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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Research 2008Publisher:Helsinki: The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) Authors: Rantala, Olavi;This paper describes the main features of a model developed for fore-casting economic developments, energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU area and Finland as well as for simulating the economic impacts of EU climate policy. Climate policy analysis necessitates a model of the whole EU area, because CO2 emissions of the EU area emission trading sector determine the demand and price of emission allowances. The main conclusion from model simulations is that output and employment losses induced by EU climate policy in 2008-2012 will be more se-vere in a small open energy intensive economy like Finland than in the rest of the EU area. The negative impacts of EU climate policy on export competitiveness, exports and output volume in Finland will be strongest in the energy intensive industrial sec-tors which belong to the EU emission trading sector.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Research 2008Publisher:Helsinki: The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) Authors: Rantala, Olavi;This paper describes the main features of a model developed for fore-casting economic developments, energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU area and Finland as well as for simulating the economic impacts of EU climate policy. Climate policy analysis necessitates a model of the whole EU area, because CO2 emissions of the EU area emission trading sector determine the demand and price of emission allowances. The main conclusion from model simulations is that output and employment losses induced by EU climate policy in 2008-2012 will be more se-vere in a small open energy intensive economy like Finland than in the rest of the EU area. The negative impacts of EU climate policy on export competitiveness, exports and output volume in Finland will be strongest in the energy intensive industrial sec-tors which belong to the EU emission trading sector.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2013 FinlandAuthors: Käyhty, Heini;Maailmanlaajuinen ilmastopolitiikka asettaa vaativia tavoitteita hiilidioksidipäästöjen vähentämiselle. Suurin haaste on tuottaa energiaa mahdollisimman alhaisin kustannuksin käyttäen uusiutuvia ja ympäristöä säästäviä energiamuotoja. Tuulivoimasta on tullut nopeimmin kehittyvä sähköntuotantotapa, ja tuuliturbiinien koon kasvun myötä on myös generaattorien koko kasvanut merkittävästi 1990-luvulta lähtien. Generaattorin massiivisuus suoravetoisessa tuuliturbiinin voimansiirrossa vaatii tarkkoja kuormitustarkasteluja, jotta rakenne kestäisi tuuliturbiinin eliniän. Tuuliturbiinin kuormitukset ovat stokastisia ja toisinaan erittäin suuria, mikä vaikeuttaa kuormitusten määrittämistä. Tuulen kuormitusten lisäksi generaattori altistuu eri toimintojen kautta muillekin kuormituksille, ja tästä syystä on otettava huomioon jarrutuksen, dynaamisen tasapainon ja ohjauksen sekä verkkovikojen aiheuttamat rasitukset tuuliturbiinin voimansiirrolle. Edellisten lisäksi työssä on tarkasteltu erilaisia rakenneratkaisuja sekä pyritty kiinnittämään huomio niiden kuormankantokykyyn ja jäykkyyteen sekä generaattorin keventämismahdollisuuksiin verrattuna perinteisiin radiaalivuogeneraattoreihin. Työssä on pyritty selvittämään rakenteen kuormitukset siten, että pystyttäisiin optimoimaan mahdollisimman kevyt rakenne. Optimoinnin kohteena on pinnarakenteisen generaattorin rakenteen massa puolien, puolan kulmien sekä tukirenkaan ja niistä aiheutuvien erilaisten rakenneyhdistelmien suhteen tarkasteltuna. Worldwide climate policy and the global climate agreement strongly demand to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The greatest challenge is to produce low cost energy with renewable methods. Wind power is one of the fastest developing methods to produce electricity and with the growth of the wind turbine size the wind turbine generators have become heavier and the size of the generators has grown since the beginning of 1990's. The massive generators in wind turbine drivetrain require many kinds of structural analysis to enable the structure to last the lifetime of the wind turbine. Wind turbine loads are stochastic and sometimes very big due to wind, which makes the load determination very demanding. In addition to wind loads, additional loads due to various functions affect the generator as well. For this reason, it is advisable to take into account braking, dynamic balance, dynamic control and electrical network failure impact to the drivetrain loads of the generator. In this study different structural solutions have been examined and a great effort has been made to find out what is the feature of the structure that carries the load and also, the potential of the existing lightweight wind turbine generators compared to the structure of the conventional radial flux generator has been taken into consideration. Furthermore, the goal of this study has been to find out a way to determine wind turbine generator loads in a way that makes it possible to optimize the lightweight structure. The target of the optimization in the structure is the number of the spokes, the spoke angle and the support ring in a generator and the weight gain on the structure of different combinations caused by them.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2013 FinlandAuthors: Käyhty, Heini;Maailmanlaajuinen ilmastopolitiikka asettaa vaativia tavoitteita hiilidioksidipäästöjen vähentämiselle. Suurin haaste on tuottaa energiaa mahdollisimman alhaisin kustannuksin käyttäen uusiutuvia ja ympäristöä säästäviä energiamuotoja. Tuulivoimasta on tullut nopeimmin kehittyvä sähköntuotantotapa, ja tuuliturbiinien koon kasvun myötä on myös generaattorien koko kasvanut merkittävästi 1990-luvulta lähtien. Generaattorin massiivisuus suoravetoisessa tuuliturbiinin voimansiirrossa vaatii tarkkoja kuormitustarkasteluja, jotta rakenne kestäisi tuuliturbiinin eliniän. Tuuliturbiinin kuormitukset ovat stokastisia ja toisinaan erittäin suuria, mikä vaikeuttaa kuormitusten määrittämistä. Tuulen kuormitusten lisäksi generaattori altistuu eri toimintojen kautta muillekin kuormituksille, ja tästä syystä on otettava huomioon jarrutuksen, dynaamisen tasapainon ja ohjauksen sekä verkkovikojen aiheuttamat rasitukset tuuliturbiinin voimansiirrolle. Edellisten lisäksi työssä on tarkasteltu erilaisia rakenneratkaisuja sekä pyritty kiinnittämään huomio niiden kuormankantokykyyn ja jäykkyyteen sekä generaattorin keventämismahdollisuuksiin verrattuna perinteisiin radiaalivuogeneraattoreihin. Työssä on pyritty selvittämään rakenteen kuormitukset siten, että pystyttäisiin optimoimaan mahdollisimman kevyt rakenne. Optimoinnin kohteena on pinnarakenteisen generaattorin rakenteen massa puolien, puolan kulmien sekä tukirenkaan ja niistä aiheutuvien erilaisten rakenneyhdistelmien suhteen tarkasteltuna. Worldwide climate policy and the global climate agreement strongly demand to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The greatest challenge is to produce low cost energy with renewable methods. Wind power is one of the fastest developing methods to produce electricity and with the growth of the wind turbine size the wind turbine generators have become heavier and the size of the generators has grown since the beginning of 1990's. The massive generators in wind turbine drivetrain require many kinds of structural analysis to enable the structure