Advanced search in Research products
Research products
arrow_drop_down
Searching FieldsTerms
Any field
arrow_drop_down
includes
arrow_drop_down
  • Access
  • Type
  • Year range
  • Field of Science
  • Funder
  • SDG [Beta]
  • Country
  • Language
    Clear
  • Source
    Clear
  • Research community
  • Organization
The following results are related to Energy Research. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
2,208 Research products
Relevance
arrow_drop_down
unfold_lessCompact results

  • Energy Research
  • French
  • Hyper Article en Ligne

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lailliau, Maxence;

    With the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the search for new alternatives such as biofuels produced from biomass has intensified. A wide variety of compounds can be produced by treating this biomass. Ethers are one of them and can be used as additives to conventional fuels or as fuel. To this end, it is necessary to have a better knowledge of the kinetics of the oxidation of these compounds which differ from conventional fuels by the presence of oxygen atoms in their structure, making the chemistry more complex. This thesis aims to develop kinetic mechanisms of the oxidation of simple ethers based on experimental data obtained in jet stirred reactor. The oxidation of four ethers at atmospheric pressure and high pressure (10 atm) was studied over a wide range of temperatures (450 - 1250 K) under different equivalence ratios (0.5 to 4). The mole fraction profiles of the reactants, products of combustion and main stable intermediates were measured by gas chromatography, infra-red spectrometry or photoionization mass spectrometry using synchrotron radiation. The results thus obtained then served as a basis for validating kinetic mechanisms modeling the oxidation of these species whose agreement with the measurements is globally satisfactory for compounds for which few studies are available.; Avec l’épuisement des ressources en combustible fossile, la recherche de nouveaux carburants alternatifs tels que les biocarburants produits à partir de biomasse s’est intensifiée. Une grande variété de composés peut être produite par traitement de cette biomasse. Les éthers en font partie et peuvent être utilisés comme additifs aux carburants classiques ou comme carburant. À cette fin, il faut disposer d’une meilleure connaissance de la cinétique chimique d’oxydation de ces composés qui diffèrent des carburants conventionnels par la présence d’atomes d’oxygène dans leur structure, rendant la chimie plus complexe. Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer des mécanismes cinétiques d’oxydation d’éthers simples à partir de données expérimentales obtenues en réacteur auto-agité par jets gazeux. L’oxydation de quatre éthers à pression atmosphérique et haute pression (10 atm) a été étudiée sur un large domaine de température (450 - 1250 K) dans différentes conditions de richesse de mélange (0,5 à 4). Les profils de fraction molaire des réactifs, produits de combustion et intermédiaires réactionnels stables ont été mesurés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse, spectrométrie infra-rouge ou spectrométrie de masse à photo-ionisation par rayonnement synchrotron. Les résultats ainsi obtenus ont ensuite servi de base pour valider des mécanismes cinétique modélisant l’oxydation de ces espèces dont l’accord avec les mesures est globalement satisfaisant pour des composés pour lesquels peu d’études sont disponibles.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lailliau, Maxence;

    With the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the search for new alternatives such as biofuels produced from biomass has intensified. A wide variety of compounds can be produced by treating this biomass. Ethers are one of them and can be used as additives to conventional fuels or as fuel. To this end, it is necessary to have a better knowledge of the kinetics of the oxidation of these compounds which differ from conventional fuels by the presence of oxygen atoms in their structure, making the chemistry more complex. This thesis aims to develop kinetic mechanisms of the oxidation of simple ethers based on experimental data obtained in jet stirred reactor. The oxidation of four ethers at atmospheric pressure and high pressure (10 atm) was studied over a wide range of temperatures (450 - 1250 K) under different equivalence ratios (0.5 to 4). The mole fraction profiles of the reactants, products of combustion and main stable intermediates were measured by gas chromatography, infra-red spectrometry or photoionization mass spectrometry using synchrotron radiation. The results thus obtained then served as a basis for validating kinetic mechanisms modeling the oxidation of these species whose agreement with the measurements is globally satisfactory for compounds for which few studies are available.; Avec l’épuisement des ressources en combustible fossile, la recherche de nouveaux carburants alternatifs tels que les biocarburants produits à partir de biomasse s’est intensifiée. Une grande variété de composés peut être produite par traitement de cette biomasse. Les éthers en font partie et peuvent être utilisés comme additifs aux carburants classiques ou comme carburant. À cette fin, il faut disposer d’une meilleure connaissance de la cinétique chimique d’oxydation de ces composés qui diffèrent des carburants conventionnels par la présence d’atomes d’oxygène dans leur structure, rendant la chimie plus complexe. Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer des mécanismes cinétiques d’oxydation d’éthers simples à partir de données expérimentales obtenues en réacteur auto-agité par jets gazeux. L’oxydation de quatre éthers à pression atmosphérique et haute pression (10 atm) a été étudiée sur un large domaine de température (450 - 1250 K) dans différentes conditions de richesse de mélange (0,5 à 4). Les profils de fraction molaire des réactifs, produits de combustion et intermédiaires réactionnels stables ont été mesurés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse, spectrométrie infra-rouge ou spectrométrie de masse à photo-ionisation par rayonnement synchrotron. Les résultats ainsi obtenus ont ensuite servi de base pour valider des mécanismes cinétique modélisant l’oxydation de ces espèces dont l’accord avec les mesures est globalement satisfaisant pour des composés pour lesquels peu d’études sont disponibles.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anoufa, Mickaël;

    Dans le stockage d’énergie, les alternatives aux énergies fossiles sont peu nombreuses. Le stockage d’énergie dans un condensateur, permet d’atteindre de grande puissances électriques, mais pour une densité d’énergie trop faible. La présente thèse à pour objectif la compréhension des nano-céramiques ferroélectriques afin d’augmenter leur densité d’énergie et de se diriger ainsi vers un super-condensateur céramique. Nous avons développé dans un premier temps un modèle par champs effectif moyen du système core-shell. Une fois introduit dans l’énergie libre de Landau, ce modèle donne une idée de la densité d’énergie d’un système ferroélectrique donné. Les calculs – sur quelques pérovskites courantes - indiquent que la densité d’énergie reste relativement faible. Néanmoins nos calculs montrent que l’on peu optimiser le stockage d’énergie dans de telles céramiques en enrobant des grains de forme allongée comme des disques ou des fils. En outre, ce modèle phénoménologique permet d’expliquer de nombreuses mesures expérimentales sur les céramiques, y compris dans le cas ou s’ajoute de la conductivité et de la relaxation de Maxwell-Wagner. Nous nous sommes tournés par la suite vers une modélisation ab-initio : l’Hamiltonien effectif. La modélisation de nano-système core-shell de BaTiO3 a montré la présence d’un paramètre d’ordre particulier : le moment toroïdale. Ce paramètre d’ordre peut impliquer un comportement diélectrique différent. Introduit dans une description phénoménologique de type Landau, ce dernier est responsable de la disparition de la phase orthorhombique dans BaTiO3. La synthèse de nanoparticules de BaTiO3 de formes cubiques et homogènes, nous a permis de faire une série de mesure. Les mesures MET, RAMAN, RX, diélectriques sur les poudres et les céramiques, suggèrent la présences de transitions de phases générées par la présence d’un paramètre d’ordre similaire à celui observé dans modélisation ab-initio. For energy storage applications, fossils energies are difficult to compete. By storing energy in capacitors, one can get a huge electric power. However the density of energy in a capacitor is too weak to be interesting in energy storage application. The present thesis aims to understand the well known core-shell system in ferroelectric nano-ceramics and the influence of the geometry of the grain in order to determine and optimize the density of energy in this kind of dielectric, going toward an ultra-capacitor of ceramics. We have first developed an effective-medium core-shell model. By introducing this model in the phenomenological Landau Free energy of several ferroelectrics, we can get quantitative information about of density of energy in these materials. Our calculation for common ferroelectrics has shown that the density of energy remains too weak to become interesting. However, the density of energy can be optimized by using nano-disks or nano-rods in a structured ceramic. Our model agrees well with experimental results, even with extrinsic phenomena like the Maxwell-Wagner relaxation. To go further, we have modeled the BaTiO3 core-shell system using an effective Hamiltonian. The model shows that a new order parameter is observed in the core-shell system namely the toroidal moment. This order affects the dielectrics behavior of coated dots, and for important coating can lead to significant differences with Landau predictions. Moreover, by introducing the toroidal moment in Landau formalism, we can predict the disappearance of the orthorhombic phase in BaTiO3.The synthesis of homogenized cubic BaTiO3 particles, allowed us to make experimental measurement. The combination of RX, Dielectric and Raman measurements lead to a phase diagram for BaTiO3 that can be explain by the presence of a toroidal moment.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anoufa, Mickaël;

    Dans le stockage d’énergie, les alternatives aux énergies fossiles sont peu nombreuses. Le stockage d’énergie dans un condensateur, permet d’atteindre de grande puissances électriques, mais pour une densité d’énergie trop faible. La présente thèse à pour objectif la compréhension des nano-céramiques ferroélectriques afin d’augmenter leur densité d’énergie et de se diriger ainsi vers un super-condensateur céramique. Nous avons développé dans un premier temps un modèle par champs effectif moyen du système core-shell. Une fois introduit dans l’énergie libre de Landau, ce modèle donne une idée de la densité d’énergie d’un système ferroélectrique donné. Les calculs – sur quelques pérovskites courantes - indiquent que la densité d’énergie reste relativement faible. Néanmoins nos calculs montrent que l’on peu optimiser le stockage d’énergie dans de telles céramiques en enrobant des grains de forme allongée comme des disques ou des fils. En outre, ce modèle phénoménologique permet d’expliquer de nombreuses mesures expérimentales sur les céramiques, y compris dans le cas ou s’ajoute de la conductivité et de la relaxation de Maxwell-Wagner. Nous nous sommes tournés par la suite vers une modélisation ab-initio : l’Hamiltonien effectif. La modélisation de nano-système core-shell de BaTiO3 a montré la présence d’un paramètre d’ordre particulier : le moment toroïdale. Ce paramètre d’ordre peut impliquer un comportement diélectrique différent. Introduit dans une description phénoménologique de type Landau, ce dernier est responsable de la disparition de la phase orthorhombique dans BaTiO3. La synthèse de nanoparticules de BaTiO3 de formes cubiques et homogènes, nous a permis de faire une série de mesure. Les mesures MET, RAMAN, RX, diélectriques sur les poudres et les céramiques, suggèrent la présences de transitions de phases générées par la présence d’un paramètre d’ordre similaire à celui observé dans modélisation ab-initio. For energy storage applications, fossils energies are difficult to compete. By storing energy in capacitors, one can get a huge electric power. However the density of energy in a capacitor is too weak to be interesting in energy storage application. The present thesis aims to understand the well known core-shell system in ferroelectric nano-ceramics and the influence of the geometry of the grain in order to determine and optimize the density of energy in this kind of dielectric, going toward an ultra-capacitor of ceramics. We have first developed an effective-medium core-shell model. By introducing this model in the phenomenological Landau Free energy of several ferroelectrics, we can get quantitative information about of density of energy in these materials. Our calculation for common ferroelectrics has shown that the density of energy remains too weak to become interesting. However, the density of energy can be optimized by using nano-disks or nano-rods in a structured ceramic. Our model agrees well with experimental results, even with extrinsic phenomena like the Maxwell-Wagner relaxation. To go further, we have modeled the BaTiO3 core-shell system using an effective Hamiltonian. The model shows that a new order parameter is observed in the core-shell system namely the toroidal moment. This order affects the dielectrics behavior of coated dots, and for important coating can lead to significant differences with Landau predictions. Moreover, by introducing the toroidal moment in Landau formalism, we can predict the disappearance of the orthorhombic phase in BaTiO3.The synthesis of homogenized cubic BaTiO3 particles, allowed us to make experimental measurement. The combination of RX, Dielectric and Raman measurements lead to a phase diagram for BaTiO3 that can be explain by the presence of a toroidal moment.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Leclere, David;

    Les systèmes agricoles sont intimement liés au changement climatique : ils sont d'une part affectés par la dérive de son état moyen et de sa variabilité, et sont d'autre part des contributeurs nets à l'évolution du climat par l'extension de leur surface et l'intensité de leur gestion. L'évolution du système climat-agriculture repose sur nombreux mécanismes qui s'étendent sur une large gamme d'échelles temporelles et spatiales, et sont interdépendants. Pour réduire l'incertitude associée à l'évolution de ce système et guider les choix collectifs pertinents, il est nécessaire d'intégrer ces processus sur cette gamme d'échelle temporelle et spatiale. Dans cette thèse, je me suis intéressé aux échelles spatiales allant de la plus petite unité décisionnelle des systèmes de production agricole (l'exploitation) à celle de la décision publique concernant ces interactions entre climat et agriculture (échelle nationale à supranationale). Je me suis d'autre part intéressé au court terme (quelques années) et à l'Europe. J'ai poursuivi le développement d'un outil de modélisation reposant sur le couplage du modèle d'offre agricole Européenne (AROPAj) et du modèle générique de culture (STICS), qui permet de prendre en compte les mécanismes adéquats à l'échelle du système de production, et leurs facteurs d'hétérogénéité à l'échelle de l'Europe. Cet outil m'a permis de mettre en valeur le rôle important à l'échelle Européenne des mécanismes de court-terme dans la réponse de l'offre agricole au changement climatique. En particulier, la prise en compte des adaptations de court terme des systèmes de production agricole modifie la vision habituellement retenue des impacts du changement climatique en Europe. J'ai de plus développé des méthodes alliant agronomie et statistique pour explorer l'hétérogénéité du comportement des principales cultures Européenne sous changement climatique entre régions, espèces et scénarios de changement climatique. Enfin, j'ai pu mettre en valeur la faible interaction en première analyse entre adaptation au changement climatique et réponse à la mise en place d'une politique réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre au niveau des systèmes de production agricole. Agriculture, and the climate system are closely linked: agricultural systems are driven by changes in mean climate and its variability, while their expansion and intensification contribute to the anthropogenic perturbation of the climate system. The evolution of the climate-agriculture system relies on numerous processes, which extend over a wide large range of temporal and spatial scale, and are intertwined. It is necessary to integrate these processes across scales in order to both reduce the uncertainty that overshadow the evolution of the system, and help clever decision making. In this work, I focused on that integration goal in the specific case of Europe for short-term time scales in a future horizon. I focused on typical spatial scales of decision making: from the smallest decision unit in agriculture (farm scale) to the one of policy making regarding agriculture-climate interactions (Europe). I continued the development of a modelling framework relying on the coupling of a microeconomic model of European agricultural supply (AROPAj) to a generic crop model (STICS), which account for adequate processes at farm scale, and for the factors that drive the heterogeneity in their net effects over Europe. This tool allowed me to highlight the specific role of farm-scale adaptations in the response of European agricultural supply to climate change. In particular, accounting for these processes alters the usual picture of climate change impacts over Europe. I further developed analytical methods building on agronomic and statistic knowledge to explore the heterogeneity in the response of major European crops, among geographical locations, species, and climate change scenarios. Finally, first results showed that at the farm scale, little interaction is expected between the adaptation to climate change and the implementation of a greenhouse gas mitigation policy targeting the agricultural sector.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL INRAE
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: HAL INRAE
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Leclere, David;

    Les systèmes agricoles sont intimement liés au changement climatique : ils sont d'une part affectés par la dérive de son état moyen et de sa variabilité, et sont d'autre part des contributeurs nets à l'évolution du climat par l'extension de leur surface et l'intensité de leur gestion. L'évolution du système climat-agriculture repose sur nombreux mécanismes qui s'étendent sur une large gamme d'échelles temporelles et spatiales, et sont interdépendants. Pour réduire l'incertitude associée à l'évolution de ce système et guider les choix collectifs pertinents, il est nécessaire d'intégrer ces processus sur cette gamme d'échelle temporelle et spatiale. Dans cette thèse, je me suis intéressé aux échelles spatiales allant de la plus petite unité décisionnelle des systèmes de production agricole (l'exploitation) à celle de la décision publique concernant ces interactions entre climat et agriculture (échelle nationale à supranationale). Je me suis d'autre part intéressé au court terme (quelques années) et à l'Europe. J'ai poursuivi le développement d'un outil de modélisation reposant sur le couplage du modèle d'offre agricole Européenne (AROPAj) et du modèle générique de culture (STICS), qui permet de prendre en compte les mécanismes adéquats à l'échelle du système de production, et leurs facteurs d'hétérogénéité à l'échelle de l'Europe. Cet outil m'a permis de mettre en valeur le rôle important à l'échelle Européenne des mécanismes de court-terme dans la réponse de l'offre agricole au changement climatique. En particulier, la prise en compte des adaptations de court terme des systèmes de production agricole modifie la vision habituellement retenue des impacts du changement climatique en Europe. J'ai de plus développé des méthodes alliant agronomie et statistique pour explorer l'hétérogénéité du comportement des principales cultures Européenne sous changement climatique entre régions, espèces et scénarios de changement climatique. Enfin, j'ai pu mettre en valeur la faible interaction en première analyse entre adaptation au changement climatique et réponse à la mise en place d'une politique réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre au niveau des systèmes de production agricole. Agriculture, and the climate system are closely linked: agricultural systems are driven by changes in mean climate and its variability, while their expansion and intensification contribute to the anthropogenic perturbation of the climate system. The evolution of the climate-agriculture system relies on numerous processes, which extend over a wide large range of temporal and spatial scale, and are intertwined. It is necessary to integrate these processes across scales in order to both reduce the uncertainty that overshadow the evolution of the system, and help clever decision making. In this work, I focused on that integration goal in the specific case of Europe for short-term time scales in a future horizon. I focused on typical spatial scales of decision making: from the smallest decision unit in agriculture (farm scale) to the one of policy making regarding agriculture-climate interactions (Europe). I continued the development of a modelling framework relying on the coupling of a microeconomic model of European agricultural supply (AROPAj) to a generic crop model (STICS), which account for adequate processes at farm scale, and for the factors that drive the heterogeneity in their net effects over Europe. This tool allowed me to highlight the specific role of farm-scale adaptations in the response of European agricultural supply to climate change. In particular, accounting for these processes alters the usual picture of climate change impacts over Europe. I further developed analytical methods building on agronomic and statistic knowledge to explore the heterogeneity in the response of major European crops, among geographical locations, species, and climate change scenarios. Finally, first results showed that at the farm scale, little interaction is expected between the adaptation to climate change and the implementation of a greenhouse gas mitigation policy targeting the agricultural sector.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL INRAE
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: HAL INRAE
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vimeux, Françoise;

