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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Tuomaala, Mari; Ahtila, Pekka; Haikonen, Turo; Kalenoja, Hanna; +11 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VIRTAarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    VIRTA
    Report . 2012
    Data sources: VIRTA
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VIRTAarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      VIRTA
      Report . 2012
      Data sources: VIRTA
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  • Authors: Luostarinen, Matti;

    A preliminary study of the content and regional variation in the activity of nature-based entrepreneurship was launched in 1999, coordinated by the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland and in cooperation with the Institute for Rural Research and Training of the University of Helsinki. The publication at hand is concerned with the part evaluating the network and cluster economy of nature-based entrepreneurship. The significance of such a study is enhanced by the fact that the process started in Finland with cluster funding and support of the cluster programme of the Ministry of the Environment. The concepts of networking, network economy and cluster economy are linked to the realisation of the programme. However, these concepts have not been defined further either in the general discussion or in national economic, regional or social research as a whole. This is especially true for small-scale entrepreneurship and its link to other regional or social economy and to environmental policy in a new operational strategy, such as nature-based entrepreneurship. In Finland, the use of natural resources is controlled by large clusters. The network economy is nature-based entrepreneurship centres on small enterprises and is more efficient in its own operational environment, in local and often communal structures, than required by the operational environment of a large cluster. In addition, the large clusters are forced to concentrate to an increasing degree on their core business, which leaves ample space for a network economy. This is where nature-based entrepreneurship should aim. In this process, the economy of work and entrepreneurship is linked to the local market on the local level, not to arbitrary combined market entities, which may in the future cease to have a real counterpart in a global economy. The experience gained in the preliminary study recommends setting up the nature-based entrepreneurship cluster in a way relying more on operational models for small scale entrepreneurship known from rural history and ...

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Savolainen, Ilkka; Pingoud, Kim; Lehtilä, Antti;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VTT Research Informa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    VTT Research Information System
    Part of book or chapter of book . 1997
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VTT Research Informa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      VTT Research Information System
      Part of book or chapter of book . 1997
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  • Authors: Särkkä, Liisa;

    v ; ok

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Lehtilä, Antti; Pirilä, Pekka;

    Tässä raportissa on esitelty energiajärjestelmän ja sen ympäristövaikutusten mallintamisväline EFOM-ENV sekä Valtion teknillisessä tutkimuskeskuksessa (VTT) Suomea varten laaditun mallin perusversio. EFOM-ENV-ohjelmistolla laaditut mallit ovat laajassa kansainvälisessä käytössä, ja Euroopan yhteisössä ne ovat saaneet tärkeän aseman vertailukelpoisia tuloksia tuottavina yhteistyömalleina. Tämä on ollut yksi syy mallin käyttöönottoon Suomessa. EFOM-ENV-malli on dynaaminen lineaarinen optimointimalli. Järjestelmämallina se tarjoaa monipuoliset mahdollisuudet analysoida edullisimpia keinoja energian tuotannon ja käytön aiheuttamien päästöjen vähentämiseksi. Mallin rakenne sallii kaikentyyppisten päästöjen käsittelyn, mutta käyttökelpoisimpia tuloksia saadaan laajalle leviävien kaasumaisten päästöjen tarkasteluissa, joihin tässä työssä on rajoituttu. Rakenteellisten muutosten, tekniikan kehittymisen ja energian käytön tehostamisen mahdollisuudet voidaan mallissa ottaa huomioon, mikä on tärkeää tiukkoja päästötavoitteita analysoitaessa. Mallin avulla rikin ja typen oksidien sekä hiilidioksidipäästöjen yhtaikaisen rajoittamisen tarkastelu on vaivatonta. Mallin tulokset kuvaavat energiajärjestelmän ja päästönvähennystoimenpiteet, joilla edullisimmin saavutetaan asetetut päästötavoitteet tarkasteluaikavälillä. Raportin tarkoituksena on antaa hyvä yleiskuva EFOM-ENV-mallien käytöstä. Mallien yksityiskohtia on esitelty melko laajasti niiden ilmaisukyvyn ymmärtämisen helpottamiseksi. Erityistä painoa on pantu mallien käyttömahdollisuuksien ja rajoitusten analysointiin. Raportissa kuvataan Suomen EFOM-ENV-mallin erityispiirteet ja sen keväällä 1991 valmistuneen perusversion käytöstä saatuja kokemuksia. Käyttökokemukset ovat olleet pääosin hyviä, mutta mallin kehittäminen jatkuu. Perusmalli ei vielä sisällä kaikkia järjestelmän rakenteellisia vaihtoehtoja, eikä siinä käytettyjä parametreja ole kaikin osin vielä huolellisesti analysoitu. Saatujen tulosten tarkasteluun ei siksi ole tässä raportissa pantu suurta painoa.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VTT Research Informa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VTT Research Informa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Impola; Risto; Viinikainen, Seppo;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VIRTAarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    VIRTA
    Part of book or chapter of book . 1998
    Data sources: VIRTA
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VIRTAarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      VIRTA
      Part of book or chapter of book . 1998
      Data sources: VIRTA
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Kokko, Kai; Helenius, Heidi; Juhola; Sirkku;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao http://juuli.fi/Reco...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao http://juuli.fi/Reco...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • Authors: Sinkko, Taija; Hakala, Kaija; Villa, Aki;
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Nippala, Eero; Nuuttila, Harri; Heljo, Juhani;