to last the lifetime of the wind turbine. Wind turbine loads are stochastic and sometimes very big due to wind, which makes the load determination very demanding. In addition to wind loads, additional loads due to various functions affect the generator as well. For this reason, it is advisable to take into account braking, dynamic balance, dynamic control and electrical network failure impact to the drivetrain loads of the generator. In this study different structural solutions have been examined and a great effort has been made to find out what is the feature of the structure that carries the load and also, the potential of the existing lightweight wind turbine generators compared to the structure of the conventional radial flux generator has been taken into consideration. Furthermore, the goal of this study has been to find out a way to determine wind turbine generator loads in a way that makes it possible to optimize the lightweight structure. The target of the optimization in the structure is the number of the spokes, the spoke angle and the support ring in a generator and the weight gain on the structure of different combinations caused by them.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 FinlandAuthors: Europaeus, Veera;Suomessa on sitouduttu kansainvälisiin päästövähennystavoitteisiin ja uusiutuvan ener-gian osuuden kasvattamiseen. Biohiili on erinomainen polttoainevaihtoehto kivihiili-voimalaitoksissa, sillä sitä voidaan käyttää suurellakin seososuudella ilman merkittäviä rakenteellisia muutoksia polttoaineen syöttölaitteistoihin tai kattilaan. Biohiiltä voidaan käyttää myös metallurgiassa pelkistimenä, maanparannusaineena ja hiilinieluna. Biohiilen raaka-aineena toimii energia- ja kuitupuuhake. Parikkalan lähialueella on hyödyn-nettävissä olevaa teknis-taloudellista metsäenergiapotentiaalia keskisuuren biojalostamon perustamista varten. Biohiilen teoreettinen markkinapotentiaali on valtava, mutta sen taloudelliset kannattavuusnäkymät ovat heikot nykyhintatasolla. Biohiilen kilpailukykyä heikentävät kivihiilen ja päästöoikeuksien alhaiset hinnat ja biohiilen korkeat tuotantokustannukset. Biohiilimarkkinoiden kehittymistä jarruttaa myös olemassa olevan tuotannon puute. Biohiilen käyttöönotto edellyttäisi kansainvälisiä tukitoimia tai kivihiilen hinnan kasvua. Finland is committed to the international emission reduction targets and to increase the share of renewable energy. Biochar is an excellent alternative fuel for coal-fired power plants because it can be used even with a large share of the mixture without major struc-tural changes in the fuel supply installations or boiler. Biochar can also be used as a reducing agent in metallurgy, in a soil improvement and as a carbon sink. A raw material of the biochar is energy- and pulpwood chips. In the surrounding area of Parikkala there exists utilizable technical and economic potential of forest energy to establish a medium size biorefinery. Theoretical market potential of biochar is huge but its financial profitability prospects are weak at current prices. Low prices of coal and carbon emissions and high production costs reduce the competitiveness of biochar. The devel-opment of biochar markets are also obstructed because of the lack of existing biochar production. Biochar would require international measure of support or coal price growth.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 FinlandAuthors: Europaeus, Veera;Suomessa on sitouduttu kansainvälisiin päästövähennystavoitteisiin ja uusiutuvan ener-gian osuuden kasvattamiseen. Biohiili on erinomainen polttoainevaihtoehto kivihiili-voimalaitoksissa, sillä sitä voidaan käyttää suurellakin seososuudella ilman merkittäviä rakenteellisia muutoksia polttoaineen syöttölaitteistoihin tai kattilaan. Biohiiltä voidaan käyttää myös metallurgiassa pelkistimenä, maanparannusaineena ja hiilinieluna. Biohiilen raaka-aineena toimii energia- ja kuitupuuhake. Parikkalan lähialueella on hyödyn-nettävissä olevaa teknis-taloudellista metsäenergiapotentiaalia keskisuuren biojalostamon perustamista varten. Biohiilen teoreettinen markkinapotentiaali on valtava, mutta sen taloudelliset kannattavuusnäkymät ovat heikot nykyhintatasolla. Biohiilen kilpailukykyä heikentävät kivihiilen ja päästöoikeuksien alhaiset hinnat ja biohiilen korkeat tuotantokustannukset. Biohiilimarkkinoiden kehittymistä jarruttaa myös olemassa olevan tuotannon puute. Biohiilen käyttöönotto edellyttäisi kansainvälisiä tukitoimia tai kivihiilen hinnan kasvua. Finland is committed to the international emission reduction targets and to increase the share of renewable energy. Biochar is an excellent alternative fuel for coal-fired power plants because it can be used even with a large share of the mixture without major struc-tural changes in the fuel supply installations or boiler. Biochar can also be used as a reducing agent in metallurgy, in a soil improvement and as a carbon sink. A raw material of the biochar is energy- and pulpwood chips. In the surrounding area of Parikkala there exists utilizable technical and economic potential of forest energy to establish a medium size biorefinery. Theoretical market potential of biochar is huge but its financial profitability prospects are weak at current prices. Low prices of coal and carbon emissions and high production costs reduce the competitiveness of biochar. The devel-opment of biochar markets are also obstructed because of the lack of existing biochar production. Biochar would require international measure of support or coal price growth.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2023 FinlandAuthors: Jortikka, Janne;This Master’s thesis examines the improvement of the energy efficiency of the aeration process of the wastewater treatment plant when acquiring a new compressor alongside the current compressors. The work was carried out as part of the ENTER project, which is supported by the Finnish Ministry of the Environment. The aim of said project was to analyze the utilization of new technology in the energy efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant's aeration compressors and in the enhancement of energy recovery. The aeration process is the most energy-intensive process of wastewater treatment, where, depending on the plant, up to 50 to 70 percent of the aggregate electrical energy required by the plant is consumed. Thus, by improving the energy efficiency of the aeration process, the energy efficiency of the plant is also significantly affected. In this thesis, a market survey of suitable compressors was carried out, a new compressor was dimensioned, parameters were defined for the tender request, and compressors were compared using 15-year life cycle costs. Finally, the compressor that performed best in the comparison was compared to the plant’s current compressors. As a result, it was concluded that the energy efficiency of the aeration process can be improved by acquiring a new compressor. It was also found that the new compressor could facilitate the control of the compressors, as the new compressor alone would be able to produce most of the required air. Additional observations were made regarding other ways to improve energy efficiency. Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan jätevedenpuhdistamon ilmastusprosessin energiatehokkuuden parantamista määrittelemällä uusi kompressori vanhojen kompressorien rinnalle. Työ toteutettiin osana Turun seudun puhdistamo Oy:n Ympäristöministeriön tukemaa ENTER-hanketta, jossa tutkittiin uuden teknologian hyödyntämistä jätevedenpuhdistamon ilmastuskompressorien energiatehokkuudessa sekä energian talteenoton tehostamisessa. Ilmastusprosessi on jätevedenpuhdistuksen energiaintensiivisin prosessi, jossa laitoskohtaisesti kuluu 50–70 prosenttia koko laitoksen kuluttamasta sähköenergiasta. Siksi ilmastusprosessin energiatehokkuuden parantamisella vaikutetaan merkittävästi myös koko laitoksen energiatehokkuuteen. Työssä tehtiin markkinakartoitus soveltuvista kompressoreista, mitoitettiin uusi kompressori, määriteltiin lähtöarvot tarjouspyynnölle sekä vertailtiin kompressoreja 15 vuoden elinkaarikustannusten avulla. Lisäksi työssä parhaiten vertailussa pärjänneen kompressorin energiatehokkuutta vertailtiin laitoksen vanhoihin kompressoreihin. Työn tuloksena todettiin, että ilmastusprosessin energiatehokkuutta pystytään parantamaan uuden kompressorin hankinnalla. Yhtenä havaintona tuloksia arvioitaessa havaittiin lisäksi, että uudella kompressorilla voitaisiin helpottaa kompressorien ohjaamista, sillä uusi kompressori pystyisi yksinään tuottamaan suurimman osan tarvittavasta ilmasta. Lisäksi loppupäätelmissä tehtiin havaintoja sen osalta, millä muulla tavoin energiatehokkuutta voitaisiin parantaa.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2023 FinlandAuthors: Jortikka, Janne;This Master’s thesis examines the improvement of the energy efficiency of the aeration process of the wastewater treatment plant when acquiring a new compressor alongside the current compressors. The work was carried out as part of the ENTER project, which is supported by the Finnish Ministry of the Environment. The aim of said project was to analyze the utilization of new technology in the energy efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant's aeration compressors and in the enhancement of energy recovery. The aeration process is the most energy-intensive process of wastewater treatment, where, depending on the plant, up to 50 to 70 percent of the aggregate electrical energy required by the plant is consumed. Thus, by improving the energy efficiency of the aeration process, the energy efficiency of the plant is also significantly affected. In this thesis, a market survey of suitable compressors was carried out, a new compressor was dimensioned, parameters were defined for the tender request, and compressors were compared using 15-year life cycle costs. Finally, the compressor that performed best in the comparison was compared to the plant’s current compressors. As a result, it was concluded that the energy efficiency of the aeration process can be improved by acquiring a new compressor. It was also found that the new compressor could facilitate the control of the compressors, as the new compressor alone would be able to produce most of the required air. Additional observations were made regarding other ways to improve energy efficiency. Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan jätevedenpuhdistamon ilmastusprosessin energiatehokkuuden parantamista määrittelemällä uusi kompressori vanhojen kompressorien rinnalle. Työ toteutettiin osana Turun seudun puhdistamo Oy:n Ympäristöministeriön tukemaa ENTER-hanketta, jossa tutkittiin uuden teknologian hyödyntämistä jätevedenpuhdistamon ilmastuskompressorien energiatehokkuudessa sekä energian talteenoton tehostamisessa. Ilmastusprosessi on jätevedenpuhdistuksen energiaintensiivisin prosessi, jossa laitoskohtaisesti kuluu 50–70 prosenttia koko laitoksen kuluttamasta sähköenergiasta. Siksi ilmastusprosessin energiatehokkuuden parantamisella vaikutetaan merkittävästi myös koko laitoksen energiatehokkuuteen. Työssä tehtiin markkinakartoitus soveltuvista kompressoreista, mitoitettiin uusi kompressori, määriteltiin lähtöarvot tarjouspyynnölle sekä vertailtiin kompressoreja 15 vuoden elinkaarikustannusten avulla. Lisäksi työssä parhaiten vertailussa pärjänneen kompressorin energiatehokkuutta vertailtiin laitoksen vanhoihin kompressoreihin. Työn tuloksena todettiin, että ilmastusprosessin energiatehokkuutta pystytään parantamaan uuden kompressorin hankinnalla. Yhtenä havaintona tuloksia arvioitaessa havaittiin lisäksi, että uudella kompressorilla voitaisiin helpottaa kompressorien ohjaamista, sillä uusi kompressori pystyisi yksinään tuottamaan suurimman osan tarvittavasta ilmasta. Lisäksi loppupäätelmissä tehtiin havaintoja sen osalta, millä muulla tavoin energiatehokkuutta voitaisiin parantaa.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2018 FinlandAuthors: Kärkkäinen, Petteri;Uusiutuvan energian osuutta maailman energiantuotannossa halutaan kasvattaa, ja yksi sopiva energialähde on tuulienergia. Tuuliturbiinien rakentaminen on Suomessa ollut kasvussa, mikä tarkoittaa, että turbiineja rakennetaan entistä enemmän sisämaahan metsäiseen maastoon. Tämä tuo haasteita turbiinien rakentamiselle ja valinnalle sekä tuotannon optimoinnille. Metsäinen maasto, tai mikä tahansa virtauksien tielle osuva este, hidastaa tuulen nopeutta ja aiheuttaa tuuleen turbulenssia. Tässä työssä analysoidaan metsäisessä maastossa mitatusta tuulidatasta tuuligradientin ja tuulen turbulenssin jaksottaisuutta ja tilastollisuutta. Turbulenssin osalta käytetään turbulenssin intensiteettiä. Jaksottaisuutta tarkastellaan vuorokauden ja vuodenajan mukaan. Tutkimusaineistona toimii Lappeenrannassa TuuliMuukon tuulipuistossa LiDAR-tutkalla (Light Detection And Ranging) mitattu tuulidata. Datan analysointiin käytetään Matlab-ohjelmaa. Analysoinnissa havaittiin tuuligradientilla ja turbulenssin intensiteetillä olevan vuorokausijaksottaisuutta. Tuuligradientti vaihtelee vuorokauden aikana siten, että se on pienempää päivän aikana ja suurempaa yön aikana. Turbulenssin intensiteetti vaihtelee päinvastaisesti. Tilastollisesti suurin osa tuuligradientin eksponenttiarvon arvoista on välillä 0,2-0,6. Tuuligradientin potenssiarvo vaihtelee vuodenajan mukaan hieman, ja pienimpänä potenssiarvo on lämpiminä kuukausina kuten toukokuussa. Graafisen tarkastelun perusteella tuuligradientti poikkeaa selvästi standardin mukaisesta arvosta ainakin maaliskuussa. Turbulenssin intensiteetin arvot jakautuvat välille 0,02-0,2, joista suurin osa on välillä 0,10-0,16. Turbulenssin intensiteetin jakaumien perusteella tuuliolosuhteet näyttävät olevan standardien mukaisia, pois lukien tarkastelluista kuukausista syyskuun jakauman, joka poikkesi standardin mukaisesta. There is a need to increase the share of renewable energy in the world’s energy production and one suitable energy source is wind energy. The construction of wind turbines in Finland has been growing, which means that the turbines are built more and more inland where the terrain is forested. This brings challenges for the construction, selection and optimization of production of the wind turbines. Forested terrain, or any other obstacle, slows down the wind and causes turbulence to the wind. This bachelor’s thesis analyzes the wind conditions’, wind shear and turbulence, periodicity and statisticality from wind data that has been measured in forested area. Turbulence intensity is chosen to represent turbulence. Periodicity is viewed from the point of diurnal and seasonal variation. The research material used is wind data measured in Lappeenranta in TuuliMuukko wind farm with a LiDAR-radar (Light Detection and Ranging). Matlab-software is used to analyze the data. The wind shear and turbulence intensity were observed to have periodicity in diurnal time interval. The wind shear varies such as it is smaller during day and bigger during night. The turbulence intensity varies the other way around. Statistically the biggest share of the wind shear exponent’s values are between 0.2 and 0.6. The wind shear exponent varies a little by the season and the smallest it is during the warmest months like in May. Based on graphical review, the wind shear diverges clearly from the standard value at least during March. The values of turbulence intensity divide between 0.02 and 0.2, and the greater part are between 0.10 and 0.16. Based on the distribution of the turbulence intensity, the wind conditions look to be in accordance with standards, excluding September’s distribution which diverged from the standard values.