    Reconstruire les variations passées de notre climat permet de mieux appréhender le fonctionnement de notre système climatique.Les carottes de glace issues des calottes polaires et des glaciers montagneux de haute altitude sont de très bonnes archivesclimatiques. Les glaciers présents sur les sommets des Andes sud-américaines sont ainsi exploités depuis les années 80. Une dizainede carottages ont été réalisés depuis l’équateur jusqu’en Patagonie. Ils recouvrent des périodes très différentes allant du derniersiècle, jusqu’à la dernière transition glaciaire-interglaciaire qui débute il y a 21 000 ans. La datation de ces carottes combine unensemble de méthodes : comptage des cycles saisonniers des éléments chimiques et de la composition isotopique de la glace, analysede la concentration des éléments radioactifs issus des tests atmosphériques nucléaires au XXe siècle et modélisation de l’écoulementdu glacier pour la partie la plus profonde. Le présent article illustre deux résultats intéressants apportés par l’étude de la compositionisotopique de ces glaces. Le premier concerne la période du Petit Âge Glaciaire au XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle. L’analyse isotopique de la glacede deux carottes prélevées en Bolivie (Illimani) et au Pérou (Quelccaya), couplée à l’étude de l’extension des glaciers au mêmemoment, montre des conditions climatiques légèrement plus humides et plus froides de 1650 à 1780. Le second résultat est déduitde l’analyse isotopique d’une carotte prélevée en Patagonie du Nord (San Valentin) qui recouvre les 120 dernières années. L’enregistrementisotopique suggère que la température dans cette région a progressivement diminué au cours de cette période d’environ0,2 °C par décennie, venant prolonger une tendance mesurée par les stations météorologiques chiliennes depuis les années 70 malgréun contexte de réchauffement global. The reconstruction of past climate variability offers important information about our climate system. Ice cores extractedfrom polar ice sheets or from mountainous glaciers are among the most popular climate archives. Ice cores from Andean glaciersin South America have been studied since the 1980’s. Almost ten ice cores have been extracted from the equator to Patagonia. Theycover different time periods from the last century to the last glacial-interglacial termination that started 21,000 years ago. Those icecores are usually dated by using a combination of methods: annual layers counting in both isotopic and chemical ice composition,radionuclides concentration analysis to detect atmospheric nuclear tests during the 20th century and ice flow modeling for the deepestpart of those cores. This paper presents two interesting results arising from the isotopic composition of the ice. The first one dealswith the isotopic records of Bolivian (Illimani) and Peruvian (Quelccaya) ice cores in regards to the reconstruction of glacier extentduring the little ice age in the 17th-18th century. Both approaches suggest a slightly moister and cooler period from 1650 to 1780. Thesecond result arises from the 120-year long isotopic record of an ice core drilled in Patagonia (San Valentin). It suggests that at theregional scale, temperature has regularly decreased of about 0.2 °C per decade, extending the temperature decrease shown by Chileanmeteorological data since the 1970’s despite a global warming.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-IRD
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-CEA
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-CEA
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-INSU
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-INSU
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-IRD
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-IRD
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-CEA
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-CEA
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-INSU
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-INSU
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vimeux, Françoise;

    Reconstruire les variations passées de notre climat permet de mieux appréhender le fonctionnement de notre système climatique.Les carottes de glace issues des calottes polaires et des glaciers montagneux de haute altitude sont de très bonnes archivesclimatiques. Les glaciers présents sur les sommets des Andes sud-américaines sont ainsi exploités depuis les années 80. Une dizainede carottages ont été réalisés depuis l’équateur jusqu’en Patagonie. Ils recouvrent des périodes très différentes allant du derniersiècle, jusqu’à la dernière transition glaciaire-interglaciaire qui débute il y a 21 000 ans. La datation de ces carottes combine unensemble de méthodes : comptage des cycles saisonniers des éléments chimiques et de la composition isotopique de la glace, analysede la concentration des éléments radioactifs issus des tests atmosphériques nucléaires au XXe siècle et modélisation de l’écoulementdu glacier pour la partie la plus profonde. Le présent article illustre deux résultats intéressants apportés par l’étude de la compositionisotopique de ces glaces. Le premier concerne la période du Petit Âge Glaciaire au XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle. L’analyse isotopique de la glacede deux carottes prélevées en Bolivie (Illimani) et au Pérou (Quelccaya), couplée à l’étude de l’extension des glaciers au mêmemoment, montre des conditions climatiques légèrement plus humides et plus froides de 1650 à 1780. Le second résultat est déduitde l’analyse isotopique d’une carotte prélevée en Patagonie du Nord (San Valentin) qui recouvre les 120 dernières années. L’enregistrementisotopique suggère que la température dans cette région a progressivement diminué au cours de cette période d’environ0,2 °C par décennie, venant prolonger une tendance mesurée par les stations météorologiques chiliennes depuis les années 70 malgréun contexte de réchauffement global. The reconstruction of past climate variability offers important information about our climate system. Ice cores extractedfrom polar ice sheets or from mountainous glaciers are among the most popular climate archives. Ice cores from Andean glaciersin South America have been studied since the 1980’s. Almost ten ice cores have been extracted from the equator to Patagonia. Theycover different time periods from the last century to the last glacial-interglacial termination that started 21,000 years ago. Those icecores are usually dated by using a combination of methods: annual layers counting in both isotopic and chemical ice composition,radionuclides concentration analysis to detect atmospheric nuclear tests during the 20th century and ice flow modeling for the deepestpart of those cores. This paper presents two interesting results arising from the isotopic composition of the ice. The first one dealswith the isotopic records of Bolivian (Illimani) and Peruvian (Quelccaya) ice cores in regards to the reconstruction of glacier extentduring the little ice age in the 17th-18th century. Both approaches suggest a slightly moister and cooler period from 1650 to 1780. Thesecond result arises from the 120-year long isotopic record of an ice core drilled in Patagonia (San Valentin). It suggests that at theregional scale, temperature has regularly decreased of about 0.2 °C per decade, extending the temperature decrease shown by Chileanmeteorological data since the 1970’s despite a global warming.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-IRD
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-CEA
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-CEA
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-INSU
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-INSU
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-IRD
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-IRD
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-CEA
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-CEA
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-INSU
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-INSU
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rizk, Joelle;

    Confidentielle jusqu'au 31 décembre 2013Co-encadrement de la thèse : Maroun Nemer; Distillation columns are one of the main methods used for separating the components of the air. Their inconvenient is the high energy consumption. In order to produce the oxygen needed for oxycombustion with low energy costs, a diabatic distillation column for cryogenic air separation is designed and modeled. It consists of a shell and tubes heat exchanger where the tubes constitute a first column operating at low pressure and the shell a second one operating at high pressure. Coupled mass and heat transfers are modeled and the diabatic column simulated. A comparative exergy analysis between three types of distillation columns for cryogenic air separation shows that the exergy efficiency of the diabatic column designed is 23 % higher than that of the conventional double columns. The distribution of the mixtures in the tubes and the shell is a key point in the distillation process in the shell and tubes heat exchanger. The different forms of uneven distribution are studied and solutions are proposed. A pilot is designed in order to validate experimentally the theoretical concept of diabatic distillation of cryogenic air.; Les colonnes de distillation de l'air constituent l'un des procédés principaux de séparation des composants de l'air mais posent le problème des consommations énergétiques élevées. Dans le but de produire les quantités d'oxygène nécessaire pour les procédés d'oxycombustion à faibles coûts énergétiques, une colonne de distillation diabatique pour la séparation de l'air cryogénique est conçue et modélisée. Elle consiste en un échangeur tubes-calandre où les tubes constituent une première colonne opérant à basse pression et la calandre en constitue une deuxième opérant à haute pression. Les transferts de masse et de chaleur couplés sont modélisés et le fonctionnement de la colonne est simulé. Une analyse exergétique comparative entre trois types de colonnes de distillation d'air cryogénique montre que l'efficacité exergétique de la colonne diabatique conçue est 23 % fois plus élevée que celle des colonnes doubles conventionnelles. La distribution des mélanges dans les tubes et dans la calandre est un point clé dans le procédé de distillation dans l'échangeur tubes-calandre. Les différentes formes de mal répartition sont étudiées et des solutions proposées. Une colonne pilote est dimensionnée pour valider expérimentalement le concept théorique de la distillation diabatique de l'air cryogénique.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rizk, Joelle;

    Confidentielle jusqu'au 31 décembre 2013Co-encadrement de la thèse : Maroun Nemer; Distillation columns are one of the main methods used for separating the components of the air. Their inconvenient is the high energy consumption. In order to produce the oxygen needed for oxycombustion with low energy costs, a diabatic distillation column for cryogenic air separation is designed and modeled. It consists of a shell and tubes heat exchanger where the tubes constitute a first column operating at low pressure and the shell a second one operating at high pressure. Coupled mass and heat transfers are modeled and the diabatic column simulated. A comparative exergy analysis between three types of distillation columns for cryogenic air separation shows that the exergy efficiency of the diabatic column designed is 23 % higher than that of the conventional double columns. The distribution of the mixtures in the tubes and the shell is a key point in the distillation process in the shell and tubes heat exchanger. The different forms of uneven distribution are studied and solutions are proposed. A pilot is designed in order to validate experimentally the theoretical concept of diabatic distillation of cryogenic air.; Les colonnes de distillation de l'air constituent l'un des procédés principaux de séparation des composants de l'air mais posent le problème des consommations énergétiques élevées. Dans le but de produire les quantités d'oxygène nécessaire pour les procédés d'oxycombustion à faibles coûts énergétiques, une colonne de distillation diabatique pour la séparation de l'air cryogénique est conçue et modélisée. Elle consiste en un échangeur tubes-calandre où les tubes constituent une première colonne opérant à basse pression et la calandre en constitue une deuxième opérant à haute pression. Les transferts de masse et de chaleur couplés sont modélisés et le fonctionnement de la colonne est simulé. Une analyse exergétique comparative entre trois types de colonnes de distillation d'air cryogénique montre que l'efficacité exergétique de la colonne diabatique conçue est 23 % fois plus élevée que celle des colonnes doubles conventionnelles. La distribution des mélanges dans les tubes et dans la calandre est un point clé dans le procédé de distillation dans l'échangeur tubes-calandre. Les différentes formes de mal répartition sont étudiées et des solutions proposées. Une colonne pilote est dimensionnée pour valider expérimentalement le concept théorique de la distillation diabatique de l'air cryogénique.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Varenio, Céline;

    Cette thèse a pour objectif d'évaluer l'efficacité des dispositifs publics qui visent à inciter les agents à rénover leur logement afin d'en réduire la consommation énergétique. Il s'agit de combiner les deux dimensions clés de l'évaluation ex-post de l'intervention : la dimension récapitulative qui revient à déterminer l'efficacité des mesures mises en œuvre et la dimension formative qui vise à comprendre les résultats obtenus et à identifier les voies d'amélioration. Cela nécessite dans un premier temps de réaliser une analyse détaillée des facteurs qui sont à l'origine du faible niveau d'investissements, qualifié de déficit d'efficacité énergétique (" energy efficiency gap "). Ce déficit est dû à la présence de défaillances de marchés, aux conséquences de la rationalité limitée des ménages, ainsi qu'aux difficultés de coordination entre agents en particulier dans le cadre de la copropriété. Dans un deuxième temps il convient d'analyser le déficit d'efficacité énergétique en comparant les prescriptions qui peuvent être issues des calculs utilisés en économie publique concernant les investissements à réaliser, avec les données issues des études de terrain sur les investissements effectifs. Cette analyse permet de bien identifier les critères de décisions des ménages et ainsi de comprendre comment les barrières à l'efficacité énergétique se manifestent. L'identification des différentes barrières permet alors, dans un troisième temps, de voir si les dispositifs d'incitations aujourd'hui en application en France permettent de lever tous les obstacles aux investissements d'amélioration énergétique. Il apparaît que la multitude de dispositifs mis en oeuvre ne peut suffire à réduire fortement le déficit d'efficacité énergétique. D'une part, certaines barrières ne sont pas levées car aucun outil approprié n'existe. D'autre part, certains facteurs de blocages ne sont que partiellement traités car l'utilisation pratique des outils diffèrent de leur conception théorique. Finalement, l'analyse des programmes de réhabilitation thermique des logements qui ont été engagés sur le territoire grenoblois permet de déterminer l'efficacité des dispositifs additionnels c'est à dire d'évaluer dans quelle mesure ces interventions " renforcées " permettent de lever les barrières qui n'ont pu l'être avec les dispositifs nationaux. La mise en perspective de ces quatre analyses successives - des causes du déficit ; de sa manifestation ; des instruments nationaux ; des programmes mis en œuvre à l'échelle locale - aboutit à la conclusion d'un nécessaire renforcement des mesures non financières pour l'accompagnement des agents afin d'amorcer la dynamique d'investissement et ainsi créer les conditions de l'efficacité des instruments économiques plus généraux. This PhD dissertation focuses on energy efficiency policies in housing. It aims at evaluating the effectiveness of public incentives designed to increase household's investment in energy efficiency of their dwelling. To reach this objective this research combines the two key dimensions of ex-post evaluation, i.e. summary and formative dimensions. The first one aims at knowing the effectiveness of public policies whereas the other one targets to understand what the public policies' consequences are and to identify ways for improvement. To reach this purpose, the research follows four steps. Firstly, it requires a detailed analysis to understand the origins of the energy efficiency gap. This gap can be explained by markets failures, consequences of bounded rationality and coordination problem between stakeholders, especially in multi-family dwellings. Secondly, the argument progresses by drawing a parallel between results from normative analysis and from observations of actual level of investments in thermal retrofit actions. It aims at identifying investment households' criteria and then at understanding how barriers to energy efficiency raise. Thirdly, thanks to the inventory of these various energy efficiency barriers it becomes possible to examine if the incentives currently implemented in France can remove them all. It appears that the national policy does not significantly reduce the energy efficiency gap. On the one hand, some barriers remain because no tool has been proposed to overcome them. On the other hand, some barriers are only partially eliminated because the practical use of tools differs from their theoretical design. Finally, using the analysis of retrofitting programs implemented on the Grenoble area this research assesses the effectiveness of additional incentives. The objective is to know to what extent these "reinforced" policies remove barriers still existing after national tools implementation. From these four successive analyses - causes, appearance of the energy efficiency gap, national tools, programs implemented at the local level - we conclude to a necessary strengthening of non-financial measures which support agents to initiate an investment dynamic and in the meanwhile to an increase of the reliability of economic tools, such as taxes or subventions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Varenio, Céline;

    Cette thèse a pour objectif d'évaluer l'efficacité des dispositifs publics qui visent à inciter les agents à rénover leur logement afin d'en réduire la consommation énergétique. Il s'agit de combiner les deux dimensions clés de l'évaluation ex-post de l'intervention : la dimension récapitulative qui revient à déterminer l'efficacité des mesures mises en œuvre et la dimension formative qui vise à comprendre les résultats obtenus et à identifier les voies d'amélioration. Cela nécessite dans un premier temps de réaliser une analyse détaillée des facteurs qui sont à l'origine du faible niveau d'investissements, qualifié de déficit d'efficacité énergétique (" energy efficiency gap "). Ce déficit est dû à la présence de défaillances de marchés, aux conséquences de la rationalité limitée des ménages, ainsi qu'aux difficultés de coordination entre agents en particulier dans le cadre de la copropriété. Dans un deuxième temps il convient d'analyser le déficit d'efficacité énergétique en comparant les prescriptions qui peuvent être issues des calculs utilisés en économie publique concernant les investissements à réaliser, avec les données issues des études de terrain sur les investissements effectifs. Cette analyse permet de bien identifier les critères de décisions des ménages et ainsi de comprendre comment les barrières à l'efficacité énergétique se manifestent. L'identification des différentes barrières permet alors, dans un troisième temps, de voir si les dispositifs d'incitations aujourd'hui en application en France permettent de lever tous les obstacles aux investissements d'amélioration énergétique. Il apparaît que la multitude de dispositifs mis en oeuvre ne peut suffire à réduire fortement le déficit d'efficacité énergétique. D'une part, certaines barrières ne sont pas levées car aucun outil approprié n'existe. D'autre part, certains facteurs de blocages ne sont que partiellement traités car l'utilisation pratique des outils diffèrent de leur conception théorique. Finalement, l'analyse des programmes de réhabilitation thermique des logements qui ont été engagés sur le territoire grenoblois permet de déterminer l'efficacité des dispositifs additionnels c'est à dire d'évaluer dans quelle mesure ces interventions " renforcées " permettent de lever les barrières qui n'ont pu l'être avec les dispositifs nationaux. La mise en perspective de ces quatre analyses successives - des causes du déficit ; de sa manifestation ; des instruments nationaux ; des programmes mis en œuvre à l'échelle locale - aboutit à la conclusion d'un nécessaire renforcement des mesures non financières pour l'accompagnement des agents afin d'amorcer la dynamique d'investissement et ainsi créer les conditions de l'efficacité des instruments économiques plus généraux. This PhD dissertation focuses on energy efficiency policies in housing. It aims at evaluating the effectiveness of public incentives designed to increase household's investment in energy efficiency of their dwelling. To reach this objective this research combines the two key dimensions of ex-post evaluation, i.e. summary and formative dimensions. The first one aims at knowing the effectiveness of public policies whereas the other one targets to understand what the public policies' consequences are and to identify ways for improvement. To reach this purpose, the research follows four steps. Firstly, it requires a detailed analysis to understand the origins of the energy efficiency gap. This gap can be explained by markets failures, consequences of bounded rationality and coordination problem between stakeholders, especially in multi-family dwellings. Secondly, the argument progresses by drawing a parallel between results from normative analysis and from observations of actual level of investments in thermal retrofit actions. It aims at identifying investment households' criteria and then at understanding how barriers to energy efficiency raise. Thirdly, thanks to the inventory of these various energy efficiency barriers it becomes possible to examine if the incentives currently implemented in France can remove them all. It appears that the national policy does not significantly reduce the energy efficiency gap. On the one hand, some barriers remain because no tool has been proposed to overcome them. On the other hand, some barriers are only partially eliminated because the practical use of tools differs from their theoretical design. Finally, using the analysis of retrofitting programs implemented on the Grenoble area this research assesses the effectiveness of additional incentives. The objective is to know to what extent these "reinforced" policies remove barriers still existing after national tools implementation. From these four successive analyses - causes, appearance of the energy efficiency gap, national tools, programs implemented at the local level - we conclude to a necessary strengthening of non-financial measures which support agents to initiate an investment dynamic and in the meanwhile to an increase of the reliability of economic tools, such as taxes or subventions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Asfour, Sarah;