    Projekti on osa Ympäristöklusterin kolmannen ohjelmakauden 2003-2005 "Ekotehokas Yhteiskunta" tutkimusohjelmaa. Rakennuskannan koon kasvu ja laatutason nosto lisäävät energiankulutusta enemmän kuin mitä poistuvaa rakennuskantaa energiatehokkaampi uudistuotanto ja energiansäästötoimenpiteet vähentävät. EKOREM-mallilla laskettu asuin- ja palvelurakennusten hyötylämmitysenergian sekä talous- ja kiinteistösähkön yhteiskulutus kasvaa vuoden 2000 arvosta 77 TWh/a vuoden 2010 arvoon 81 TWh/a eli 5 % kymmenessä vuodessa. EKOREM-mallin laskelmien mukaan asuin- ja palvelurakennusten aiheuttamien kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen määrä oli vuonna 2000 19,2 milj. tonnia CO2-ekv. Vuonna 2010 päästömäärän on arvioitu olevan 20,4 milj. tonnia CO2-ekv eli kasvua olisi 10 vuodessa 6 %. Vuonna 2010 asuin- ja palvelurakennusten aiheuttamista kasvihuonekaasupäästöistä tulee noin neljäsosa huoneisto- ja kiinteistösähkön käytöstä, toinen neljäsosa lämmityssähkön käytöstä, reilu neljäsosa kaukolämmön käytöstä ja viidesosa lämmitysöljyn käytöstä. Tuotantorakennusten aiheuttamat vastaavat kasvihuonekaasupäästöt voi arvioida vai karkeasti. Niiden suuruusluokaksi on saatu 7 milj. tonnia CO2-ekv vuonna 2010.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VTT Research Informa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VTT Research Informa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Lemettinen, Lotta; Virtanen, Yrjö; Junttila, Vesa;

    Julkaisu on osa laajempaa tutkimusta "Suomen energiantuotannon elinkaaritiedot -projekti" (SEEP). Polttoaineiden varastointi käsitellään erillisenä raporttina, samoin polttoaineiden hankinta ja jalostus, loppukäyttöenergian tuotanto ja loppukäyttöenergian siirto. Executive Summary -raportissa esitetään erillis-raporttien keskeiset tulokset. Tässä raportissa käsitellään polttoainevarastoinnin ja -kuljetuksien ympäristö-tietoja. Polttoaineista saatiin varastoinnin osalta SEEP-kyselyssä tietoja polttoöljystä, kivihiilestä, turpeesta sekä puupolttoaineesta. Tarkasteltuja tietoja ovat varastoinnista aiheutuvat kiinteät jätteet, päästöt ilmaan ja veteen sekä epäsuorasti vaikuttava varastoinnin oma energiankäyttö. Aihetta on raportissa käsitelty pääosin SEEP-tuottajakyselyn vastausten pohjalta. Varastointi- ja kuljetustavoista on tehty muutamia oletuksia ja yhdenmukaistuksia yhtenäisen kuvan luomiseksi, eli kaiken polttoaineen (polttoainejaottelun sisällä) on oletettu läpikäyvän samat varastointivaiheet ja käyttävän samaa kuljetus-välinettä, kuljetusmatkat taas on otettu huomioon siirtyvällä polttoainemäärällä painotettuina keskiarvoina. Lopullisessa tietokannassa käytettävät kuljetus-prosessit on esitetty Polttoaineketjut-raportissa. Ongelmana raportin laatimisessa on ollut tiedon puute. Tuottajakyselyyn vastanneiden huono polttoainevarastoinnin ympäristövaikutusten tuntemus yllätti yleisyydellään, samoin paikkaavan tiedon huono saatavuus. Täydentävien tietojen lähteistä merkittävin on sveitsiläinen "Ökoinventare fr Energiesysteme" -tietokanta.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VTT Research Informa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VTT Research Informa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Tuomaala, Mari; Ahtila, Pekka; Haikonen, Turo; Kalenoja, Hanna; +11 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VIRTAarrow_drop_down
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    VIRTA
    Report . 2012
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      VIRTA
      Report . 2012
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  • Authors: Luostarinen, Matti;