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2018 FinlandAuthors: Kärkkäinen, Petteri;Uusiutuvan energian osuutta maailman energiantuotannossa halutaan kasvattaa, ja yksi sopiva energialähde on tuulienergia. Tuuliturbiinien rakentaminen on Suomessa ollut kasvussa, mikä tarkoittaa, että turbiineja rakennetaan entistä enemmän sisämaahan metsäiseen maastoon. Tämä tuo haasteita turbiinien rakentamiselle ja valinnalle sekä tuotannon optimoinnille. Metsäinen maasto, tai mikä tahansa virtauksien tielle osuva este, hidastaa tuulen nopeutta ja aiheuttaa tuuleen turbulenssia. Tässä työssä analysoidaan metsäisessä maastossa mitatusta tuulidatasta tuuligradientin ja tuulen turbulenssin jaksottaisuutta ja tilastollisuutta. Turbulenssin osalta käytetään turbulenssin intensiteettiä. Jaksottaisuutta tarkastellaan vuorokauden ja vuodenajan mukaan. Tutkimusaineistona toimii Lappeenrannassa TuuliMuukon tuulipuistossa LiDAR-tutkalla (Light Detection And Ranging) mitattu tuulidata. Datan analysointiin käytetään Matlab-ohjelmaa. Analysoinnissa havaittiin tuuligradientilla ja turbulenssin intensiteetillä olevan vuorokausijaksottaisuutta. Tuuligradientti vaihtelee vuorokauden aikana siten, että se on pienempää päivän aikana ja suurempaa yön aikana. Turbulenssin intensiteetti vaihtelee päinvastaisesti. Tilastollisesti suurin osa tuuligradientin eksponenttiarvon arvoista on välillä 0,2-0,6. Tuuligradientin potenssiarvo vaihtelee vuodenajan mukaan hieman, ja pienimpänä potenssiarvo on lämpiminä kuukausina kuten toukokuussa. Graafisen tarkastelun perusteella tuuligradientti poikkeaa selvästi standardin mukaisesta arvosta ainakin maaliskuussa. Turbulenssin intensiteetin arvot jakautuvat välille 0,02-0,2, joista suurin osa on välillä 0,10-0,16. Turbulenssin intensiteetin jakaumien perusteella tuuliolosuhteet näyttävät olevan standardien mukaisia, pois lukien tarkastelluista kuukausista syyskuun jakauman, joka poikkesi standardin mukaisesta. There is a need to increase the share of renewable energy in the world’s energy production and one suitable energy source is wind energy. The construction of wind turbines in Finland has been growing, which means that the turbines are built more and more inland where the terrain is forested. This brings challenges for the construction, selection and optimization of production of the wind turbines. Forested terrain, or any other obstacle, slows down the wind and causes turbulence to the wind. This bachelor’s thesis analyzes the wind conditions’, wind shear and turbulence, periodicity and statisticality from wind data that has been measured in forested area. Turbulence intensity is chosen to represent turbulence. Periodicity is viewed from the point of diurnal and seasonal variation. The research material used is wind data measured in Lappeenranta in TuuliMuukko wind farm with a LiDAR-radar (Light Detection and Ranging). Matlab-software is used to analyze the data. The wind shear and turbulence intensity were observed to have periodicity in diurnal time interval. The wind shear varies such as it is smaller during day and bigger during night. The turbulence intensity varies the other way around. Statistically the biggest share of the wind shear exponent’s values are between 0.2 and 0.6. The wind shear exponent varies a little by the season and the smallest it is during the warmest months like in May. Based on graphical review, the wind shear diverges clearly from the standard value at least during March. The values of turbulence intensity divide between 0.02 and 0.2, and the greater part are between 0.10 and 0.16. Based on the distribution of the turbulence intensity, the wind conditions look to be in accordance with standards, excluding September’s distribution which diverged from the standard values.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2005 FinlandAuthors: Martikainen, Antti;Tässä diplomityössä tutkittiin ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutusta sähköverkkoliiketoimintaan. Ilmastonmuutosennusteet laadittiin RCAOilmastomallin antamien laskelmien perusteella. Ilmastomuuttujien ennusteet tehtiin ajanjaksolle 2016 - 2045 ja ennusteiden vertailujaksona käytettiin ajanjaksoa 1960 - 1990. Ennusteet laadittiin sadannalle, lämpötilalle, kuuraantumiselle, huurteelle, ukkoselle, routaantumiselle ja tuulisuudelle. Ilmastomuuttujien vaikutukset arvioitiin sekä tekniseltä että taloudelliselta kannalta. Ilmastonmuutoksen myötä on odotettavissa, että ilmastomuuttujien aiheuttamat rasitukset verkkoliiketoimintaa kohtaan tulevat olemaan niistä saatuja hyötyjä suuremmat. Vikamäärien kasvu on merkittävin ja haastavin ilmastonmuutoksen aiheuttama haitta. Ukkonen, lumikuormat ja tuuli tulevat aiheuttamaan nykyistä enemmän vikoja erityisesti keskijänniteverkoissa avojohdoille ellei verkkoja kehitetä vikavarmemmiksi. Lämpötilan nousun seurauksena lämmitystarve laskee ja jäähdytystarve nousee. Tämä näkyy merkittävimmin voimakkaasti lämpötilariippuvaisten käyttäjäryhmien sähkönkulutuksessa ja huippukuormissa. In this paper the effect of climate change on electricity network business is presented. The results are based on RCAO climate model scenarios. The climate predictions were composed to the period 2016 - 2045. The period 1960 - 1990 was used as a control period. The climate predictions were composed for precipitation, temperature, hoarfrost, thunder, ground frost and wind. The effects of the change of the climate variables on electricity network business were estimated from technical and economical points of view. The estimationwas based on the change predictions of the climate variables. It is expected that the climate change will cause more damages than benefits on electrical network business. The increase of the number of network fault will be the most important and demanding disadvantage caused by the climate change. If networks are not developed more resistant for faults, thunder, heavy snow and wind will cause more damages especially to overhead lines in medium voltage network. As a consequence of increasing temperature the demand of heating energy will decrease and the demand of cooling energy will increase. This is significant for the electricity consumption and the peak load of temperaturedependent electricity users.