    Les opérations de maintenance des routes en conditions hivernales sur réseaux routiers constituent un enjeu important pour maintenir l’offre de mobilité en situation dégradée. Elles génèrent des coûts d’exploitation directs et indirects élevés, liés en particulier à l’utilisation intensive de fondants routiers. Par ailleurs, leur impact environnemental doit être pris en considération. Nous étudions ici une structure de chaussée non soumise à ce type d’astreinte, grâce à la présence d’une couche de liaison drainante dans laquelle circule un fluide chaud, permettant ainsi d’éviter le dépôt de neige ou la formation de glace en surface. Dans le cadre d’une démarche en faveur de l’emploi d’énergie renouvelable, un tel dispositif pourrait permettre de récupérer l’énergie thermique disponible en surface de chaussée en période chaude, de l’acheminer vers un lieu de stockage (ex : géothermie) et de l’utiliser en période froide. Nous étudions ici la fonction d’échangeur de chaleur entre le fluide et la chaussée, la fonction de stockage externe à la chaussée n’étant pas abordée hormis dans la revue bibliographique. La structure de chaussée considérée comporte trois couches d’enrobés. La couche de roulement et la couche de base sont constituées de matériaux classiquement utilisés dans les chaussées, à base de liants hydrocarbonés. Le matériau de la couche de liaison possède une porosité supérieure à 20%. La structure de chaussée est supposée avoir un dévers de l’ordre de 2%. Une chaussée expérimentale instrumentée a été mise en oeuvre pour recueillir des grandeurs thermo-physiques de la chaussée. Un modèle thermo-hydrique 2D est d2veloppé numériquement pour calculer la distribution de température dans le corps de chaussée lorsque l’on injecte un fluide à température d’entrée donnée, en haut de dévers. Les paramètres du modèle sont identifiés à partir des données expérimentales recueillies sous diverses sollicitations climatiques. On analyse dans un premier temps la sensibilité de la distribution de température en surface de chaussée aux différents paramètres du modèle (conductivité hydraulique, dévers, conductivités thermiques, chaleurs massiques), afin d’optimiser les procédures nécessaires au contrôle sous contraintes de températures positives en tout point. Dans une deuxième partie, des données expérimentales recueillies durant une période estivale d’un mois ont servi à valider le modèle thermique 1D. Une maquette de laboratoire a également permis d’identifier des paramètres en milieu saturé et non saturé. La dernière partie de thèse est consacrée au calcul des quantités énergétiques récupérables pendant la période estivale à l’aide des données de la réglEmentation thermique RT2012. Elles sont comparées aux quantités énergétiques de chauffage nécessaires pendant la période hivernale en s’appuyant sur des données de la RT2012 et des données de la Direction Interdépartementale des Routes Massif (DIR MC) ; l’objectif final étant de déterminer les performances énergétiques du système. Winter maintenance operations for road networks are an important issue for maintaining the mobility in degraded situations, but generate high direct and indirect exploitation costs, particularly related to the intensive use of road de-icing and environmental impact. We study a road structure free of this penalty, thanks to a bonding drainage asphalt layer, circulated by a hot fluid, to prevent the deposition of snow or ice formation on the road surface. As part of an integrated vision of promoting the use of renewable energy, such device could be used to recuperate the thermal energy available in the road surface during the hot period, to transport it to a storage location (e.g. geothermal) and use it during cold period. We study here the heat exchanger function between the fluid and the road, the external storage function to the road being not addressed. The considered pavement structure has three asphalt layers.The bearing layer and the base layer are formed of conventional materials with hydrocarbon-based binders. The material of the bonding layer has a porosity of 20% and based on the use of a binder resistant to a prolonged circulation of the coolant. The road structure is assumed to have a slope of about 2 to 3%. An instrumented experimental road is implemented to collect data on the thermo-hydraulic response of the pavement structure. A thermo-hydraulic 2D model is designed to simulate the temperature field in the road structure when the fluid is injected at the upslope side of the road with a target temperature. This model is calibrated from experimental data collected on the experimental road subjected to meteorological solicitations. Initially, the sensibility of the distribution of the surface temperature of the road toward various model parameters (hydraulic conductivity, transversal slope, thermal conductivities, heat capacities) is analysed, in order to study the optimization of control procedures allowing to keep positive the road surface temperature at any point (e.g. determination of the minimum fluid injection temperature, under given meteorological data). In a second time, pavement thermal parameters is identified using control optimal method in order to validated unidimensionnel thermal model applied on July experimental data. In third time, hydraulic model is validated experimentaly using a laboratory mockup in saturated and unsaturated conditions. In a fourth time, thermo-hydraulic bidimensionnal model is validated numerically using mesured data of experimental pavement. Finally, harvest energy in summer period using thermal reglementation RT2012 data and heating energy in winter period using RT2012 and Massif Interdepartmental Road Direction (DIR MC) are calculated in order to evaluate system performance.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2016
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL Clermont Université
    Doctoral thesis . 2016
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2016
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL Clermont Université
      Doctoral thesis . 2016
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Asfour, Sarah;

    Les opérations de maintenance des routes en conditions hivernales sur réseaux routiers constituent un enjeu important pour maintenir l’offre de mobilité en situation dégradée. Elles génèrent des coûts d’exploitation directs et indirects élevés, liés en particulier à l’utilisation intensive de fondants routiers. Par ailleurs, leur impact environnemental doit être pris en considération. Nous étudions ici une structure de chaussée non soumise à ce type d’astreinte, grâce à la présence d’une couche de liaison drainante dans laquelle circule un fluide chaud, permettant ainsi d’éviter le dépôt de neige ou la formation de glace en surface. Dans le cadre d’une démarche en faveur de l’emploi d’énergie renouvelable, un tel dispositif pourrait permettre de récupérer l’énergie thermique disponible en surface de chaussée en période chaude, de l’acheminer vers un lieu de stockage (ex : géothermie) et de l’utiliser en période froide. Nous étudions ici la fonction d’échangeur de chaleur entre le fluide et la chaussée, la fonction de stockage externe à la chaussée n’étant pas abordée hormis dans la revue bibliographique. La structure de chaussée considérée comporte trois couches d’enrobés. La couche de roulement et la couche de base sont constituées de matériaux classiquement utilisés dans les chaussées, à base de liants hydrocarbonés. Le matériau de la couche de liaison possède une porosité supérieure à 20%. La structure de chaussée est supposée avoir un dévers de l’ordre de 2%. Une chaussée expérimentale instrumentée a été mise en oeuvre pour recueillir des grandeurs thermo-physiques de la chaussée. Un modèle thermo-hydrique 2D est d2veloppé numériquement pour calculer la distribution de température dans le corps de chaussée lorsque l’on injecte un fluide à température d’entrée donnée, en haut de dévers. Les paramètres du modèle sont identifiés à partir des données expérimentales recueillies sous diverses sollicitations climatiques. On analyse dans un premier temps la sensibilité de la distribution de température en surface de chaussée aux différents paramètres du modèle (conductivité hydraulique, dévers, conductivités thermiques, chaleurs massiques), afin d’optimiser les procédures nécessaires au contrôle sous contraintes de températures positives en tout point. Dans une deuxième partie, des données expérimentales recueillies durant une période estivale d’un mois ont servi à valider le modèle thermique 1D. Une maquette de laboratoire a également permis d’identifier des paramètres en milieu saturé et non saturé. La dernière partie de thèse est consacrée au calcul des quantités énergétiques récupérables pendant la période estivale à l’aide des données de la réglEmentation thermique RT2012. Elles sont comparées aux quantités énergétiques de chauffage nécessaires pendant la période hivernale en s’appuyant sur des données de la RT2012 et des données de la Direction Interdépartementale des Routes Massif (DIR MC) ; l’objectif final étant de déterminer les performances énergétiques du système. Winter maintenance operations for road networks are an important issue for maintaining the mobility in degraded situations, but generate high direct and indirect exploitation costs, particularly related to the intensive use of road de-icing and environmental impact. We study a road structure free of this penalty, thanks to a bonding drainage asphalt layer, circulated by a hot fluid, to prevent the deposition of snow or ice formation on the road surface. As part of an integrated vision of promoting the use of renewable energy, such device could be used to recuperate the thermal energy available in the road surface during the hot period, to transport it to a storage location (e.g. geothermal) and use it during cold period. We study here the heat exchanger function between the fluid and the road, the external storage function to the road being not addressed. The considered pavement structure has three asphalt layers.The bearing layer and the base layer are formed of conventional materials with hydrocarbon-based binders. The material of the bonding layer has a porosity of 20% and based on the use of a binder resistant to a prolonged circulation of the coolant. The road structure is assumed to have a slope of about 2 to 3%. An instrumented experimental road is implemented to collect data on the thermo-hydraulic response of the pavement structure. A thermo-hydraulic 2D model is designed to simulate the temperature field in the road structure when the fluid is injected at the upslope side of the road with a target temperature. This model is calibrated from experimental data collected on the experimental road subjected to meteorological solicitations. Initially, the sensibility of the distribution of the surface temperature of the road toward various model parameters (hydraulic conductivity, transversal slope, thermal conductivities, heat capacities) is analysed, in order to study the optimization of control procedures allowing to keep positive the road surface temperature at any point (e.g. determination of the minimum fluid injection temperature, under given meteorological data). In a second time, pavement thermal parameters is identified using control optimal method in order to validated unidimensionnel thermal model applied on July experimental data. In third time, hydraulic model is validated experimentaly using a laboratory mockup in saturated and unsaturated conditions. In a fourth time, thermo-hydraulic bidimensionnal model is validated numerically using mesured data of experimental pavement. Finally, harvest energy in summer period using thermal reglementation RT2012 data and heating energy in winter period using RT2012 and Massif Interdepartmental Road Direction (DIR MC) are calculated in order to evaluate system performance.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2016
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL Clermont Université
    Doctoral thesis . 2016
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2016
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL Clermont Université
      Doctoral thesis . 2016
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Feytout, Benjamin;

    The research studies, in collaboration with VALEOL and IMS laboratory, propose several solutions to optimize the production and the efficiency of a wind turbine. The general theme of the work is based on control laws of the system or subsystems using the CRONE robust design. Each part highlights aspects of modeling, system identification and design before simulations or tests of scale and full size models.Chapter 1 provides an overview of the issues discussed in this manuscript, using states of the art and precisions on the industrial and economic context of 2013.Chapter 2 introduces the CRONE command for robust design. It is used to achieve the control of the rotation speed of a variable speed wind turbine, with an innovative architecture - mechanical variable speed solution and synchronous generator.Chapter 3 makes a comparison of three new optimization criteria for CRONE design. The aim is to reduce the methodology complexity and to facilitate handling by any user. The results are obtained through simulations on an academic example, then with a DFIG wind turbine model. Chapter 4 focuses on the reduction of structural loads transmitted by the wind on the turbine. It is about better control of the pitch angle by individual pitch control, depending on the rotor position or wind disturbances.Chapter 5 deals with the design of an anti-icing/de-icing system for blades. After the modeling and identification steps, the CRONE design is used to control the temperature of a heating coating disposed on the blades. An observer is finally designed to detect the presence of ice. Les études, menées en collaboration entre la société VALEOL et le laboratoire IMS, proposent des solutions pour optimiser la production et le fonctionnement d'une éolienne. Il s’agit de travailler sur les lois de commande du système ou des sous-systèmes en utilisant la commande CRONE, répondant à un besoin de robustesse. Chaque étude met en avant des aspects de modélisation, d’identification et de synthèse de lois de commande avant mises en application au travers de simulations ou d’essais sur modèles réduits et taille réelle.Le chapitre 1 donne une vision d’ensemble des problématiques traitées dans ce manuscrit, à l’aide d’états de l’art et de remise dans le contexte économique et industriel de 2013.Le chapitre 2 introduit la commande CRONE pour la synthèse de régulateurs robustes. Cette méthodologie est utilisée pour réaliser l’asservissement de la vitesse de rotation d’une éolienne à vitesse variable, présentant une architecture innovante avec un variateur de vitesse mécanique et génératrice synchrone.Le chapitre 3 établit la comparaison de trois nouveaux critères d’optimisation pour la méthodologie CRONE. Le but est de réduire sa complexité et de faciliter sa manipulation par tout utilisateur. Les résultats sur les différents critères sont obtenus par simulations sur un exemple académique, puis sur un modèle d’éolienne de type MADA.Le chapitre 4 porte sur la réduction des charges structurelles transmises par le vent à l’éolienne. Il est question d’une amélioration du contrôle de l’angle de pitch par action indépendante sur chaque pale en fonction de la position du rotor ou encore des perturbations liées au ventLe chapitre 5 est consacré à la conception d’un système d’antigivrage et dégivrage d’une pale dans le cadre d’un projet Aquitain. Après modélisation et identification du procédé, la commande CRONE est utilisée pour réguler la température d’une peinture polymère chauffante sous alimentation électrique disposée sur les pales. L’étude est complétée par la mise en place d’un observateur pour la détection de présence de givre.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Feytout, Benjamin;

    The research studies, in collaboration with VALEOL and IMS laboratory, propose several solutions to optimize the production and the efficiency of a wind turbine. The general theme of the work is based on control laws of the system or subsystems using the CRONE robust design. Each part highlights aspects of modeling, system identification and design before simulations or tests of scale and full size models.Chapter 1 provides an overview of the issues discussed in this manuscript, using states of the art and precisions on the industrial and economic context of 2013.Chapter 2 introduces the CRONE command for robust design. It is used to achieve the control of the rotation speed of a variable speed wind turbine, with an innovative architecture - mechanical variable speed solution and synchronous generator.Chapter 3 makes a comparison of three new optimization criteria for CRONE design. The aim is to reduce the methodology complexity and to facilitate handling by any user. The results are obtained through simulations on an academic example, then with a DFIG wind turbine model. Chapter 4 focuses on the reduction of structural loads transmitted by the wind on the turbine. It is about better control of the pitch angle by individual pitch control, depending on the rotor position or wind disturbances.Chapter 5 deals with the design of an anti-icing/de-icing system for blades. After the modeling and identification steps, the CRONE design is used to control the temperature of a heating coating disposed on the blades. An observer is finally designed to detect the presence of ice. Les études, menées en collaboration entre la société VALEOL et le laboratoire IMS, proposent des solutions pour optimiser la production et le fonctionnement d'une éolienne. Il s’agit de travailler sur les lois de commande du système ou des sous-systèmes en utilisant la commande CRONE, répondant à un besoin de robustesse. Chaque étude met en avant des aspects de modélisation, d’identification et de synthèse de lois de commande avant mises en application au travers de simulations ou d’essais sur modèles réduits et taille réelle.Le chapitre 1 donne une vision d’ensemble des problématiques traitées dans ce manuscrit, à l’aide d’états de l’art et de remise dans le contexte économique et industriel de 2013.Le chapitre 2 introduit la commande CRONE pour la synthèse de régulateurs robustes. Cette méthodologie est utilisée pour réaliser l’asservissement de la vitesse de rotation d’une éolienne à vitesse variable, présentant une architecture innovante avec un variateur de vitesse mécanique et génératrice synchrone.Le chapitre 3 établit la comparaison de trois nouveaux critères d’optimisation pour la méthodologie CRONE. Le but est de réduire sa complexité et de faciliter sa manipulation par tout utilisateur. Les résultats sur les différents critères sont obtenus par simulations sur un exemple académique, puis sur un modèle d’éolienne de type MADA.Le chapitre 4 porte sur la réduction des charges structurelles transmises par le vent à l’éolienne. Il est question d’une amélioration du contrôle de l’angle de pitch par action indépendante sur chaque pale en fonction de la position du rotor ou encore des perturbations liées au ventLe chapitre 5 est consacré à la conception d’un système d’antigivrage et dégivrage d’une pale dans le cadre d’un projet Aquitain. Après modélisation et identification du procédé, la commande CRONE est utilisée pour réguler la température d’une peinture polymère chauffante sous alimentation électrique disposée sur les pales. L’étude est complétée par la mise en place d’un observateur pour la détection de présence de givre.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Méquinion, Mathieu;

    La restriction alimentaire chronique correspond à un des troubles du comportement alimentaire observé en particulier dans l’anorexie mentale (AN) de type restrictif, pathologie qui touche essentiellement les adolescentes et les jeunes femmes. En plus de ce comportement restrictif, une activité physique importante est observée chez un grand nombre de patientes (40 à 80% des cas). Cette maladie se traduit par de nombreuses altérations physiologiques comme des perturbations neuroendocrines, métaboliques, osseuses (ostéopénie, ostéoporose) et ce quelle que soit la cause psychiatrique qui a conduit au développement de ce comportement. De plus, de nombreux arguments suggèrent que l’AN pourrait être considérée comme un trouble « addictif » qui se manifesterait par une addiction à la perte de poids et/ou à la restriction alimentaire ou encore à l’activité physique suggérant une altération du système dopaminergique de récompense. Ainsi, quelles que soient les origines de la maladie, l’AN entraîne des perturbations périphériques et centrales susceptibles d’être impliquées dans une première phase dite « d’adaptation » permettant aux malades de survivre à ces conditions drastiques. Les patients peuvent par la suite tomber dans une seconde phase de « chronicisation » dans laquelle ces mêmes facteurs pourraient être responsables de la dégradation de l’état des malades et conduire, dans les cas les plus graves d’épuisement, à la mort.Notre étude a comme pivot la ghréline, hormone orexigène, dont les concentrations plasmatiques sont augmentées significativement chez les patients anorexiques. Sécrétée principalement en périphérie par les cellules de l’estomac, elle va cibler plusieurs organes aussi bien périphériques que centraux. En particulier, au niveau périphérique, cette hormone agit au niveau du foie dont la principale fonction connue est le maintien de l’homéostasie glucidique. Elle agit également au niveau du tissu adipeux qui est alors stimulé, favorisant ainsi sa croissance avec un stockage des réserves et au niveau musculaire en entrainant entre autre une diminution des réserves de triglycérides. Au niveau du système nerveux central, parmi les sites d’action de la ghréline, on trouve les structures impliquées aussi bien dans le contrôle, qualifié d’homéostatique, de la prise alimentaire représenté par l’hypothalamus, que dans le contrôle, dit hédonique (motivation/récompense), de ce même comportement correspondant au circuit méso-limbique. Pour étudier son implication dans les mécanismes adaptatifs, et éventuellement, dans l’aggravation de la maladie, nous avons mis au point un modèle animal de restriction alimentaire chronique mimant les symptômes physiologiques de l’AN. Notre premier objectif a été de caractériser (« phénotypage ») ce modèle sur le plan physiologique (métabolique, endocrinien) afin de l’utiliser pour notre deuxième objectif : évaluation du rôle de la ghréline comme potentiel facteur prédictif de l’évolution de la maladie.Les données obtenues valident notre modèle comme un modèle pertinent pour étudier sur le long terme les altérations physiologiques et centrales décrites dans l’AN de type restrictif. Nous montrons que l’exercice physique modéré associé à la restriction alimentaire a des effets stabilisateurs sur de nombreux paramètres métaboliques limitant ainsi un épuisement prématuré des ressources énergétiques. En ce qui concerne la ghréline, les concentrations plasmatiques élevées observées dans notre modèle pourraient contribuer également à une régulation adaptative du métabolisme énergétique. Chronic food restriction is one of the major features observed in anorexia nervosa (AN), especially in the restrictive type. This major eating disorder affects mainly teenager girls and young women. Additionally to the restriction behavior, important physical activity is observed in a large number of patients (40-80% of cases). This disease induces various physiological alterations that concern neuroendocrine, metabolic and bone (osteopenia, osteoporosis) pathways, which have dramatic consequences on the patient’s health. Moreover, many arguments suggest that AN could be considered like an "addictiv" disorder supported by an addiction to weight loss and/or food restriction or physical activity. It thus suggests modifications of the central dopaminergic reward system. Furthermore, whatever the origins or the causes of this disorder, AN leads to peripheral and central alterations that might be involved in an "adaptation" phase allowing patients surviving to these drastic conditions. For some patients, a phase of "chronicity" is described in which these physiological changes may worsen the patient conditions and contribute, when exhaustion is amplifying, to death. Our study points out ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone whose plasma concentrations are significantly increased in AN patients. Mainly secreted by stomach cells, it targets multiple peripheral organs as well as numerous neuronal structures in the brain. At the peripheral level, this hormone acts among others in the liver whose main function is the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. It acts also on the adipose tissue to promote its growth that is associated with lipid storage and on muscle resulting in a reduction of triglycerides stock. At the central nervous system level, ghrelin have various targets like the structures involved in the homeostatic as well as hedonic (motivation/reward) control of food intake through the hypothalamus and the meso-cortico-limbic system respectively.To study the involvement of ghrelin in the potential adaptive mechanisms, and even in the worsening of the disease, we have developed an animal model of chronic food restriction associated or not with physical activity, mimicking the physiological symptoms of AN. Our first objective was to characterize and to phenotype the mouse model by evaluating various physiological (metabolic, endocrine) factors in order to study in our second objective the role of ghrelin as a potential predictor of disease progression.We showed that our mouse model constitutes a pertinent model to study on a long term duration the physiological and central altérations described in the restrictive type AN. Moreover, we showed that moderate physical activity associated with food restriction had stabilizing effects on numerous metabolic parameters that may reduce an early exhaustion of energy stocks. Concerning the role of ghrelin in such model, its plasma concentrations were increased like in AN patients and were suggested to contribute to the adaptive regulation of energy metabolism.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Méquinion, Mathieu;