    A preliminary study of the content and regional variation in the activity of nature-based entrepreneurship was launched in 1999, coordinated by the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland and in cooperation with the Institute for Rural Research and Training of the University of Helsinki. The publication at hand is concerned with the part evaluating the network and cluster economy of nature-based entrepreneurship. The significance of such a study is enhanced by the fact that the process started in Finland with cluster funding and support of the cluster programme of the Ministry of the Environment. The concepts of networking, network economy and cluster economy are linked to the realisation of the programme. However, these concepts have not been defined further either in the general discussion or in national economic, regional or social research as a whole. This is especially true for small-scale entrepreneurship and its link to other regional or social economy and to environmental policy in a new operational strategy, such as nature-based entrepreneurship. In Finland, the use of natural resources is controlled by large clusters. The network economy is nature-based entrepreneurship centres on small enterprises and is more efficient in its own operational environment, in local and often communal structures, than required by the operational environment of a large cluster. In addition, the large clusters are forced to concentrate to an increasing degree on their core business, which leaves ample space for a network economy. This is where nature-based entrepreneurship should aim. In this process, the economy of work and entrepreneurship is linked to the local market on the local level, not to arbitrary combined market entities, which may in the future cease to have a real counterpart in a global economy. The experience gained in the preliminary study recommends setting up the nature-based entrepreneurship cluster in a way relying more on operational models for small scale entrepreneurship known from rural history and ...

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    Authors: Savolainen, Ilkka; Pingoud, Kim; Lehtilä, Antti;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao VTT Research Informa...arrow_drop_down
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    VTT Research Information System
    Part of book or chapter of book . 1997
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      VTT Research Information System
      Part of book or chapter of book . 1997
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  • Authors: Särkkä, Liisa;

    v ; ok

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Lehtilä, Antti; Pirilä, Pekka;

    Tässä raportissa on esitelty energiajärjestelmän ja sen ympäristövaikutusten mallintamisväline EFOM-ENV sekä Valtion teknillisessä tutkimuskeskuksessa (VTT) Suomea varten laaditun mallin perusversio. EFOM-ENV-ohjelmistolla laaditut mallit ovat laajassa kansainvälisessä käytössä, ja Euroopan yhteisössä ne ovat saaneet tärkeän aseman vertailukelpoisia tuloksia tuottavina yhteistyömalleina. Tämä on ollut yksi syy mallin käyttöönottoon Suomessa. EFOM-ENV-malli on dynaaminen lineaarinen optimointimalli. Järjestelmämallina se tarjoaa monipuoliset mahdollisuudet analysoida edullisimpia keinoja energian tuotannon ja käytön aiheuttamien päästöjen vähentämiseksi. Mallin rakenne sallii kaikentyyppisten päästöjen käsittelyn, mutta käyttökelpoisimpia tuloksia saadaan laajalle leviävien kaasumaisten päästöjen tarkasteluissa, joihin tässä työssä on rajoituttu. Rakenteellisten muutosten, tekniikan kehittymisen ja energian käytön tehostamisen mahdollisuudet voidaan mallissa ottaa huomioon, mikä on tärkeää tiukkoja päästötavoitteita analysoitaessa. Mallin avulla rikin ja typen oksidien sekä hiilidioksidipäästöjen yhtaikaisen rajoittamisen tarkastelu on vaivatonta. Mallin tulokset kuvaavat energiajärjestelmän ja päästönvähennystoimenpiteet, joilla edullisimmin saavutetaan asetetut päästötavoitteet tarkasteluaikavälillä. Raportin tarkoituksena on antaa hyvä yleiskuva EFOM-ENV-mallien käytöstä. Mallien yksityiskohtia on esitelty melko laajasti niiden ilmaisukyvyn ymmärtämisen helpottamiseksi. Erityistä painoa on pantu mallien käyttömahdollisuuksien ja rajoitusten analysointiin. Raportissa kuvataan Suomen EFOM-ENV-mallin erityispiirteet ja sen keväällä 1991 valmistuneen perusversion käytöstä saatuja kokemuksia. Käyttökokemukset ovat olleet pääosin hyviä, mutta mallin kehittäminen jatkuu. Perusmalli ei vielä sisällä kaikkia järjestelmän rakenteellisia vaihtoehtoja, eikä siinä käytettyjä parametreja ole kaikin osin vielä huolellisesti analysoitu. Saatujen tulosten tarkasteluun ei siksi ole tässä raportissa pantu suurta painoa.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Impola; Risto; Viinikainen, Seppo;
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    VIRTA
    Part of book or chapter of book . 1998
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 1998
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Kokko, Kai; Helenius, Heidi; Juhola; Sirkku;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao http://juuli.fi/Reco...arrow_drop_down
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  • Authors: Sinkko, Taija; Hakala, Kaija; Villa, Aki;
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    Authors: Nippala, Eero; Nuuttila, Harri; Heljo, Juhani;

