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  • Energy Research
  • 2021-2025
  • 11. Sustainability
  • 7. Clean energy
  • 8. Economic growth
  • German

  • Authors: Blach, Oliver Florian;

    In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen der internationalen Entwicklungen im Bereich der Mobilität und dessen Potential für eine zukünftige Verkehrsplanung in der Stadt Wien untersucht. Aktuell zeigt die COVID-19- Pandemie welche Wege tatsächlich notwendig sind und wie Personen ihren Berufen und Verpflichtungen auf eine neue, digitale Art und Weise nachgehen können. Die vergangenen Entwicklungen in Wien zeigen bereits, welche Maßnahmen zielführend sind und welche Auswirkungen diese für die Bevölkerung und deren Mobilität in einer Stadt haben. Zu Beginn dieser Arbeit werden diese Themen behandelt. Anschließend werden die aktuellen Konzepte und Projekte der Regierung in einem Kapitel vorgestellt, um einen Überblick über zukünftige Maßnahmen zur CO2-Reduktion aufzuzeigen. Die Zukunft steht unter dem Motto ‚Neue Mobilität‘, diese gilt es im gleichnamigen Kapitel zu definieren und mögliche Auswirkungen auf die zukünftige Verkehrsplanung darzustellen. Diese Abschnitte sind Grundlage für die erstellte Umfrage ‚Mobilität in & um Wien‘, die die aktuelle Situation und Visionen der Teilnehmer abruft. Die Ergebnisse werden zunächst in einem allgemeinen Teil analysiert und im darauffolgenden Abschnitt für Lösungsmöglichkeiten in unterschiedlichen Varianten herangezogen. Um den Rahmen der Arbeit einzugrenzen, fokussieren sich die Varianten auf drei klassische Bewegungsprofile (Ziel-, Quell- und Binnenverkehr), welche auf den gewählten Routen die Versorgung und den Ausbau sowie Nachhaltigkeit und Verbesserungspotential der Verkehrstypen (ÖPNV, MIV und NMIV) untersuchen. Die einzelnen Potentiale der Verkehrsströme werden in Bezug auf die Verkehrstypen zusammengefasst und zeigen, dass in allen Bereichen vor allem aber in der Versorgung und im Ausbau die größten Optimierungspotentiale liegen. Neben der besseren Ausstattung der Ladeinfrastruktur für den MIV sind Raum und Aufteilung der Straße die wichtigsten Bereiche für den NMIV. Die Erkenntnisse zeigen jedoch auch, dass für detaillierte Verbesserungen Gebiete per se genauer untersucht werden müssen. Allerdings ist es herausfordernd ein Konzept zu erstellen, welches die Zufriedenheit aller im Verkehr Beteiligten erlangt. Demnach sollten zukünftige Verkehrskonzepte alle Verkehrsteilnehmer gleichermaßen einbeziehen, um eine funktionierende Gesamtlösung für die Stadt Wien zu erzielen. This thesis deals with the impact of international developments in the field of mobility and its potential for future traffic planning in Vienna. The COVID-19 pandemic is currently showing which ways are necessary and how people pursue their jobs and tasks in a new, digital method. The past developments in Vienna have already shown which measures are effective and what the consequences for the population and their mobility in a city are. These topics are presented and identified at the beginning of this thesis. Subsequently, the ongoing concepts and projects initiated by the central government of Austria and the local administration of Vienna are highlighted to study the prospects of future measures to reduce CO2 emissions, followed by the possible effects on future traffic planning, which are defined in the corresponding chapter. New mobility is the motto of the future. The results of these chapters are the basis for the organised survey, 'Mobilität in & um Wien’, which highlights the current situation and visions of the participants. First, the results are analysed in the general part of this thesis and then assessed in the following chapter for possible solutions of different variants. To limit the scope of this study, the variants focus on three classic movement profiles - destination traffic, source traffic, and inland traffic – examining the potential of supply and expansion, as well as the sustainability and improvement, of the different types of traffic (public transport, private motorised traffic, and non-motorised individual transport) on selected routes. The individual potentials of traffic flows are summarised in relation to the types of traffic and reveal, that, in all areas, supply and expansion have the greatest potential for optimisation. In addition, improvements to the equipment for charging infrastructure of PMV, space development and the layout of streets are the most important areas for the NMT. However, the findings also show that areas per se need to be examined more closely for detailed improvements. In other words, it is challenging to create a concept that satisfies all those who participate in traffic. The results of this thesis indicate that future traffic concepts should involve all participants equally to achieve an overall functioning solution for the city of Vienna. vorgelegt von: Oliver Florian Blach Auch als Printbestand verfügbar Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2021

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    Authors: Haas, Stefan;

    Bauherren formulieren immer ��fter den Wunsch nach einem gesunden Wohnumfeld. Aufgrund von verf��gbarem Materialwissen und Baustoffinformationssystemen sind Planer mittlerweile in der Lage, materialspezifische Anforderungen zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen abzuleiten. Aktuell gibt es jedoch keine standardisierten Vorgehensstrategien und Hilfen, die den Planer bei der Umsetzung der daraus entstehenden prozessbezogenen Herausforderungen unterst��tzen. Schadstoffarme Projekte werden h��ufig als Individualwerk, mit immer wieder neu konzipierten Abl��ufen, von Experten durchgef��hrt. Bereits entwickelte Expertenl��sungen verbleiben als exklusives Wissen bei wenigen Fachplanern. Nur einzelne Teilprozesse sind als Strategiewissen f��r alle verf��gbar. Somit bleiben zu viele Fragen und Unsicherheiten zur Planung und Bauausf��hrung offen, Experten sind nach wie vor notwendig, wenn besonders schadstoffarm gebaut werden soll. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer prozessbezogenen Vorgehensstrategie zur Qualit��tssicherung des schadstoffarmen Planens und Bauens. Eine praxisnahe Systematik soll ���neue��� Abl��ufe und Zusammenh��nge f��r Planer aufzeigen, um fr��hzeitig Risiken zu vermeiden. Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie zu theoretischen Risikomodellen und beispielhaften Bauteilbetrachtungen wird eine qualitative Studie mit der Methode der Experteninterviews durchgef��hrt, um Expertenwissen und deren Planungswissen zu explizieren und f��r die Ergebniserstellung zu interpretieren. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung werden sieben sog. ���neue��� Kernprozesse zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen definiert und mit Checklisten hinterlegt. Um aufzuzeigen, wie der theoretische Ansatz in eine praxisnahe Anwendung ��berf��hrt werden muss, folgt eine zweite Ausarbeitungsstufe. In dieser werden die Modelle und die Checklisten zu einem Strategiemuster zusammengef��hrt. F��r zwei Bauteile k��nnen hiernach eine Bauteilmatrix, Bauteilmuster und Hilfetexte erstellt werden. Die entwickelte Vorgehensstrategie stellt eine praxisnahe Planungshilfe zur Qualit��tssicherung dar und besteht aus folgenden 4 Ebenen: - Ebene E.1 ���Strategiemuster��� - ��berblick Risikobereiche. - Ebene E.2 ���Bauteilmuster��� - Vergleichsm��glichkeit Bauteile. - Ebene E.3 ���Bauteilmatrix��� - Kurzhinweise Risiken. - Ebene E.4 ���Strategiebl��tter��� - Handlungsanweisung. Clients more and more ask for healthy living and working environments. Planers see themselves challenged to fulfill these requests. They benefit from product information, which aims to support them, and which evolves ongoing. But nevertheless, currently, there are no standardized and freely accessible procedural strategies and aids, supporting the planner in implementing these specified requirements in planning and construction processes. Project management is often carried by an individual with him constantly redesigned processes. This comes with a large number of questions and uncertainties in regards to planning and construction, resulting in the consultation of an expert. The aim of the following research work is the development of a process-related strategy, which helps to qualitatively manage planning and construction processes of environmentally-friendly projects, projects that contain fewer pollutants. New processes are to modeled in step with actual practice in order to avoid risks early enough. Based on a preliminary study of theoretical risk models and exemplary construction components, a qualitative study helps to explicate expert knowledge and strategies by using the method of expert interviews. As a research result, seven so-called "new" key processes are defined for the planning and construction of projects with fewer pollutants. These results are displayed as two-dimensional models in various levels of detail and are supplemented by so-called checklists. In order to transmit these theoretical approaches into a practical application, a strategy pattern is developed out of the models and the checklists. In addition, this pattern is verified du to an exemplification with the examples of two external walls. As a result, a matrix as well as a pattern for each construction element can be deviated. Due to the complementation by additional information and the design of a so called strategic data sheet, the scheme and its elements for the quality management system can be identified and defined as the following: - Level 1 E.1 ���Strategy Pattern��� - overview risks. - Level 2 E.2 ���Construction Element Matrix��� - comparison of constructions. - Level 3 E.3 ���Construction Element Pattern��� - key information. - Level 4 E.4 ���Strategic Data Sheet��� - additional information.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
      Doctoral thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Doctoral thesis . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Weck-Ponten, Sebastian;