    La restriction alimentaire chronique correspond à un des troubles du comportement alimentaire observé en particulier dans l’anorexie mentale (AN) de type restrictif, pathologie qui touche essentiellement les adolescentes et les jeunes femmes. En plus de ce comportement restrictif, une activité physique importante est observée chez un grand nombre de patientes (40 à 80% des cas). Cette maladie se traduit par de nombreuses altérations physiologiques comme des perturbations neuroendocrines, métaboliques, osseuses (ostéopénie, ostéoporose) et ce quelle que soit la cause psychiatrique qui a conduit au développement de ce comportement. De plus, de nombreux arguments suggèrent que l’AN pourrait être considérée comme un trouble « addictif » qui se manifesterait par une addiction à la perte de poids et/ou à la restriction alimentaire ou encore à l’activité physique suggérant une altération du système dopaminergique de récompense. Ainsi, quelles que soient les origines de la maladie, l’AN entraîne des perturbations périphériques et centrales susceptibles d’être impliquées dans une première phase dite « d’adaptation » permettant aux malades de survivre à ces conditions drastiques. Les patients peuvent par la suite tomber dans une seconde phase de « chronicisation » dans laquelle ces mêmes facteurs pourraient être responsables de la dégradation de l’état des malades et conduire, dans les cas les plus graves d’épuisement, à la mort.Notre étude a comme pivot la ghréline, hormone orexigène, dont les concentrations plasmatiques sont augmentées significativement chez les patients anorexiques. Sécrétée principalement en périphérie par les cellules de l’estomac, elle va cibler plusieurs organes aussi bien périphériques que centraux. En particulier, au niveau périphérique, cette hormone agit au niveau du foie dont la principale fonction connue est le maintien de l’homéostasie glucidique. Elle agit également au niveau du tissu adipeux qui est alors stimulé, favorisant ainsi sa croissance avec un stockage des réserves et au niveau musculaire en entrainant entre autre une diminution des réserves de triglycérides. Au niveau du système nerveux central, parmi les sites d’action de la ghréline, on trouve les structures impliquées aussi bien dans le contrôle, qualifié d’homéostatique, de la prise alimentaire représenté par l’hypothalamus, que dans le contrôle, dit hédonique (motivation/récompense), de ce même comportement correspondant au circuit méso-limbique. Pour étudier son implication dans les mécanismes adaptatifs, et éventuellement, dans l’aggravation de la maladie, nous avons mis au point un modèle animal de restriction alimentaire chronique mimant les symptômes physiologiques de l’AN. Notre premier objectif a été de caractériser (« phénotypage ») ce modèle sur le plan physiologique (métabolique, endocrinien) afin de l’utiliser pour notre deuxième objectif : évaluation du rôle de la ghréline comme potentiel facteur prédictif de l’évolution de la maladie.Les données obtenues valident notre modèle comme un modèle pertinent pour étudier sur le long terme les altérations physiologiques et centrales décrites dans l’AN de type restrictif. Nous montrons que l’exercice physique modéré associé à la restriction alimentaire a des effets stabilisateurs sur de nombreux paramètres métaboliques limitant ainsi un épuisement prématuré des ressources énergétiques. En ce qui concerne la ghréline, les concentrations plasmatiques élevées observées dans notre modèle pourraient contribuer également à une régulation adaptative du métabolisme énergétique. Chronic food restriction is one of the major features observed in anorexia nervosa (AN), especially in the restrictive type. This major eating disorder affects mainly teenager girls and young women. Additionally to the restriction behavior, important physical activity is observed in a large number of patients (40-80% of cases). This disease induces various physiological alterations that concern neuroendocrine, metabolic and bone (osteopenia, osteoporosis) pathways, which have dramatic consequences on the patient’s health. Moreover, many arguments suggest that AN could be considered like an "addictiv" disorder supported by an addiction to weight loss and/or food restriction or physical activity. It thus suggests modifications of the central dopaminergic reward system. Furthermore, whatever the origins or the causes of this disorder, AN leads to peripheral and central alterations that might be involved in an "adaptation" phase allowing patients surviving to these drastic conditions. For some patients, a phase of "chronicity" is described in which these physiological changes may worsen the patient conditions and contribute, when exhaustion is amplifying, to death. Our study points out ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone whose plasma concentrations are significantly increased in AN patients. Mainly secreted by stomach cells, it targets multiple peripheral organs as well as numerous neuronal structures in the brain. At the peripheral level, this hormone acts among others in the liver whose main function is the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. It acts also on the adipose tissue to promote its growth that is associated with lipid storage and on muscle resulting in a reduction of triglycerides stock. At the central nervous system level, ghrelin have various targets like the structures involved in the homeostatic as well as hedonic (motivation/reward) control of food intake through the hypothalamus and the meso-cortico-limbic system respectively.To study the involvement of ghrelin in the potential adaptive mechanisms, and even in the worsening of the disease, we have developed an animal model of chronic food restriction associated or not with physical activity, mimicking the physiological symptoms of AN. Our first objective was to characterize and to phenotype the mouse model by evaluating various physiological (metabolic, endocrine) factors in order to study in our second objective the role of ghrelin as a potential predictor of disease progression.We showed that our mouse model constitutes a pertinent model to study on a long term duration the physiological and central altérations described in the restrictive type AN. Moreover, we showed that moderate physical activity associated with food restriction had stabilizing effects on numerous metabolic parameters that may reduce an early exhaustion of energy stocks. Concerning the role of ghrelin in such model, its plasma concentrations were increased like in AN patients and were suggested to contribute to the adaptive regulation of energy metabolism.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fouqueray, Timothée;

    Adapting forest management to climate change (CC) is a key issue, as forests are crucial for mitigation policies and the provision of many ecosystem services (ES). Understanding the magnitude of the progress made in this respect can help shape further adaptation developments and avoid the putative maladaptive side effects of forest management evolutions. Here, I aim to bridge the knowledge gap of adaptation implementation in French forests.Chapter 1: Based on semi-structured interviews with foresters, my findings highlight unprecedented aspects of adaptations: (i) a focus on productive ES at the expense of other essential services such as water supply or natural habitats; (ii) adaptations rely on technical changes in forest management and do not deal with climate impacts through organizational or economic tools; and (iii) envisaging ecological processes through adaptations is instrumental and limited to small spatial and temporal scales. My results also extend the existing body of knowledge to the framework of forest management: (i) CC is not the main driver of forestry changes; (ii) extreme events are windows of opportunity to stimulate adaptive changes; and (iii) proactive adaptation to unexperienced hazards is very weak.Chapter 2: Assessment of the diversity of research projects in the forest sciences focusing on CC. I categorized projects according to discipline and main focus, using data from the online description of French public calls for proposals and from selected projects. Since 1997, mitigation research has gradually given way to adaptation. Despite pledges for the inclusion of social sciences, research rarely draws on the social sciences and focuses on ES of economic interest. Biomass production is paramount, being addressed either directly or through projects on tree species of industrial interest. Hence, instead of a diverse search for adaptation strategies, climate research is geared toward a few ES. Without denying the need for timber andbiofuel production, I encourage public funders to complement current calls for proposals with more diverse approaches beneficial for both biomass production and other ES.Chapter 3: I study how multiple mechanisms for the mitigation of CC have been developed, drawing on a combination of reducing and offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While mechanisms are mandatory for certain economic sectors, some business that are not required to mitigate their GHG emissions would nevertheless like to do so. I examine two study cases in France to analyze how public and private foresters seized this opportunity to obtain complementary funding from such companies for forestry operations. I focus on offset contracts issued by associations linking public sector forestry agencies, forest landowners, and offset funders. Carbon mitigation was a reason shared by all contractors to commit to the agreement, although it concealed multifarious motivations. Hence, I argue that voluntary offset contracts act like a Trojan horse by enabling foresters to dialogue with entities that would otherwise not be interested in supporting forest management. Regional embedding was crucial to overcoming the mitigation challenges.Chapter 4: To gain insight on how can socio-economic adaptive tools complement technical evolutions of forestry, I designed Foster Forest, a participatory simulation of forest management. It combines a role-playing game, an agent-based model, and a scenario of CC with high uncertainties. Drawing from multiple applications in French regions, I show that climate change is not a short-term matter of concern for private and public foresters. I analyze the emergence of socio-economic changes (mainly payment for carbon storage) in the provision of ES, and participants’ negotiations to spontaneously change the simulation rules. I also highlight how collective adaptive action was steered by stakeholders with a public interest role.; Les trajectoires socio-écologiques des forêts sont considérablement dépendantes des pratiques sylvicoles retenues par leurs gestionnaires. Or, ces choix de gestion sont susceptibles d’évoluer afin de prendre en compte les impacts des dérèglements du climat sur les milieux forestiers. L’objectif des travaux qui suivent est donc de comprendre les évolutions de la gestion forestière induites par les adaptations aux dérèglements climatiques (ACC). Ils se concentrent sur la France métropolitaine, dont les forêts sont l’un des écosystèmes les plus importants – elles en couvrent un tiers de la surface. Trois thématiques de recherche ont permis de décliner cette problématique : (1) la diversification des ACC (quels biens et services écosystémiques forestiers (BSE) cible-t-elle ?) ; (2) l’importance accordée par les forestiers aux approches techniques, en comparaison des réflexions portant sur l’organisation socio-économique de la gestion forestière ; et enfin (3) l’intégration des dynamiques écologiques dans la conception et la mise en œuvre d’adaptations aux changements climatiques.Chapitre 1 : Recensement, par des enquêtes de terrain, des ACC en forêts privées et publiques. Les adaptations répertoriées concernaient seulement quelques-uns des nombreux BSE forestiers, au premier rang desquels la production de bois, le stockage de carbone et la préservation des habitats naturels. Ces adaptations étaient avant tout mises en place pour répondre à des aléas climatiques déjà vécus par les forestiers. Surtout, ces adaptations relevaient d’évolutions des techniques sylvicoles, où les humains interviennent sur le socio-écosystème forestier, en modifiant les composantes naturelles.Chapitre 2 : J’ai étudié le financement public des projets de recherche portant simultanément sur les changements climatiques et sur la fores-terie. J’ai montré qu’une des causes du manque de considération des aspects socio-économiques de l’ACC provient de la prééminence de recherches techniques, très peu tournées vers les services écosystémiques socio-culturels, de régulation ou de soutien.Chapitre 3 : Retour au terrain, pour une étude de cas sur le paiement pour stockage de carbone. J’ai mis en relief comment la diversification des revenus engendrée par ce type d’innovation est un moyen indirect pour les forestiers de s’adapter aux changements climatiques, en diminuant leur dépendance à une production ligneuse fortement menacée par les dérèglements climatiques. Les atouts, mais aussi certaines limites techniques et conséquences socio-économiques de cette approche ont été soulignés.Chapitre 4 : Synthèse des apprentissages des chapitres précédents, grâce à la création d’une simulation participative de gestion forestière. Dans Foster Forest, divers acteurs de la gestion forestière sont plongés dans un scénario de fort changement climatique. Pour mener à bien leur propre mission, ils disposent d’une panoplie de pratiques sylvicoles inspirée de pratiques usuelles, mais qui ne suffisent pas à faire face aux perturbations climatiques. Pour compenser, les participants ont toute liberté de proposer des changements des règles du jeu afin de faire évoluer l’organisation socio-économique de leurs activités forestières. La dizaine d’applications de cette simulation participative, dans différentes régions françaises, a permis de confirmer les résultats des chapitres précédents. Les parties jouées ont aussi apporté un éclairage sur l’importance des structures d’animation territoriale dans l’élaboration de projets d’adaptations, à des échelles complémentaires des seules visions « à la parcelle ».

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fouqueray, Timothée;

    Adapting forest management to climate change (CC) is a key issue, as forests are crucial for mitigation policies and the provision of many ecosystem services (ES). Understanding the magnitude of the progress made in this respect can help shape further adaptation developments and avoid the putative maladaptive side effects of forest management evolutions. Here, I aim to bridge the knowledge gap of adaptation implementation in French forests.Chapter 1: Based on semi-structured interviews with foresters, my findings highlight unprecedented aspects of adaptations: (i) a focus on productive ES at the expense of other essential services such as water supply or natural habitats; (ii) adaptations rely on technical changes in forest management and do not deal with climate impacts through organizational or economic tools; and (iii) envisaging ecological processes through adaptations is instrumental and limited to small spatial and temporal scales. My results also extend the existing body of knowledge to the framework of forest management: (i) CC is not the main driver of forestry changes; (ii) extreme events are windows of opportunity to stimulate adaptive changes; and (iii) proactive adaptation to unexperienced hazards is very weak.Chapter 2: Assessment of the diversity of research projects in the forest sciences focusing on CC. I categorized projects according to discipline and main focus, using data from the online description of French public calls for proposals and from selected projects. Since 1997, mitigation research has gradually given way to adaptation. Despite pledges for the inclusion of social sciences, research rarely draws on the social sciences and focuses on ES of economic interest. Biomass production is paramount, being addressed either directly or through projects on tree species of industrial interest. Hence, instead of a diverse search for adaptation strategies, climate research is geared toward a few ES. Without denying the need for timber andbiofuel production, I encourage public funders to complement current calls for proposals with more diverse approaches beneficial for both biomass production and other ES.Chapter 3: I study how multiple mechanisms for the mitigation of CC have been developed, drawing on a combination of reducing and offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While mechanisms are mandatory for certain economic sectors, some business that are not required to mitigate their GHG emissions would nevertheless like to do so. I examine two study cases in France to analyze how public and private foresters seized this opportunity to obtain complementary funding from such companies for forestry operations. I focus on offset contracts issued by associations linking public sector forestry agencies, forest landowners, and offset funders. Carbon mitigation was a reason shared by all contractors to commit to the agreement, although it concealed multifarious motivations. Hence, I argue that voluntary offset contracts act like a Trojan horse by enabling foresters to dialogue with entities that would otherwise not be interested in supporting forest management. Regional embedding was crucial to overcoming the mitigation challenges.Chapter 4: To gain insight on how can socio-economic adaptive tools complement technical evolutions of forestry, I designed Foster Forest, a participatory simulation of forest management. It combines a role-playing game, an agent-based model, and a scenario of CC with high uncertainties. Drawing from multiple applications in French regions, I show that climate change is not a short-term matter of concern for private and public foresters. I analyze the emergence of socio-economic changes (mainly payment for carbon storage) in the provision of ES, and participants’ negotiations to spontaneously change the simulation rules. I also highlight how collective adaptive action was steered by stakeholders with a public interest role.; Les trajectoires socio-écologiques des forêts sont considérablement dépendantes des pratiques sylvicoles retenues par leurs gestionnaires. Or, ces choix de gestion sont susceptibles d’évoluer afin de prendre en compte les impacts des dérèglements du climat sur les milieux forestiers. L’objectif des travaux qui suivent est donc de comprendre les évolutions de la gestion forestière induites par les adaptations aux dérèglements climatiques (ACC). Ils se concentrent sur la France métropolitaine, dont les forêts sont l’un des écosystèmes les plus importants – elles en couvrent un tiers de la surface. Trois thématiques de recherche ont permis de décliner cette problématique : (1) la diversification des ACC (quels biens et services écosystémiques forestiers (BSE) cible-t-elle ?) ; (2) l’importance accordée par les forestiers aux approches techniques, en comparaison des réflexions portant sur l’organisation socio-économique de la gestion forestière ; et enfin (3) l’intégration des dynamiques écologiques dans la conception et la mise en œuvre d’adaptations aux changements climatiques.Chapitre 1 : Recensement, par des enquêtes de terrain, des ACC en forêts privées et publiques. Les adaptations répertoriées concernaient seulement quelques-uns des nombreux BSE forestiers, au premier rang desquels la production de bois, le stockage de carbone et la préservation des habitats naturels. Ces adaptations étaient avant tout mises en place pour répondre à des aléas climatiques déjà vécus par les forestiers. Surtout, ces adaptations relevaient d’évolutions des techniques sylvicoles, où les humains interviennent sur le socio-écosystème forestier, en modifiant les composantes naturelles.Chapitre 2 : J’ai étudié le financement public des projets de recherche portant simultanément sur les changements climatiques et sur la fores-terie. J’ai montré qu’une des causes du manque de considération des aspects socio-économiques de l’ACC provient de la prééminence de recherches techniques, très peu tournées vers les services écosystémiques socio-culturels, de régulation ou de soutien.Chapitre 3 : Retour au terrain, pour une étude de cas sur le paiement pour stockage de carbone. J’ai mis en relief comment la diversification des revenus engendrée par ce type d’innovation est un moyen indirect pour les forestiers de s’adapter aux changements climatiques, en diminuant leur dépendance à une production ligneuse fortement menacée par les dérèglements climatiques. Les atouts, mais aussi certaines limites techniques et conséquences socio-économiques de cette approche ont été soulignés.Chapitre 4 : Synthèse des apprentissages des chapitres précédents, grâce à la création d’une simulation participative de gestion forestière. Dans Foster Forest, divers acteurs de la gestion forestière sont plongés dans un scénario de fort changement climatique. Pour mener à bien leur propre mission, ils disposent d’une panoplie de pratiques sylvicoles inspirée de pratiques usuelles, mais qui ne suffisent pas à faire face aux perturbations climatiques. Pour compenser, les participants ont toute liberté de proposer des changements des règles du jeu afin de faire évoluer l’organisation socio-économique de leurs activités forestières. La dizaine d’applications de cette simulation participative, dans différentes régions françaises, a permis de confirmer les résultats des chapitres précédents. Les parties jouées ont aussi apporté un éclairage sur l’importance des structures d’animation territoriale dans l’élaboration de projets d’adaptations, à des échelles complémentaires des seules visions « à la parcelle ».

