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Results of many years of introduction research on Panicum virgatum L. (Poaceae) in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine are presented. The biomorphological characteristics, biochemical composition of the plant, crop yield of the above ground plant mass and seed are determined. The yield of valuable compounds and energy efficiency of the crop are identified. High-yield forms with assigned features of crop yield, sugar content of plant biomass, total energy yield and biofuel output per one square unit are created. We proved that in the condition of crop introduction almost all forms of Panicum virgatum undergo full cycle of plant development – from the seed to the seed during one growing season, starting from the first-year. A phase of a seed maturation in the early developed plant forms begins in the third decade of September, in late developed forms until the middle of October, some forms have their growing season until the beginning of winter frosting. The major morphological features of plants are dependent on the forms and crops variations and ripening phase. Total harvest of the above ground mass and general output of the plant up till the flowering phase increases, where at the end of growing season decreases. We showed that plant forms with retard development had a high yield of above-ground mass for 58.0–115.6 % greater than the early developed plants. Increment in the dry matter content of plants from tiller to seed ripening phase is demonstrated. However, the percentage of sugars, ascorbic acid, carotene, and lipids is diminished. During the same growing season we did not observe any correlation between lignin and fiber accumulation. Similar results were acquired for the heat capacity harvest of above ground mass. High-yield Panicum virgatum crop provide substantial output of the dry mass, ethanol, and energy throughout all development phases of the plant. Among studied plant samples the top productivity was supplied by Zoryane cultivar.

The subject of the study is a set of theoretical and methodological, scientific and practical provisions for the formation of a methodology for managing the financing of innovative projects of enterprises. The purpose of the study is to develop on the basis of an integrated approach methodology for managing the financing of innovative projects of enterprises, to determine its content and parametric characteristics. Research methods. In order to comply with the conceptual integrity of scientific development, the dialectical method of scientific cognition, as well as empirical–theoretical and formal–logical principles were used. Results of work. According to the results of the study, a scientific and methodological mechanism of risk management of financing innovative energy saving projects on the basis of compensatory technology and the issuance of municipal bonds is proposed. Field of application of results. The presented developments should be implemented in the construction industry, namely in the implementation of innovative projects in the process of implementing energy saving measures, energy audits and energy certification of buildings. Conclusions. The study outlines the main provisions of the methodology for managing the financing of innovative projects of enterprises on the basis of an integration approach, developed its content and parametric characteristics. Based on a comparative analysis of scientific approaches to providing financial resources for innovative projects, a scientific and methodological mechanism of risk management of financing energy saving projects is proposed, which, unlike existing ones, involves attracting investment resources through compensatory technology «Tax Increment Financing» or municipal bond issue.

Analysis of energy efficiency problems has revealed growth of world's energy consumption while the use of petroleum products decreases suggesting that petroleum products are replaced with other energy sources and global economic crises. World’s energy consumption grows constant growth and according to the forecast it will continue grow in future. The use of coal, natural gas, biofuels and waste in the world will increase, as well as energy from wind, solar and other energy sources, including in agriculture and forestry. The use of fuel and electricity on farms is as critical for sustainable development and energy saving as the use of soil and water. Energy efficiency is an integral part of sustainable agriculture. Progress in energy efficiency, which is already lagging behind, faces further setbacks due to Covid-19 pandemic. Energy consumption in agriculture is only a small share of total final energy consumption in Europe. Moreover, energy consumption in agriculture has declined rapidly over the last 20 years. However, there is a significant difference among EU member states. There is no single solution to increase energy efficiency in agriculture. In Ukraine, the consumption of renewable energy sources and biofuels in agriculture and forestry shows increase. Ukraine is reducing agricultural production slowly and unevenly while switching to biofuels and almost not switching to alternative energy sources and replacing it with anthracite or biofuels due to the rising cost of natural gas. Significant potential for reducing the energy intensity of Ukraine's GDP lies in improving the energy efficiency of agricultural industry, but the realization of this potential is complicated by industry-specific shortcomings: high energy consumption of prosecution, which reduces competitiveness of products in the market; low energy efficiency of labor, which does not correspond to the current level of development of agricultural technologies and equipment.

Objective – to reveal the direction of the shift in the timing of the beginning of flowering of tree species in the conditions of the dendropark under the influence of changes in climatic conditions in the period 2008–2017 vs 1960–1969 as well as to conduct a comparative analysis of different methods of selecting of temperature indexes during recalculating of positive temperatures into effective ones and to determine the effect of individual winterspring months on the phenodata of the onset of the flowering of the species. Material and methods. The subject of the researches – three groups of species of woody plants that differ in terms of flowering: with the beginning of flowering in March–April, May and June. To characterize the thermal regime of the periods studied were used the air temperature parameters of Prilukskoy meteorological station. Data processing was carried out using the computer program “Excel”. Observation of the phenological phases of development of woody plants in the period 2008–2017 were conducted as per method of L.S. Plotnikova (1972). The statistical data processing of these phenological observations was carried out according to the method of G.N. Zaitsev (1981) in the modification of V.I. Ivlev (2014). Results. The conducted researches established that over the past 10 years in Chernigov region the annual air temperature has changed towards warming: the average annual air temperature increased by 1.8 °C, in winter – by 2.7 °C, in spring – by 2.4 °C, in summer – by 1, 6 °C, in autumn – by 0.7 °C. The greatest warming was observed in March – by 3.9 °C. The increasing in air temperature leads to the movement of the beginning of flowering in the direction of acceleration, which in the dendropark conditions varies within 2–15 days. The optimal option for recalculation of positive temperatures into effective ones is the formation of the sum of effective temperatures by a smooth mathematical function. A close inverse correlation was found between the sums of the effective temperatures in some months and their combinations and the phenodata of the beginning of the flowering of tree species. Conclusions. An analysis of the results shows that the formation of the sum of the effective temperatures necessary for the blooming of the species occurs from the beginning of the year. The greatest influence is manifested in the month preceding the month of flowering of the species.