    In future, heat pumps and shallow geothermal energy will play a central role in the decarbonization of the building and energy sector. The potentials of shallow geothermal energy have not been exploited so far, in particular due to the high complexity of planning and approval processes. In addition, the various stakeholders involved in the planning process create interfaces, which can lead to transfer gaps and barriers for an optimized system design. In order to raise the potentials and optimize the system design, a holistic planning process and the combination of different planning tools are necessary, which enable, among other things, geothermal site evaluations, the representation of the mutual thermal influence of geothermal borehole heat exchangers and their effects on neighboring properties, as well as the evaluation of geothermal systems under consideration of economic and ecological decision parameters. In this context, a simulation-based multi-level planning methodology is presented, which enables the holistic planning of geothermal heat pump systems with borehole heat exchangers on the scales of single buildings up to district level in the early planning phases. By integrating calculation tools for mapping the upper ground and subsurface into a closed simulation chain, existing transfer gaps between different trades can be closed. Using a prototypically implemented system configurator, geothermal heat pump systems can be designed in detail, compared with conventional systems, and evaluated on the basis of technical, energetic, economic, and ecological criteria. The combination of configuration, immediate result plotting and automatically triggered simulations running in the background enables an iterative and practical design process. In this context, a heat pump system model is presented which is adapted to the functionalities of the system configurator and specialized for the early planning process. This model includes thermal storage balances and control algorithms, is applicable on city district level and can be coupled bidirectionally to subsurface models. The tool chain's connection to an existing web- and GIS-based geoportal including databases enables a central data aggregation and geothermal site evaluations. This can provide tool-based support for the application and approval process of shallow geothermal systems and holistic planning approaches such as municipal heat planning. Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2023; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2023). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2023 Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
    Doctoral thesis . 2023
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  • Authors: Trimmel, Filiz;

    Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema ein nachhaltiges, ökologisches und ökonomisches Hotel in Antalya zu entwerfen. Das Klima in Antalya tritt im Allgemeinen in das mediterrane Klima ein. Die Sommer sind heiß und trocken, die Winter regnerisch und stürmisch. Da Antalya eine Touristenstadt ist, gibt es hier Unmengen an Hotels, die vorwiegend für Großfamilien mit Kindern sind. Dieser Entwurf ist anders als die „herkömmlichen“ Hotelprojekte, die es in Antalya schon gibt. Das Ziel des Entwurfes ist ein Treibhaus- und/oder Gewächshaushotel mit all seinen nachhaltigen Nutzen entlang der Küste zu schaffen. Neben der nachhaltigen Gebäudestruktur des Öko-Hotels werden viele energiesparenden Maßnahmen eingesetzt. Im Fokus stehen hierbei die Verwendung von natürlichen Baumaterialien in monolithischer Bauweise, unterirdische monolithische Betonzisterne für Trink- oder Nutzwasser zur Bewässerung des Innengartens und ebenso eine Meerwassersolaranlage, die als zusätzliches Trinkwasser fungieren soll. Durch Gebäudeintegrierte Photovoltaik-Module (GiPV) an der Fassade und auf dem Dach des Atriums wird die Sonnenenergie genutzt und in Strom zur Erwärmung des Duschwassers umgewandelt. Ein Gebäude, dass nicht nur nimmt, sondern auch gibt! Gegen die Monotonie im Alltag soll das Öko-Hotel eine abwechslungsreiche und beruhigende Entspannung fördern. Als therapeutische Zwecke wird die Thalasso- und Kneipp-Therapie angewendet. Thalasso ist einfach eine Heilbehandlung am und mit dem Meer, aber mit allem, was dazugehört: Wasser, Algen, Schlick, Wind, Salz und frischer, daher schadstoff- und pollenfreier Meeresluft. Einzigartige, heilende Kräfte für Körper und Seele! This diploma thesis describes the idea of designing a sustainable, ecological and economical hotel in Antalya. The climate in Antalya generally enters the Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot and dry, winters are rainy and stormy. Antalya is a tourist city, there are tons of hotels here, which are mainly for large families with children. This design is different from the „conventional“ hotel projects that already exist in Antalya. The aim of the design is to create a greenhouse and/or glasshouse hotel with all its sustainable benefits along the coast. In addition to the sustainable building structure of the eco hotel, many energy-saving measures are used. The focus here is on the use of natural building materials in monolithic construction, underground monolithic concrete cisterns for drinking water or water for other purposes to irrigate the inner garden and also a seawater solar system, which is intended to serve as additional drinking water. Building-integrated photovoltaic modules (BiPV) on the facade and on the roof of the atrium use solar energy and convert it into electricity to heat the shower water. A building that not only takes, but also gives! Against the monotony of everyday life, the eco-hotel is intended to promote varied and soothing relaxation. Thalasso and Kneipp therapy are used for therapeutic purposes. Thalasso is simply a healing treatment by and with the sea, but with everything that goes with it: water, algae, mud, wind, salt and fresh sea air, which is therefore free of pollutants and pollen. Unique, healing powers for body and soul!

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  • Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes metabolon IIb (EFRE-0500033) erstellt. Im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft war das Schließen großer Energie- und Stoffkreisläufe Gegenstand einer Vielzahl von Teilprojekten. Ziel war es, aus biogenen sowie abfallstämmigen Reststoffen entweder regenerative Energie zu gewinnen oder werthaltige Materialien in den anthropogenen Stoffkreislauf zurückzuführen. Die vorliegende Arbeit enstand bei der Bearbeitung der Fragestellung bezüglich der Bedeutung der hydrothermalen Karbonisierung (HTC) im Hinblick auf die zukünftige regenerative Energiebereitstellung. Das übergeordnete Ziel der Arbeit bestand darin, den HTC-Prozess in ganzheitliche Prozessketten zu integrieren und diese im Hinblick auf die energetische Verwertung unter Berücksichtigung der Treibhausgasemissionen (GWP) zu bewerten. Da es nur wenige HTC-Anlagen im industriellen Maßstab gibt und keine standardisierten Modellvorstellungen zur Abbildung des Prozesses existieren, wurde ein tragfähiges Reaktormodell auf Basis eines empirischen kinetischen Ansatzes für die HTC entwickelt. Das Reaktormodell wurde genutzt, um die Massen- und Energieverteilung auf die drei Produktphasen (fest, flüssig und gasförmig) zu berechnen und mit entsprechenden experimentellen Untersuchungen zu evaluieren. Ein potentielles Einsatzgebiet bietet die HTC von häuslichem Bioabfall und dessen Gärresten, die als Eingangsstoff in der Arbeit verwendet wurden. Die Prozessketten wurden im Anschluss anhand von Prozesswirkungsgraden beurteilt und mit konventionellen Prozessketten verglichen. Als konventionelle Prozessketten wurden die Verbrennung des Bioabfalls in einer Müllverbrennungsanlage („I“) und dessen Vergärung mit anschließender Kompostierung („AD+comp“) untersucht. Dabei wurden exergetische Nettowirkungsgrade von 13,7% für „I“ und 12,1% für „AD+comp“ erzielt. Durch die Integration einer HTC konnte der exergetische Wirkungsgrad im Vergleich zu der Verbrennung in einer Müllverbrennungsanlage um 70% und im Vergleich zu der konventionellen Vergärung um 93% gesteigert werden. Zusätzlich wurden mit Hilfe der Datensätze aus dem Gesamtmodell das GWP ermittelt. Das GWP lag in den Referenzfällen bei ∼500gCO2,Eq kW−1 h−1. Durch die Integration der HTC-Einheit konnten das GWP um bis zu 30% im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Behandlungspfaden reduziert werden. The thesis presented here was produced as part of a research project metabolon IIb (EFRE-0500033). In terms of the circular economy, the focus was on closing energy cycles and material circulations. The goal was either to generate regenerative energy or to return valuable materials back to the anthropogenic material cycle, with the focus on biogenic or waste residues as input material. The thesis arose while dealing with the question of the importance of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) regarding future regenerative energy supply. The overall goal of the thesis was then to integrate the HTC process into holistic process chains and to evaluate its energetic use considering the global warming potential (GWP). Due to the lack of HTC plants on an industrial scale and standardized model implementations, a feasible reactor model based on an empirical kinetic approach for HTC was developed. The model was used to calculate the mass and energy distribution in the three production phases (solid, liquid, and gaseous) and evaluated with experimental analyses. The HTC offers a potential application from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and its digestate, which were used as feedstock. In addition, the process chains were assessed based on their efficiencies and compared with conventional process chains. The representative conventional process chains in this case were the incineration of OFMSW in a waste incineration plant (“I“) and the treatment in an anaerobe digestion plant followed by composting (“AD+comp“). Here, the exergetic net efficiency was 13,7% for “I“ and 12,1% for “AD+comp“. The implementation of an HTC-process increased the exergetic efficiencies by 70% compared with “I“ and by 93% compared with “AD+comp“. The GWP was ∼500gCO2,Eq kW−1 h−1 in the reference cases. The integration of an HTC unit reduced the GWP by 30% compared to the conventional pathway.