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • chevron_left
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • chevron_right
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Advanced search in Research products
Research products
arrow_drop_down
Searching FieldsTerms
Any field
arrow_drop_down
includes
arrow_drop_down
The following results are related to Energy Research. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
2,208 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lailliau, Maxence;

    With the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the search for new alternatives such as biofuels produced from biomass has intensified. A wide variety of compounds can be produced by treating this biomass. Ethers are one of them and can be used as additives to conventional fuels or as fuel. To this end, it is necessary to have a better knowledge of the kinetics of the oxidation of these compounds which differ from conventional fuels by the presence of oxygen atoms in their structure, making the chemistry more complex. This thesis aims to develop kinetic mechanisms of the oxidation of simple ethers based on experimental data obtained in jet stirred reactor. The oxidation of four ethers at atmospheric pressure and high pressure (10 atm) was studied over a wide range of temperatures (450 - 1250 K) under different equivalence ratios (0.5 to 4). The mole fraction profiles of the reactants, products of combustion and main stable intermediates were measured by gas chromatography, infra-red spectrometry or photoionization mass spectrometry using synchrotron radiation. The results thus obtained then served as a basis for validating kinetic mechanisms modeling the oxidation of these species whose agreement with the measurements is globally satisfactory for compounds for which few studies are available.; Avec l’épuisement des ressources en combustible fossile, la recherche de nouveaux carburants alternatifs tels que les biocarburants produits à partir de biomasse s’est intensifiée. Une grande variété de composés peut être produite par traitement de cette biomasse. Les éthers en font partie et peuvent être utilisés comme additifs aux carburants classiques ou comme carburant. À cette fin, il faut disposer d’une meilleure connaissance de la cinétique chimique d’oxydation de ces composés qui diffèrent des carburants conventionnels par la présence d’atomes d’oxygène dans leur structure, rendant la chimie plus complexe. Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer des mécanismes cinétiques d’oxydation d’éthers simples à partir de données expérimentales obtenues en réacteur auto-agité par jets gazeux. L’oxydation de quatre éthers à pression atmosphérique et haute pression (10 atm) a été étudiée sur un large domaine de température (450 - 1250 K) dans différentes conditions de richesse de mélange (0,5 à 4). Les profils de fraction molaire des réactifs, produits de combustion et intermédiaires réactionnels stables ont été mesurés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse, spectrométrie infra-rouge ou spectrométrie de masse à photo-ionisation par rayonnement synchrotron. Les résultats ainsi obtenus ont ensuite servi de base pour valider des mécanismes cinétique modélisant l’oxydation de ces espèces dont l’accord avec les mesures est globalement satisfaisant pour des composés pour lesquels peu d’études sont disponibles.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lailliau, Maxence;

    With the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the search for new alternatives such as biofuels produced from biomass has intensified. A wide variety of compounds can be produced by treating this biomass. Ethers are one of them and can be used as additives to conventional fuels or as fuel. To this end, it is necessary to have a better knowledge of the kinetics of the oxidation of these compounds which differ from conventional fuels by the presence of oxygen atoms in their structure, making the chemistry more complex. This thesis aims to develop kinetic mechanisms of the oxidation of simple ethers based on experimental data obtained in jet stirred reactor. The oxidation of four ethers at atmospheric pressure and high pressure (10 atm) was studied over a wide range of temperatures (450 - 1250 K) under different equivalence ratios (0.5 to 4). The mole fraction profiles of the reactants, products of combustion and main stable intermediates were measured by gas chromatography, infra-red spectrometry or photoionization mass spectrometry using synchrotron radiation. The results thus obtained then served as a basis for validating kinetic mechanisms modeling the oxidation of these species whose agreement with the measurements is globally satisfactory for compounds for which few studies are available.; Avec l’épuisement des ressources en combustible fossile, la recherche de nouveaux carburants alternatifs tels que les biocarburants produits à partir de biomasse s’est intensifiée. Une grande variété de composés peut être produite par traitement de cette biomasse. Les éthers en font partie et peuvent être utilisés comme additifs aux carburants classiques ou comme carburant. À cette fin, il faut disposer d’une meilleure connaissance de la cinétique chimique d’oxydation de ces composés qui diffèrent des carburants conventionnels par la présence d’atomes d’oxygène dans leur structure, rendant la chimie plus complexe. Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer des mécanismes cinétiques d’oxydation d’éthers simples à partir de données expérimentales obtenues en réacteur auto-agité par jets gazeux. L’oxydation de quatre éthers à pression atmosphérique et haute pression (10 atm) a été étudiée sur un large domaine de température (450 - 1250 K) dans différentes conditions de richesse de mélange (0,5 à 4). Les profils de fraction molaire des réactifs, produits de combustion et intermédiaires réactionnels stables ont été mesurés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse, spectrométrie infra-rouge ou spectrométrie de masse à photo-ionisation par rayonnement synchrotron. Les résultats ainsi obtenus ont ensuite servi de base pour valider des mécanismes cinétique modélisant l’oxydation de ces espèces dont l’accord avec les mesures est globalement satisfaisant pour des composés pour lesquels peu d’études sont disponibles.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anoufa, Mickaël;

    Dans le stockage d’énergie, les alternatives aux énergies fossiles sont peu nombreuses. Le stockage d’énergie dans un condensateur, permet d’atteindre de grande puissances électriques, mais pour une densité d’énergie trop faible. La présente thèse à pour objectif la compréhension des nano-céramiques ferroélectriques afin d’augmenter leur densité d’énergie et de se diriger ainsi vers un super-condensateur céramique. Nous avons développé dans un premier temps un modèle par champs effectif moyen du système core-shell. Une fois introduit dans l’énergie libre de Landau, ce modèle donne une idée de la densité d’énergie d’un système ferroélectrique donné. Les calculs – sur quelques pérovskites courantes - indiquent que la densité d’énergie reste relativement faible. Néanmoins nos calculs montrent que l’on peu optimiser le stockage d’énergie dans de telles céramiques en enrobant des grains de forme allongée comme des disques ou des fils. En outre, ce modèle phénoménologique permet d’expliquer de nombreuses mesures expérimentales sur les céramiques, y compris dans le cas ou s’ajoute de la conductivité et de la relaxation de Maxwell-Wagner. Nous nous sommes tournés par la suite vers une modélisation ab-initio : l’Hamiltonien effectif. La modélisation de nano-système core-shell de BaTiO3 a montré la présence d’un paramètre d’ordre particulier : le moment toroïdale. Ce paramètre d’ordre peut impliquer un comportement diélectrique différent. Introduit dans une description phénoménologique de type Landau, ce dernier est responsable de la disparition de la phase orthorhombique dans BaTiO3. La synthèse de nanoparticules de BaTiO3 de formes cubiques et homogènes, nous a permis de faire une série de mesure. Les mesures MET, RAMAN, RX, diélectriques sur les poudres et les céramiques, suggèrent la présences de transitions de phases générées par la présence d’un paramètre d’ordre similaire à celui observé dans modélisation ab-initio. For energy storage applications, fossils energies are difficult to compete. By storing energy in capacitors, one can get a huge electric power. However the density of energy in a capacitor is too weak to be interesting in energy storage application. The present thesis aims to understand the well known core-shell system in ferroelectric nano-ceramics and the influence of the geometry of the grain in order to determine and optimize the density of energy in this kind of dielectric, going toward an ultra-capacitor of ceramics. We have first developed an effective-medium core-shell model. By introducing this model in the phenomenological Landau Free energy of several ferroelectrics, we can get quantitative information about of density of energy in these materials. Our calculation for common ferroelectrics has shown that the density of energy remains too weak to become interesting. However, the density of energy can be optimized by using nano-disks or nano-rods in a structured ceramic. Our model agrees well with experimental results, even with extrinsic phenomena like the Maxwell-Wagner relaxation. To go further, we have modeled the BaTiO3 core-shell system using an effective Hamiltonian. The model shows that a new order parameter is observed in the core-shell system namely the toroidal moment. This order affects the dielectrics behavior of coated dots, and for important coating can lead to significant differences with Landau predictions. Moreover, by introducing the toroidal moment in Landau formalism, we can predict the disappearance of the orthorhombic phase in BaTiO3.The synthesis of homogenized cubic BaTiO3 particles, allowed us to make experimental measurement. The combination of RX, Dielectric and Raman measurements lead to a phase diagram for BaTiO3 that can be explain by the presence of a toroidal moment.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anoufa, Mickaël;

    Dans le stockage d’énergie, les alternatives aux énergies fossiles sont peu nombreuses. Le stockage d’énergie dans un condensateur, permet d’atteindre de grande puissances électriques, mais pour une densité d’énergie trop faible. La présente thèse à pour objectif la compréhension des nano-céramiques ferroélectriques afin d’augmenter leur densité d’énergie et de se diriger ainsi vers un super-condensateur céramique. Nous avons développé dans un premier temps un modèle par champs effectif moyen du système core-shell. Une fois introduit dans l’énergie libre de Landau, ce modèle donne une idée de la densité d’énergie d’un système ferroélectrique donné. Les calculs – sur quelques pérovskites courantes - indiquent que la densité d’énergie reste relativement faible. Néanmoins nos calculs montrent que l’on peu optimiser le stockage d’énergie dans de telles céramiques en enrobant des grains de forme allongée comme des disques ou des fils. En outre, ce modèle phénoménologique permet d’expliquer de nombreuses mesures expérimentales sur les céramiques, y compris dans le cas ou s’ajoute de la conductivité et de la relaxation de Maxwell-Wagner. Nous nous sommes tournés par la suite vers une modélisation ab-initio : l’Hamiltonien effectif. La modélisation de nano-système core-shell de BaTiO3 a montré la présence d’un paramètre d’ordre particulier : le moment toroïdale. Ce paramètre d’ordre peut impliquer un comportement diélectrique différent. Introduit dans une description phénoménologique de type Landau, ce dernier est responsable de la disparition de la phase orthorhombique dans BaTiO3. La synthèse de nanoparticules de BaTiO3 de formes cubiques et homogènes, nous a permis de faire une série de mesure. Les mesures MET, RAMAN, RX, diélectriques sur les poudres et les céramiques, suggèrent la présences de transitions de phases générées par la présence d’un paramètre d’ordre similaire à celui observé dans modélisation ab-initio. For energy storage applications, fossils energies are difficult to compete. By storing energy in capacitors, one can get a huge electric power. However the density of energy in a capacitor is too weak to be interesting in energy storage application. The present thesis aims to understand the well known core-shell system in ferroelectric nano-ceramics and the influence of the geometry of the grain in order to determine and optimize the density of energy in this kind of dielectric, going toward an ultra-capacitor of ceramics. We have first developed an effective-medium core-shell model. By introducing this model in the phenomenological Landau Free energy of several ferroelectrics, we can get quantitative information about of density of energy in these materials. Our calculation for common ferroelectrics has shown that the density of energy remains too weak to become interesting. However, the density of energy can be optimized by using nano-disks or nano-rods in a structured ceramic. Our model agrees well with experimental results, even with extrinsic phenomena like the Maxwell-Wagner relaxation. To go further, we have modeled the BaTiO3 core-shell system using an effective Hamiltonian. The model shows that a new order parameter is observed in the core-shell system namely the toroidal moment. This order affects the dielectrics behavior of coated dots, and for important coating can lead to significant differences with Landau predictions. Moreover, by introducing the toroidal moment in Landau formalism, we can predict the disappearance of the orthorhombic phase in BaTiO3.The synthesis of homogenized cubic BaTiO3 particles, allowed us to make experimental measurement. The combination of RX, Dielectric and Raman measurements lead to a phase diagram for BaTiO3 that can be explain by the presence of a toroidal moment.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Leclere, David;

    Les systèmes agricoles sont intimement liés au changement climatique : ils sont d'une part affectés par la dérive de son état moyen et de sa variabilité, et sont d'autre part des contributeurs nets à l'évolution du climat par l'extension de leur surface et l'intensité de leur gestion. L'évolution du système climat-agriculture repose sur nombreux mécanismes qui s'étendent sur une large gamme d'échelles temporelles et spatiales, et sont interdépendants. Pour réduire l'incertitude associée à l'évolution de ce système et guider les choix collectifs pertinents, il est nécessaire d'intégrer ces processus sur cette gamme d'échelle temporelle et spatiale. Dans cette thèse, je me suis intéressé aux échelles spatiales allant de la plus petite unité décisionnelle des systèmes de production agricole (l'exploitation) à celle de la décision publique concernant ces interactions entre climat et agriculture (échelle nationale à supranationale). Je me suis d'autre part intéressé au court terme (quelques années) et à l'Europe. J'ai poursuivi le développement d'un outil de modélisation reposant sur le couplage du modèle d'offre agricole Européenne (AROPAj) et du modèle générique de culture (STICS), qui permet de prendre en compte les mécanismes adéquats à l'échelle du système de production, et leurs facteurs d'hétérogénéité à l'échelle de l'Europe. Cet outil m'a permis de mettre en valeur le rôle important à l'échelle Européenne des mécanismes de court-terme dans la réponse de l'offre agricole au changement climatique. En particulier, la prise en compte des adaptations de court terme des systèmes de production agricole modifie la vision habituellement retenue des impacts du changement climatique en Europe. J'ai de plus développé des méthodes alliant agronomie et statistique pour explorer l'hétérogénéité du comportement des principales cultures Européenne sous changement climatique entre régions, espèces et scénarios de changement climatique. Enfin, j'ai pu mettre en valeur la faible interaction en première analyse entre adaptation au changement climatique et réponse à la mise en place d'une politique réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre au niveau des systèmes de production agricole. Agriculture, and the climate system are closely linked: agricultural systems are driven by changes in mean climate and its variability, while their expansion and intensification contribute to the anthropogenic perturbation of the climate system. The evolution of the climate-agriculture system relies on numerous processes, which extend over a wide large range of temporal and spatial scale, and are intertwined. It is necessary to integrate these processes across scales in order to both reduce the uncertainty that overshadow the evolution of the system, and help clever decision making. In this work, I focused on that integration goal in the specific case of Europe for short-term time scales in a future horizon. I focused on typical spatial scales of decision making: from the smallest decision unit in agriculture (farm scale) to the one of policy making regarding agriculture-climate interactions (Europe). I continued the development of a modelling framework relying on the coupling of a microeconomic model of European agricultural supply (AROPAj) to a generic crop model (STICS), which account for adequate processes at farm scale, and for the factors that drive the heterogeneity in their net effects over Europe. This tool allowed me to highlight the specific role of farm-scale adaptations in the response of European agricultural supply to climate change. In particular, accounting for these processes alters the usual picture of climate change impacts over Europe. I further developed analytical methods building on agronomic and statistic knowledge to explore the heterogeneity in the response of major European crops, among geographical locations, species, and climate change scenarios. Finally, first results showed that at the farm scale, little interaction is expected between the adaptation to climate change and the implementation of a greenhouse gas mitigation policy targeting the agricultural sector.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL INRAE
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: HAL INRAE
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Leclere, David;

    Les systèmes agricoles sont intimement liés au changement climatique : ils sont d'une part affectés par la dérive de son état moyen et de sa variabilité, et sont d'autre part des contributeurs nets à l'évolution du climat par l'extension de leur surface et l'intensité de leur gestion. L'évolution du système climat-agriculture repose sur nombreux mécanismes qui s'étendent sur une large gamme d'échelles temporelles et spatiales, et sont interdépendants. Pour réduire l'incertitude associée à l'évolution de ce système et guider les choix collectifs pertinents, il est nécessaire d'intégrer ces processus sur cette gamme d'échelle temporelle et spatiale. Dans cette thèse, je me suis intéressé aux échelles spatiales allant de la plus petite unité décisionnelle des systèmes de production agricole (l'exploitation) à celle de la décision publique concernant ces interactions entre climat et agriculture (échelle nationale à supranationale). Je me suis d'autre part intéressé au court terme (quelques années) et à l'Europe. J'ai poursuivi le développement d'un outil de modélisation reposant sur le couplage du modèle d'offre agricole Européenne (AROPAj) et du modèle générique de culture (STICS), qui permet de prendre en compte les mécanismes adéquats à l'échelle du système de production, et leurs facteurs d'hétérogénéité à l'échelle de l'Europe. Cet outil m'a permis de mettre en valeur le rôle important à l'échelle Européenne des mécanismes de court-terme dans la réponse de l'offre agricole au changement climatique. En particulier, la prise en compte des adaptations de court terme des systèmes de production agricole modifie la vision habituellement retenue des impacts du changement climatique en Europe. J'ai de plus développé des méthodes alliant agronomie et statistique pour explorer l'hétérogénéité du comportement des principales cultures Européenne sous changement climatique entre régions, espèces et scénarios de changement climatique. Enfin, j'ai pu mettre en valeur la faible interaction en première analyse entre adaptation au changement climatique et réponse à la mise en place d'une politique réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre au niveau des systèmes de production agricole. Agriculture, and the climate system are closely linked: agricultural systems are driven by changes in mean climate and its variability, while their expansion and intensification contribute to the anthropogenic perturbation of the climate system. The evolution of the climate-agriculture system relies on numerous processes, which extend over a wide large range of temporal and spatial scale, and are intertwined. It is necessary to integrate these processes across scales in order to both reduce the uncertainty that overshadow the evolution of the system, and help clever decision making. In this work, I focused on that integration goal in the specific case of Europe for short-term time scales in a future horizon. I focused on typical spatial scales of decision making: from the smallest decision unit in agriculture (farm scale) to the one of policy making regarding agriculture-climate interactions (Europe). I continued the development of a modelling framework relying on the coupling of a microeconomic model of European agricultural supply (AROPAj) to a generic crop model (STICS), which account for adequate processes at farm scale, and for the factors that drive the heterogeneity in their net effects over Europe. This tool allowed me to highlight the specific role of farm-scale adaptations in the response of European agricultural supply to climate change. In particular, accounting for these processes alters the usual picture of climate change impacts over Europe. I further developed analytical methods building on agronomic and statistic knowledge to explore the heterogeneity in the response of major European crops, among geographical locations, species, and climate change scenarios. Finally, first results showed that at the farm scale, little interaction is expected between the adaptation to climate change and the implementation of a greenhouse gas mitigation policy targeting the agricultural sector.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL INRAE
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: HAL INRAE
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vimeux, Françoise;

