• Energy Research
• 2016-2025close
• 3. Good health close
• 4. Education close
• ZENODO close

DataForAssessingSeasonalEffectsOnElectricityAndWaterForRepositoryThis Excel file contains data used to conduct a seasonal analysis to assess whether seasonal patterns exist in electricity use in dorms and whether these patterns differ by latitude. The first worksheet contains metadata.Fall 2010 Campus Conservation Nationals surveyThis online survey was administered to students attending colleges who participated in the Fall 2010 Campus Conservation Nationals competition. Not all schools who participated in the competition administered the survey.CCN_F10_survey.pdfSpring 2012 Campus Conservation Nationals surveyThis online survey was administered to students attending colleges who participated in the Spring 2012 Campus Conservation Nationals competition. Not all schools who participated in the competition administered the survey.CCN_Spring12_survey.pdfFall 10 Campus Conservation Nationals electricity, water, webhit, and commitment dataThis data file contains data at the dorm level collected by Lucid before, during, and after the Fall 2010 CCN competition. The first sheet contains metadata defining all variable names.Fall10_CCN_elec_water_webhits_commitments.xlsxSpring 2012 Campus Conservation Nationals electricity, water, and commitment dataThis data file contains data at the dorm level collected by Lucid before, during, and after the Spring 2012 CCN competition. The first sheet contains metadata defining all variable names.Spring12_CCN_elec_water_commitments_no.xlsxFall 10 CCN data aggregated at dorm level with psychological variablesThis data file contains data at the dorm level collected from our online survey and merged with the resource use data. The first sheet contains metadata defining all variable names.Fall10_CCN_dormagg_with_psych_variables.xlsxSpring 2012 CCN data with psychological variablesThis data file contains data at the dorm level collected from our online survey and merged with the resource use data. The first sheet contains metadata defining all variable names.Spring12__CCN_dormagg_with_psych_variables.xlsx “Campus Conservation Nationals” (CCN) is a recurring, nation-wide electricity and water-use reduction competition among dormitories on college campuses. We conducted a two year empirical study of the competition’s effects on resource consumption and the relationship between conservation, use of web technology and various psychological measures. Significant reductions in electricity and water use occurred during the two CCN competitions examined (n = 105,000 and 197,000 participating dorm residents respectively). In 2010, overall reductions during the competition were 4% for electricity and 6% for water. The top 10% of dorms achieved 28% and 36% reductions in electricity and water respectively. Participation was larger in 2012 and reductions were slightly smaller (i.e. 3% electricity). The fact that no seasonal pattern in electricity use was evident during non-competition periods suggests that results are attributable to the competition. Post competition resource use data collected in 2012 indicates that conservation behavior was sustained beyond the competition. Surveys were used to assess psychological and behavioral responses (n = 2,900 and 2,600 in 2010 and 2012 respectively). Electricity reductions were significantly correlated with: web visitation, specific conservation behaviors, awareness of the competition, motivation and sense of empowerment. However, participants were significantly more motivated than empowered. Perceived benefits of conservation were skewed towards global and future concerns while perceived barriers tended to be local. Results also suggest that competitions may be useful for “preaching beyond the choir” – engaging those who might lack prior intrinsic or political motivation. Although college life is distinct, certain conclusions related to competitions, self-efficacy, and motivation and social norms likely extend to other residential settings.

Description of the four files: contacts.xlsx List of detected contacts for the three case studies pymol_files_case_study_1.zip Contains files in PDB format of the analyzed structures, and files in PML format used to display visualizations in the PyMOL tool for the case study 1: comparison between contacts of myoglobin against hemoglobin pymol_files_case_study_2.zip Contains files in PDB format of the analyzed structures, and files in PML format used to display visualizations in the PyMOL tool for the case study 2: comparison between contacts of RBDs of SARS-CoV-1 vs. SARS-CoV-2 both complexed with the cell receptor ACE2 pymol_files_case_study_3.zip Contains files in PDB format of the analyzed structures, and files in PML format used to display visualizations in the PyMOL tool for the case study 3: comparison between contacts of glucose-tolerant vs. non-tolerant β-glucosidases