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  • Authors: Boyd, Nicholas;

    Um Klimaneutralität im Jahr 2050 zu erreichen, ist eine vollständige Substitution der fossilen Energieträger durch erneuerbare Energie erforderlich. Der Einsatz von klimafreundlichen Technologien in der Elektrizitätserzeugung sowie in den Sektoren Verkehr, Industrie, Haushalt, Gewerbe und Landwirtschaft ist unbedingt notwendig.Zur Analyse der Umsetzbarkeit verschiedener Technologien zur Erreichung der Klimaziele hinsichtlich Energie- und Flächenbedarf sowie Kosten wurde in dieser Arbeit ein auf beliebige Regionen anwendbares Modell entwickelt. Der Fokus lag dabei am Straßenverkehrssektor, der in drei Zukunftsszenarien betrachtet wurde, um den zukünftigen Strombedarf verschiedener Bestandsentwicklungen im Verkehr zu berechnen. Des Weiteren wurde ein möglicher Weg zur vollständigen Umstellung der industriellen Energiebereitstellung sowie des Haushalts- und Gewerbesektors auf erneuerbare Energien untersucht, woraus der künftige Elektrizitätsbedarf in diesen Sektoren berechnet wurde. Durch die Überlagerung von sektorenspezifischen Lastprofilen konnte der Systemlastgang der betrachteten Region ermittelt werden. Aus der Berechnung des jährlichen Elektrizitätsbedarfs konnte der notwendige Ausbau an erneuerbaren Erzeugern mit den jeweiligen Einspeiseprofilen ermittelt werden. Eine anschließende Gegenüberstellung des gesamten Erzeugungsprofils und des Systemlastgangs der Verbraucher erlaubte eine Untersuchung der Residuallast und damit des lang- sowie kurzfristigen Flexibilitätsbedarfs (Speicherbedarf) des Stromnetzes. Die Anwendung der entwickelten Methodik erfolgte in dieser Arbeit am Beispiel von Österreich, EU, USA, China und Japan. Für Österreich ergibt sich auf Basis der Modellberechnungen in den untersuchten Szenarien ein jährlicher inländischer Gesamtstrombedarf von 114 TWh (Szenario „E-Fuel“), 127 TWh (Szenario „50:50“) und 143 TWh (Szenario „100% BEV“). Bei Betrachtung der untersuchten Ausbauszenarien ergibt sich je nach Mobilitätsszenario eine notwendige installierte Leistung regenerativer Stromerzeuger von 55 bis 83 GW. In der Berechnung des Flächenbedarfs für den Ausbau Erneuerbarer Erzeuger und die Stromspeicherung ergibt sich je nach Mobilitätsszenario eine zusätzlich benötigte Fläche in Österreich von zwischen 1.800 und 2.500 km2. Für die Erzeugung synthetischer Kraftstoffe für Österreich in Marokko wären in den Szenarien „50:50“ und „E-Fuel“ PV-Kapazitäten von 31 bzw. 55 GW und damit Flächen von 440 bzw. 770 km2 notwendig. Die Kosten für den inländischen Ausbau Erneuerbarer Energien, die Errichtung und den Betrieb des Speichers in Österreich und die Gestehungskosten synthetischer Kraftstoffe belaufen sich auf 9 („E-Fuel“), 7 („50:50“) und 4,5 („100% BEV“) Mrd. Euro pro Jahr im Zeitraum bis 2050 (exkl. Netzerweiterungskosten). To achieve climate neutrality in 2050, a complete substitution of fossil energy sources by renewable energy is required. The use of climate-friendly technologies in electricity generation as well as in the transport, industry, household, commercial and agricultural sectors is absolutely necessary.To analyze the feasibility of different technologies to achieve climate goals in terms of energy and land requirements and costs, a model applicable to any region was developed in this work. The focus was on the road transport sector, which was considered in three future scenarios in order to calculate the future electricity demand of different stock developments in transport. Furthermore, a possible pathway for the complete conversion of the industrial energy supply as well as the household and commercial sector to renewable energies was investigated, from which the future electricity demand in these sectors was calculated. By superimposing sector-specific load profiles, it was possible to determine the system load profile of the region under consideration. From the calculation of the annual electricity demand, the necessary expansion of renewable generators with the respective feed-in profiles could be determined. A subsequent comparison of the entire generation profile and the system load profile allowed an investigation of the residual load and thus the long-term and short-term flexibility requirements (storage requirements) of the power grid. The application of the developed methodology was carried out in this work using Austria, the EU, the USA, China and Japan as examples. Based on the model calculations, the total annual domestic electricity demand for Austria in the scenarios examined is 114 TWh (Scenario "E-fuel"), 127 TWh (Scenario "50:50") and 143 TWh (Scenario "100% BEV"). Considering the studied expansion scenarios, the required installed capacity of renewable electricity generators ranges from 55 to 83 GW, depending on the mobility scenario. In the calculation of the area required for the expansion of renewable generators and electricity storage, the additional area required in Austria is between 1,800 and 2,500 km2 , depending on the mobility scenario. To produce synthetic fuels for Austria in Morocco, an installed PV capacity of 31 and 55 GW and thus areas of 440 and 770 km2 would be required in the "50:50" and "E-Fuel" scenarios, respectively. The costs for the domestic expansion of renewable energies, the construction and operation of the storage facility in Austria and the production costs of synthetic fuels amount to 9 ("E-Fuel"), 7 ("50:50") and 4.5 ("100% BEV”) billion euros per year in the period up to 2050 (excluding grid expansion costs).

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  • Authors: Kodritsch, Philipp;

    Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Planung einer Wasserstoffproduktionsanlage, gekoppelt mit dem Mittelspannungsnetz zur Teilnahme am Regelenergiemarkt. In erster Linie werden wesentliche elektrische und verfahrenstechnische Betriebsmittel ermittelt.Das Industrienetz und das Schutzkonzept wird mit Hilfe elektrotechnischer Überlegungen auf Basis von in Österreich geltenden Richtlinien, Normen und Regelwerken für den Netzbetrieb entwickelt. Mit NEPLAN werden wesentliche Betriebsweisen simuliert und analysiert. Die Wasserstofferzeugung geschieht durch zwei unterschiedliche Verfahren: Erstens, durch den thermochemischen Prozess bestehend aus Biomassevergasung und Wasserdampfreformierung; zweitens, durch elektrische Elektrolyse von Strom aus der integrierten Photovoltaikanlage und negativer sekundärer Regelenergie aus dem Netz.Die gesamte Anlage ist auf eine Wasserstoffproduktion von 200 kg/h bemessen. Die elektrische Elektrolyse stellt ein Viertel davon und das thermochemische Verfahren den Rest. Herzstück der Anlage für die thermochemische Umwandlung ist der Wirbelschichtvergaser, welcher auf dem an der TU Wien entwickelten Fast Internal Circulating Fluidised Bed (FICFB) Vergasungsverfahren basiert. Die Elektrolyse wird durch die Photovoltaikanlage, die Überschussleistung aus dem Netz und dem Blockheizkraftwerk versorgt. Die Erzeugungsspitzen der Photovoltaikanlage und der zugewiesene Leistungsüberschuss am vorgelagerten Mittelspannungsnetz werden in einer Batterieanlage zwischengespeichert und bei niedriger Erzeugung in der Elektrolyseanlage zu Wasserstoff umgewandelt.Die Netzintegration der Anlage ins Mittelspannungsnetz geschieht durch das LINK-Modell, welches die Einbindung komplexer netzgekoppelter Betriebsfahrweisen einfacher gestaltet als derzeit angewendete Lösungen. Mit Hilfe von Lastflussberechnungen werden Betriebszustände analysiert und die Planung überprüft. Auf Basis der anschließenden Kurzschlussberechnung werden Lösungen für die Umsetzung der Schutztechnik vorgeschlagen.Als Abschluss werden wesentliche Fahrweisen der Gesamtanlage untersucht, welche in der Praxis je nach Einsatzzweck und den Rahmenbedingungen des Betreibers angewendet werden können. Der Autor wünscht sich, durch die erarbeiteten Planungs- und Analyseergebnisse einen hilfreichen Beitrag zum weiteren Ausbau der Wasserstofftechnologien und Abbau der fossilen Energieabhängigkeiten Österreichs sowie Europas geschaffen zu haben. This thesis deals with planning of a hydrogen production plant coupled to the medium-voltage grid to participate in the control energymarket. First and fore most, essential electrical and process engineering equipment is determined.The industrial network and the protection concept are developed with the help of electrical engineering considerations based on the guidelines, standards and regulations for network operation valid in Austria. NEPLAN is used to simulate the basic operating modes of the facility. Hydrogen is produced using two procedures: firstly, by the thermochemical process of biomass gasification and steam reforming;secondly, by the electrical electrolysis of electricity from the integrated photovoltaic system and negative secondary control energy from the grid.The electrical electrolysis process is designed to produce a quarter of the maximal hydrogen production of 200kg/h. The thermochemical process provides the rest. The centerpiece of the plant for the thermochemical conversion is the fluidized bed gasifier, which is based on the FICFB gasification process developed at the TU Vienna. The electrolysis draws the power from the photovoltaic system,the electricity surplus from the grid and the combined heat and powerplant. The generation peaks of the photovoltaic system and the allocated excess power on the upstream medium-voltage grid are temporarily stored in a battery system and converted to hydrogen at lower generation in the electrolysis plant.The grid integration of the system into the medium-voltage grid is carried out by the LINK model, which is much simpler compared to the current integration solutions. With the help of load flow calculations, operating states are analyzed and the planning checked. Based on the short-circuit calculations, suggestions for implementing the discussed protection technology are given.In conclusion, essential driving styles of the entire system are examined, which in practice depends on the intended use and the general conditions of the operator can be applied. Through the developed planning and analysis of the hydrogen production plant, the author wishes results to be helpful for the further expansion of hydrogen technologies and reduce created fossil energy dependencies in Austria and Europe.

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  • Authors: Sommer, Mario;

    “Continuing the existing” is a quite topical notion in the discourse on sustainability in architecture. Decisions are often made too casually and existing buildings have to give way in favour of new ones. The underlying reasons are mostly based on economic considerations. However, when viewed from an ecological or cultural perspective, this treatment of the existing cannot be justified. Especially in rural areas, vacancies are accumulating and new concepts and uses are developing rather slowly. This work does not focus on the spatial planning solutions concerning this problem, but rather on the intervention and the building itself. It is therefore necessary to show that a good design for a conversion is in no way inferior to a new building. On the contrary, “Building in the existing fabric” offers a repertoire of elements that architects hardly have at their disposal for new designs. Thus, the existing building, through its given parameters, allows spaces and atmospheres to emerge that for a new building would be rather difficult to design. This unique atmospheric potential, which is given by the history of the buildings, is further enhanced through the simultaneity of old and new. To ensure this, this work aims to systematically search for the best possible intervention. „Weiterbauen“ lautet ein sehr aktueller Begriff im Diskurs um Nachhaltigkeit in der Architektur. Zu einfach werden Entscheidungen gefällt und Bestand muss einem Neubau weichen. Die Gründe dafür sind meist wirtschaftlicher Natur. Wird es allerdings von einer ökologischen oder kulturellen Perspektive betrachtet, ist dieser Umgang mit dem Bestehenden nicht zu rechtfertigen. Vor allem im ruralen Raum häufen sich leerstehende Gebäude an und neue Konzepte und Nutzungen sind sehr tr.ge in der Entwicklung.In dieser Arbeit liegt der Fokus nicht auf den raumplanerischen Ansätzen zur Lösung dieser Problematik, vielmehr richtet sich der Fokus auf den Eingriff und das Gebäude an sich. Es gilt aufzuzeigen, dass ein guter Entwurf für einen Umbau, einem Neubau um nichts nachsteht. Im Gegenteil, das „Bauen im Bestand“ bietet Architekt:innen ein Repertoire, das ihnen selbst kaum möglich ist, abzurufen. So lässt das Bestehende, durch die gegebenen Parameter, Räume und Atmosphären entstehen, welche in einem Neubau nur sehr schwer zu erzeugen sind. Dieses einzigartige atmosphärische Potenzial, welchesdurch die Historie der Gebäude gegeben ist, wird durch das Aufeinandertreffen von Alt auf Neu verstärkt. Dafür wird systematisch nach dem „richtigen“ Eingriff gesucht.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Gabriëls, René; Nauta, Wiebe;

    Against the backdrop of the irreversible and systematic destruction of ecosystems, necessary for the survival and quality of life of people and non-human species, caused by human agency and socio-economic structures, we explore the opportunities and challenges to resist ecocide in relation to socio-economic inequality and the crisis of democracy. To this end, first section focuses on the diagnosis of ecocide. We show that due to three fallacies the connection between ecocide, socio-economic inequality and the crisis of democracy is not sufficiently accentuated. In the second section, several contemporary political measures to deal with ecocide are critically examined. We will argue that Agenda 2030, the Sustainable Development Goals, is part of the problem as it falsely assumes the compatibility of sustainability and economic growth. Finally, in the third section, the opportunities and challenges of resistance to ecocide are discussed with an emphasis on the power asymmetries between the Global North (GN) and the GS.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Maastricht Universit...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Maastricht Universit...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Jörg Blankenbach; Jan Echterhoff; Johannes Pinnekamp;

    Urban drainage infrastructure has to adapt to challenges such as climate change, but also to trends such as population and settlement development. At the same time, the opportunities offered by digitization can be used to meet these challenges. In this thesis, therefore, two geoinformation-based models are developed, which use the advancing digitization to contribute to the adaptation of urban drainage to demographic and climate change. An important aspect of municipal flood protection are nature-oriented measures for the rainwater management as part of water-sensitive urban development. According to the recognized rules of technology, the overriding goal of rainwater management is to approximate the natural water balance. The estimate of this target value is difficult to determine. The potential offered by decentralized rainwater management measures to achieve or approach this target as well. One geoinformation-based model pursues these two goals. The first goal is the estimation of the water balance deficit. The second goal is a limitation of the potential measures for the best compensation of this deficit. For this purpose, structural, geological and hydrogeological restrictions are taken into account. The model works exclusively with geo-referenced data and thus offers direct localization of the results. Furthermore, the model combines the approach of the empirically determined water balance distribution functions of the DWA-A 102 and a GIS-based calculation. The advantages of this combination are the scaling of a selectable study area and the on the fly consideration of restrictions for the measures of decentralized rainwater management. The second geoinformation-based model is an artificial neural network (ANN) for calculating flood areas caused by heavy rain. The trained ANN is suitable for known areas, works in real time and substitute a conventional hydrodynamic model. Therefore, a supervised learning multi-layer feed-forward ANN was set up and trained. After that, it was then examined and assessed for its suitability. For the substitution of a hydrodynamic numerical model for calculation of flooding risks (flood areas or surface runoff) by an ANN, the ANN must 'learn' the hydrological processes of the conventional model. For this learning process, the ANN requires input values that essentially determine the hydrological processes (e.g. precipitation, digital elevation model, type of sealing, barriers and culverts, etc.). Moreover, the AAN requires target values. For the ANN, the target values are areas with a certain height water level caused by a precipitation event (flood areas with flood level). These target values were first calculated using a hydrodynamic numerical model.The developed model shows that ANNs are more suitable than conventional hydrodynamic numerical models for certain applications due to their computing speed. Even if the generalizability of the trained ANN to other model areas could not be successfully demonstrated, the ANN however was able to predict good results for a sufficiently known range of values.The biggest advantage of the ANN is the low computing time for predicting flood areas. In contrast to hydrodynamic numerical models, the ANN predicts flood areas with sufficient accuracy in a few seconds. The application possibilities of the developed model thus specialize in cases in which these strengths are indispensable. One indispensability is the prediction of flood area caused by spontaneously and spatially limited heavy rain. This indispensability is also a demand of the municipal flood protection. Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2021; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2021). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2021 Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publikationsserver d...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
    Doctoral thesis . 2021
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
      Doctoral thesis . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • Authors: Blach, Oliver Florian;