    Reconstruire les variations passées de notre climat permet de mieux appréhender le fonctionnement de notre système climatique.Les carottes de glace issues des calottes polaires et des glaciers montagneux de haute altitude sont de très bonnes archivesclimatiques. Les glaciers présents sur les sommets des Andes sud-américaines sont ainsi exploités depuis les années 80. Une dizainede carottages ont été réalisés depuis l’équateur jusqu’en Patagonie. Ils recouvrent des périodes très différentes allant du derniersiècle, jusqu’à la dernière transition glaciaire-interglaciaire qui débute il y a 21 000 ans. La datation de ces carottes combine unensemble de méthodes : comptage des cycles saisonniers des éléments chimiques et de la composition isotopique de la glace, analysede la concentration des éléments radioactifs issus des tests atmosphériques nucléaires au XXe siècle et modélisation de l’écoulementdu glacier pour la partie la plus profonde. Le présent article illustre deux résultats intéressants apportés par l’étude de la compositionisotopique de ces glaces. Le premier concerne la période du Petit Âge Glaciaire au XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle. L’analyse isotopique de la glacede deux carottes prélevées en Bolivie (Illimani) et au Pérou (Quelccaya), couplée à l’étude de l’extension des glaciers au mêmemoment, montre des conditions climatiques légèrement plus humides et plus froides de 1650 à 1780. Le second résultat est déduitde l’analyse isotopique d’une carotte prélevée en Patagonie du Nord (San Valentin) qui recouvre les 120 dernières années. L’enregistrementisotopique suggère que la température dans cette région a progressivement diminué au cours de cette période d’environ0,2 °C par décennie, venant prolonger une tendance mesurée par les stations météorologiques chiliennes depuis les années 70 malgréun contexte de réchauffement global. The reconstruction of past climate variability offers important information about our climate system. Ice cores extractedfrom polar ice sheets or from mountainous glaciers are among the most popular climate archives. Ice cores from Andean glaciersin South America have been studied since the 1980’s. Almost ten ice cores have been extracted from the equator to Patagonia. Theycover different time periods from the last century to the last glacial-interglacial termination that started 21,000 years ago. Those icecores are usually dated by using a combination of methods: annual layers counting in both isotopic and chemical ice composition,radionuclides concentration analysis to detect atmospheric nuclear tests during the 20th century and ice flow modeling for the deepestpart of those cores. This paper presents two interesting results arising from the isotopic composition of the ice. The first one dealswith the isotopic records of Bolivian (Illimani) and Peruvian (Quelccaya) ice cores in regards to the reconstruction of glacier extentduring the little ice age in the 17th-18th century. Both approaches suggest a slightly moister and cooler period from 1650 to 1780. Thesecond result arises from the 120-year long isotopic record of an ice core drilled in Patagonia (San Valentin). It suggests that at theregional scale, temperature has regularly decreased of about 0.2 °C per decade, extending the temperature decrease shown by Chileanmeteorological data since the 1970’s despite a global warming.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-IRD
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-CEA
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-CEA
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-INSU
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-INSU
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-IRD
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-IRD
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-CEA
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-CEA
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-INSU
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-INSU
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vimeux, Françoise;

    Reconstruire les variations passées de notre climat permet de mieux appréhender le fonctionnement de notre système climatique.Les carottes de glace issues des calottes polaires et des glaciers montagneux de haute altitude sont de très bonnes archivesclimatiques. Les glaciers présents sur les sommets des Andes sud-américaines sont ainsi exploités depuis les années 80. Une dizainede carottages ont été réalisés depuis l’équateur jusqu’en Patagonie. Ils recouvrent des périodes très différentes allant du derniersiècle, jusqu’à la dernière transition glaciaire-interglaciaire qui débute il y a 21 000 ans. La datation de ces carottes combine unensemble de méthodes : comptage des cycles saisonniers des éléments chimiques et de la composition isotopique de la glace, analysede la concentration des éléments radioactifs issus des tests atmosphériques nucléaires au XXe siècle et modélisation de l’écoulementdu glacier pour la partie la plus profonde. Le présent article illustre deux résultats intéressants apportés par l’étude de la compositionisotopique de ces glaces. Le premier concerne la période du Petit Âge Glaciaire au XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle. L’analyse isotopique de la glacede deux carottes prélevées en Bolivie (Illimani) et au Pérou (Quelccaya), couplée à l’étude de l’extension des glaciers au mêmemoment, montre des conditions climatiques légèrement plus humides et plus froides de 1650 à 1780. Le second résultat est déduitde l’analyse isotopique d’une carotte prélevée en Patagonie du Nord (San Valentin) qui recouvre les 120 dernières années. L’enregistrementisotopique suggère que la température dans cette région a progressivement diminué au cours de cette période d’environ0,2 °C par décennie, venant prolonger une tendance mesurée par les stations météorologiques chiliennes depuis les années 70 malgréun contexte de réchauffement global. The reconstruction of past climate variability offers important information about our climate system. Ice cores extractedfrom polar ice sheets or from mountainous glaciers are among the most popular climate archives. Ice cores from Andean glaciersin South America have been studied since the 1980’s. Almost ten ice cores have been extracted from the equator to Patagonia. Theycover different time periods from the last century to the last glacial-interglacial termination that started 21,000 years ago. Those icecores are usually dated by using a combination of methods: annual layers counting in both isotopic and chemical ice composition,radionuclides concentration analysis to detect atmospheric nuclear tests during the 20th century and ice flow modeling for the deepestpart of those cores. This paper presents two interesting results arising from the isotopic composition of the ice. The first one dealswith the isotopic records of Bolivian (Illimani) and Peruvian (Quelccaya) ice cores in regards to the reconstruction of glacier extentduring the little ice age in the 17th-18th century. Both approaches suggest a slightly moister and cooler period from 1650 to 1780. Thesecond result arises from the 120-year long isotopic record of an ice core drilled in Patagonia (San Valentin). It suggests that at theregional scale, temperature has regularly decreased of about 0.2 °C per decade, extending the temperature decrease shown by Chileanmeteorological data since the 1970’s despite a global warming.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-IRD
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-CEA
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-CEA
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-INSU
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL-INSU
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-IRD
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-IRD
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-CEA
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-CEA
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-INSU
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: HAL-INSU
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rizk, Joelle;

    Confidentielle jusqu'au 31 décembre 2013Co-encadrement de la thèse : Maroun Nemer; Distillation columns are one of the main methods used for separating the components of the air. Their inconvenient is the high energy consumption. In order to produce the oxygen needed for oxycombustion with low energy costs, a diabatic distillation column for cryogenic air separation is designed and modeled. It consists of a shell and tubes heat exchanger where the tubes constitute a first column operating at low pressure and the shell a second one operating at high pressure. Coupled mass and heat transfers are modeled and the diabatic column simulated. A comparative exergy analysis between three types of distillation columns for cryogenic air separation shows that the exergy efficiency of the diabatic column designed is 23 % higher than that of the conventional double columns. The distribution of the mixtures in the tubes and the shell is a key point in the distillation process in the shell and tubes heat exchanger. The different forms of uneven distribution are studied and solutions are proposed. A pilot is designed in order to validate experimentally the theoretical concept of diabatic distillation of cryogenic air.; Les colonnes de distillation de l'air constituent l'un des procédés principaux de séparation des composants de l'air mais posent le problème des consommations énergétiques élevées. Dans le but de produire les quantités d'oxygène nécessaire pour les procédés d'oxycombustion à faibles coûts énergétiques, une colonne de distillation diabatique pour la séparation de l'air cryogénique est conçue et modélisée. Elle consiste en un échangeur tubes-calandre où les tubes constituent une première colonne opérant à basse pression et la calandre en constitue une deuxième opérant à haute pression. Les transferts de masse et de chaleur couplés sont modélisés et le fonctionnement de la colonne est simulé. Une analyse exergétique comparative entre trois types de colonnes de distillation d'air cryogénique montre que l'efficacité exergétique de la colonne diabatique conçue est 23 % fois plus élevée que celle des colonnes doubles conventionnelles. La distribution des mélanges dans les tubes et dans la calandre est un point clé dans le procédé de distillation dans l'échangeur tubes-calandre. Les différentes formes de mal répartition sont étudiées et des solutions proposées. Une colonne pilote est dimensionnée pour valider expérimentalement le concept théorique de la distillation diabatique de l'air cryogénique.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rizk, Joelle;

    Confidentielle jusqu'au 31 décembre 2013Co-encadrement de la thèse : Maroun Nemer; Distillation columns are one of the main methods used for separating the components of the air. Their inconvenient is the high energy consumption. In order to produce the oxygen needed for oxycombustion with low energy costs, a diabatic distillation column for cryogenic air separation is designed and modeled. It consists of a shell and tubes heat exchanger where the tubes constitute a first column operating at low pressure and the shell a second one operating at high pressure. Coupled mass and heat transfers are modeled and the diabatic column simulated. A comparative exergy analysis between three types of distillation columns for cryogenic air separation shows that the exergy efficiency of the diabatic column designed is 23 % higher than that of the conventional double columns. The distribution of the mixtures in the tubes and the shell is a key point in the distillation process in the shell and tubes heat exchanger. The different forms of uneven distribution are studied and solutions are proposed. A pilot is designed in order to validate experimentally the theoretical concept of diabatic distillation of cryogenic air.; Les colonnes de distillation de l'air constituent l'un des procédés principaux de séparation des composants de l'air mais posent le problème des consommations énergétiques élevées. Dans le but de produire les quantités d'oxygène nécessaire pour les procédés d'oxycombustion à faibles coûts énergétiques, une colonne de distillation diabatique pour la séparation de l'air cryogénique est conçue et modélisée. Elle consiste en un échangeur tubes-calandre où les tubes constituent une première colonne opérant à basse pression et la calandre en constitue une deuxième opérant à haute pression. Les transferts de masse et de chaleur couplés sont modélisés et le fonctionnement de la colonne est simulé. Une analyse exergétique comparative entre trois types de colonnes de distillation d'air cryogénique montre que l'efficacité exergétique de la colonne diabatique conçue est 23 % fois plus élevée que celle des colonnes doubles conventionnelles. La distribution des mélanges dans les tubes et dans la calandre est un point clé dans le procédé de distillation dans l'échangeur tubes-calandre. Les différentes formes de mal répartition sont étudiées et des solutions proposées. Une colonne pilote est dimensionnée pour valider expérimentalement le concept théorique de la distillation diabatique de l'air cryogénique.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Varenio, Céline;

    Cette thèse a pour objectif d'évaluer l'efficacité des dispositifs publics qui visent à inciter les agents à rénover leur logement afin d'en réduire la consommation énergétique. Il s'agit de combiner les deux dimensions clés de l'évaluation ex-post de l'intervention : la dimension récapitulative qui revient à déterminer l'efficacité des mesures mises en œuvre et la dimension formative qui vise à comprendre les résultats obtenus et à identifier les voies d'amélioration. Cela nécessite dans un premier temps de réaliser une analyse détaillée des facteurs qui sont à l'origine du faible niveau d'investissements, qualifié de déficit d'efficacité énergétique (" energy efficiency gap "). Ce déficit est dû à la présence de défaillances de marchés, aux conséquences de la rationalité limitée des ménages, ainsi qu'aux difficultés de coordination entre agents en particulier dans le cadre de la copropriété. Dans un deuxième temps il convient d'analyser le déficit d'efficacité énergétique en comparant les prescriptions qui peuvent être issues des calculs utilisés en économie publique concernant les investissements à réaliser, avec les données issues des études de terrain sur les investissements effectifs. Cette analyse permet de bien identifier les critères de décisions des ménages et ainsi de comprendre comment les barrières à l'efficacité énergétique se manifestent. L'identification des différentes barrières permet alors, dans un troisième temps, de voir si les dispositifs d'incitations aujourd'hui en application en France permettent de lever tous les obstacles aux investissements d'amélioration énergétique. Il apparaît que la multitude de dispositifs mis en oeuvre ne peut suffire à réduire fortement le déficit d'efficacité énergétique. D'une part, certaines barrières ne sont pas levées car aucun outil approprié n'existe. D'autre part, certains facteurs de blocages ne sont que partiellement traités car l'utilisation pratique des outils diffèrent de leur conception théorique. Finalement, l'analyse des programmes de réhabilitation thermique des logements qui ont été engagés sur le territoire grenoblois permet de déterminer l'efficacité des dispositifs additionnels c'est à dire d'évaluer dans quelle mesure ces interventions " renforcées " permettent de lever les barrières qui n'ont pu l'être avec les dispositifs nationaux. La mise en perspective de ces quatre analyses successives - des causes du déficit ; de sa manifestation ; des instruments nationaux ; des programmes mis en œuvre à l'échelle locale - aboutit à la conclusion d'un nécessaire renforcement des mesures non financières pour l'accompagnement des agents afin d'amorcer la dynamique d'investissement et ainsi créer les conditions de l'efficacité des instruments économiques plus généraux. This PhD dissertation focuses on energy efficiency policies in housing. It aims at evaluating the effectiveness of public incentives designed to increase household's investment in energy efficiency of their dwelling. To reach this objective this research combines the two key dimensions of ex-post evaluation, i.e. summary and formative dimensions. The first one aims at knowing the effectiveness of public policies whereas the other one targets to understand what the public policies' consequences are and to identify ways for improvement. To reach this purpose, the research follows four steps. Firstly, it requires a detailed analysis to understand the origins of the energy efficiency gap. This gap can be explained by markets failures, consequences of bounded rationality and coordination problem between stakeholders, especially in multi-family dwellings. Secondly, the argument progresses by drawing a parallel between results from normative analysis and from observations of actual level of investments in thermal retrofit actions. It aims at identifying investment households' criteria and then at understanding how barriers to energy efficiency raise. Thirdly, thanks to the inventory of these various energy efficiency barriers it becomes possible to examine if the incentives currently implemented in France can remove them all. It appears that the national policy does not significantly reduce the energy efficiency gap. On the one hand, some barriers remain because no tool has been proposed to overcome them. On the other hand, some barriers are only partially eliminated because the practical use of tools differs from their theoretical design. Finally, using the analysis of retrofitting programs implemented on the Grenoble area this research assesses the effectiveness of additional incentives. The objective is to know to what extent these "reinforced" policies remove barriers still existing after national tools implementation. From these four successive analyses - causes, appearance of the energy efficiency gap, national tools, programs implemented at the local level - we conclude to a necessary strengthening of non-financial measures which support agents to initiate an investment dynamic and in the meanwhile to an increase of the reliability of economic tools, such as taxes or subventions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Varenio, Céline;

    Cette thèse a pour objectif d'évaluer l'efficacité des dispositifs publics qui visent à inciter les agents à rénover leur logement afin d'en réduire la consommation énergétique. Il s'agit de combiner les deux dimensions clés de l'évaluation ex-post de l'intervention : la dimension récapitulative qui revient à déterminer l'efficacité des mesures mises en œuvre et la dimension formative qui vise à comprendre les résultats obtenus et à identifier les voies d'amélioration. Cela nécessite dans un premier temps de réaliser une analyse détaillée des facteurs qui sont à l'origine du faible niveau d'investissements, qualifié de déficit d'efficacité énergétique (" energy efficiency gap "). Ce déficit est dû à la présence de défaillances de marchés, aux conséquences de la rationalité limitée des ménages, ainsi qu'aux difficultés de coordination entre agents en particulier dans le cadre de la copropriété. Dans un deuxième temps il convient d'analyser le déficit d'efficacité énergétique en comparant les prescriptions qui peuvent être issues des calculs utilisés en économie publique concernant les investissements à réaliser, avec les données issues des études de terrain sur les investissements effectifs. Cette analyse permet de bien identifier les critères de décisions des ménages et ainsi de comprendre comment les barrières à l'efficacité énergétique se manifestent. L'identification des différentes barrières permet alors, dans un troisième temps, de voir si les dispositifs d'incitations aujourd'hui en application en France permettent de lever tous les obstacles aux investissements d'amélioration énergétique. Il apparaît que la multitude de dispositifs mis en oeuvre ne peut suffire à réduire fortement le déficit d'efficacité énergétique. D'une part, certaines barrières ne sont pas levées car aucun outil approprié n'existe. D'autre part, certains facteurs de blocages ne sont que partiellement traités car l'utilisation pratique des outils diffèrent de leur conception théorique. Finalement, l'analyse des programmes de réhabilitation thermique des logements qui ont été engagés sur le territoire grenoblois permet de déterminer l'efficacité des dispositifs additionnels c'est à dire d'évaluer dans quelle mesure ces interventions " renforcées " permettent de lever les barrières qui n'ont pu l'être avec les dispositifs nationaux. La mise en perspective de ces quatre analyses successives - des causes du déficit ; de sa manifestation ; des instruments nationaux ; des programmes mis en œuvre à l'échelle locale - aboutit à la conclusion d'un nécessaire renforcement des mesures non financières pour l'accompagnement des agents afin d'amorcer la dynamique d'investissement et ainsi créer les conditions de l'efficacité des instruments économiques plus généraux. This PhD dissertation focuses on energy efficiency policies in housing. It aims at evaluating the effectiveness of public incentives designed to increase household's investment in energy efficiency of their dwelling. To reach this objective this research combines the two key dimensions of ex-post evaluation, i.e. summary and formative dimensions. The first one aims at knowing the effectiveness of public policies whereas the other one targets to understand what the public policies' consequences are and to identify ways for improvement. To reach this purpose, the research follows four steps. Firstly, it requires a detailed analysis to understand the origins of the energy efficiency gap. This gap can be explained by markets failures, consequences of bounded rationality and coordination problem between stakeholders, especially in multi-family dwellings. Secondly, the argument progresses by drawing a parallel between results from normative analysis and from observations of actual level of investments in thermal retrofit actions. It aims at identifying investment households' criteria and then at understanding how barriers to energy efficiency raise. Thirdly, thanks to the inventory of these various energy efficiency barriers it becomes possible to examine if the incentives currently implemented in France can remove them all. It appears that the national policy does not significantly reduce the energy efficiency gap. On the one hand, some barriers remain because no tool has been proposed to overcome them. On the other hand, some barriers are only partially eliminated because the practical use of tools differs from their theoretical design. Finally, using the analysis of retrofitting programs implemented on the Grenoble area this research assesses the effectiveness of additional incentives. The objective is to know to what extent these "reinforced" policies remove barriers still existing after national tools implementation. From these four successive analyses - causes, appearance of the energy efficiency gap, national tools, programs implemented at the local level - we conclude to a necessary strengthening of non-financial measures which support agents to initiate an investment dynamic and in the meanwhile to an increase of the reliability of economic tools, such as taxes or subventions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Asfour, Sarah;

