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  • Energy Research
  • 2021-2025
  • 7. Clean energy
  • Portuguese

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sousa, Afonso Marques de;

    Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia O conforto térmico é algo cada vez mais valorizado pelo ser humano, sendo fundamental para a sua produtividade e o seu bem-estar. Porém, assegurar condições de conforto térmico tem consequências energéticas, económicas e ambientais. Os órgãos de governo da União Europeia consideram que o aumento da eficiência energética dos edifícios é algo de extrema importância, devido a estes serem grandes consumidores de energia. Logo, um método eficaz de reduzir custos energéticos e económicos e impactos ambientais passa por tornar os edifícios muito eficientes energeticamente. A eficiência energética de um edifício está diretamente relacionada com a qualidade das suas soluções construtivas. Uma forma de melhorar as características das soluções construtivas é o uso de isolamento térmico, de modo a diminuir as trocas de calor entre o exterior e o interior de um edifício. O presente estudo tinha como objetivo a realização de uma análise económica, energética e ambiental da aplicação do isolamento térmico aos edifícios do continente europeu. Esta análise permitiu compreender a influência da aplicação de isolamento térmico na eficiência energética dos edifícios e assim perceber a influência desta medida nos custos energéticos, económicos e ambientais do ciclo de vida completo dos edifícios localizados no continente europeu. Adicionalmente, fez-se uma verificação de qual o material isolante térmico mais adequado. A análise foi efetuada segundo as perspetivas económica, energética e ambiental. Os custos do conforto térmico dependem da tipologia de uso do edifício e do tipo de clima. Assim, de forma a representar as tipologias do edificado europeu foram selecionados seis edifícios diferentes, sendo estes: um apartamento e uma moradia (edifícios residenciais), uma clínica (edifício de serviços com funcionamento permanente), uma escola e uma agência bancária (edifícios de serviços com funcionamento intermitente) e um supermercado (edifício de comércio com funcionamento intermitente. Para representar o clima do continente europeu foram selecionadas 5 localizações, em função do número de graus-dia de aquecimento e de arrefecimento, envolvendo assim 5 tipos de clima: Málaga (quente), Lisboa (moderado), Valladolid (frio), Varsóvia (muito frio), Reykjavik (extremamente frio). Recorreu-se à folha de cálculo CalProTerm para a obtenção das propriedades termofísicas das soluções construtivas opacas e ao software SEnergEd para a realização da simulação do comportamento energético, económico e ambiental do ciclo de vida dos edifícios. A versão do software SEnergEd disponibilizada não realizava a análise ambiental do ciclo de vida do edifício, pelo que foi necessário proceder à implementação desta vertente, munindo este software com os algoritmos necessários à realização do cálculo de impactos ambientais.Os resultados obtidos mostram, em termos muito genéricos, que a aplicação de isolamento térmico à envolvente opaca dos edifícios do continente europeu é mais benéfica em termos energéticos e em termos ambientais do que sob a perspetiva económica. Adicionalmente, a espessura ótima de isolamento térmico depende da tipologia de edifício, do tipo de clima e da perspetiva com que foi efetuada a análise (energética, ambiental ou económica). Thermal comfort is something increasingly valued by the human being, being fundamental for their productivity and well-being. However, ensuring thermal comfort conditions has energy, economic and environmental consequences. The Governing Bodies of the European Union consider that increasing the energy efficiency of buildings is extremely important, especially due to being one of the major energy consumers. Therefore, an effective method of reducing energy and economic costs and environmental impacts is to make buildings very energy efficient. The energy efficiency of a building is directly related to the quality of its constructive solutions. One way to improve the characteristics of constructive solutions is the use of thermal insulation, so as to decrease heat exchanges between the outside and the interior of a building.The present study aimed to carry out an economic, energy and environmental analysis of the application of thermal insulation to buildings on the European continent. This analysis made it possible to understand the influence of the application of thermal insulation on the energy efficiency of buildings and thus to understand the influence of this measure on the energy, economic and environmental costs of the complete life cycle of buildings located on the European continent. Additionally, a verification was made of which is the most suitable thermal insulating material. The analysis was carried