    In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen der internationalen Entwicklungen im Bereich der Mobilität und dessen Potential für eine zukünftige Verkehrsplanung in der Stadt Wien untersucht. Aktuell zeigt die COVID-19- Pandemie welche Wege tatsächlich notwendig sind und wie Personen ihren Berufen und Verpflichtungen auf eine neue, digitale Art und Weise nachgehen können. Die vergangenen Entwicklungen in Wien zeigen bereits, welche Maßnahmen zielführend sind und welche Auswirkungen diese für die Bevölkerung und deren Mobilität in einer Stadt haben. Zu Beginn dieser Arbeit werden diese Themen behandelt. Anschließend werden die aktuellen Konzepte und Projekte der Regierung in einem Kapitel vorgestellt, um einen Überblick über zukünftige Maßnahmen zur CO2-Reduktion aufzuzeigen. Die Zukunft steht unter dem Motto ‚Neue Mobilität‘, diese gilt es im gleichnamigen Kapitel zu definieren und mögliche Auswirkungen auf die zukünftige Verkehrsplanung darzustellen. Diese Abschnitte sind Grundlage für die erstellte Umfrage ‚Mobilität in & um Wien‘, die die aktuelle Situation und Visionen der Teilnehmer abruft. Die Ergebnisse werden zunächst in einem allgemeinen Teil analysiert und im darauffolgenden Abschnitt für Lösungsmöglichkeiten in unterschiedlichen Varianten herangezogen. Um den Rahmen der Arbeit einzugrenzen, fokussieren sich die Varianten auf drei klassische Bewegungsprofile (Ziel-, Quell- und Binnenverkehr), welche auf den gewählten Routen die Versorgung und den Ausbau sowie Nachhaltigkeit und Verbesserungspotential der Verkehrstypen (ÖPNV, MIV und NMIV) untersuchen. Die einzelnen Potentiale der Verkehrsströme werden in Bezug auf die Verkehrstypen zusammengefasst und zeigen, dass in allen Bereichen vor allem aber in der Versorgung und im Ausbau die größten Optimierungspotentiale liegen. Neben der besseren Ausstattung der Ladeinfrastruktur für den MIV sind Raum und Aufteilung der Straße die wichtigsten Bereiche für den NMIV. Die Erkenntnisse zeigen jedoch auch, dass für detaillierte Verbesserungen Gebiete per se genauer untersucht werden müssen. Allerdings ist es herausfordernd ein Konzept zu erstellen, welches die Zufriedenheit aller im Verkehr Beteiligten erlangt. Demnach sollten zukünftige Verkehrskonzepte alle Verkehrsteilnehmer gleichermaßen einbeziehen, um eine funktionierende Gesamtlösung für die Stadt Wien zu erzielen. This thesis deals with the impact of international developments in the field of mobility and its potential for future traffic planning in Vienna. The COVID-19 pandemic is currently showing which ways are necessary and how people pursue their jobs and tasks in a new, digital method. The past developments in Vienna have already shown which measures are effective and what the consequences for the population and their mobility in a city are. These topics are presented and identified at the beginning of this thesis. Subsequently, the ongoing concepts and projects initiated by the central government of Austria and the local administration of Vienna are highlighted to study the prospects of future measures to reduce CO2 emissions, followed by the possible effects on future traffic planning, which are defined in the corresponding chapter. New mobility is the motto of the future. The results of these chapters are the basis for the organised survey, 'Mobilität in & um Wien’, which highlights the current situation and visions of the participants. First, the results are analysed in the general part of this thesis and then assessed in the following chapter for possible solutions of different variants. To limit the scope of this study, the variants focus on three classic movement profiles - destination traffic, source traffic, and inland traffic – examining the potential of supply and expansion, as well as the sustainability and improvement, of the different types of traffic (public transport, private motorised traffic, and non-motorised individual transport) on selected routes. The individual potentials of traffic flows are summarised in relation to the types of traffic and reveal, that, in all areas, supply and expansion have the greatest potential for optimisation. In addition, improvements to the equipment for charging infrastructure of PMV, space development and the layout of streets are the most important areas for the NMT. However, the findings also show that areas per se need to be examined more closely for detailed improvements. In other words, it is challenging to create a concept that satisfies all those who participate in traffic. The results of this thesis indicate that future traffic concepts should involve all participants equally to achieve an overall functioning solution for the city of Vienna. vorgelegt von: Oliver Florian Blach Auch als Printbestand verfügbar Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2021

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    Authors: Haas, Stefan;

    Bauherren formulieren immer ��fter den Wunsch nach einem gesunden Wohnumfeld. Aufgrund von verf��gbarem Materialwissen und Baustoffinformationssystemen sind Planer mittlerweile in der Lage, materialspezifische Anforderungen zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen abzuleiten. Aktuell gibt es jedoch keine standardisierten Vorgehensstrategien und Hilfen, die den Planer bei der Umsetzung der daraus entstehenden prozessbezogenen Herausforderungen unterst��tzen. Schadstoffarme Projekte werden h��ufig als Individualwerk, mit immer wieder neu konzipierten Abl��ufen, von Experten durchgef��hrt. Bereits entwickelte Expertenl��sungen verbleiben als exklusives Wissen bei wenigen Fachplanern. Nur einzelne Teilprozesse sind als Strategiewissen f��r alle verf��gbar. Somit bleiben zu viele Fragen und Unsicherheiten zur Planung und Bauausf��hrung offen, Experten sind nach wie vor notwendig, wenn besonders schadstoffarm gebaut werden soll. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer prozessbezogenen Vorgehensstrategie zur Qualit��tssicherung des schadstoffarmen Planens und Bauens. Eine praxisnahe Systematik soll ���neue��� Abl��ufe und Zusammenh��nge f��r Planer aufzeigen, um fr��hzeitig Risiken zu vermeiden. Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie zu theoretischen Risikomodellen und beispielhaften Bauteilbetrachtungen wird eine qualitative Studie mit der Methode der Experteninterviews durchgef��hrt, um Expertenwissen und deren Planungswissen zu explizieren und f��r die Ergebniserstellung zu interpretieren. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung werden sieben sog. ���neue��� Kernprozesse zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen definiert und mit Checklisten hinterlegt. Um aufzuzeigen, wie der theoretische Ansatz in eine praxisnahe Anwendung ��berf��hrt werden muss, folgt eine zweite Ausarbeitungsstufe. In dieser werden die Modelle und die Checklisten zu einem Strategiemuster zusammengef��hrt. F��r zwei Bauteile k��nnen hiernach eine Bauteilmatrix, Bauteilmuster und Hilfetexte erstellt werden. Die entwickelte Vorgehensstrategie stellt eine praxisnahe Planungshilfe zur Qualit��tssicherung dar und besteht aus folgenden 4 Ebenen: - Ebene E.1 ���Strategiemuster��� - ��berblick Risikobereiche. - Ebene E.2 ���Bauteilmuster��� - Vergleichsm��glichkeit Bauteile. - Ebene E.3 ���Bauteilmatrix��� - Kurzhinweise Risiken. - Ebene E.4 ���Strategiebl��tter��� - Handlungsanweisung. Clients more and more ask for healthy living and working environments. Planers see themselves challenged to fulfill these requests. They benefit from product information, which aims to support them, and which evolves ongoing. But nevertheless, currently, there are no standardized and freely accessible procedural strategies and aids, supporting the planner in implementing these specified requirements in planning and construction processes. Project management is often carried by an individual with him constantly redesigned processes. This comes with a large number of questions and uncertainties in regards to planning and construction, resulting in the consultation of an expert. The aim of the following research work is the development of a process-related strategy, which helps to qualitatively manage planning and construction processes of environmentally-friendly projects, projects that contain fewer pollutants. New processes are to modeled in step with actual practice in order to avoid risks early enough. Based on a preliminary study of theoretical risk models and exemplary construction components, a qualitative study helps to explicate expert knowledge and strategies by using the method of expert interviews. As a research result, seven so-called "new" key processes are defined for the planning and construction of projects with fewer pollutants. These results are displayed as two-dimensional models in various levels of detail and are supplemented by so-called checklists. In order to transmit these theoretical approaches into a practical application, a strategy pattern is developed out of the models and the checklists. In addition, this pattern is verified du to an exemplification with the examples of two external walls. As a result, a matrix as well as a pattern for each construction element can be deviated. Due to the complementation by additional information and the design of a so called strategic data sheet, the scheme and its elements for the quality management system can be identified and defined as the following: - Level 1 E.1 ���Strategy Pattern��� - overview risks. - Level 2 E.2 ���Construction Element Matrix��� - comparison of constructions. - Level 3 E.3 ���Construction Element Pattern��� - key information. - Level 4 E.4 ���Strategic Data Sheet��� - additional information.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Weck-Ponten, Sebastian;