Nearly three billion people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rely on polluting fuels, resulting in millions of avoidable deaths annually. Polluting fuels also emit short-lived climate forcers and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and grid-based electricity are scalable alternatives to polluting fuels but have raised climate and health concerns. Here, we compare emissions and climate impacts of a business-as-usual household cooking fuel trajectory to four large-scale transitions to gas and/or grid electricity in 77 LMICs. We account for upstream and end-use emissions from gas and electric cooking, assuming electrical grids evolve according to the 2022 World Energy Outlook’s “Stated Policies” Scenario. We input the emissions into a reduced-complexity climate model to estimate radiative forcing and temperature changes associated with each scenario. We find full transitions to LPG and/or electricity decrease emissions from both well-mixed GHG and short-lived climate forcers, resulting in a roughly 5 millikelvin global temperature reduction by 2040. Transitions to LPG and/or electricity also reduce annual emissions of PM2.5 by over 6 Mt (99%) by 2040, which would substantially lower health risks from Household Air Pollution. Primary input data was collected from the following sources: Baseline household fuel choices - WHO household energy database (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26036-x) End-use emissions - US EPA lifecycle assessment of household fuels (https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=339679&Lab=NRMRL&simplesearch=0&showcriteria=2&sortby=pubDate&timstype=Published+Report&datebeginpublishedpresented) Upstream emissions - Argonne National Labs GREET Model (https://greet.es.anl.gov/index.php) Current and future population estimates - UNECA (http://data.un.org/Explorer.aspx?d=EDATA) Input data was processed by defining household fuel choice scenarios, estimating national household fuel consumption based on these scenarios, and applying fuel-specific emission factors to create country-specific emission pathways. These emission pathways were input into the FaIR model (https://zenodo.org/record/5513022#.Yt_jfHbMLb0) which generated additional data for each scenario including time series of pollution concentrations, radiative forcing, and temperature changes. All data is provided in CSV format. Nothing proprietary is required. 

Variation in food resources can result in dramatic fluctuations in the body condition of animals dependent on those resources. Decreases in body mass can disrupt patterns of energy allocation and impose stress, thereby altering immune function. In this study we investigated links between changes in body mass of captive cane toads (Rhinella marina), their circulating white blood cell populations, and their performance in immune assays. Captive toads that lost weight over a 3-month period had increased levels of monocytes and heterophils and reduced levels of eosinophils. Basophil and lymphocyte levels were unrelated to changes in mass. Because individuals that lost mass had higher heterophil levels but stable lymphocyte levels, the ratio of these cell types was also higher, partially consistent with a stress response. Phagocytic ability of whole blood was higher in toads that lost mass, due to increased circulating levels of phagocytic cells. Other measures of immune performance were unrelated to mass change. These results highlight the challenges faced by invasive species as they expand their range into novel environments which may impose substantial seasonal changes in food availability that were not present in the native range. Individuals facing energy restrictions may shift their immune function towards more economical and general avenues of combating pathogens.

Code and data for the paper "Carbon neutrality should not be the end goal: Lessons for institutional climate action from U.S. higher education" File descriptions: 'HEI_analysis_OneEarth.Rmd' is the code with improved annotation and colorblind-friendly figures. All other data files are provided as excel and csv for convenience. 'working_master_data' contains data from the Second Nature reporting platform on emissions by category for each institution analyzed in the paper (measured in metric tons). All adjustments necessary to fill in the data gaps in this file are documented at the beginning of 'HEI_analysis'. 'offsets' contains data on the type(s) of offsets purchased by each school in their carbon neutral year (measured in metric tons). This data was assembled from a variety of sources which are documented at the beginning of 'HEI_analysis'. 'carbon_neutral_years' contains yearly counts of higher education neutrality goals that were reported to Second Nature as of November 2020.

