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The green open space is one of an effort in order to handling of the increasing the greenhouse gas emission, because green open space has an ability to absorbing the CO2 emission. The purpose of this research is to find out the potential of absorption capacity of CO2 by the public's green open space and to analyze the level of absorption of CO2 by green open space from transportation activity. The method in this research is calculate the value of CO2 emissions and counting the trees which has diameters more than 20 centimeter. The sufficiency of green open space was analyze and then compared the absorbing power of CO2 by trees with number of CO2 emissions that produced. Tampan district is produced the CO2 emissions from transportation which is high enough as much as 2.102.614.367 kilograms CO2/year. While the ability of CO2 absorption by the public's green open space in Tampan district only 7.979.245,86 kilograms CO2/year. The result of analysis show that the public's green open space in Tampan district that viewed from absorbing CO2 emissions of transportation is still not enough with percentage is only about 0,38%.

The green open space is one of an effort in order to handling of the increasing the greenhouse gas emission, because green open space has an ability to absorbing the CO2 emission. The purpose of this research is to find out the potential of absorption capacity of CO2 by the public's green open space and to analyze the level of absorption of CO2 by green open space from transportation activity. The method in this research is calculate the value of CO2 emissions and counting the trees which has diameters more than 20 centimeter. The sufficiency of green open space was analyze and then compared the absorbing power of CO2 by trees with number of CO2 emissions that produced. Tampan district is produced the CO2 emissions from transportation which is high enough as much as 2.102.614.367 kilograms CO2/year. While the ability of CO2 absorption by the public's green open space in Tampan district only 7.979.245,86 kilograms CO2/year. The result of analysis show that the public's green open space in Tampan district that viewed from absorbing CO2 emissions of transportation is still not enough with percentage is only about 0,38%.

A new design of solar drying plant with the active solar energy system is developed. It is proposed to use the K1-102 automated control system to diagnose the key parameters of air exchange in the solar dryer and to predict the intensity of heat exchange processes of oak veneer drying. This allows increasing the technological and power efficiency of the process of oak veneer drying in the solar dryer 2 times.The regularities of the influence of the physical parameters of the environment and weather-dependent factors on the heat, mass, and moisture exchange processes of oak veneer drying in the solar dryer are determined. Estimation of energy, kinetic and dynamic parameters of the oak veneer drying process is given. The duration of the drying process in the solar dryer is experimentally determined. Performance characteristics of the drying object are investigated, depending on the set technological tasks (heating or drying) under standard insolation and meteorological conditions.It is found that it is necessary to regulate air exchange, moisture release, rational moist coolant removal, solar energy flow in relation to the predicted changes in the minimum and maximum variation peaks of weather-dependent factors. This is important for intensifying the oak veneer drying processes and reducing the specific power consumption of the drying process due to solar energy.The obtained results can be used in the development and improvement of technical means of oak veneer drying, to improve the technological and power efficiency of the process

A new design of solar drying plant with the active solar energy system is developed. It is proposed to use the K1-102 automated control system to diagnose the key parameters of air exchange in the solar dryer and to predict the intensity of heat exchange processes of oak veneer drying. This allows increasing the technological and power efficiency of the process of oak veneer drying in the solar dryer 2 times.The regularities of the influence of the physical parameters of the environment and weather-dependent factors on the heat, mass, and moisture exchange processes of oak veneer drying in the solar dryer are determined. Estimation of energy, kinetic and dynamic parameters of the oak veneer drying process is given. The duration of the drying process in the solar dryer is experimentally determined. Performance characteristics of the drying object are investigated, depending on the set technological tasks (heating or drying) under standard insolation and meteorological conditions.It is found that it is necessary to regulate air exchange, moisture release, rational moist coolant removal, solar energy flow in relation to the predicted changes in the minimum and maximum variation peaks of weather-dependent factors. This is important for intensifying the oak veneer drying processes and reducing the specific power consumption of the drying process due to solar energy.The obtained results can be used in the development and improvement of technical means of oak veneer drying, to improve the technological and power efficiency of the process

