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Epipactis is a well-known orchid genus, represented by approximately 72 species and nothospecies (species of hybrid origin) distributed across Europe, eastward through Asia to Japan, and southward to tropical Africa. Epipactis are rewarding species that attract and recompense pollinating insects with their abundant, nourishing nectar, secreted in the hypochile (sometimes called the nectar cup). The most important purpose of nectar is to attract pollinators and, since insects love sugary foods that give lots of energy, its main ingredient is sugar (in the form of glucose, fructose and saccharose). Apart from sugars, nectar also contains amino acids, lipids and organic acids, as well as various vitamins, enzymes, antioxidants and minerals. However, the nectar of some species of Epipactis is unusual. In 1971, Bell had suggested that the plants secrete hallucinogenic or narcotic substances, causing an addiction in their pollinators and in 1988, Müller analysed the nectar of Epipactis helleborine and discovered that it contained an ethanol concentration as high as 0.02%. The article describes in detail the pollination of Epipactis orchids and the addiction caused by their narcotic nectar to the insect (pollinators and visitors).

In this issue we address the practice of rainwater harvesting in different settings, presenting experiences from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Paraguay. Some of the papers were originally presented at the IX International Meeting of the WATERLAT-GOBACIT Network“Water, Rights, and Utopias: priorities in the process of democratization of water politics“, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil, 3-7 September 2018. Article 1 was authored by David Sauri, from the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain, co-editor of this issue. The article provides an overall introduction to the topic of rainwater harvesting. Article 2, by Martin Sanzana Calvet, Institute of Strategic Studies for Human Development (INEDH), Concepción, Bio-Bio, Chile, addresses the practice of fog catching in arid and semi arid regions of Chile. In Article 3, Daniel Tagle-Zamora, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, presents findings from research on the implementation of public policies oriented at the provision of rainwater catchment technologies, mostly for domestic use ,in several municipalities of the semi arid State of Guanajuato, Mexico. Article 4 was co-authored by Roberto de Sousa Miranda, Federal University of the interior of Pernambuco and Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil, and Laiany Tassila Ferreira, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.The article discusses the implementation of a national plan to provide rainwater cisterns in the semi arid region of North eastern Brazil, with emphasis on the experience of the State of Paraiba. Finally, Article 5, by Ana Maria Attias Sole and Ricardo Lombardo Lopez, from the North-eastern National University, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina, provides an overview of the historic legacy of water practices and technologies inherited fromthe“syncretism”between indigenous communities (Tupi-Guarani), and the Jesuit territorial expansion that took place between the early seventeenth and the mid eighteenth centuries in a large region of South America encompassing parts of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The article focuses mainly on examples from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, and provides insights into the significance of historical-cultural research in the production of knowledge about rainwater technologies and the associated culture and practices, which also contributes to our network’s Thematic Area 7, Water-related Art, Communication, Culture, and Education.

Currently 84\% of the world's energy matrix comes from the burning of fossil fuels, production system that cause social and environmental problems in the vulnerable regions. The situation has forced a rethinking of the global energy model, pointing to renewable sources as the ideal substitute for the current production system. Bioenergy contributes to the diversification of the energy matrix without increasing the emissions that accelerate climate change. It is obtained from materials derived from biological sources, such as crop residues of agricultural processes. These materials contain an important calorific value that can be used for the generation of electrical energy and/or the production of biofuel. Through the patentometric study for the period 2013 -- 2018, the technological trend was determined in the inventions related to biodiésel, bioethanol and biogas, in order to obtain a global panorama of bioenergy; generating productivity indicators according to year, country, institution and International Patent Classification (IPC) codes. China is identified as a leader in technological innovations in biodiésel and biogas. While the United States leads the patent registry in the production of bioethanol.

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Decomposition of the stocks returns in the sustainable index of the mexican stock exchange. Revista Mexicana de Econom\u00eda y Finanzas, 10(1), 87-100. https://bit.ly/3rUOYzk", "Verheyden, T., Eccles, R., & Feiner, A. (2016, July 11). ESG for All? The Impact of ESG Screening on Return, Risk, and Diversification. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 28(2), 47-55. https://bit.ly/3yIuCxe"]} Resumen Las empresas participan en actividades ESG para lograr mayores rendimientos financieros y señalar el cumplimiento en el mercado. El vínculo entre ESG y rendimiento de la acción bursátil de la empresa aún no está bien establecido porque la literatura está llena de resultados contradictorios y paradojas. Este estudio se realiza con el objetivo de presentar las contribuciones teóricas y empíricas que tienen por objeto de estudio evaluar el rendimiento ajustado al riesgo de la inversión ESG, para ello se consideran investigaciones a nivel global, las cuales son recuperadas en las principales bases de datos. Los resultados indican que las investigaciones en su mayoría son aplicadas para mercados financieros desarrollados, son escasas las investigaciones en los mercados emergentes. El tema del rendimiento de la inversión ESG al ser comparada con la inversión convencional presenta resultados heterogéneos, hay quienes indican que la inversión ESG paga una prima, hay otros que encuentran que la inversión ESG presenta mayores rendimientos que la inversión convencional y finalmente hay un grupo que indica que la inversión ESG al ser comparada con la convencional tienen el mismo rendimiento. Abstract Companies engage in ESG activities to achieve higher financial returns and signal compliance in the marketplace. The link between ESG and company stock performance is not yet well established because the literature is full of contradictory results and paradoxes. This study is carried out with the objective of presenting the theoretical and empirical contributions whose object of study is to evaluate the risk-adjusted performance of ESG investment, for which global research is considered, which is retrieved in the main databases. The results indicate that most of the research is carried out for developed financial markets, while research in emerging markets is scarce. The issue of ESG investment performance when compared to conventional investment presents heterogeneous results, there are those who indicate that ESG investment pays a premium, there are others who find that ESG investment presents higher returns than conventional investment and finally there is a group which indicates that the ESG investment, when compared to the conventional one, has the same performance. Ponencia presentada en el Primer Congreso Internacional Multidisciplinario "Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación: Una mirada multidisciplinaria a los desafíos globales de la Agenda 2030", del 13 al 15 de octubre de 2022.

