• Energy Research
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Currently almost all energy is provided by fossil fuels that increase greenhouse gas emissions contributing to global warming. These emissions can be reduced with the use of renewable energy produced from biomass such a livestock manure. The manure is raw material for production of electricity and thermal energy. Anaerobic digestion of waste can reduce emissions by capturing methane, a greenhouse gas produced by waste in facilities large and small scale. The South Central region of the state of Chihuahua has the potential for renewable energy production from biomass and waste are approximately 58,000 head of cattle, valuing a daily output of 2,900 m3 of sewage and 10,000 m3 of waste water can cause environmental problems. The estimated biogas production was 1.73 m3 of biogas / cow / day, with an estimated total production of biogas in the region of 25,717,352 and 50,722,754 m3/year kwh/año save up to $ 45.143 million pesos in electricity. Reductions are estimated to 361.843 tons of CO2-Eq. Proposed technologies to small and large scales. The development of renewable energy technologies opens the opportunity for additional revenue-generating waste in the production of electricity or thermal energy, reducing environmental problems may make feasible the adoption of technology to small and large scale for producers.

The study is focused into measure as the CCM-N program has impacted where the sustainable forest model and environmental are considered in the analysis. The Balance Carbon tool was used for measuring the climate change mitigation and the approach of the systematization experience for understanding and interpreting the learned lessons. The results show a positive impact on the carbon footprint for mitigating the of greenhouse emissions, however the experiences analyzed on the survey choice indicate that is necessary to make greater organizational efforts for improving the productive process where the forest system will be an axis for the economic activities.

This article analyzed the total factor productivity Bio Economy for generation of electricity from plants using biomass sugarcane bagasse as a renewable resource and petroleum. The data envelopment Analysis (DEA), and the Malmquist index were used to measure total factor productivity of power generation utilities connected to the national grid of Nicaragua. The results obtained by comparing sugar mills connected to the SIN was that Monte Rosa has a higher rate of increase in productivity due to the change of total factor productivity and when comparing thermal plants that employ oil in power generation the more efficient were ALBANISA, GECSA and TIPITAPA POWER; but, when comparing thermal plants and some using renewable energy Ingenio San Antonio y ALBANISA were more efficient. Scientific paper for dissertation in the Ph.D. program in Natural Sciences for Development Emphasis: Environmental and Culture Management

The amount of energy and food consumed in Puerto Rico is more indicative of a developed nation than one than is underdeveloped. All the energy consumed in Puerto Rico is from fossil fuels, while the agricultural sector marginally provides the needs of the consumer. In addition, the animal production sectors rely exclusively on imported feedstock for the preparation of feeds. There is a potential to develop an ethanol industry based initially on sugarcane, as the main feedstock and then turn to biomass from energy cane and or organic solid waste in the future. In order to move to the second generation of ethanol production, the cellulosic ethanol industry has to become economically viable. A limiting factor in the use of sugarcane is that only 40,000 ha are currently available to grow this crop. Potentially, Puerto Rico can produce 200 million liters of ethanol on this area which could substitute 5% of the gasoline that was consumed in 2007. On the other hand, biomass could be obtained from bagasse, energy cane, and from 1.3 metric tons of organic solid waste (food and yard waste) produced annually on the island. This strategy can provide a relief to decreasing the amounts of organic solid waste that end up in the landfills.