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2005 FinlandAuthors: Martikainen, Antti;Tässä diplomityössä tutkittiin ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutusta sähköverkkoliiketoimintaan. Ilmastonmuutosennusteet laadittiin RCAOilmastomallin antamien laskelmien perusteella. Ilmastomuuttujien ennusteet tehtiin ajanjaksolle 2016 - 2045 ja ennusteiden vertailujaksona käytettiin ajanjaksoa 1960 - 1990. Ennusteet laadittiin sadannalle, lämpötilalle, kuuraantumiselle, huurteelle, ukkoselle, routaantumiselle ja tuulisuudelle. Ilmastomuuttujien vaikutukset arvioitiin sekä tekniseltä että taloudelliselta kannalta. Ilmastonmuutoksen myötä on odotettavissa, että ilmastomuuttujien aiheuttamat rasitukset verkkoliiketoimintaa kohtaan tulevat olemaan niistä saatuja hyötyjä suuremmat. Vikamäärien kasvu on merkittävin ja haastavin ilmastonmuutoksen aiheuttama haitta. Ukkonen, lumikuormat ja tuuli tulevat aiheuttamaan nykyistä enemmän vikoja erityisesti keskijänniteverkoissa avojohdoille ellei verkkoja kehitetä vikavarmemmiksi. Lämpötilan nousun seurauksena lämmitystarve laskee ja jäähdytystarve nousee. Tämä näkyy merkittävimmin voimakkaasti lämpötilariippuvaisten käyttäjäryhmien sähkönkulutuksessa ja huippukuormissa. In this paper the effect of climate change on electricity network business is presented. The results are based on RCAO climate model scenarios. The climate predictions were composed to the period 2016 - 2045. The period 1960 - 1990 was used as a control period. The climate predictions were composed for precipitation, temperature, hoarfrost, thunder, ground frost and wind. The effects of the change of the climate variables on electricity network business were estimated from technical and economical points of view. The estimationwas based on the change predictions of the climate variables. It is expected that the climate change will cause more damages than benefits on electrical network business. The increase of the number of network fault will be the most important and demanding disadvantage caused by the climate change. If networks are not developed more resistant for faults, thunder, heavy snow and wind will cause more damages especially to overhead lines in medium voltage network. As a consequence of increasing temperature the demand of heating energy will decrease and the demand of cooling energy will increase. This is significant for the electricity consumption and the peak load of temperaturedependent electricity users.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2009 FinlandAuthors: Aaltonen, Jenni;Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena on selvittää Suomen poliittisten päättäjien sekä heidän sidosryhmien mielipiteitä energiatehokkuuden lisäämisestä erityisesti yritysten näkökulmasta. Tämän lisäksi työssä selvitetään poliittisten päättäjien tärkeimpiä sidosryhmiä energiapoliittisia asioita käsiteltäessä. Tutkimuksen teoriaosassa keskitytään energiatehokkuuden kehittymiseen, energiatehokkuuden hyötyihin, keinoihin energiatehokkuuden edistämiseksi sekä uusimpiin energiatehokkuutta koskeviin strategioihin, lainsäädäntöihin ja sopimuksiin. Tutkimusaineisto kerätään laadullisella ja määrällisellä tutkimusmenetelmällä. Tarvittavan informaation saamiseksi suoritetaan eduskunnan talous-, tulevaisuus- ja ympäristövaliokunnalle kysely, joka toteutetaan Internetin välityksellä. Sidosryhmiltä tieto kerätään haastatteluilla. Tutkimustuloksien mukaan energiatehokkuuteen ei ole panostettu tarpeeksi Suomessa ja se on yksi keskeisimmistä keinoista torjua ilmastonmuutos. Yleisesti ottaen asenteet energiatehokkuuden lisäämiseksi ovat selvästi parantuneet viimevuosien aikana. Tärkeimmäksi sidosryhmäksi nousi selkeästi Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö, mutta myös Energiateollisuus ry sekä kansalais- ja ympäristöjärjestöt koettiin tärkeiksi. The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to find out Finnish political decision-makers and their interest groups opinions of energy efficiency especially from companies’ point of view. This work also determines political decision-makers most importants interest groups when discussing about energy politics. The theory part in this thesis focus on improving energy efficiency, benefits of energy efficiency, resorts to improve energy efficiency and the newest strategies, laws and contracts that aim to improve energy efficiency. Research data is gathered with qualitative and quantitative research methods. This thesis performs a questioning to parliaments economy-, future- and environment committee to gather the information. The questioning is conducted through Internet. Interest groups opinions are collected with an interview. Research result reveals that in Finland hasn’t been invested enough for energy efficiency and that energy efficiency is an important way to reject climate change. Political decision-makers attitudes for improving energy efficiency have gotten better during last years. The most important political decision-makers are Ministry of Employment and the Economy, but also Finnish Energy Industries and civil and environmental organizations.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2009 FinlandAuthors: Aaltonen, Jenni;Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena on selvittää Suomen poliittisten päättäjien sekä heidän sidosryhmien mielipiteitä energiatehokkuuden lisäämisestä erityisesti yritysten näkökulmasta. Tämän lisäksi työssä selvitetään poliittisten päättäjien tärkeimpiä sidosryhmiä energiapoliittisia asioita käsiteltäessä. Tutkimuksen teoriaosassa keskitytään energiatehokkuuden kehittymiseen, energiatehokkuuden hyötyihin, keinoihin energiatehokkuuden edistämiseksi sekä uusimpiin energiatehokkuutta koskeviin strategioihin, lainsäädäntöihin ja sopimuksiin. Tutkimusaineisto kerätään laadullisella ja määrällisellä tutkimusmenetelmällä. Tarvittavan informaation saamiseksi suoritetaan eduskunnan talous-, tulevaisuus- ja ympäristövaliokunnalle kysely, joka toteutetaan Internetin välityksellä. Sidosryhmiltä tieto kerätään haastatteluilla. Tutkimustuloksien mukaan energiatehokkuuteen ei ole panostettu tarpeeksi Suomessa ja se on yksi keskeisimmistä keinoista torjua ilmastonmuutos. Yleisesti ottaen asenteet energiatehokkuuden lisäämiseksi ovat selvästi parantuneet viimevuosien aikana. Tärkeimmäksi sidosryhmäksi nousi selkeästi Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö, mutta myös Energiateollisuus ry sekä kansalais- ja ympäristöjärjestöt koettiin tärkeiksi. The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to find out Finnish political decision-makers and their interest groups opinions of energy efficiency especially from companies’ point of view. This work also determines political decision-makers most importants interest groups when discussing about energy politics. The theory part in this thesis focus on improving energy efficiency, benefits of energy efficiency, resorts to improve energy efficiency and the newest strategies, laws and contracts that aim to improve energy efficiency. Research data is gathered with qualitative and quantitative research methods. This thesis performs a questioning to parliaments economy-, future- and environment committee to gather the information. The questioning is conducted through Internet. Interest groups opinions are collected with an interview. Research result reveals that in Finland hasn’t been invested enough for energy efficiency and that energy efficiency is an important way to reject climate change. Political decision-makers attitudes for improving energy efficiency have gotten better during last years. The most important political decision-makers are Ministry of Employment and the Economy, but also Finnish Energy Industries and civil and environmental organizations.