out according to the economic, energy and environmental perspectives. Thermal comfort costs depend on the type of use of the building and the type of climate. Thus, to represent the typologies of European buildings, six different buildings were selected, namely: an apartment and a house (residential buildings), a clinic (service building with permanent operation), a school and a bank branch (buildings of services with intermittent operation) and a supermarket (commercial building with intermittent operation. To represent the climate of the European continent, 5 locations were selected, depending on the number of degree-days of heating and cooling, thus involving 5 types of climate: Malaga (hot), Lisbon (moderate), Valladolid (cold), Warsaw (very cold), Reykjavik (extremely cold).The CalProTerm spreadsheet was used to obtain the thermophysical properties of the opaque constructive solutions, the SEnergEd software was used to simulate the energy, economic and environmental behavior of the buildings' life cycle. The version of the SEnergEd software initially available did not carry out the environmental analysis of the building's life cycle, therefore it was necessary to implement this aspect, providing this software with the algorithms necessary to carry out the calculation of environmental impacts.The results obtained showed, in very general terms, that the application of thermal insulation to the opaque envelope of buildings on the European continent is more beneficial in energy and environmental terms than from an economic perspective. Additionally, the optimal thickness of thermal insulation depends on the type of building, the type of climate and the perspective from which the analysis was carried out (energy, environmental or economic).

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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2022
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    Authors: Flambó, Tiago Miguel Albano;

    O desenvolvimento sustentável, como conceito fulcral para a sobrevivência do nosso planeta, engloba um conjunto de fatores dos quais a energia constitui uma parte vital. Esta ideia aparece inclusivamente vertida em diversos Objetivos do Desenvolvimentos Sustentável (ODS), tais como os Objetivos N.º 9, 11, 12 e 13. Os edifícios representam cerca de 50% do fenómeno de poluição ambiental, fruto do consumo energético inerente à sua utilização, que ascende a 41% de toda a energia primária produzida. Estes dados podem ser explicados pelo aumento da população mundial, a pouca reabilitação de edifícios a nível global e o exponencial aumento do consumo energético para suprir necessidades de aquecimento e arrefecimento de edifícios. Neste âmbito, considerou-se importante verificar a viabilidade de novas soluções que permitam criar estabilidade térmica dentro dos edifícios, como é o caso da aplicação de Materiais de Mudança de Fase (Phase Change Materials – PCM) em soluções construtivas. Os PCM apresentam uma comprovada capacidade de armazenamento térmico em comparação com as soluções tradicionais. Contudo, uma das grandes vantagens destes materiais reside na não necessidade de armazenamento de energia elétrica, mas sim o armazenamento da energia térmica do ambiente envolvente. A modelação da aplicação dos materiais num edifício-tipo e num edifício real, permitiu obter diferenças nas temperaturas de pico interiores de até 1 °C, bem como uma redução global de consumos energéticos entre 12% e 23%, para a espessura mínima dos PCM comerciais analisados. A introdução dos PCM permitiu, de igual forma, a redução da amplitude térmica interior, observando-se reduções até 83%. A adoção deste tipo de soluções leva a que seja possível obter reduções de emissões entre os 3,3% e os 33%, no edifício de mais baixa eficiência energética e entre os 2% e os 8%, para o caso de um edifício de maior eficiência energética. O período de retorno do investimento nestes materiais mostrou-se elevando, sendo um desafio ao vetor social da sustentabilidade. Sustainable development, as a key concept for the survival of our planet, includes a set of factors of which energy is a vital part. This idea also appears in several Sustainable Development Objectives (SDO), such as Objectives Nos. 9, 11, 12 and 13. Buildings represent about 50% of the environmental pollution phenomenon, resulting from the energy consumption inherent to its use, which amounts to 41% of all primary energy produced. This can be explained by the increase of the world population, the limited rehabilitation of buildings worldwide and the exponential increase in energy consumption, to meet heating and cooling needs of buildings. In this context it will be important to verify the viability of new solutions that allow thermal stability in buildings, such as the application of Phase Change Materials (PCM) in constructive solutions. PCM have proven thermal storage capacity compared to traditional coating