{"references": ["Liu, Z., Ciais, P., Deng, Z., Lei, R., Davis, S. J., Feng, S., Zheng, B., Cui, D., Dou, X., Zhu, B., Guo, R., Ke, P., Sun, T., Lu, C., He, P., Wang, Y., Yue, X., Wang, Y., Lei, Y., Zhou, H., Cai, Z., Wu, Y., Guo, R., Han, T., Xue, J., Boucher, O., Boucher, E., Chevallier, F., Tanaka, K., Wei, Y., Zhong, H., Kang, C., Zhang, N., Chen, B., Xi, F., Liu, M., Br\u00e9on, F.-M., Lu, Y., Zhang, Q., Guan, D., Gong, P., Kammen, D. M., He, K. & Schellnhuber, H. J. (2020). Near-real-time monitoring of global CO2 emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Communications 11, 5172 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18922-7", "Meinshausen, M., Smith, S. J., Calvin, K., Daniel, J. S., Kainuma, M. L. T., Lamarque, J. F., Matsumoto, K., Montzka, S. A., Raper, S. C. B., Riahi, K., Thomson, A., Velders, G. J. M., & van Vuuren, D. P. (2011). The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300. Climatic Change, 109(1\u20132), 213\u2013241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z", "Moss, R. H., Edmonds, J. A., Hibbard, K. A., Manning, M. R., Rose, S. K., van Vuuren, D. P., Carter, T. R., Emori, S., Kainuma, M., Kram, T., Meehl, G. A., Mitchell, J. F. B., Nakicenovic, N., Riahi, K., Smith, S. J., Stouffer, R. J., Thomson, A. M., Weyant, J. P. & Wilbanks, T. J. (2010). The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature, 463(7282), 747\u2013756. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08823", "Myhre, G., Highwood, E. J., Shine, K. P., & Stordal, F. (1998). New estimates of radiative forcing due to well mixed greenhouse gases. Geophysical Research Letters, 25(14), 2715\u20132718. https://doi.org/10.1029/98gl01908", "Strassmann, K. M. and Joos, F. (2018). The Bern Simple Climate Model (BernSCM) v1.0: an extensible and fully documented open-source re-implementation of the Bern reduced-form model for global carbon cycle\u2013climate simulations, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1887\u20131908, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1887-2018", "Thomas, M. A., and Lin, T. (2018). A dual model for emulation of thermosteric and dynamic sea-level change. Climatic Change, 148(1\u20132), 311\u2013324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2198-y"]} Supplementary materials for Gonzalez, A. R., & Lin, T. (2022). Translated Emission Pathways (TEPs): Long-Term Simulations of COVID-19 CO2 Emissions and Thermosteric Sea Level Rise Projections. Earth's Future. In Press. Summary: This study introduces climate science to a broader audience by presenting an accessible research framework and environmental data related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A series of translated emission pathways (TEPs) were constructed based on the CO2 emission patterns from the various phases of COVID-19 response. In addition to resembling the forcing scenarios used within climate research, a thermosteric sea level rise analysis was incorporated to further emphasize the environmental benefits that can be obtained from long-term sustainability. As a promising start for including the general public in climate change discussion, this research promotes collective environmental action that mirrors the recommendations of the scientific community. We acknowledge the Carbon Monitor initiative (Liu et al., 2020) for providing the COVID-19 CO2 sectoral emission data used to construct the proposed TEPs. In addition, we acknowledge the developers of the BernSCM (Strassmann and Joos, 2018) that was utilized in this study to relate TEP CO2 emissions to their respective CO2 atmospheric concentrations. Furthermore, we thank the Texas Tech University McNair Scholars Program and the Multi-Hazard Sustainability (HazSus) research group for guidance and support throughout the course of this study. Analyses presented herein were performed using the RedRaider computing cluster at Texas Tech University. We thank the team at the High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) for their generous support. In addition, the equipment support from the Vice President for Research & Innovation for T.L.'s HazSus Research Group is gratefully acknowledged.