    Les opérations de maintenance des routes en conditions hivernales sur réseaux routiers constituent un enjeu important pour maintenir l’offre de mobilité en situation dégradée. Elles génèrent des coûts d’exploitation directs et indirects élevés, liés en particulier à l’utilisation intensive de fondants routiers. Par ailleurs, leur impact environnemental doit être pris en considération. Nous étudions ici une structure de chaussée non soumise à ce type d’astreinte, grâce à la présence d’une couche de liaison drainante dans laquelle circule un fluide chaud, permettant ainsi d’éviter le dépôt de neige ou la formation de glace en surface. Dans le cadre d’une démarche en faveur de l’emploi d’énergie renouvelable, un tel dispositif pourrait permettre de récupérer l’énergie thermique disponible en surface de chaussée en période chaude, de l’acheminer vers un lieu de stockage (ex : géothermie) et de l’utiliser en période froide. Nous étudions ici la fonction d’échangeur de chaleur entre le fluide et la chaussée, la fonction de stockage externe à la chaussée n’étant pas abordée hormis dans la revue bibliographique. La structure de chaussée considérée comporte trois couches d’enrobés. La couche de roulement et la couche de base sont constituées de matériaux classiquement utilisés dans les chaussées, à base de liants hydrocarbonés. Le matériau de la couche de liaison possède une porosité supérieure à 20%. La structure de chaussée est supposée avoir un dévers de l’ordre de 2%. Une chaussée expérimentale instrumentée a été mise en oeuvre pour recueillir des grandeurs thermo-physiques de la chaussée. Un modèle thermo-hydrique 2D est d2veloppé numériquement pour calculer la distribution de température dans le corps de chaussée lorsque l’on injecte un fluide à température d’entrée donnée, en haut de dévers. Les paramètres du modèle sont identifiés à partir des données expérimentales recueillies sous diverses sollicitations climatiques. On analyse dans un premier temps la sensibilité de la distribution de température en surface de chaussée aux différents paramètres du modèle (conductivité hydraulique, dévers, conductivités thermiques, chaleurs massiques), afin d’optimiser les procédures nécessaires au contrôle sous contraintes de températures positives en tout point. Dans une deuxième partie, des données expérimentales recueillies durant une période estivale d’un mois ont servi à valider le modèle thermique 1D. Une maquette de laboratoire a également permis d’identifier des paramètres en milieu saturé et non saturé. La dernière partie de thèse est consacrée au calcul des quantités énergétiques récupérables pendant la période estivale à l’aide des données de la réglEmentation thermique RT2012. Elles sont comparées aux quantités énergétiques de chauffage nécessaires pendant la période hivernale en s’appuyant sur des données de la RT2012 et des données de la Direction Interdépartementale des Routes Massif (DIR MC) ; l’objectif final étant de déterminer les performances énergétiques du système. Winter maintenance operations for road networks are an important issue for maintaining the mobility in degraded situations, but generate high direct and indirect exploitation costs, particularly related to the intensive use of road de-icing and environmental impact. We study a road structure free of this penalty, thanks to a bonding drainage asphalt layer, circulated by a hot fluid, to prevent the deposition of snow or ice formation on the road surface. As part of an integrated vision of promoting the use of renewable energy, such device could be used to recuperate the thermal energy available in the road surface during the hot period, to transport it to a storage location (e.g. geothermal) and use it during cold period. We study here the heat exchanger function between the fluid and the road, the external storage function to the road being not addressed. The considered pavement structure has three asphalt layers.The bearing layer and the base layer are formed of conventional materials with hydrocarbon-based binders. The material of the bonding layer has a porosity of 20% and based on the use of a binder resistant to a prolonged circulation of the coolant. The road structure is assumed to have a slope of about 2 to 3%. An instrumented experimental road is implemented to collect data on the thermo-hydraulic response of the pavement structure. A thermo-hydraulic 2D model is designed to simulate the temperature field in the road structure when the fluid is injected at the upslope side of the road with a target temperature. This model is calibrated from experimental data collected on the experimental road subjected to meteorological solicitations. Initially, the sensibility of the distribution of the surface temperature of the road toward various model parameters (hydraulic conductivity, transversal slope, thermal conductivities, heat capacities) is analysed, in order to study the optimization of control procedures allowing to keep positive the road surface temperature at any point (e.g. determination of the minimum fluid injection temperature, under given meteorological data). In a second time, pavement thermal parameters is identified using control optimal method in order to validated unidimensionnel thermal model applied on July experimental data. In third time, hydraulic model is validated experimentaly using a laboratory mockup in saturated and unsaturated conditions. In a fourth time, thermo-hydraulic bidimensionnal model is validated numerically using mesured data of experimental pavement. Finally, harvest energy in summer period using thermal reglementation RT2012 data and heating energy in winter period using RT2012 and Massif Interdepartmental Road Direction (DIR MC) are calculated in order to evaluate system performance.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2016
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL Clermont Université
    Doctoral thesis . 2016
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2016
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL Clermont Université
      Doctoral thesis . 2016
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Asfour, Sarah;

    Les opérations de maintenance des routes en conditions hivernales sur réseaux routiers constituent un enjeu important pour maintenir l’offre de mobilité en situation dégradée. Elles génèrent des coûts d’exploitation directs et indirects élevés, liés en particulier à l’utilisation intensive de fondants routiers. Par ailleurs, leur impact environnemental doit être pris en considération. Nous étudions ici une structure de chaussée non soumise à ce type d’astreinte, grâce à la présence d’une couche de liaison drainante dans laquelle circule un fluide chaud, permettant ainsi d’éviter le dépôt de neige ou la formation de glace en surface. Dans le cadre d’une démarche en faveur de l’emploi d’énergie renouvelable, un tel dispositif pourrait permettre de récupérer l’énergie thermique disponible en surface de chaussée en période chaude, de l’acheminer vers un lieu de stockage (ex : géothermie) et de l’utiliser en période froide. Nous étudions ici la fonction d’échangeur de chaleur entre le fluide et la chaussée, la fonction de stockage externe à la chaussée n’étant pas abordée hormis dans la revue bibliographique. La structure de chaussée considérée comporte trois couches d’enrobés. La couche de roulement et la couche de base sont constituées de matériaux classiquement utilisés dans les chaussées, à base de liants hydrocarbonés. Le matériau de la couche de liaison possède une porosité supérieure à 20%. La structure de chaussée est supposée avoir un dévers de l’ordre de 2%. Une chaussée expérimentale instrumentée a été mise en oeuvre pour recueillir des grandeurs thermo-physiques de la chaussée. Un modèle thermo-hydrique 2D est d2veloppé numériquement pour calculer la distribution de température dans le corps de chaussée lorsque l’on injecte un fluide à température d’entrée donnée, en haut de dévers. Les paramètres du modèle sont identifiés à partir des données expérimentales recueillies sous diverses sollicitations climatiques. On analyse dans un premier temps la sensibilité de la distribution de température en surface de chaussée aux différents paramètres du modèle (conductivité hydraulique, dévers, conductivités thermiques, chaleurs massiques), afin d’optimiser les procédures nécessaires au contrôle sous contraintes de températures positives en tout point. Dans une deuxième partie, des données expérimentales recueillies durant une période estivale d’un mois ont servi à valider le modèle thermique 1D. Une maquette de laboratoire a également permis d’identifier des paramètres en milieu saturé et non saturé. La dernière partie de thèse est consacrée au calcul des quantités énergétiques récupérables pendant la période estivale à l’aide des données de la réglEmentation thermique RT2012. Elles sont comparées aux quantités énergétiques de chauffage nécessaires pendant la période hivernale en s’appuyant sur des données de la RT2012 et des données de la Direction Interdépartementale des Routes Massif (DIR MC) ; l’objectif final étant de déterminer les performances énergétiques du système. Winter maintenance operations for road networks are an important issue for maintaining the mobility in degraded situations, but generate high direct and indirect exploitation costs, particularly related to the intensive use of road de-icing and environmental impact. We study a road structure free of this penalty, thanks to a bonding drainage asphalt layer, circulated by a hot fluid, to prevent the deposition of snow or ice formation on the road surface. As part of an integrated vision of promoting the use of renewable energy, such device could be used to recuperate the thermal energy available in the road surface during the hot period, to transport it to a storage location (e.g. geothermal) and use it during cold period. We study here the heat exchanger function between the fluid and the road, the external storage function to the road being not addressed. The considered pavement structure has three asphalt layers.The bearing layer and the base layer are formed of conventional materials with hydrocarbon-based binders. The material of the bonding layer has a porosity of 20% and based on the use of a binder resistant to a prolonged circulation of the coolant. The road structure is assumed to have a slope of about 2 to 3%. An instrumented experimental road is implemented to collect data on the thermo-hydraulic response of the pavement structure. A thermo-hydraulic 2D model is designed to simulate the temperature field in the road structure when the fluid is injected at the upslope side of the road with a target temperature. This model is calibrated from experimental data collected on the experimental road subjected to meteorological solicitations. Initially, the sensibility of the distribution of the surface temperature of the road toward various model parameters (hydraulic conductivity, transversal slope, thermal conductivities, heat capacities) is analysed, in order to study the optimization of control procedures allowing to keep positive the road surface temperature at any point (e.g. determination of the minimum fluid injection temperature, under given meteorological data). In a second time, pavement thermal parameters is identified using control optimal method in order to validated unidimensionnel thermal model applied on July experimental data. In third time, hydraulic model is validated experimentaly using a laboratory mockup in saturated and unsaturated conditions. In a fourth time, thermo-hydraulic bidimensionnal model is validated numerically using mesured data of experimental pavement. Finally, harvest energy in summer period using thermal reglementation RT2012 data and heating energy in winter period using RT2012 and Massif Interdepartmental Road Direction (DIR MC) are calculated in order to evaluate system performance.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2016
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL Clermont Université
    Doctoral thesis . 2016
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2016
      Data sources: Hal
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL Clermont Université
      Doctoral thesis . 2016
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Feytout, Benjamin;

    The research studies, in collaboration with VALEOL and IMS laboratory, propose several solutions to optimize the production and the efficiency of a wind turbine. The general theme of the work is based on control laws of the system or subsystems using the CRONE robust design. Each part highlights aspects of modeling, system identification and design before simulations or tests of scale and full size models.Chapter 1 provides an overview of the issues discussed in this manuscript, using states of the art and precisions on the industrial and economic context of 2013.Chapter 2 introduces the CRONE command for robust design. It is used to achieve the control of the rotation speed of a variable speed wind turbine, with an innovative architecture - mechanical variable speed solution and synchronous generator.Chapter 3 makes a comparison of three new optimization criteria for CRONE design. The aim is to reduce the methodology complexity and to facilitate handling by any user. The results are obtained through simulations on an academic example, then with a DFIG wind turbine model. Chapter 4 focuses on the reduction of structural loads transmitted by the wind on the turbine. It is about better control of the pitch angle by individual pitch control, depending on the rotor position or wind disturbances.Chapter 5 deals with the design of an anti-icing/de-icing system for blades. After the modeling and identification steps, the CRONE design is used to control the temperature of a heating coating disposed on the blades. An observer is finally designed to detect the presence of ice. Les études, menées en collaboration entre la société VALEOL et le laboratoire IMS, proposent des solutions pour optimiser la production et le fonctionnement d'une éolienne. Il s’agit de travailler sur les lois de commande du système ou des sous-systèmes en utilisant la commande CRONE, répondant à un besoin de robustesse. Chaque étude met en avant des aspects de modélisation, d’identification et de synthèse de lois de commande avant mises en application au travers de simulations ou d’essais sur modèles réduits et taille réelle.Le chapitre 1 donne une vision d’ensemble des problématiques traitées dans ce manuscrit, à l’aide d’états de l’art et de remise dans le contexte économique et industriel de 2013.Le chapitre 2 introduit la commande CRONE pour la synthèse de régulateurs robustes. Cette méthodologie est utilisée pour réaliser l’asservissement de la vitesse de rotation d’une éolienne à vitesse variable, présentant une architecture innovante avec un variateur de vitesse mécanique et génératrice synchrone.Le chapitre 3 établit la comparaison de trois nouveaux critères d’optimisation pour la méthodologie CRONE. Le but est de réduire sa complexité et de faciliter sa manipulation par tout utilisateur. Les résultats sur les différents critères sont obtenus par simulations sur un exemple académique, puis sur un modèle d’éolienne de type MADA.Le chapitre 4 porte sur la réduction des charges structurelles transmises par le vent à l’éolienne. Il est question d’une amélioration du contrôle de l’angle de pitch par action indépendante sur chaque pale en fonction de la position du rotor ou encore des perturbations liées au ventLe chapitre 5 est consacré à la conception d’un système d’antigivrage et dégivrage d’une pale dans le cadre d’un projet Aquitain. Après modélisation et identification du procédé, la commande CRONE est utilisée pour réguler la température d’une peinture polymère chauffante sous alimentation électrique disposée sur les pales. L’étude est complétée par la mise en place d’un observateur pour la détection de présence de givre.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Feytout, Benjamin;

    The research studies, in collaboration with VALEOL and IMS laboratory, propose several solutions to optimize the production and the efficiency of a wind turbine. The general theme of the work is based on control laws of the system or subsystems using the CRONE robust design. Each part highlights aspects of modeling, system identification and design before simulations or tests of scale and full size models.Chapter 1 provides an overview of the issues discussed in this manuscript, using states of the art and precisions on the industrial and economic context of 2013.Chapter 2 introduces the CRONE command for robust design. It is used to achieve the control of the rotation speed of a variable speed wind turbine, with an innovative architecture - mechanical variable speed solution and synchronous generator.Chapter 3 makes a comparison of three new optimization criteria for CRONE design. The aim is to reduce the methodology complexity and to facilitate handling by any user. The results are obtained through simulations on an academic example, then with a DFIG wind turbine model. Chapter 4 focuses on the reduction of structural loads transmitted by the wind on the turbine. It is about better control of the pitch angle by individual pitch control, depending on the rotor position or wind disturbances.Chapter 5 deals with the design of an anti-icing/de-icing system for blades. After the modeling and identification steps, the CRONE design is used to control the temperature of a heating coating disposed on the blades. An observer is finally designed to detect the presence of ice. Les études, menées en collaboration entre la société VALEOL et le laboratoire IMS, proposent des solutions pour optimiser la production et le fonctionnement d'une éolienne. Il s’agit de travailler sur les lois de commande du système ou des sous-systèmes en utilisant la commande CRONE, répondant à un besoin de robustesse. Chaque étude met en avant des aspects de modélisation, d’identification et de synthèse de lois de commande avant mises en application au travers de simulations ou d’essais sur modèles réduits et taille réelle.Le chapitre 1 donne une vision d’ensemble des problématiques traitées dans ce manuscrit, à l’aide d’états de l’art et de remise dans le contexte économique et industriel de 2013.Le chapitre 2 introduit la commande CRONE pour la synthèse de régulateurs robustes. Cette méthodologie est utilisée pour réaliser l’asservissement de la vitesse de rotation d’une éolienne à vitesse variable, présentant une architecture innovante avec un variateur de vitesse mécanique et génératrice synchrone.Le chapitre 3 établit la comparaison de trois nouveaux critères d’optimisation pour la méthodologie CRONE. Le but est de réduire sa complexité et de faciliter sa manipulation par tout utilisateur. Les résultats sur les différents critères sont obtenus par simulations sur un exemple académique, puis sur un modèle d’éolienne de type MADA.Le chapitre 4 porte sur la réduction des charges structurelles transmises par le vent à l’éolienne. Il est question d’une amélioration du contrôle de l’angle de pitch par action indépendante sur chaque pale en fonction de la position du rotor ou encore des perturbations liées au ventLe chapitre 5 est consacré à la conception d’un système d’antigivrage et dégivrage d’une pale dans le cadre d’un projet Aquitain. Après modélisation et identification du procédé, la commande CRONE est utilisée pour réguler la température d’une peinture polymère chauffante sous alimentation électrique disposée sur les pales. L’étude est complétée par la mise en place d’un observateur pour la détection de présence de givre.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Méquinion, Mathieu;

    La restriction alimentaire chronique correspond à un des troubles du comportement alimentaire observé en particulier dans l’anorexie mentale (AN) de type restrictif, pathologie qui touche essentiellement les adolescentes et les jeunes femmes. En plus de ce comportement restrictif, une activité physique importante est observée chez un grand nombre de patientes (40 à 80% des cas). Cette maladie se traduit par de nombreuses altérations physiologiques comme des perturbations neuroendocrines, métaboliques, osseuses (ostéopénie, ostéoporose) et ce quelle que soit la cause psychiatrique qui a conduit au développement de ce comportement. De plus, de nombreux arguments suggèrent que l’AN pourrait être considérée comme un trouble « addictif » qui se manifesterait par une addiction à la perte de poids et/ou à la restriction alimentaire ou encore à l’activité physique suggérant une altération du système dopaminergique de récompense. Ainsi, quelles que soient les origines de la maladie, l’AN entraîne des perturbations périphériques et centrales susceptibles d’être impliquées dans une première phase dite « d’adaptation » permettant aux malades de survivre à ces conditions drastiques. Les patients peuvent par la suite tomber dans une seconde phase de « chronicisation » dans laquelle ces mêmes facteurs pourraient être responsables de la dégradation de l’état des malades et conduire, dans les cas les plus graves d’épuisement, à la mort.Notre étude a comme pivot la ghréline, hormone orexigène, dont les concentrations plasmatiques sont augmentées significativement chez les patients anorexiques. Sécrétée principalement en périphérie par les cellules de l’estomac, elle va cibler plusieurs organes aussi bien périphériques que centraux. En particulier, au niveau périphérique, cette hormone agit au niveau du foie dont la principale fonction connue est le maintien de l’homéostasie glucidique. Elle agit également au niveau du tissu adipeux qui est alors stimulé, favorisant ainsi sa croissance avec un stockage des réserves et au niveau musculaire en entrainant entre autre une diminution des réserves de triglycérides. Au niveau du système nerveux central, parmi les sites d’action de la ghréline, on trouve les structures impliquées aussi bien dans le contrôle, qualifié d’homéostatique, de la prise alimentaire représenté par l’hypothalamus, que dans le contrôle, dit hédonique (motivation/récompense), de ce même comportement correspondant au circuit méso-limbique. Pour étudier son implication dans les mécanismes adaptatifs, et éventuellement, dans l’aggravation de la maladie, nous avons mis au point un modèle animal de restriction alimentaire chronique mimant les symptômes physiologiques de l’AN. Notre premier objectif a été de caractériser (« phénotypage ») ce modèle sur le plan physiologique (métabolique, endocrinien) afin de l’utiliser pour notre deuxième objectif : évaluation du rôle de la ghréline comme potentiel facteur prédictif de l’évolution de la maladie.Les données obtenues valident notre modèle comme un modèle pertinent pour étudier sur le long terme les altérations physiologiques et centrales décrites dans l’AN de type restrictif. Nous montrons que l’exercice physique modéré associé à la restriction alimentaire a des effets stabilisateurs sur de nombreux paramètres métaboliques limitant ainsi un épuisement prématuré des ressources énergétiques. En ce qui concerne la ghréline, les concentrations plasmatiques élevées observées dans notre modèle pourraient contribuer également à une régulation adaptative du métabolisme énergétique. Chronic food restriction is one of the major features observed in anorexia nervosa (AN), especially in the restrictive type. This major eating disorder affects mainly teenager girls and young women. Additionally to the restriction behavior, important physical activity is observed in a large number of patients (40-80% of cases). This disease induces various physiological alterations that concern neuroendocrine, metabolic and bone (osteopenia, osteoporosis) pathways, which have dramatic consequences on the patient’s health. Moreover, many arguments suggest that AN could be considered like an "addictiv" disorder supported by an addiction to weight loss and/or food restriction or physical activity. It thus suggests modifications of the central dopaminergic reward system. Furthermore, whatever the origins or the causes of this disorder, AN leads to peripheral and central alterations that might be involved in an "adaptation" phase allowing patients surviving to these drastic conditions. For some patients, a phase of "chronicity" is described in which these physiological changes may worsen the patient conditions and contribute, when exhaustion is amplifying, to death. Our study points out ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone whose plasma concentrations are significantly increased in AN patients. Mainly secreted by stomach cells, it targets multiple peripheral organs as well as numerous neuronal structures in the brain. At the peripheral level, this hormone acts among others in the liver whose main function is the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. It acts also on the adipose tissue to promote its growth that is associated with lipid storage and on muscle resulting in a reduction of triglycerides stock. At the central nervous system level, ghrelin have various targets like the structures involved in the homeostatic as well as hedonic (motivation/reward) control of food intake through the hypothalamus and the meso-cortico-limbic system respectively.To study the involvement of ghrelin in the potential adaptive mechanisms, and even in the worsening of the disease, we have developed an animal model of chronic food restriction associated or not with physical activity, mimicking the physiological symptoms of AN. Our first objective was to characterize and to phenotype the mouse model by evaluating various physiological (metabolic, endocrine) factors in order to study in our second objective the role of ghrelin as a potential predictor of disease progression.We showed that our mouse model constitutes a pertinent model to study on a long term duration the physiological and central altérations described in the restrictive type AN. Moreover, we showed that moderate physical activity associated with food restriction had stabilizing effects on numerous metabolic parameters that may reduce an early exhaustion of energy stocks. Concerning the role of ghrelin in such model, its plasma concentrations were increased like in AN patients and were suggested to contribute to the adaptive regulation of energy metabolism.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Méquinion, Mathieu;