    Projekti on osa Ympäristöklusterin kolmannen ohjelmakauden 2003-2005 "Ekotehokas Yhteiskunta" tutkimusohjelmaa. Rakennuskannan koon kasvu ja laatutason nosto lisäävät energiankulutusta enemmän kuin mitä poistuvaa rakennuskantaa energiatehokkaampi uudistuotanto ja energiansäästötoimenpiteet vähentävät. EKOREM-mallilla laskettu asuin- ja palvelurakennusten hyötylämmitysenergian sekä talous- ja kiinteistösähkön yhteiskulutus kasvaa vuoden 2000 arvosta 77 TWh/a vuoden 2010 arvoon 81 TWh/a eli 5 % kymmenessä vuodessa. EKOREM-mallin laskelmien mukaan asuin- ja palvelurakennusten aiheuttamien kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen määrä oli vuonna 2000 19,2 milj. tonnia CO2-ekv. Vuonna 2010 päästömäärän on arvioitu olevan 20,4 milj. tonnia CO2-ekv eli kasvua olisi 10 vuodessa 6 %. Vuonna 2010 asuin- ja palvelurakennusten aiheuttamista kasvihuonekaasupäästöistä tulee noin neljäsosa huoneisto- ja kiinteistösähkön käytöstä, toinen neljäsosa lämmityssähkön käytöstä, reilu neljäsosa kaukolämmön käytöstä ja viidesosa lämmitysöljyn käytöstä. Tuotantorakennusten aiheuttamat vastaavat kasvihuonekaasupäästöt voi arvioida vai karkeasti. Niiden suuruusluokaksi on saatu 7 milj. tonnia CO2-ekv vuonna 2010.

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    Authors: Lemettinen, Lotta; Virtanen, Yrjö; Junttila, Vesa;

    Julkaisu on osa laajempaa tutkimusta "Suomen energiantuotannon elinkaaritiedot -projekti" (SEEP). Polttoaineiden varastointi käsitellään erillisenä raporttina, samoin polttoaineiden hankinta ja jalostus, loppukäyttöenergian tuotanto ja loppukäyttöenergian siirto. Executive Summary -raportissa esitetään erillis-raporttien keskeiset tulokset. Tässä raportissa käsitellään polttoainevarastoinnin ja -kuljetuksien ympäristö-tietoja. Polttoaineista saatiin varastoinnin osalta SEEP-kyselyssä tietoja polttoöljystä, kivihiilestä, turpeesta sekä puupolttoaineesta. Tarkasteltuja tietoja ovat varastoinnista aiheutuvat kiinteät jätteet, päästöt ilmaan ja veteen sekä epäsuorasti vaikuttava varastoinnin oma energiankäyttö. Aihetta on raportissa käsitelty pääosin SEEP-tuottajakyselyn vastausten pohjalta. Varastointi- ja kuljetustavoista on tehty muutamia oletuksia ja yhdenmukaistuksia yhtenäisen kuvan luomiseksi, eli kaiken polttoaineen (polttoainejaottelun sisällä) on oletettu läpikäyvän samat varastointivaiheet ja käyttävän samaa kuljetus-välinettä, kuljetusmatkat taas on otettu huomioon siirtyvällä polttoainemäärällä painotettuina keskiarvoina. Lopullisessa tietokannassa käytettävät kuljetus-prosessit on esitetty Polttoaineketjut-raportissa. Ongelmana raportin laatimisessa on ollut tiedon puute. Tuottajakyselyyn vastanneiden huono polttoainevarastoinnin ympäristövaikutusten tuntemus yllätti yleisyydellään, samoin paikkaavan tiedon huono saatavuus. Täydentävien tietojen lähteistä merkittävin on sveitsiläinen "Ökoinventare fr Energiesysteme" -tietokanta.

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