solutions. However, one of the great advantages of these materials lies in the fact that they do not need to store electrical energy, but the storage of thermal energy from the surrounding environment. The application of the materials, in a simulated context, in a model building and in a real building, allowed to obtain differences in interior peak temperatures of up to 1 °C, as well as an overall reduction in energy consumption between 12% and 23%, for the minimum commercial thickness of the PCM used. The introduction of PCM also made it possible to reduce the interior temperature range, with reductions of up to 83% observed. About the environmental sustainability themes, the adoption of this type of solution led to emission reductions between 3.3% and 33%, in the low-efficiency building, and between 2% and 8%, for the most efficient building. The payback period for the investment in these materials need to be increased, representing a challenge to the social vector of sustainability.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório Aberto d...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Cardoso, André Filipe Silva;

    No município do Seixal, pretende-se estudar a implementação de um projeto para a produção de hidrogénio verde. Este projeto nasceu pela necessidade de responder às metas da descarbonização em Portugal, como sendo uma forte ferramenta para alcançarmos a desejada neutralidade carbónica. O projeto piloto tem como base a obtenção de hidrogénio verde para descarbonizar setores e eletrificar os mesmos de uma maneira “verde”. Neste âmbito, o município do Seixal está empenhado na criação de uma comunidade de energias renováveis para fornecimento de energia ao parque industrial do Seixal e dessa mesma energia verde, fazer uso por meio de um sistema eletrolisador para a obtenção de hidrogénio verde para várias finalidades. Desta forma, no presente projeto, após uma parte teórica acerca dos métodos de obtenção de hidrogénio, modos de utilização do mesmo, e contextualização do hidrogénio em Portugal, é proposto um estudo para aferir a forma mais rentável de utilização do hidrogénio resultante desse projeto piloto do município. Serão apresentados diferentes cenários, tais como a utilização do hidrogénio em três cadeias de valor, sendo estas power-to-mobility, power-to-gas e power-to-power e ainda dois contextos onde a energia utilizada na produção de hidrogénio tem proveniências distintas, um sistema fotovoltaico privado e outro comunitário. Todos os cenários apresentados por meio de uma análise financeira, resultam em valores que na atualidade permitem ser minimamente aceitáveis sem recurso a quaisquer incentivos monetários. No futuro, com o amadurecimento das tecnologias poderá ser possível obter resultados mais favoráveis, na medida em que os períodos de retorno do investimento nos vários cenários será inferior, conseguindo-se assim uma introdução do hidrogénio mais acessível nos vários setores económicos e uma economia cada vez mais neutra em carbono, indo de encontro às perspetivas europeias. This project was born from the necessity of achieving the decarbonization targets set in Portugal in order to reach the so desired carbon neutrality and as so, it is going to be investigated the implementation of a green hydrogen production project under Seixal’s municipality. The pilot project basis is established in the obtention of green hydrogen in order to decarbonize sectors and start the process of electrification in a green way. Additionally Seixal’s municipality is invested in the creation of a renewable energies community mainly focused to supply its own industrial complex, and use that same green energy through an electrolyser system in order to obtain green hydrogen for multiple purposes. Firstly, this project will introduce the process of hydrogen obtention, utilization and contextualization in Portugal, followed by a study to assess the best way, rate of return wise, to use the hydrogen sourced from the municipality’s pilot project. Several scenarios will be presented, such as the use of hydrogen in three chain values: power-to-mobility, power-to-gas and power-to-power. There are also two additional contexts where the energy used in the hydrogen production came from two distinct sources: a private photovoltaic system and a communitary one. All of the scenarios are presented through a financial analysis that result in actual minimal acceptable values with no financial incentives needed. However, futuristically, and technologically speaking, given the technological improvement on the equipment used, it is possible to obtain favourable results in such a way that the payback period on every scenario will be lower, hence making it an accessible insertion of hydrogen energy for all the economic sectors involved, contributing overall towards a more carbon neutral economy and therefore meeting the European set targets.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório Comumarrow_drop_down