    In future, heat pumps and shallow geothermal energy will play a central role in the decarbonization of the building and energy sector. The potentials of shallow geothermal energy have not been exploited so far, in particular due to the high complexity of planning and approval processes. In addition, the various stakeholders involved in the planning process create interfaces, which can lead to transfer gaps and barriers for an optimized system design. In order to raise the potentials and optimize the system design, a holistic planning process and the combination of different planning tools are necessary, which enable, among other things, geothermal site evaluations, the representation of the mutual thermal influence of geothermal borehole heat exchangers and their effects on neighboring properties, as well as the evaluation of geothermal systems under consideration of economic and ecological decision parameters. In this context, a simulation-based multi-level planning methodology is presented, which enables the holistic planning of geothermal heat pump systems with borehole heat exchangers on the scales of single buildings up to district level in the early planning phases. By integrating calculation tools for mapping the upper ground and subsurface into a closed simulation chain, existing transfer gaps between different trades can be closed. Using a prototypically implemented system configurator, geothermal heat pump systems can be designed in detail, compared with conventional systems, and evaluated on the basis of technical, energetic, economic, and ecological criteria. The combination of configuration, immediate result plotting and automatically triggered simulations running in the background enables an iterative and practical design process. In this context, a heat pump system model is presented which is adapted to the functionalities of the system configurator and specialized for the early planning process. This model includes thermal storage balances and control algorithms, is applicable on city district level and can be coupled bidirectionally to subsurface models. The tool chain's connection to an existing web- and GIS-based geoportal including databases enables a central data aggregation and geothermal site evaluations. This can provide tool-based support for the application and approval process of shallow geothermal systems and holistic planning approaches such as municipal heat planning. Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2023; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2023). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2023 Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
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  • Authors: Trimmel, Filiz;

    Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema ein nachhaltiges, ökologisches und ökonomisches Hotel in Antalya zu entwerfen. Das Klima in Antalya tritt im Allgemeinen in das mediterrane Klima ein. Die Sommer sind heiß und trocken, die Winter regnerisch und stürmisch. Da Antalya eine Touristenstadt ist, gibt es hier Unmengen an Hotels, die vorwiegend für Großfamilien mit Kindern sind. Dieser Entwurf ist anders als die „herkömmlichen“ Hotelprojekte, die es in Antalya schon gibt. Das Ziel des Entwurfes ist ein Treibhaus- und/oder Gewächshaushotel mit all seinen nachhaltigen Nutzen entlang der Küste zu schaffen. Neben der nachhaltigen Gebäudestruktur des Öko-Hotels werden viele energiesparenden Maßnahmen eingesetzt. Im Fokus stehen hierbei die Verwendung von natürlichen Baumaterialien in monolithischer Bauweise, unterirdische monolithische Betonzisterne für Trink- oder Nutzwasser zur Bewässerung des Innengartens und ebenso eine Meerwassersolaranlage, die als zusätzliches Trinkwasser fungieren soll. Durch Gebäudeintegrierte Photovoltaik-Module (GiPV) an der Fassade und auf dem Dach des Atriums wird die Sonnenenergie genutzt und in Strom zur Erwärmung des Duschwassers umgewandelt. Ein Gebäude, dass nicht nur nimmt, sondern auch gibt! Gegen die Monotonie im Alltag soll das Öko-Hotel eine abwechslungsreiche und beruhigende Entspannung fördern. Als therapeutische Zwecke wird die Thalasso- und Kneipp-Therapie angewendet. Thalasso ist einfach eine Heilbehandlung am und mit dem Meer, aber mit allem, was dazugehört: Wasser, Algen, Schlick, Wind, Salz und frischer, daher schadstoff- und pollenfreier Meeresluft. Einzigartige, heilende Kräfte für Körper und Seele! This diploma thesis describes the idea of designing a sustainable, ecological and economical hotel in Antalya. The climate in Antalya generally enters the Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot and dry, winters are rainy and stormy. Antalya is a tourist city, there are tons of hotels here, which are mainly for large families with children. This design is different from the „conventional“ hotel projects that already exist in Antalya. The aim of the design is to create a greenhouse and/or glasshouse hotel with all its sustainable benefits along the coast. In addition to the sustainable building structure of the eco hotel, many energy-saving measures are used. The focus here is on the use of natural building materials in monolithic construction, underground monolithic concrete cisterns for drinking water or water for other purposes to irrigate the inner garden and also a seawater solar system, which is intended to serve as additional drinking water. Building-integrated photovoltaic modules (BiPV) on the facade and on the roof of the atrium use solar energy and convert it into electricity to heat the shower water. A building that not only takes, but also gives! Against the monotony of everyday life, the eco-hotel is intended to promote varied and soothing relaxation. Thalasso and Kneipp therapy are used for therapeutic purposes. Thalasso is simply a healing treatment by and with the sea, but with everything that goes with it: water, algae, mud, wind, salt and fresh sea air, which is therefore free of pollutants and pollen. Unique, healing powers for body and soul!

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  • Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes metabolon IIb (EFRE-0500033) erstellt. Im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft war das Schließen großer Energie- und Stoffkreisläufe Gegenstand einer Vielzahl von Teilprojekten. Ziel war es, aus biogenen sowie abfallstämmigen Reststoffen entweder regenerative Energie zu gewinnen oder werthaltige Materialien in den anthropogenen Stoffkreislauf zurückzuführen. Die vorliegende Arbeit enstand bei der Bearbeitung der Fragestellung bezüglich der Bedeutung der hydrothermalen Karbonisierung (HTC) im Hinblick auf die zukünftige regenerative Energiebereitstellung. Das übergeordnete Ziel der Arbeit bestand darin, den HTC-Prozess in ganzheitliche Prozessketten zu integrieren und diese im Hinblick auf die energetische Verwertung unter Berücksichtigung der Treibhausgasemissionen (GWP) zu bewerten. Da es nur wenige HTC-Anlagen im industriellen Maßstab gibt und keine standardisierten Modellvorstellungen zur Abbildung des Prozesses existieren, wurde ein tragfähiges Reaktormodell auf Basis eines empirischen kinetischen Ansatzes für die HTC entwickelt. Das Reaktormodell wurde genutzt, um die Massen- und Energieverteilung auf die drei Produktphasen (fest, flüssig und gasförmig) zu berechnen und mit entsprechenden experimentellen Untersuchungen zu evaluieren. Ein potentielles Einsatzgebiet bietet die HTC von häuslichem Bioabfall und dessen Gärresten, die als Eingangsstoff in der Arbeit verwendet wurden. Die Prozessketten wurden im Anschluss anhand von Prozesswirkungsgraden beurteilt und mit konventionellen Prozessketten verglichen. Als konventionelle Prozessketten wurden die Verbrennung des Bioabfalls in einer Müllverbrennungsanlage („I“) und dessen Vergärung mit anschließender Kompostierung („AD+comp“) untersucht. Dabei wurden exergetische Nettowirkungsgrade von 13,7% für „I“ und 12,1% für „AD+comp“ erzielt. Durch die Integration einer HTC konnte der exergetische Wirkungsgrad im Vergleich zu der Verbrennung in einer Müllverbrennungsanlage um 70% und im Vergleich zu der konventionellen Vergärung um 93% gesteigert werden. Zusätzlich wurden mit Hilfe der Datensätze aus dem Gesamtmodell das GWP ermittelt. Das GWP lag in den Referenzfällen bei ∼500gCO2,Eq kW−1 h−1. Durch die Integration der HTC-Einheit konnten das GWP um bis zu 30% im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Behandlungspfaden reduziert werden. The thesis presented here was produced as part of a research project metabolon IIb (EFRE-0500033). In terms of the circular economy, the focus was on closing energy cycles and material circulations. The goal was either to generate regenerative energy or to return valuable materials back to the anthropogenic material cycle, with the focus on biogenic or waste residues as input material. The thesis arose while dealing with the question of the importance of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) regarding future regenerative energy supply. The overall goal of the thesis was then to integrate the HTC process into holistic process chains and to evaluate its energetic use considering the global warming potential (GWP). Due to the lack of HTC plants on an industrial scale and standardized model implementations, a feasible reactor model based on an empirical kinetic approach for HTC was developed. The model was used to calculate the mass and energy distribution in the three production phases (solid, liquid, and gaseous) and evaluated with experimental analyses. The HTC offers a potential application from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and its digestate, which were used as feedstock. In addition, the process chains were assessed based on their efficiencies and compared with conventional process chains. The representative conventional process chains in this case were the incineration of OFMSW in a waste incineration plant (“I“) and the treatment in an anaerobe digestion plant followed by composting (“AD+comp“). Here, the exergetic net efficiency was 13,7% for “I“ and 12,1% for “AD+comp“. The implementation of an HTC-process increased the exergetic efficiencies by 70% compared with “I“ and by 93% compared with “AD+comp“. The GWP was ∼500gCO2,Eq kW−1 h−1 in the reference cases. The integration of an HTC unit reduced the GWP by 30% compared to the conventional pathway.