    La restriction alimentaire chronique correspond à un des troubles du comportement alimentaire observé en particulier dans l’anorexie mentale (AN) de type restrictif, pathologie qui touche essentiellement les adolescentes et les jeunes femmes. En plus de ce comportement restrictif, une activité physique importante est observée chez un grand nombre de patientes (40 à 80% des cas). Cette maladie se traduit par de nombreuses altérations physiologiques comme des perturbations neuroendocrines, métaboliques, osseuses (ostéopénie, ostéoporose) et ce quelle que soit la cause psychiatrique qui a conduit au développement de ce comportement. De plus, de nombreux arguments suggèrent que l’AN pourrait être considérée comme un trouble « addictif » qui se manifesterait par une addiction à la perte de poids et/ou à la restriction alimentaire ou encore à l’activité physique suggérant une altération du système dopaminergique de récompense. Ainsi, quelles que soient les origines de la maladie, l’AN entraîne des perturbations périphériques et centrales susceptibles d’être impliquées dans une première phase dite « d’adaptation » permettant aux malades de survivre à ces conditions drastiques. Les patients peuvent par la suite tomber dans une seconde phase de « chronicisation » dans laquelle ces mêmes facteurs pourraient être responsables de la dégradation de l’état des malades et conduire, dans les cas les plus graves d’épuisement, à la mort.Notre étude a comme pivot la ghréline, hormone orexigène, dont les concentrations plasmatiques sont augmentées significativement chez les patients anorexiques. Sécrétée principalement en périphérie par les cellules de l’estomac, elle va cibler plusieurs organes aussi bien périphériques que centraux. En particulier, au niveau périphérique, cette hormone agit au niveau du foie dont la principale fonction connue est le maintien de l’homéostasie glucidique. Elle agit également au niveau du tissu adipeux qui est alors stimulé, favorisant ainsi sa croissance avec un stockage des réserves et au niveau musculaire en entrainant entre autre une diminution des réserves de triglycérides. Au niveau du système nerveux central, parmi les sites d’action de la ghréline, on trouve les structures impliquées aussi bien dans le contrôle, qualifié d’homéostatique, de la prise alimentaire représenté par l’hypothalamus, que dans le contrôle, dit hédonique (motivation/récompense), de ce même comportement correspondant au circuit méso-limbique. Pour étudier son implication dans les mécanismes adaptatifs, et éventuellement, dans l’aggravation de la maladie, nous avons mis au point un modèle animal de restriction alimentaire chronique mimant les symptômes physiologiques de l’AN. Notre premier objectif a été de caractériser (« phénotypage ») ce modèle sur le plan physiologique (métabolique, endocrinien) afin de l’utiliser pour notre deuxième objectif : évaluation du rôle de la ghréline comme potentiel facteur prédictif de l’évolution de la maladie.Les données obtenues valident notre modèle comme un modèle pertinent pour étudier sur le long terme les altérations physiologiques et centrales décrites dans l’AN de type restrictif. Nous montrons que l’exercice physique modéré associé à la restriction alimentaire a des effets stabilisateurs sur de nombreux paramètres métaboliques limitant ainsi un épuisement prématuré des ressources énergétiques. En ce qui concerne la ghréline, les concentrations plasmatiques élevées observées dans notre modèle pourraient contribuer également à une régulation adaptative du métabolisme énergétique. Chronic food restriction is one of the major features observed in anorexia nervosa (AN), especially in the restrictive type. This major eating disorder affects mainly teenager girls and young women. Additionally to the restriction behavior, important physical activity is observed in a large number of patients (40-80% of cases). This disease induces various physiological alterations that concern neuroendocrine, metabolic and bone (osteopenia, osteoporosis) pathways, which have dramatic consequences on the patient’s health. Moreover, many arguments suggest that AN could be considered like an "addictiv" disorder supported by an addiction to weight loss and/or food restriction or physical activity. It thus suggests modifications of the central dopaminergic reward system. Furthermore, whatever the origins or the causes of this disorder, AN leads to peripheral and central alterations that might be involved in an "adaptation" phase allowing patients surviving to these drastic conditions. For some patients, a phase of "chronicity" is described in which these physiological changes may worsen the patient conditions and contribute, when exhaustion is amplifying, to death. Our study points out ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone whose plasma concentrations are significantly increased in AN patients. Mainly secreted by stomach cells, it targets multiple peripheral organs as well as numerous neuronal structures in the brain. At the peripheral level, this hormone acts among others in the liver whose main function is the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. It acts also on the adipose tissue to promote its growth that is associated with lipid storage and on muscle resulting in a reduction of triglycerides stock. At the central nervous system level, ghrelin have various targets like the structures involved in the homeostatic as well as hedonic (motivation/reward) control of food intake through the hypothalamus and the meso-cortico-limbic system respectively.To study the involvement of ghrelin in the potential adaptive mechanisms, and even in the worsening of the disease, we have developed an animal model of chronic food restriction associated or not with physical activity, mimicking the physiological symptoms of AN. Our first objective was to characterize and to phenotype the mouse model by evaluating various physiological (metabolic, endocrine) factors in order to study in our second objective the role of ghrelin as a potential predictor of disease progression.We showed that our mouse model constitutes a pertinent model to study on a long term duration the physiological and central altérations described in the restrictive type AN. Moreover, we showed that moderate physical activity associated with food restriction had stabilizing effects on numerous metabolic parameters that may reduce an early exhaustion of energy stocks. Concerning the role of ghrelin in such model, its plasma concentrations were increased like in AN patients and were suggested to contribute to the adaptive regulation of energy metabolism.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fouqueray, Timothée;

    Adapting forest management to climate change (CC) is a key issue, as forests are crucial for mitigation policies and the provision of many ecosystem services (ES). Understanding the magnitude of the progress made in this respect can help shape further adaptation developments and avoid the putative maladaptive side effects of forest management evolutions. Here, I aim to bridge the knowledge gap of adaptation implementation in French forests.Chapter 1: Based on semi-structured interviews with foresters, my findings highlight unprecedented aspects of adaptations: (i) a focus on productive ES at the expense of other essential services such as water supply or natural habitats; (ii) adaptations rely on technical changes in forest management and do not deal with climate impacts through organizational or economic tools; and (iii) envisaging ecological processes through adaptations is instrumental and limited to small spatial and temporal scales. My results also extend the existing body of knowledge to the framework of forest management: (i) CC is not the main driver of forestry changes; (ii) extreme events are windows of opportunity to stimulate adaptive changes; and (iii) proactive adaptation to unexperienced hazards is very weak.Chapter 2: Assessment of the diversity of research projects in the forest sciences focusing on CC. I categorized projects according to discipline and main focus, using data from the online description of French public calls for proposals and from selected projects. Since 1997, mitigation research has gradually given way to adaptation. Despite pledges for the inclusion of social sciences, research rarely draws on the social sciences and focuses on ES of economic interest. Biomass production is paramount, being addressed either directly or through projects on tree species of industrial interest. Hence, instead of a diverse search for adaptation strategies, climate research is geared toward a few ES. Without denying the need for timber andbiofuel production, I encourage public funders to complement current calls for proposals with more diverse approaches beneficial for both biomass production and other ES.Chapter 3: I study how multiple mechanisms for the mitigation of CC have been developed, drawing on a combination of reducing and offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While mechanisms are mandatory for certain economic sectors, some business that are not required to mitigate their GHG emissions would nevertheless like to do so. I examine two study cases in France to analyze how public and private foresters seized this opportunity to obtain complementary funding from such companies for forestry operations. I focus on offset contracts issued by associations linking public sector forestry agencies, forest landowners, and offset funders. Carbon mitigation was a reason shared by all contractors to commit to the agreement, although it concealed multifarious motivations. Hence, I argue that voluntary offset contracts act like a Trojan horse by enabling foresters to dialogue with entities that would otherwise not be interested in supporting forest management. Regional embedding was crucial to overcoming the mitigation challenges.Chapter 4: To gain insight on how can socio-economic adaptive tools complement technical evolutions of forestry, I designed Foster Forest, a participatory simulation of forest management. It combines a role-playing game, an agent-based model, and a scenario of CC with high uncertainties. Drawing from multiple applications in French regions, I show that climate change is not a short-term matter of concern for private and public foresters. I analyze the emergence of socio-economic changes (mainly payment for carbon storage) in the provision of ES, and participants’ negotiations to spontaneously change the simulation rules. I also highlight how collective adaptive action was steered by stakeholders with a public interest role.; Les trajectoires socio-écologiques des forêts sont considérablement dépendantes des pratiques sylvicoles retenues par leurs gestionnaires. Or, ces choix de gestion sont susceptibles d’évoluer afin de prendre en compte les impacts des dérèglements du climat sur les milieux forestiers. L’objectif des travaux qui suivent est donc de comprendre les évolutions de la gestion forestière induites par les adaptations aux dérèglements climatiques (ACC). Ils se concentrent sur la France métropolitaine, dont les forêts sont l’un des écosystèmes les plus importants – elles en couvrent un tiers de la surface. Trois thématiques de recherche ont permis de décliner cette problématique : (1) la diversification des ACC (quels biens et services écosystémiques forestiers (BSE) cible-t-elle ?) ; (2) l’importance accordée par les forestiers aux approches techniques, en comparaison des réflexions portant sur l’organisation socio-économique de la gestion forestière ; et enfin (3) l’intégration des dynamiques écologiques dans la conception et la mise en œuvre d’adaptations aux changements climatiques.Chapitre 1 : Recensement, par des enquêtes de terrain, des ACC en forêts privées et publiques. Les adaptations répertoriées concernaient seulement quelques-uns des nombreux BSE forestiers, au premier rang desquels la production de bois, le stockage de carbone et la préservation des habitats naturels. Ces adaptations étaient avant tout mises en place pour répondre à des aléas climatiques déjà vécus par les forestiers. Surtout, ces adaptations relevaient d’évolutions des techniques sylvicoles, où les humains interviennent sur le socio-écosystème forestier, en modifiant les composantes naturelles.Chapitre 2 : J’ai étudié le financement public des projets de recherche portant simultanément sur les changements climatiques et sur la fores-terie. J’ai montré qu’une des causes du manque de considération des aspects socio-économiques de l’ACC provient de la prééminence de recherches techniques, très peu tournées vers les services écosystémiques socio-culturels, de régulation ou de soutien.Chapitre 3 : Retour au terrain, pour une étude de cas sur le paiement pour stockage de carbone. J’ai mis en relief comment la diversification des revenus engendrée par ce type d’innovation est un moyen indirect pour les forestiers de s’adapter aux changements climatiques, en diminuant leur dépendance à une production ligneuse fortement menacée par les dérèglements climatiques. Les atouts, mais aussi certaines limites techniques et conséquences socio-économiques de cette approche ont été soulignés.Chapitre 4 : Synthèse des apprentissages des chapitres précédents, grâce à la création d’une simulation participative de gestion forestière. Dans Foster Forest, divers acteurs de la gestion forestière sont plongés dans un scénario de fort changement climatique. Pour mener à bien leur propre mission, ils disposent d’une panoplie de pratiques sylvicoles inspirée de pratiques usuelles, mais qui ne suffisent pas à faire face aux perturbations climatiques. Pour compenser, les participants ont toute liberté de proposer des changements des règles du jeu afin de faire évoluer l’organisation socio-économique de leurs activités forestières. La dizaine d’applications de cette simulation participative, dans différentes régions françaises, a permis de confirmer les résultats des chapitres précédents. Les parties jouées ont aussi apporté un éclairage sur l’importance des structures d’animation territoriale dans l’élaboration de projets d’adaptations, à des échelles complémentaires des seules visions « à la parcelle ».

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fouqueray, Timothée;

    Adapting forest management to climate change (CC) is a key issue, as forests are crucial for mitigation policies and the provision of many ecosystem services (ES). Understanding the magnitude of the progress made in this respect can help shape further adaptation developments and avoid the putative maladaptive side effects of forest management evolutions. Here, I aim to bridge the knowledge gap of adaptation implementation in French forests.Chapter 1: Based on semi-structured interviews with foresters, my findings highlight unprecedented aspects of adaptations: (i) a focus on productive ES at the expense of other essential services such as water supply or natural habitats; (ii) adaptations rely on technical changes in forest management and do not deal with climate impacts through organizational or economic tools; and (iii) envisaging ecological processes through adaptations is instrumental and limited to small spatial and temporal scales. My results also extend the existing body of knowledge to the framework of forest management: (i) CC is not the main driver of forestry changes; (ii) extreme events are windows of opportunity to stimulate adaptive changes; and (iii) proactive adaptation to unexperienced hazards is very weak.Chapter 2: Assessment of the diversity of research projects in the forest sciences focusing on CC. I categorized projects according to discipline and main focus, using data from the online description of French public calls for proposals and from selected projects. Since 1997, mitigation research has gradually given way to adaptation. Despite pledges for the inclusion of social sciences, research rarely draws on the social sciences and focuses on ES of economic interest. Biomass production is paramount, being addressed either directly or through projects on tree species of industrial interest. Hence, instead of a diverse search for adaptation strategies, climate research is geared toward a few ES. Without denying the need for timber andbiofuel production, I encourage public funders to complement current calls for proposals with more diverse approaches beneficial for both biomass production and other ES.Chapter 3: I study how multiple mechanisms for the mitigation of CC have been developed, drawing on a combination of reducing and offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While mechanisms are mandatory for certain economic sectors, some business that are not required to mitigate their GHG emissions would nevertheless like to do so. I examine two study cases in France to analyze how public and private foresters seized this opportunity to obtain complementary funding from such companies for forestry operations. I focus on offset contracts issued by associations linking public sector forestry agencies, forest landowners, and offset funders. Carbon mitigation was a reason shared by all contractors to commit to the agreement, although it concealed multifarious motivations. Hence, I argue that voluntary offset contracts act like a Trojan horse by enabling foresters to dialogue with entities that would otherwise not be interested in supporting forest management. Regional embedding was crucial to overcoming the mitigation challenges.Chapter 4: To gain insight on how can socio-economic adaptive tools complement technical evolutions of forestry, I designed Foster Forest, a participatory simulation of forest management. It combines a role-playing game, an agent-based model, and a scenario of CC with high uncertainties. Drawing from multiple applications in French regions, I show that climate change is not a short-term matter of concern for private and public foresters. I analyze the emergence of socio-economic changes (mainly payment for carbon storage) in the provision of ES, and participants’ negotiations to spontaneously change the simulation rules. I also highlight how collective adaptive action was steered by stakeholders with a public interest role.; Les trajectoires socio-écologiques des forêts sont considérablement dépendantes des pratiques sylvicoles retenues par leurs gestionnaires. Or, ces choix de gestion sont susceptibles d’évoluer afin de prendre en compte les impacts des dérèglements du climat sur les milieux forestiers. L’objectif des travaux qui suivent est donc de comprendre les évolutions de la gestion forestière induites par les adaptations aux dérèglements climatiques (ACC). Ils se concentrent sur la France métropolitaine, dont les forêts sont l’un des écosystèmes les plus importants – elles en couvrent un tiers de la surface. Trois thématiques de recherche ont permis de décliner cette problématique : (1) la diversification des ACC (quels biens et services écosystémiques forestiers (BSE) cible-t-elle ?) ; (2) l’importance accordée par les forestiers aux approches techniques, en comparaison des réflexions portant sur l’organisation socio-économique de la gestion forestière ; et enfin (3) l’intégration des dynamiques écologiques dans la conception et la mise en œuvre d’adaptations aux changements climatiques.Chapitre 1 : Recensement, par des enquêtes de terrain, des ACC en forêts privées et publiques. Les adaptations répertoriées concernaient seulement quelques-uns des nombreux BSE forestiers, au premier rang desquels la production de bois, le stockage de carbone et la préservation des habitats naturels. Ces adaptations étaient avant tout mises en place pour répondre à des aléas climatiques déjà vécus par les forestiers. Surtout, ces adaptations relevaient d’évolutions des techniques sylvicoles, où les humains interviennent sur le socio-écosystème forestier, en modifiant les composantes naturelles.Chapitre 2 : J’ai étudié le financement public des projets de recherche portant simultanément sur les changements climatiques et sur la fores-terie. J’ai montré qu’une des causes du manque de considération des aspects socio-économiques de l’ACC provient de la prééminence de recherches techniques, très peu tournées vers les services écosystémiques socio-culturels, de régulation ou de soutien.Chapitre 3 : Retour au terrain, pour une étude de cas sur le paiement pour stockage de carbone. J’ai mis en relief comment la diversification des revenus engendrée par ce type d’innovation est un moyen indirect pour les forestiers de s’adapter aux changements climatiques, en diminuant leur dépendance à une production ligneuse fortement menacée par les dérèglements climatiques. Les atouts, mais aussi certaines limites techniques et conséquences socio-économiques de cette approche ont été soulignés.Chapitre 4 : Synthèse des apprentissages des chapitres précédents, grâce à la création d’une simulation participative de gestion forestière. Dans Foster Forest, divers acteurs de la gestion forestière sont plongés dans un scénario de fort changement climatique. Pour mener à bien leur propre mission, ils disposent d’une panoplie de pratiques sylvicoles inspirée de pratiques usuelles, mais qui ne suffisent pas à faire face aux perturbations climatiques. Pour compenser, les participants ont toute liberté de proposer des changements des règles du jeu afin de faire évoluer l’organisation socio-économique de leurs activités forestières. La dizaine d’applications de cette simulation participative, dans différentes régions françaises, a permis de confirmer les résultats des chapitres précédents. Les parties jouées ont aussi apporté un éclairage sur l’importance des structures d’animation territoriale dans l’élaboration de projets d’adaptations, à des échelles complémentaires des seules visions « à la parcelle ».

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • chevron_left
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • chevron_right
Powered by OpenAIRE graph