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2023 FinlandAuthors: Burtsov, Roni;Improving energy efficiency is one of the most important ways to curb global warming. In Europe, the legislation setting requirements for the energy efficiency of the EU member states and the companies of the member states are constantly getting more demanding in order to achieve common energy efficiency goals. Implementing energy management systems and performing energy audits are effective ways to reduce energy consumption in companies. In this master's thesis, the possibilities of implementing an energy management system and developing the energy efficiency of a large domestic energy company are explored. Based on the comparison of different energy management systems, the most suitable energy efficiency system for the company at hand would be ETJ+. The current state of the company's energy management was compared to the requirements set by the energy efficiency system by holding interviews with the company's energy efficiency managers and performing a gap analysis. The results of the analysis yielded a comprehensive overview of the company's current energy management and the shortcomings compared to the requirements of the ETJ+ system, as well as corrective measures to achieve the required level of operation. Based on the analysis, the corrective action proposals could be implemented cost-effectively, since the energy efficiency system could be integrated into the company's current management system. The introduction of an energy efficiency system would be in line with the company's strategy and respond to the pressures set by the operating environment and stakeholders. Energy efficiency activities should be brought to a level where the ETJ+ could be certified. The company's energy audits and analyses could be used more effectively to identify energy savings possibilities using different tools. The implementation of the action proposals, arising as a result of the reviews, could be integrated within the current work planning processes. Energiatehokkuuden edistäminen on eräs tärkeimmistä keinoista hillitä ilmaston lämpenemistä. Euroopassa EU:n jäsenvaltioiden ja jäsenvaltioiden yritysten energiatehokkuudelle vaatimuksia asettava lainsäädäntö kiristyy jatkuvasti, jotta yhteiset energiatehokkuustavoitteet saavutettaisiin. Energianhallintajärjestelmien käyttöönotto ja energia- sekä kohdekatselmusten suorittaminen ovat tehokkaita keinoja vähentää energiankulutusta yrityksissä. Tässä diplomityössä kartoitetaan suuren kotimaisen energiayhtiön mahdollisuuksia ottaa käyttöön energianhallintajärjestelmä ja kehittää yrityksen energiatehokkuustoimintaa. Eri energianhallintajärjestelmien vertailun perusteella yritykselle soveltuvin energiatehokkuusjärjestelmä olisi ETJ+. Yrityksen energianhallinnan nykytilaa verrattiin energiatehokkuusjärjestelmän asettamiin vaatimuksiin pitämällä haastatteluita yrityksen energiatehokkuusvastaaville ja suorittamalla kuiluanalyysi. Analyysin tuloksina saatiin kattava yleiskuva yrityksen nykyisestä energianhallinnasta ja puutteet verrattaessa ETJ+ -järjestelmän vaatimuksiin. Lisäksi selvitettiin korjaavat toimenpiteet, joilla vaadittu toiminnan taso saavutettaisiin. Analyysin perusteella saadut korjaavat toimenpide-ehdotukset olisivat toteutettavissa kustannustehokkaasti, sillä energiatehokkuusjärjestelmä voidaan sulauttaa yrityksen nykyiseen johtamisjärjestelmään. Energiatehokkuusjärjestelmän käyttöönotto olisi yrityksen strategian mukaista ja vastaisi toimintaympäristön sekä sidosryhmien asettamiin paineisiin. Energiatehokkuustoiminta tulisi saattaa tasolle, jolla ETJ+ voitaisiin ottaa sertifioidusti käyttöön. Yrityksen energia- ja kohdekatselmointia voitaisiin hyödyntää tehokkaammin energiansäästöjen tunnistamiseksi eri työkalujen avulla. Katselmusten tuloksina syntyvien toimenpide-ehdotusten toteuttaminen olisi liitettävissä nykyisiin työnsuunnitteluprosesseihin.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2023 FinlandAuthors: Burtsov, Roni;Improving energy efficiency is one of the most important ways to curb global warming. In Europe, the legislation setting requirements for the energy efficiency of the EU member states and the companies of the member states are constantly getting more demanding in order to achieve common energy efficiency goals. Implementing energy management systems and performing energy audits are effective ways to reduce energy consumption in companies. In this master's thesis, the possibilities of implementing an energy management system and developing the energy efficiency of a large domestic energy company are explored. Based on the comparison of different energy management systems, the most suitable energy efficiency system for the company at hand would be ETJ+. The current state of the company's energy management was compared to the requirements set by the energy efficiency system by holding interviews with the company's energy efficiency managers and performing a gap analysis. The results of the analysis yielded a comprehensive overview of the company's current energy management and the shortcomings compared to the requirements of the ETJ+ system, as well as corrective measures to achieve the required level of operation. Based on the analysis, the corrective action proposals could be implemented cost-effectively, since the energy efficiency system could be integrated into the company's current management system. The introduction of an energy efficiency system would be in line with the company's strategy and respond to the pressures set by the operating environment and stakeholders. Energy efficiency activities should be brought to a level where the ETJ+ could be certified. The company's energy audits and analyses could be used more effectively to identify energy savings possibilities using different tools. The implementation of the action proposals, arising as a result of the reviews, could be integrated within the current work planning processes. Energiatehokkuuden edistäminen on eräs tärkeimmistä keinoista hillitä ilmaston lämpenemistä. Euroopassa EU:n jäsenvaltioiden ja jäsenvaltioiden yritysten energiatehokkuudelle vaatimuksia asettava lainsäädäntö kiristyy jatkuvasti, jotta yhteiset energiatehokkuustavoitteet saavutettaisiin. Energianhallintajärjestelmien käyttöönotto ja energia- sekä kohdekatselmusten suorittaminen ovat tehokkaita keinoja vähentää energiankulutusta yrityksissä. Tässä diplomityössä kartoitetaan suuren kotimaisen energiayhtiön mahdollisuuksia ottaa käyttöön energianhallintajärjestelmä ja kehittää yrityksen energiatehokkuustoimintaa. Eri energianhallintajärjestelmien vertailun perusteella yritykselle soveltuvin energiatehokkuusjärjestelmä olisi ETJ+. Yrityksen energianhallinnan nykytilaa verrattiin energiatehokkuusjärjestelmän asettamiin vaatimuksiin pitämällä haastatteluita yrityksen energiatehokkuusvastaaville ja suorittamalla kuiluanalyysi. Analyysin tuloksina saatiin kattava yleiskuva yrityksen nykyisestä energianhallinnasta ja puutteet verrattaessa ETJ+ -järjestelmän vaatimuksiin. Lisäksi selvitettiin korjaavat toimenpiteet, joilla vaadittu toiminnan taso saavutettaisiin. Analyysin perusteella saadut korjaavat toimenpide-ehdotukset olisivat toteutettavissa kustannustehokkaasti, sillä energiatehokkuusjärjestelmä voidaan sulauttaa yrityksen nykyiseen johtamisjärjestelmään. Energiatehokkuusjärjestelmän käyttöönotto olisi yrityksen strategian mukaista ja vastaisi toimintaympäristön sekä sidosryhmien asettamiin paineisiin. Energiatehokkuustoiminta tulisi saattaa tasolle, jolla ETJ+ voitaisiin ottaa sertifioidusti käyttöön. Yrityksen energia- ja kohdekatselmointia voitaisiin hyödyntää tehokkaammin energiansäästöjen tunnistamiseksi eri työkalujen avulla. Katselmusten tuloksina syntyvien toimenpide-ehdotusten toteuttaminen olisi liitettävissä nykyisiin työnsuunnitteluprosesseihin.