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  • Authors: Boyd, Nicholas;

    Um Klimaneutralität im Jahr 2050 zu erreichen, ist eine vollständige Substitution der fossilen Energieträger durch erneuerbare Energie erforderlich. Der Einsatz von klimafreundlichen Technologien in der Elektrizitätserzeugung sowie in den Sektoren Verkehr, Industrie, Haushalt, Gewerbe und Landwirtschaft ist unbedingt notwendig.Zur Analyse der Umsetzbarkeit verschiedener Technologien zur Erreichung der Klimaziele hinsichtlich Energie- und Flächenbedarf sowie Kosten wurde in dieser Arbeit ein auf beliebige Regionen anwendbares Modell entwickelt. Der Fokus lag dabei am Straßenverkehrssektor, der in drei Zukunftsszenarien betrachtet wurde, um den zukünftigen Strombedarf verschiedener Bestandsentwicklungen im Verkehr zu berechnen. Des Weiteren wurde ein möglicher Weg zur vollständigen Umstellung der industriellen Energiebereitstellung sowie des Haushalts- und Gewerbesektors auf erneuerbare Energien untersucht, woraus der künftige Elektrizitätsbedarf in diesen Sektoren berechnet wurde. Durch die Überlagerung von sektorenspezifischen Lastprofilen konnte der Systemlastgang der betrachteten Region ermittelt werden. Aus der Berechnung des jährlichen Elektrizitätsbedarfs konnte der notwendige Ausbau an erneuerbaren Erzeugern mit den jeweiligen Einspeiseprofilen ermittelt werden. Eine anschließende Gegenüberstellung des gesamten Erzeugungsprofils und des Systemlastgangs der Verbraucher erlaubte eine Untersuchung der Residuallast und damit des lang- sowie kurzfristigen Flexibilitätsbedarfs (Speicherbedarf) des Stromnetzes. Die Anwendung der entwickelten Methodik erfolgte in dieser Arbeit am Beispiel von Österreich, EU, USA, China und Japan. Für Österreich ergibt sich auf Basis der Modellberechnungen in den untersuchten Szenarien ein jährlicher inländischer Gesamtstrombedarf von 114 TWh (Szenario „E-Fuel“), 127 TWh (Szenario „50:50“) und 143 TWh (Szenario „100% BEV“). Bei Betrachtung der untersuchten Ausbauszenarien ergibt sich je nach Mobilitätsszenario eine notwendige installierte Leistung regenerativer Stromerzeuger von 55 bis 83 GW. In der Berechnung des Flächenbedarfs für den Ausbau Erneuerbarer Erzeuger und die Stromspeicherung ergibt sich je nach Mobilitätsszenario eine zusätzlich benötigte Fläche in Österreich von zwischen 1.800 und 2.500 km2. Für die Erzeugung synthetischer Kraftstoffe für Österreich in Marokko wären in den Szenarien „50:50“ und „E-Fuel“ PV-Kapazitäten von 31 bzw. 55 GW und damit Flächen von 440 bzw. 770 km2 notwendig. Die Kosten für den inländischen Ausbau Erneuerbarer Energien, die Errichtung und den Betrieb des Speichers in Österreich und die Gestehungskosten synthetischer Kraftstoffe belaufen sich auf 9 („E-Fuel“), 7 („50:50“) und 4,5 („100% BEV“) Mrd. Euro pro Jahr im Zeitraum bis 2050 (exkl. Netzerweiterungskosten). To achieve climate neutrality in 2050, a complete substitution of fossil energy sources by renewable energy is required. The use of climate-friendly technologies in electricity generation as well as in the transport, industry, household, commercial and agricultural sectors is absolutely necessary.To analyze the feasibility of different technologies to achieve climate goals in terms of energy and land requirements and costs, a model applicable to any region was developed in this work. The focus was on the road transport sector, which was considered in three future scenarios in order to calculate the future electricity demand of different stock developments in transport. Furthermore, a possible pathway for the complete conversion of the industrial energy supply as well as the household and commercial sector to renewable energies was investigated, from which the future electricity demand in these sectors was calculated. By superimposing sector-specific load profiles, it was possible to determine the system load profile of the region under consideration. From the calculation of the annual electricity demand, the necessary expansion of renewable generators with the respective feed-in profiles could be determined. A subsequent comparison of the entire generation profile and the system load profile allowed an investigation of the residual load and thus the long-term and short-term flexibility requirements (storage requirements) of the power grid. The application of the developed methodology was carried out in this work using Austria, the EU, the USA, China and Japan as examples. Based on the model calculations, the total annual domestic electricity demand for Austria in the scenarios examined is 114 TWh (Scenario "E-fuel"), 127 TWh (Scenario "50:50") and 143 TWh (Scenario "100% BEV"). Considering the studied expansion scenarios, the required installed capacity of renewable electricity generators ranges from 55 to 83 GW, depending on the mobility scenario. In the calculation of the area required for the expansion of renewable generators and electricity storage, the additional area required in Austria is between 1,800 and 2,500 km2 , depending on the mobility scenario. To produce synthetic fuels for Austria in Morocco, an installed PV capacity of 31 and 55 GW and thus areas of 440 and 770 km2 would be required in the "50:50" and "E-Fuel" scenarios, respectively. The costs for the domestic expansion of renewable energies, the construction and operation of the storage facility in Austria and the production costs of synthetic fuels amount to 9 ("E-Fuel"), 7 ("50:50") and 4.5 ("100% BEV”) billion euros per year in the period up to 2050 (excluding grid expansion costs).

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  • Authors: Kodritsch, Philipp;

    Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Planung einer Wasserstoffproduktionsanlage, gekoppelt mit dem Mittelspannungsnetz zur Teilnahme am Regelenergiemarkt. In erster Linie werden wesentliche elektrische und verfahrenstechnische Betriebsmittel ermittelt.Das Industrienetz und das Schutzkonzept wird mit Hilfe elektrotechnischer Überlegungen auf Basis von in Österreich geltenden Richtlinien, Normen und Regelwerken für den Netzbetrieb entwickelt. Mit NEPLAN werden wesentliche Betriebsweisen simuliert und analysiert. Die Wasserstofferzeugung geschieht durch zwei unterschiedliche Verfahren: Erstens, durch den thermochemischen Prozess bestehend aus Biomassevergasung und Wasserdampfreformierung; zweitens, durch elektrische Elektrolyse von Strom aus der integrierten Photovoltaikanlage und negativer sekundärer Regelenergie aus dem Netz.Die gesamte Anlage ist auf eine Wasserstoffproduktion von 200 kg/h bemessen. Die elektrische Elektrolyse stellt ein Viertel davon und das thermochemische Verfahren den Rest. Herzstück der Anlage für die thermochemische Umwandlung ist der Wirbelschichtvergaser, welcher auf dem an der TU Wien entwickelten Fast Internal Circulating Fluidised Bed (FICFB) Vergasungsverfahren basiert. Die Elektrolyse wird durch die Photovoltaikanlage, die Überschussleistung aus dem Netz und dem Blockheizkraftwerk versorgt. Die Erzeugungsspitzen der Photovoltaikanlage und der zugewiesene Leistungsüberschuss am vorgelagerten Mittelspannungsnetz werden in einer Batterieanlage zwischengespeichert und bei niedriger Erzeugung in der Elektrolyseanlage zu Wasserstoff umgewandelt.Die Netzintegration der Anlage ins Mittelspannungsnetz geschieht durch das LINK-Modell, welches die Einbindung komplexer netzgekoppelter Betriebsfahrweisen einfacher gestaltet als derzeit angewendete Lösungen. Mit Hilfe von Lastflussberechnungen werden Betriebszustände analysiert und die Planung überprüft. Auf Basis der anschließenden Kurzschlussberechnung werden Lösungen für die Umsetzung der Schutztechnik vorgeschlagen.Als Abschluss werden wesentliche Fahrweisen der Gesamtanlage untersucht, welche in der Praxis je nach Einsatzzweck und den Rahmenbedingungen des Betreibers angewendet werden können. Der Autor wünscht sich, durch die erarbeiteten Planungs- und Analyseergebnisse einen hilfreichen Beitrag zum weiteren Ausbau der Wasserstofftechnologien und Abbau der fossilen Energieabhängigkeiten Österreichs sowie Europas geschaffen zu haben. This thesis deals with planning of a hydrogen production plant coupled to the medium-voltage grid to participate in the control energymarket. First and fore most, essential electrical and process engineering equipment is determined.The industrial network and the protection concept are developed with the help of electrical engineering considerations based on the guidelines, standards and regulations for network operation valid in Austria. NEPLAN is used to simulate the basic operating modes of the facility. Hydrogen is produced using two procedures: firstly, by the thermochemical process of biomass gasification and steam reforming;secondly, by the electrical electrolysis of electricity from the integrated photovoltaic system and negative secondary control energy from the grid.The electrical electrolysis process is designed to produce a quarter of the maximal hydrogen production of 200kg/h. The thermochemical process provides the rest. The centerpiece of the plant for the thermochemical conversion is the fluidized bed gasifier, which is based on the FICFB gasification process developed at the TU Vienna. The electrolysis draws the power from the photovoltaic system,the electricity surplus from the grid and the combined heat and powerplant. The generation peaks of the photovoltaic system and the allocated excess power on the upstream medium-voltage grid are temporarily stored in a battery system and converted to hydrogen at lower generation in the electrolysis plant.The grid integration of the system into the medium-voltage grid is carried out by the LINK model, which is much simpler compared to the current integration solutions. With the help of load flow calculations, operating states are analyzed and the planning checked. Based on the short-circuit calculations, suggestions for implementing the discussed protection technology are given.In conclusion, essential driving styles of the entire system are examined, which in practice depends on the intended use and the general conditions of the operator can be applied. Through the developed planning and analysis of the hydrogen production plant, the author wishes results to be helpful for the further expansion of hydrogen technologies and reduce created fossil energy dependencies in Austria and Europe.

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  • Authors: Sommer, Mario;

    “Continuing the existing” is a quite topical notion in the discourse on sustainability in architecture. Decisions are often made too casually and existing buildings have to give way in favour of new ones. The underlying reasons are mostly based on economic considerations. However, when viewed from an ecological or cultural perspective, this treatment of the existing cannot be justified. Especially in rural areas, vacancies are accumulating and new concepts and uses are developing rather slowly. This work does not focus on the spatial planning solutions concerning this problem, but rather on the intervention and the building itself. It is therefore necessary to show that a good design for a conversion is in no way inferior to a new building. On the contrary, “Building in the existing fabric” offers a repertoire of elements that architects hardly have at their disposal for new designs. Thus, the existing building, through its given parameters, allows spaces and atmospheres to emerge that for a new building would be rather difficult to design. This unique atmospheric potential, which is given by the history of the buildings, is further enhanced through the simultaneity of old and new. To ensure this, this work aims to systematically search for the best possible intervention. „Weiterbauen“ lautet ein sehr aktueller Begriff im Diskurs um Nachhaltigkeit in der Architektur. Zu einfach werden Entscheidungen gefällt und Bestand muss einem Neubau weichen. Die Gründe dafür sind meist wirtschaftlicher Natur. Wird es allerdings von einer ökologischen oder kulturellen Perspektive betrachtet, ist dieser Umgang mit dem Bestehenden nicht zu rechtfertigen. Vor allem im ruralen Raum häufen sich leerstehende Gebäude an und neue Konzepte und Nutzungen sind sehr tr.ge in der Entwicklung.In dieser Arbeit liegt der Fokus nicht auf den raumplanerischen Ansätzen zur Lösung dieser Problematik, vielmehr richtet sich der Fokus auf den Eingriff und das Gebäude an sich. Es gilt aufzuzeigen, dass ein guter Entwurf für einen Umbau, einem Neubau um nichts nachsteht. Im Gegenteil, das „Bauen im Bestand“ bietet Architekt:innen ein Repertoire, das ihnen selbst kaum möglich ist, abzurufen. So lässt das Bestehende, durch die gegebenen Parameter, Räume und Atmosphären entstehen, welche in einem Neubau nur sehr schwer zu erzeugen sind. Dieses einzigartige atmosphärische Potenzial, welchesdurch die Historie der Gebäude gegeben ist, wird durch das Aufeinandertreffen von Alt auf Neu verstärkt. Dafür wird systematisch nach dem „richtigen“ Eingriff gesucht.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Gabriëls, René; Nauta, Wiebe;

    Against the backdrop of the irreversible and systematic destruction of ecosystems, necessary for the survival and quality of life of people and non-human species, caused by human agency and socio-economic structures, we explore the opportunities and challenges to resist ecocide in relation to socio-economic inequality and the crisis of democracy. To this end, first section focuses on the diagnosis of ecocide. We show that due to three fallacies the connection between ecocide, socio-economic inequality and the crisis of democracy is not sufficiently accentuated. In the second section, several contemporary political measures to deal with ecocide are critically examined. We will argue that Agenda 2030, the Sustainable Development Goals, is part of the problem as it falsely assumes the compatibility of sustainability and economic growth. Finally, in the third section, the opportunities and challenges of resistance to ecocide are discussed with an emphasis on the power asymmetries between the Global North (GN) and the GS.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Maastricht Universit...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Maastricht Universit...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jörg Blankenbach; Jan Echterhoff; Johannes Pinnekamp;

    Urban drainage infrastructure has to adapt to challenges such as climate change, but also to trends such as population and settlement development. At the same time, the opportunities offered by digitization can be used to meet these challenges. In this thesis, therefore, two geoinformation-based models are developed, which use the advancing digitization to contribute to the adaptation of urban drainage to demographic and climate change. An important aspect of municipal flood protection are nature-oriented measures for the rainwater management as part of water-sensitive urban development. According to the recognized rules of technology, the overriding goal of rainwater management is to approximate the natural water balance. The estimate of this target value is difficult to determine. The potential offered by decentralized rainwater management measures to achieve or approach this target as well. One geoinformation-based model pursues these two goals. The first goal is the estimation of the water balance deficit. The second goal is a limitation of the potential measures for the best compensation of this deficit. For this purpose, structural, geological and hydrogeological restrictions are taken into account. The model works exclusively with geo-referenced data and thus offers direct localization of the results. Furthermore, the model combines the approach of the empirically determined water balance distribution functions of the DWA-A 102 and a GIS-based calculation. The advantages of this combination are the scaling of a selectable study area and the on the fly consideration of restrictions for the measures of decentralized rainwater management. The second geoinformation-based model is an artificial neural network (ANN) for calculating flood areas caused by heavy rain. The trained ANN is suitable for known areas, works in real time and substitute a conventional hydrodynamic model. Therefore, a supervised learning multi-layer feed-forward ANN was set up and trained. After that, it was then examined and assessed for its suitability. For the substitution of a hydrodynamic numerical model for calculation of flooding risks (flood areas or surface runoff) by an ANN, the ANN must 'learn' the hydrological processes of the conventional model. For this learning process, the ANN requires input values that essentially determine the hydrological processes (e.g. precipitation, digital elevation model, type of sealing, barriers and culverts, etc.). Moreover, the AAN requires target values. For the ANN, the target values are areas with a certain height water level caused by a precipitation event (flood areas with flood level). These target values were first calculated using a hydrodynamic numerical model.The developed model shows that ANNs are more suitable than conventional hydrodynamic numerical models for certain applications due to their computing speed. Even if the generalizability of the trained ANN to other model areas could not be successfully demonstrated, the ANN however was able to predict good results for a sufficiently known range of values.The biggest advantage of the ANN is the low computing time for predicting flood areas. In contrast to hydrodynamic numerical models, the ANN predicts flood areas with sufficient accuracy in a few seconds. The application possibilities of the developed model thus specialize in cases in which these strengths are indispensable. One indispensability is the prediction of flood area caused by spontaneously and spatially limited heavy rain. This indispensability is also a demand of the municipal flood protection. Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2021; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2021). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2021 Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publikationsserver d...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
    Doctoral thesis . 2021
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publikationsserver d...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
      Doctoral thesis . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
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