120405095 Penelitian tentang pembuatan biogas dari sampah organik dan kotoran sapi terhadap pengaruh penambahan trace metal (nikel, cobalt) telah selesai dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan trace metal (nikel, cobalt) terhadap kinerja digester anaerobik dalam perolehan biogas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencampurkan sampah organik dan kotoran sapi yang diblender menggunakan air dengan perbandingan 1:1:2 (w:w:v) dan dioperasikan di dalam digester berukuran 5L dengan volume isian sebesar 4L secara batch selama 30 hari dengan kondisi pH dijaga konstan 6,5-7,5 pada suhu ruangan 25-30 oC. Variasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penambahan nikel sebanyak 0,245 mg/L, penambahan cobalt sebanyak 0,245 mg/L dan kombinasi nikel dan cobalt masing-masing 0,25 mg/L. Adapun parameter yang diamati setiap hari yaitu volume biogas dan suhu, parameter yang dianalisa sekali dalam dua hari yaitu chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, volatile suspended solid dan pH. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh volume biogas terbesar dengan penambahan cobalt sebesar 85 ml/hari, % reduksi COD sebesar 46,48% , % reduksi TSS sebesar 88,78% dan VSS sebesar 16.540 mg/L. The research on biogas production from organic waste and manure to the effect of trace metal (nickel, cobalt) has been done. The objective of this study was to discover the effect of trace metals nickel, cobalt on the performance of biogas anaerobic digester in the acquisition of the raw material organic waste and cow dung. Organic waste and cow dung were blended using water at a ratio of 1:1:2 (w:w:v) and operated in the digester sized 5L with stuffing volume of 4L as batch for 30 days with conditions held constant of pH 6.5-7, 5. This research was conducted with a variety of trace addition of nickel metal as much as 0.245 mg/L, the addition of trace metal cobalt as much as 0.245 mg/L and the combination of nickel and cobalt respectively 0.25 mg/L. As for some of the parameters was observed every day, such as biogas volume and temperature, the parameters are analyzed every 2 days of fermentation such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS) and pH. In the study conducted acquired the largest biogas volumes per day with the addition of trace metal cobalt amount of 85 ml, percentage of COD removal by 46,48%, TSS remove percentage obtained was 88,78% and volatile suspended solid as much as 16.540 mg/L.

120405095 Penelitian tentang pembuatan biogas dari sampah organik dan kotoran sapi terhadap pengaruh penambahan trace metal (nikel, cobalt) telah selesai dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan trace metal (nikel, cobalt) terhadap kinerja digester anaerobik dalam perolehan biogas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencampurkan sampah organik dan kotoran sapi yang diblender menggunakan air dengan perbandingan 1:1:2 (w:w:v) dan dioperasikan di dalam digester berukuran 5L dengan volume isian sebesar 4L secara batch selama 30 hari dengan kondisi pH dijaga konstan 6,5-7,5 pada suhu ruangan 25-30 oC. Variasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penambahan nikel sebanyak 0,245 mg/L, penambahan cobalt sebanyak 0,245 mg/L dan kombinasi nikel dan cobalt masing-masing 0,25 mg/L. Adapun parameter yang diamati setiap hari yaitu volume biogas dan suhu, parameter yang dianalisa sekali dalam dua hari yaitu chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, volatile suspended solid dan pH. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh volume biogas terbesar dengan penambahan cobalt sebesar 85 ml/hari, % reduksi COD sebesar 46,48% , % reduksi TSS sebesar 88,78% dan VSS sebesar 16.540 mg/L. The research on biogas production from organic waste and manure to the effect of trace metal (nickel, cobalt) has been done. The objective of this study was to discover the effect of trace metals nickel, cobalt on the performance of biogas anaerobic digester in the acquisition of the raw material organic waste and cow dung. Organic waste and cow dung were blended using water at a ratio of 1:1:2 (w:w:v) and operated in the digester sized 5L with stuffing volume of 4L as batch for 30 days with conditions held constant of pH 6.5-7, 5. This research was conducted with a variety of trace addition of nickel metal as much as 0.245 mg/L, the addition of trace metal cobalt as much as 0.245 mg/L and the combination of nickel and cobalt respectively 0.25 mg/L. As for some of the parameters was observed every day, such as biogas volume and temperature, the parameters are analyzed every 2 days of fermentation such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS) and pH. In the study conducted acquired the largest biogas volumes per day with the addition of trace metal cobalt amount of 85 ml, percentage of COD removal by 46,48%, TSS remove percentage obtained was 88,78% and volatile suspended solid as much as 16.540 mg/L.

We propose a procedure for calculating geometrical parameters of a flat mirror concentrator of solar energy. The procedure describes construction of the path of rays between the mirror and the collector in the form of a system of degree coordinates α. We obtained analytical dependences for the course of illumination of air collector by the sum of direct and reflected flows Еβ(τ) and a flow gain coefficient k. This makes it possible to estimate efficiency of a flat mirror concentrator for different azimuthal angles of orientation of parameters of the horizontal receiving surface of air collector S and the system of degree coordinates α.The rational values for a dihedral angle (focline) α between the mirror and the collector are established, which are 90...120º. It was found that a gain coefficient of the flow of solar energy k is implemented with the least expenditures from 1.8 to 1.2.We report results of experimental research into energy characteristics of work of the mirror concentrator in a combination with an air collector. It was established the application of a mirror concentrator in the solar dryer makes it possible, in the morning and in the evening, to improve annual average capacity of incoming solar radiation on the receiving surface of air collector by an order of 3.41 kW/m2 during daylight. This enables receiving, amplifying, and directing to the absorber of AC from 1.5 to 2.3 kW·h of energy per day from 1 m2 of FMC.The results obtained could be used for design and improvement of technical means of drying, in order to enhance technological and energy efficiency of the process.