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2023 FinlandAuthors: Sallinen, Aleksi;This study aims to examine the environmental impacts of the event industry, identify their main sources of emissions, and explore the ways to reduce them. The main outcome of the study, based on a constructive research approach, is a conceptual model for creating a climate positive Satama Areena. By implementing this model, Satama Areena can achieve climate positive operations. The study also conducted a carbon dioxide emission assessment, which showed very positive results. The emission estimate for the Satama Areena opening gala was only 22.8 kg CO2-eq. per event guest. This estimate suggests that the goal of climate positive Satama Areena is feasible, as the current operation is already more responsible than many other event operators. The study further investigated the role of green marketing in the event industry. The findings indicate that green marketing is entering a new phase, but it also faces the challenge of greenwashing, which has made customers very skeptical. According to studies, more than half of the companies operating in Europe have engaged in greenwashing. Therefore, Satama Areena, which is still in the early stages of its operations, has a good opportunity to align its operations with the legislation that the European Union will enact in the near future and avoid the reputation damage caused by greenwashing. The implementation of the climate positive Satama Areena model requires significant resources. For this purpose, the company would need to allocate additional resources for researching and addressing irresponsible issues and preventing greenwashing. As the company improves its operations and generates a positive carbon footprint, the company can become carbon neutral and even climate positive in a short time span. Diplomityön tavoitteena on ymmärtää tapahtuma-alan ympäristövaikutuksia, niiden päästölähteitä ja miten päästöjä pystytään vähentämään. Työn lopulliseksi tulokseksi eli konstruktiivisen tutkimusotteen konstruktioksi syntyi Ilmastopositiivisen Satama Areenan malli, jota toteuttamalla Satama Areena voi tehdä toiminnastaan ilmastopositiivista. Työssä tehtiin hiilidioksidipäästöjen arviointi, jonka tulokset olivat positiiviset. Satama Areenan avajaisgaalan päästöarvio oli vain 22,8 kilogrammaa CO2-ekv. tapahtumavierasta kohden. Tämän arvion perusteella ilmastopositiivinen Satama Areena tavoitteena on realistinen, koska jo nyt toiminta on moneen muuhun tapahtumatoimijaan verrattuna vastuullista. Työn tutkimuksen perusteella vihreä markkinointi elää uutta aikakauttansa, mutta viherpesu on saanut asiakkaat hyvin epäileväksi. Tutkimuksien mukaan viherpesua on tehnyt yli puolet Euroopassa toimivista yrityksistä. Siksi vasta toimintansa alkuvaiheessa olevalla Satama Areenalla on hyvä mahdollisuus rakentaa toimintansa Euroopan Unionin lähiaikoina toimeenpantavan lainsäädännön mukaiseksi ja ilman viherpesun aiheuttamia mainehaittoja. Ilmastopositiivisen Satama Areenan rakentaminen vaatii huomattavia resursseja. Tätä työtä varten yhtiön täytyisi hankkia lisäresursseja, jotka ovat varattu vastuuttomien asioiden tutkimiseen ja niiden korjaamiseen ja pitää huolen, ettei viherpesua pääse syntymään. Yhtiön kehittäessä toimintoja ja hiilikädenjälkeä tuottamalla yhtiö voidaan saada hiilineutraaliksi ja jopa ilmastopositiiviseksi nopeallakin aikataululla.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2023 FinlandAuthors: Sallinen, Aleksi;This study aims to examine the environmental impacts of the event industry, identify their main sources of emissions, and explore the ways to reduce them. The main outcome of the study, based on a constructive research approach, is a conceptual model for creating a climate positive Satama Areena. By implementing this model, Satama Areena can achieve climate positive operations. The study also conducted a carbon dioxide emission assessment, which showed very positive results. The emission estimate for the Satama Areena opening gala was only 22.8 kg CO2-eq. per event guest. This estimate suggests that the goal of climate positive Satama Areena is feasible, as the current operation is already more responsible than many other event operators. The study further investigated the role of green marketing in the event industry. The findings indicate that green marketing is entering a new phase, but it also faces the challenge of greenwashing, which has made customers very skeptical. According to studies, more than half of the companies operating in Europe have engaged in greenwashing. Therefore, Satama Areena, which is still in the early stages of its operations, has a good opportunity to align its operations with the legislation that the European Union will enact in the near future and avoid the reputation damage caused by greenwashing. The implementation of the climate positive Satama Areena model requires significant resources. For this purpose, the company would need to allocate additional resources for researching and addressing irresponsible issues and preventing greenwashing. As the company improves its operations and generates a positive carbon footprint, the company can become carbon neutral and even climate positive in a short time span. Diplomityön tavoitteena on ymmärtää tapahtuma-alan ympäristövaikutuksia, niiden päästölähteitä ja miten päästöjä pystytään vähentämään. Työn lopulliseksi tulokseksi eli konstruktiivisen tutkimusotteen konstruktioksi syntyi Ilmastopositiivisen Satama Areenan malli, jota toteuttamalla Satama Areena voi tehdä toiminnastaan ilmastopositiivista. Työssä tehtiin hiilidioksidipäästöjen arviointi, jonka tulokset olivat positiiviset. Satama Areenan avajaisgaalan päästöarvio oli vain 22,8 kilogrammaa CO2-ekv. tapahtumavierasta kohden. Tämän arvion perusteella ilmastopositiivinen Satama Areena tavoitteena on realistinen, koska jo nyt toiminta on moneen muuhun tapahtumatoimijaan verrattuna vastuullista. Työn tutkimuksen perusteella vihreä markkinointi elää uutta aikakauttansa, mutta viherpesu on saanut asiakkaat hyvin epäileväksi. Tutkimuksien mukaan viherpesua on tehnyt yli puolet Euroopassa toimivista yrityksistä. Siksi vasta toimintansa alkuvaiheessa olevalla Satama Areenalla on hyvä mahdollisuus rakentaa toimintansa Euroopan Unionin lähiaikoina toimeenpantavan lainsäädännön mukaiseksi ja ilman viherpesun aiheuttamia mainehaittoja. Ilmastopositiivisen Satama Areenan rakentaminen vaatii huomattavia resursseja. Tätä työtä varten yhtiön täytyisi hankkia lisäresursseja, jotka ovat varattu vastuuttomien asioiden tutkimiseen ja niiden korjaamiseen ja pitää huolen, ettei viherpesua pääse syntymään. Yhtiön kehittäessä toimintoja ja hiilikädenjälkeä tuottamalla yhtiö voidaan saada hiilineutraaliksi ja jopa ilmastopositiiviseksi nopeallakin aikataululla.