Deliverable D1.2 - Didactic materials of the course Social and environmental accounting, sustainability reporting. Project “EU BEST PRACTICE OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING” 101047667 — EULASTING — ERASMUS-JMO-2021-HEI-TCH-RSCH https://bit.ly/3Bbvquw Pasko O. (2022) Social, environmental accounting and sustainability reporting [Electronic resource]: Lecture notes for Master and PhD students of the Faculty of Economics and Management, special. 071 Accounting and taxation and 073 – Management / Oleh Pasko; Sumy National Agrarian University. – Electronic text data. – Sumy: SNAU, 2022. – 167 p. – Access mode: https://zenodo.org/deposit/7262949 free (access date: dd.mm.yyyy). – Title from the screen. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7262949

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The subject of the research is the infrastructure objects of the settlements of Ukraine, namely the energy supply systems (heat, gas and electricity supply) both traditional and alternative. The purpose of the study is to determine the priority of the use of various fuels: traditional and alternative, as well as the impact of their combustion products on the environment to justify the ways and tools of renovation of housing and communal services of Ukraine. Research methods. When writing the article, general scientific and special methods of research of physical and economic phenomena concerning the functioning and strategy of development of the fuel and energy complex of the state were used. Results of work. Replacement of the main fuel – natural gas – for the needs of heat sources, electricity alternative gives imaginary savings of local budgets in terms of decentralization of public administration (due to the difference in prices of natural gas and other fossil fuels). At the same time, only such measures pose a number of other problems. Increasing environmental pollution is one of them. Legislative support, tariff policy, requirements of current regulations in Ukraine on environmental safety, production, supply of heat and electricity to end users are analyzed. In accordance with them, the replacement of natural gas with alternative fuels is considered. The projected cost of energy received, emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere are calculated. The values of emission indicators are obtained, which are based on data on the physicochemical composition and consumption of each of the fuels, taking into account the characteristics of combustion processes and measures to reduce emissions of a particular ingredient. A comparative analysis of fuels in relation to the environmental impact of combustion products, as well as directly the cost of the fuels themselves. Field of application of results. Ecology, housing and communal services, fuel and energy complex. Conclusions. In rural areas, by converting waste from agricultural production and wood processing as a secondary raw material into quality biofuels, it is advisable to introduce the replacement of traditional natural gas with alternative fuels. In urban settlements, the implementation of measures to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings and structures may reduce the consumption of traditional natural gas, and the savings can be used, for example, for thermal modernization of their outer shell. This will allow to leave as the main fossil fuel for the needs of district heating the cheapest and most environmentally friendly – natural gas.

The article deals with two main tasks related to the problem of creating new energy-efficient technologies and equipment for obtaining high-quality seeds of cereals. The presented technology of drying seeds of cereals is based on the implementation of the principles of obtaining heat from alternative energy sources, as well as the generation of heat energy through the utilization of heat from waste drying agent in multi-zone drying plants. When studying heat losses for drying in the existing types of grain dryers, it turned out that they all consume more heat than it is required. They implement the principle of high-temperature drying of grain with subsequent cooling, which justifies itself when drying grain for food purposes, but it cannot be realized with heat treatment of grain seeds. The thermal balance of the mine grain dryer is presented, and heat losses in the process of drying are analyzed to work out measures to reduce specific heat losses for the process. The comparison of energy efficient drying technology according to heat losses indicates a large gap in heat losses between the existing technologies. One of the directions of energy-efficient drying of grain crops is a heat pump that can use various sources of energy in a complex way, as well as the possibility of designing schemes for drying and cooling at different temperatures in various zones of grain dryers. The scheme of a grain dryer with a heat generator from a heat pump indicates an increase in the intensity of low temperature drying of grain due to the decrease of air humidity. Experimental studies of the kinetics of drying rapeseeds in a mine heat pump plant showed an increase in the intensity of the process by 15% compared with the drying on electric heaters. In a dryer with a heat pump of periodic action, specific losses of drying equal 3700 kJ/kg of evaporated moisture, which meets the requirements of heat consumption during seeds drying. The implementation of low-temperature drying modes allows maintaining high quality of the seed material and indicates the expediency of using heat pumps.