We propose a procedure for calculating geometrical parameters of a flat mirror concentrator of solar energy. The procedure describes construction of the path of rays between the mirror and the collector in the form of a system of degree coordinates α. We obtained analytical dependences for the course of illumination of air collector by the sum of direct and reflected flows Еβ(τ) and a flow gain coefficient k. This makes it possible to estimate efficiency of a flat mirror concentrator for different azimuthal angles of orientation of parameters of the horizontal receiving surface of air collector S and the system of degree coordinates α.The rational values for a dihedral angle (focline) α between the mirror and the collector are established, which are 90...120º. It was found that a gain coefficient of the flow of solar energy k is implemented with the least expenditures from 1.8 to 1.2.We report results of experimental research into energy characteristics of work of the mirror concentrator in a combination with an air collector. It was established the application of a mirror concentrator in the solar dryer makes it possible, in the morning and in the evening, to improve annual average capacity of incoming solar radiation on the receiving surface of air collector by an order of 3.41 kW/m2 during daylight. This enables receiving, amplifying, and directing to the absorber of AC from 1.5 to 2.3 kW·h of energy per day from 1 m2 of FMC.The results obtained could be used for design and improvement of technical means of drying, in order to enhance technological and energy efficiency of the process.

The work deals with the study of processes of heat exchange on a working face of a well when drilling with diamond drilling bits. The urgency of the problem stems from the development of new drilling technologies, where a flushing liquid is supplied in a pulse mode. The aim of the study is the justification of the settings of impulse flushing to enable energy-efficient resource-saving drilling mode. By such modes we understand those with the contact temperature not exceeding 600°C at the specified parameters of drilling.Experimental study and computer simulation of the processes of heating of drill bits with different modes of flushing were carried out. The task of joint impact of pulse flushing parameters (intervals and pauses) and mode parameters of drilling (flushing fluid consumption and downhole power) on the contact temperature on the working face was solved. On the basis of the obtained data, we designed a nomogram that allows determining the rational values of pause intervals and flushing fluid supply, level of downhole power, flushing fluid consumption, with which energy and resources efficient drilling mode is provided. Thus, the results of this work can be used to control the thermophysical processes on the working face and to select energy-efficient drilling modes.

The work deals with the study of processes of heat exchange on a working face of a well when drilling with diamond drilling bits. The urgency of the problem stems from the development of new drilling technologies, where a flushing liquid is supplied in a pulse mode. The aim of the study is the justification of the settings of impulse flushing to enable energy-efficient resource-saving drilling mode. By such modes we understand those with the contact temperature not exceeding 600°C at the specified parameters of drilling.Experimental study and computer simulation of the processes of heating of drill bits with different modes of flushing were carried out. The task of joint impact of pulse flushing parameters (intervals and pauses) and mode parameters of drilling (flushing fluid consumption and downhole power) on the contact temperature on the working face was solved. On the basis of the obtained data, we designed a nomogram that allows determining the rational values of pause intervals and flushing fluid supply, level of downhole power, flushing fluid consumption, with which energy and resources efficient drilling mode is provided. Thus, the results of this work can be used to control the thermophysical processes on the working face and to select energy-efficient drilling modes.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the conversion programfrom kerosene to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) on a target group in Gili Raja island of SumenepMunicipal, East Java. Previous study on this program was quite formative one and focusing on the efficiency and the effectiveness of the program implementation. In addition, by applying Minimum Evaluation Procedure's (MEP) method, this research questioned the implementation of the program consecutively from the output, the outcome as well as the impact. Furthermore, through a qualitative approach, this research will be able to describe context and setting naturally. Result of the research shows that there is illegal fees (levies) in the process of distributing the program package, also the limited access or the low utilization of the program package, as well as the non-existing evidence of the program's impact. Furthermore, it is found a local potential in the form of renewable energy that is generated from livestock's feces. Hence, it is recommended to establish a program, asymmetrically, in accordance with the local condition and the target group that ensures the occurrence of an intensive communication amongst program implementer, target group, and other stakeholders. Moreover, based on the potency of the target group of Gili Raja, an alternative policy on renewable energy should be developed in order to fulfill the need of energy for Gili Raja's people, as well as to support the achievement of the National energy policy. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi program konversi minyak tanah ke Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) pada kelompok sasaran di pulau Gili Raja kabupaten Sumenep Jawa Timur. Kajian sebelumnya terhadap program ini masih bersifat formatif dengan fokus efisiensi dan efektivitas implementasi. Dengan menggunakan metode Minimum Evaluation Procedure (MEP) penelitian ini mempertanyakan implementasi program secara runtut, mulai output, outcome sampai impact. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif penelitian ini dapat mendeskripsikan konteks dan setting secara alamiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pungutan dalam proses distribusi paket program, rendahnya akses atau penggunaan paket program serta tidak adanya dampak program. Selain itu, ditemukan adanya potensi lokal berupa kotoran ternak yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi sumber daya energi terbarukan. Berdasarkan hal itu, disarankan sebuah program dapat dikembangkan secara asimetris sesuai dengan kondisi lokasi dan kelompok sasaran, terjadinya komunikasi intensif antara pelaksana program dengan kelompok sasaran serta stakeholders lainnya. Berdasarkan potensi kelompok sasaran di pulau Gili Raja, hendaknya dikembangkan kebijakan energi alternatif biogas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi masyarakat serta mendukung pencapaian tujuan kebijakan energi nasional.