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2015 FinlandAuthors: Martikainen, Antti;Vesivoimalla on merkittävä rooli pohjoismaisessa sähköntuotantojärjestelmässä. Spot-markkinoille tarjottavan vesivoiman hinta riippuu vaihtoehtoisen tuotannon hinnasta ja odotetusta vesivoimantuottajien käytettävissä olevasta veteen sitoutuneen potentiaalienergian määrästä. Hydrologisella tilanteella tarkoitetaan tässä tämän potentiaalienergian poikkeamaa normaalitasostaan. Viime vuosina tuulivoimatuotanto pohjoismaisella sähkömarkkina-alueella on kasvanut voimakkaasti, ja on tullut aiheelliseksi tarkastella, millaisia vaikutuksia tällä on vesivoimantuottajien toimintaan. Työssä määritellään vesivoimalle vaihtoehtoisen sähköntuotannon tuotantokustannus, joka pitkällä aikavälillä toimii vertailutasona, jonka perusteella vesivoimantuottajat määrittävät markkinoilla tarjontahinnan tuotannolleen. Tarkastellaan, kuinka hydrologisen tilanteen ja vaihtoehtoisen tuotannon tuotantokustannusten muutokset vaikuttavat vesiarvoon, joka on hinta, jolla hintariippuvaista eli säätyvää vesivoimaa tarjotaan spot-markkinoille. Todetaan, että hydrologisen tilanteen vahvistuminen ja vaihtoehtoisen tuotantokustannuksen aleneminen alentavat vesiarvoja. Todetaan lisäksi, että tuulivoima vaikuttaa sähkön hinnanmuodostukseen markkinoilla samankaltaisesti kuin hintariippumaton vesivoimatuotanto. Esitetään aikasarjamalli vesivoimatuotannon hintariippuvuuden mallintamiseksi. Vertaillaan vesivoimatuottajien toimintaa kahdella vesivoimatuotantoa sisältävällä hinta-alueella, joista toisella tuulivoimatuotanto on kasvanut voimakkaammin kuin toisella. Havaitaan, että molemmilla hinta-alueilla hydrologisen tilanteen vahvistuminen on alentanut ja heikkeneminen nostanut vesiarvoja. Lisäksi havaitaan, että alueella, jonka tuulivoimatuotanto on kasvanut enemmän, vesiarvot ovat laskeneet suhteessa alueen, jolla tuulivoimatuotanto on kasvanut vähemmän, vesiarvoihin. Tuulivoiman voidaan todeta syrjäyttäneen markkinoilta tuotantokustannuksiltaan kalliimpaa tuotantoa. Hydropower plays a significant role in the Nordic electric power generation system. The offering price of price-dependent hydropower generation capacity offered to spot markets is dependent on the cost of alternative generation and the expected amount of potential energy contained in water that will be available for hydropower generators to use in the future. In this study hydrological conditions are understood to mean the deviation of this potential energy from its normal value. During recent years wind power generation has rapidly increased in the Nordic market and thus its effect on hydropower generation is analyzed in this thesis. The production cost of power generation alternative to hydropower is defined. Hydropower generators use this cost as a reference as they set their offering price of price-dependent generation capacity on the spot market. The effects of variations in hydrological conditions and the cost of alternative production on water value are studied. Water value is defined as the price at which price dependent hydropower generation capacity is offered to the spot market. It is found that the strengthening of hydrological conditions and the falling of the cost of alternative generation lower water values. Another finding is that wind power generation and non-price dependent hydropower generation have similar effects on the price formation of electric power. A time-series model is presented for modelling the relationship between the capacity and water value of hydropower generation offered to spot markets. The model is used to study this relationship in two hydropower-producing price areas, of which one has seen a large increase in the amount of wind power generation in recent years. The modelling results show that the strengthening of hydrological conditions has led to lower water values in both price areas. The increase in wind power production has likely caused hydropower generators in the price area with a large increase in wind power generation to lower their water values relative to those in the price area with a small increase in wind power generation. From this the conclusion is drawn that wind power has superseded generation with a higher marginal cost in the market.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2015 FinlandAuthors: Martikainen, Antti;Vesivoimalla on merkittävä rooli pohjoismaisessa sähköntuotantojärjestelmässä. Spot-markkinoille tarjottavan vesivoiman hinta riippuu vaihtoehtoisen tuotannon hinnasta ja odotetusta vesivoimantuottajien käytettävissä olevasta veteen sitoutuneen potentiaalienergian määrästä. Hydrologisella tilanteella tarkoitetaan tässä tämän potentiaalienergian poikkeamaa normaalitasostaan. Viime vuosina tuulivoimatuotanto pohjoismaisella sähkömarkkina-alueella on kasvanut voimakkaasti, ja on tullut aiheelliseksi tarkastella, millaisia vaikutuksia tällä on vesivoimantuottajien toimintaan. Työssä määritellään vesivoimalle vaihtoehtoisen sähköntuotannon tuotantokustannus, joka pitkällä aikavälillä toimii vertailutasona, jonka perusteella vesivoimantuottajat määrittävät markkinoilla tarjontahinnan tuotannolleen. Tarkastellaan, kuinka hydrologisen tilanteen ja vaihtoehtoisen tuotannon tuotantokustannusten muutokset vaikuttavat vesiarvoon, joka on hinta, jolla hintariippuvaista eli säätyvää vesivoimaa tarjotaan spot-markkinoille. Todetaan, että hydrologisen tilanteen vahvistuminen ja vaihtoehtoisen tuotantokustannuksen aleneminen alentavat vesiarvoja. Todetaan lisäksi, että tuulivoima vaikuttaa sähkön hinnanmuodostukseen markkinoilla samankaltaisesti kuin hintariippumaton vesivoimatuotanto. Esitetään aikasarjamalli vesivoimatuotannon hintariippuvuuden mallintamiseksi. Vertaillaan vesivoimatuottajien toimintaa kahdella vesivoimatuotantoa sisältävällä hinta-alueella, joista toisella tuulivoimatuotanto on kasvanut voimakkaammin kuin toisella. Havaitaan, että molemmilla hinta-alueilla hydrologisen tilanteen vahvistuminen on alentanut ja heikkeneminen nostanut vesiarvoja. Lisäksi havaitaan, että alueella, jonka tuulivoimatuotanto on kasvanut enemmän, vesiarvot ovat laskeneet suhteessa alueen, jolla tuulivoimatuotanto on kasvanut vähemmän, vesiarvoihin. Tuulivoiman voidaan todeta syrjäyttäneen markkinoilta tuotantokustannuksiltaan kalliimpaa tuotantoa. Hydropower plays a significant role in the Nordic electric power generation system. The offering price of price-dependent hydropower generation capacity offered to spot markets is dependent on the cost of alternative generation and the expected amount of potential energy contained in water that will be available for hydropower generators to use in the future. In this study hydrological conditions are understood to mean the deviation of this potential energy from its normal value. During recent years wind power generation has rapidly increased in the Nordic market and thus its effect on hydropower generation is analyzed in this thesis. The production cost of power generation alternative to hydropower is defined. Hydropower generators use this cost as a reference as they set their offering price of price-dependent generation capacity on the spot market. The effects of variations in hydrological conditions and the cost of alternative production on water value are studied. Water value is defined as the price at which price dependent hydropower generation capacity is offered to the spot market. It is found that the strengthening of hydrological conditions and the falling of the cost of alternative generation lower water values. Another finding is that wind power generation and non-price dependent hydropower generation have similar effects on the price formation of electric power. A time-series model is presented for modelling the relationship between the capacity and water value of hydropower generation offered to spot markets. The model is used to study this relationship in two hydropower-producing price areas, of which one has seen a large increase in the amount of wind power generation in recent years. The modelling results show that the strengthening of hydrological conditions has led to lower water values in both price areas. The increase in wind power production has likely caused hydropower generators in the price area with a large increase in wind power generation to lower their water values relative to those in the price area with a small increase in wind power generation. From this the conclusion is drawn that wind power has superseded generation with a higher marginal cost in the market.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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