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    Repositório Comum
    Master thesis . 2022
    Data sources: Repositório Comum
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório Comumarrow_drop_down
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      Repositório Comum
      Master thesis . 2022
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    Authors: Serra, Ricardo João Matos;

    Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia The evolution of society, its demographic growth, and its technological and economic development made electricity an essential good, causing the consumption of electricity to increase over the years, to guarantee these supply fossil fuels were used in its production an unsustainable option that has generated high levels of pollution and a climate crisis. To address these problems, the European Union established the European Directive 2018/2001. This directive allows renewable energy self-consumers to produce, consume, share, store and sell electricity, promoting various sustainable behaviors such as reducing energy bills, reducing CO2 emissions, combating energy poverty, and reducing the cost of energy—initial investment. This dissertation aims to develop different methodologies for defining the sharing coefficients of energy produced in a CER and to establish comparisons of their performance in the CER. The CER used as a case study in this dissertation is composed of two schools in Coimbra and the DEEC building. In a preliminary analysis of the consumption of each building, several simulations were carried out to find out which would be the best location of production in the CER, having that choice fell on school 1. Five methods were developed to define the coefficients of sharing the surplus energy produced by the CER by its members. In key 1, fixed coefficient, a fixed percentage of energy sharing is assigned, in key 2 the sharing coefficients are proportional to the consumption of each user, that is, members who have higher consumption receive a greater percentage of energy. Keys 3, 4, and 5 all have the same energy sharing philosophy, they follow a list of priorities, with energy sharing being done by serving the highest priorities until they run out of energy or all members of the list see their consumption needs. satisfied. According to the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the best key or the most beneficial key for this particular CER would be key 3, as it generates less unused surplus energy and still has good equity, that is, it is energy effectively used annually by CER members, one member, in this case, uses 58% and another 42%.In short, to choose the distribution key that optimizes the sharing of surplus energy in a community, we must consider the community, since each key has its advantages and disadvantages, and its use varies according to the CER. A evolução da sociedade, o seu crescimento demográfico e o seu desenvolvimento tecnológico e económico, tornou a eletricidade um bem essencial, fazendo com que o consumo de energia elétrica aumentasse ao longo dos anos, para garantir esta oferta foram utilizados combustíveis fósseis na sua produção, uma opção não sustentável que gerou elevados níveis de poluição e uma crise climática. Para colmatar esses problemas a União Europeia estabeleceu a Diretiva Europeia 2018/2001. Essa diretiva permite aos autoconsumidores de energia renovável produzir, consumir, partilhar, armazenar e vender eletricidade, promovendo diversos comportamentos sustentáveis como redução na fatura energética, a redução das emissões de CO2, combate à pobreza energética e consequentemente a redução no custo do investimento inicial. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver diversas metodologias de definição dos coeficientes de partilha de energia produzida numa CER e estabelecer comparações do seu desempenho na CER. A CER usada como estudo de caso nesta dissertação é composta por dois estabelecimentos escolares de Coimbra e pelo edifício do DEEC. Numa análise preliminar dos consumos de cada edifício, realizou-se várias simulações para descobrir qual seria a melhor localização da produção na CER, tendo essa escolha recaído na escola 1. Foram desenvolvidos cinco métodos para definição dos coeficientes de partilha da energia excedentária produzida pela CER pelos membros da mesma. Na chave 1, coeficiente fixo, é atribuída uma percentagem fixa de partilha de energia, na chave 2 os coeficientes de partilha são proporcionais ao consumo de cada utilizador, ou seja, membros que tenham maior consumo recebem uma maior percentagem de energia. Já as chaves 3, 4, 5 têm todas a mesma filosofia de partilha de energia, seguem uma lista de prioridades, sendo a partilha de energia feita servindo os mais prioritários até esgotar a energia ou todos os membros da lista vejam as suas necessidades de consumo satisfeitas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a melhor chave ou a chave mais benéfica para esta a CER em particular seria a chave 3, por gerar menos energia excedentária não utilizada e mesmo assim ter uma boa equidade, ou seja, é a energia efetivamente utilizada anualmente pelos membros da CER, um membro, neste caso, utiliza 58% e outro 42%. Em suma, para se escolher a chave de repartição que otimiza a partilha da energia excedentária duma comunidade, devemos ter em consideração a comunidade, visto que, cada chave tem as suas vantagens e desvantagens e a sua utilização varia de acordo com a CER.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2022