English: The purpose of the work was to provide a description of the processes that occur once the fermentation of cocoa beans occurs. The variables that influence during this stage and the information gaps that lead to the development of new research in this field were identified. Yeast activity is of special interest during the first 48 h since ethanol production is associated with the sensory traits that the grain will finally present. The variables that most affect alcoholic fermentation are temperature and oxygen supply; in this sense, the recommendation is to use square-shaped containers and do the first removal of the grains at the end of the 48 h period. Additionally, a waiting time for the pod should be considered to raise the temperature and accelerate their rise during the first two days. Español: El propósito del trabajo fue brindar una descripción de los procesos que se producen una vez que ocurre la fermentación de las semillas de cacao. Se identificaron las variables que influyen durante esta etapa y los vacíos de información que conducen al desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones en este campo. La actividad de las levaduras es de especial interés durante las primeras 48 h, dado que la producción de etanol está asociada con los rasgos sensoriales que finalmente presentará el grano. Las variables que más afectan la fermentación alcohólica son la temperatura y el suministro de oxígeno; en este sentido, la recomendación es utilizar contenedores de forma cuadrada y hacer la primera remoción de los granos al finalizar el período de las 48 h. Adicionalmente, se debe considerar un tiempo de espera de las mazorcas para elevar la temperatura y acelerar su ascenso durante los primeros dos días.

Olive cultivation is an activity that has been present in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula since ancient times. The way in which agricultural activities take place in the olive farms is a reflects the relationship between society and nature. However, these relationships are complex and there is no single form of connection between society and nature, but rather a dependence on both the natural and socio-economic context in which they develop. The society-nature relationship is influenced, on the one hand, by the social and economic framework in which it operates and, on the other hand, by physical and biological processes that determine how the transformations of natural resources are carried out. Understanding these interactions has required the development of a conceptual framework based on the ontological foundation of critical realism. This has allowed the integration, from the point of view of the complexity and transdisciplinarity, of different theoretical approaches that are related to the ecological economics. The aim of this investigation was the analysis of interactions between energy, material and economic processes in the agricultural system of the olive grove that, on the one hand, are conditioned by the natural characteristics of the territory and, on the other hand, driven by the social institutions involved in its development. The hypothesis assumes that currently an incipient change of energy consumption pattern exits, and consists in reducing the intensity of energy and material consumption in the society-nature relationship. The design of a consistent methodological approach that combines methodologies in a pluralistic framework through a relational link has allowed the integration of positivist and hermeneutic analysis tools for the representation of reality in its various dimensions. The results have confirmed the existence of an emerging trend, although minor and limited to certain processes of modernization, by which increased consumption of fossil energy is stopped and replaced by the use of renewable energy, while increases in production are achieved.

The purpose of this report, firstly, is to deepen our understanding of the European food manufacturing firms, identifying what their main characteristics are in terms of size, profitability, sales volume, geographical distribution and their evolution in the last ten years. Secondly, this report aims to assess the environmental sustainability of European food manufacturing firms, and thirdly, to understand the scope of their international operations. Industries in the food manufacturing subsector transform livestock and agricultural products into products for intermediate or final consumption. The industry groups are distinguished by the raw materials (generally of animal or vegetable origin) processed into food products. The food products manufactured in these establishments are typically sold to wholesalers or retailers for distribution to consumers. As classified under North American Industry Classification System (NAICS 311), the Food Manufacturing sector, consists of nine subsectors. This publication has been funded by the project ECO2016-75909-P, PID2019-106725GB-I00, PID2019-107767GA-I00 to MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento/ Proyecto A-SEJ-291-UGR18.

The Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park is located in the axial zone of the Central Pyrenees. It is the highest aquifer in Western Europe and is a protected area of international importance. Water is a key element for geodiversity and biodiversity. In the framework of the PIRAGUA research project, within the INTERREG POCTEFA program, the Spanish Geological and Mining Institute has evaluated the effect of climate change on the water resources of the National Park. To this end, numerical models have been developed to estimate the recharge to the aquifer based on the most likely scenarios of climate change. The joint analysis of the available scientific data allows several conclusions to be drawn: The increase in temperature and the decrease in snow cover caused by climate change significantly affect the quantity and quality of water. Recharge to aquifers decreases, due to less snow cover and less infiltration of water from snowmelt, causing a lower flow in springs such as the Cola de Caballo, during low water. This insufficient flow increases the concentration of pollutants. It aggravates the effects on water quality in aquifers, which are highly vulnerable due to the rapid velocities and short transit times of groundwater. These results will make it possible to propose management and adaptation measures to minimize the effects of climate change in such an emblematic and unique natural area as the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park. The video aims to present the scientific results obtained from the project to the general public. To this end, the presentation has been approached from a pleasant and intelligible perspective, facilitating the understanding of the concepts and ideas presented, without needing to be an expert. To facilitate the dissemination of the informative video, it has been published, in Spanish with subtitled versions in French and English, on the YouTube channel of the Spanish Geological and Mining Institute (IGME-CSIC), which is publicly accessible. The video has also been publicized on the social networks of both IGME-CSIC and the PIRAGUA project partners. Due to its entertaining and informative content, the video has been selected and presented by the Ministry of Ecological Transition at the Spanish Pavilion of the 9th World Water Forum, which took place on 21-26 March 2022 in Senegal.