{"references": ["T Gopinathan, K P Arul Shri: Simulation of Recharging Battery of the\nPacemaker using Piezoelectric Crystal from the Pulse in Aorta, Thesis,\nDec 2011.", "H.W. Ko: US Patent 3456134A: Piezoelectric Energy Converter for\nElectronic Implants, 1969.", "A. Badel: R\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d'Energie et Contr\u00f4le Vibratoire par El\u00e9ments\nPi\u00e9zo\u00e9lectriques Suivant une Approche Non Lin\u00e9aire, Ph.D. Thesis,\nUniversit\u00e9 de Savoie, 2008.", "M. Deterre: Toward an Energy Harvester for Leadless Pacemakers,\nPh.D. Thesis, Paris-Sud Univ. 2013.", "N. Andrew: Redington,CardiacDept, Brompton Hospital, Fulham Road,\nLondon SW3 6HP, in press.", "R. White, G. Savage, M. Zdeblick: US Patent 7729768 B2: Implantable\nCardiac Motion Powered Piezoelectric Energy Source.", "S. Priya, D.J. Inman: Energy Harvesting Technologies.", "N. Bassiri-Gharb : Piezoelectric Mems: Materials and Devices,\nPiezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications, A.\nSafari, E.K. Akdogan, eds., Springer US, 2008, pp. 413\u2013430.", "W. Clark, C. Mo : Energy Harvesting Technologies, Ch.16, pp.405-430,\nS. Priya, D.J. Inman eds., Springer, 2009.\n[10] M. Deterre, E. Lefeuvre, E. Dufour-Gergam : An Active Piezoelectric\nEnergy Extraction Method for Pressure Energy Harvesting, Smart\nMaterials and Structures, Vol.21(8), 085004, 2012.\n[11] M.A. Karami, D.J. Inman: Powering Pacemakers from Heartbeat\nVibrations Using Linear and Nonlinear Energy Harvesters, Appl. Phys.\nLett. 100, 042901 (2012), in press.\n[12] S.R Anton, H.A Sodano : A Review of Power Harvesting Using\nPiezoelectric Materials (2003\u20132006), Smart Materials and Structures,\nVol.16(3), R1, 2007."]} Present project consists in a study and a development of piezoelectric devices for supplying power to new generation pacemakers. They are miniaturized leadless implants without battery placed directly in right ventricle. Amongst different acceptable energy sources in cardiac environment, we choose the solution of a device based on conversion of the energy produced by pressure variation inside the heart into electrical energy. The proposed energy harvesters can meet the power requirements of pacemakers, and can be a good solution to solve the problem of regular surgical operation. With further development, proposed device should provide enough energy to allow pacemakers autonomy, and could be good candidate for next pacemaker generation.

The purposes of this study were to: 1) create and develop effective doctoral learning module on leading student’s development program to enhance critical thinking for thesis writing and 2) evaluate the developed module on its efficiency and effectiveness- its congruence of utility, possibility, and appropriateness, learning achievement of learners, learning retention, and the learners’ satisfaction. Samples were 4 Doctoral degree students in Educational Administration and Development and Leadership program, Northeastern University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. Statistics used were percentage, mean, standard deviation, effectiveness index, and t-test. The results were: 1) The developed module on learning activity management of leading teachers in simulation situation had 16 Modules: (1.1) Survey of former experience (1.2) Collaboration in planning (1.3) The development of creative students’ conception (1.4) The application of thinking approach (1.5) Practice in classroom (1.6) Supervision, follow up, and evaluation (1.7) Feedback and reinforcement (1.8) Seminar for enhancing strength, publication cased studies and (1.9) Reflection learning. 2) The efficiency and effectiveness of the developed module were: (2.1) The efficiency of 85.46 (E1) /82.59 (E2) which were higher than the committed 80/80 standard, (2.2) The congruence of utility, possibility, and appropriateness were in the highest level ( = 4.69, SD = 0.42), (2.3) The effectiveness index was 0.7465 which meant students gained more knowledge of 74.65%, (2.4) The students had significantly higher learning achievement after learning via the module at the level of 0.01, (2.5) There was no significant differences of learning achievement between after learning and after learning for two weeks which mean the students’ learning retention, and (2.6) The students had satisfaction on the developed module in the highest level ( = 4.65, SD = 0.41), and all pass skill program of learners module in the excellence( ( = 2.53, SD = 0.21).