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2022
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    Authors: Gomes, Ivo António Pereira;

    Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do tema B iniciado na cadeira de Seminário de Investigação, Atelier de Projeto II e continuada em Laboratório de Projeto 1 no ano letivo2020/2021. O tema apresentado foi “Cabo do Mundo 21 – Projeto para uma Cidade Urgente Post-Covid e Post-Carbono”. Dele resultou uma proposta de reconversão urbana da refinaria petrolífera de Leça da Palmeira numa perspetiva futura de descarbonização e pós-pandemia.Após uma contextualização local histórica e geográfica foi elaborada uma estratégia coletiva para toda a área da refinaria e para a área envolvente, dividindo-a por 3 fases de trabalho desenvolvidas em conformidade. A área que este projeto propõe está situada na zona norte da refinaria, onde é proposta a sua transformação numa “cidade-parque”.Na perspetiva da sustentabilidade, mobilidade e consciencialização sanitária para um quotidiano preparado para o futuro, é desenvolvida individualmente uma secção desta área. Implementa-se um programa de funções estratégicas e articuladas, o qual envolve a criação de uma estação de hidrogénio verde que alimente energeticamente os meios de transporte e idealmente a eletricidade doméstica, complementada pelo uso de energia obtida através de turbinas eólicas e painéis solares. É proposto neste projeto a implantação de edifícios de habitação coletiva e ateliês de trabalho, ambos numa perspetiva de co-living (co-housing e co-working). Estabelece-se ainda um paralelismo entre o meio urbano e o meio ambiente, com propostas de parques e hortas comunitárias (estas para produção e consumo próprio ou para troca num Mercado Biológico). O projeto é desenvolvido sob uma premissa de sistemas que trabalham em conformidade sustentável, mas que podem ser isolados garantindo um quotidiano dinâmico para uma vida mental e fisicamente saudável em situações pandémicas, como ocorre nos confinamentos. O projeto da nova cidade-parque propõe a reconversão do parque industrial, mantendo a sua memória, e gera a oportunidade de pensar a cidade e a arquitetura na perspetiva do condicionamento provocado por adversidades sociais e distanciamentos sanitários. This thesis was developed under the theme B started in the Research Seminar, ProjectWorkshop II and was continued in the Project Laboratory 1 class in the academic year of2020/2021, “Cabo do Mundo 21 - Project for an Urgent City of Post-Covid and Post-Carbon”.This theme intends to develop a proposal for the requalification of the oil refinery in Leça da Palmeira in a future perspective of decarbonization and post-pandemic point of view.After a local historical and geographic contextualization, a collective strategy for the entire oil refinery area and its surroundings were drawn up, dividing it into 3 work areas developed accordingly. The area that this project proposes is located in the north of the refinery, unfinished and where a continuation of its morphology is proposed in a group dynamic that ends in a large park.From the perspective of sustainability, mobility and health awareness for a daily life prepared for the future, a section of this area is individually developed. With the implementation of a program of strategic and articulated functions, from a green hydrogen station that energetically supplies the means of transportation and, ideally, domestic electricity, supported by the use of wind farms and solar panels. This project proposes the installation of collective housing buildings and work studios, both from a Co-Living perspective. As well as the connection between the urban and the environment, with proposals for community parks and gardens (these for their own production and consumption of vegetables or fruit or for their exchange in a farmer’s market also proposed in this project). The project is developed under the premise of a few systems that work in sustainable compliance that can be isolated, always guaranteeing a dynamic and sustainable daily life for a mentally, physically and healthy life in pandemic situations, such as confinement.The project is developed for a new city park, an industrial requalification keeping its memory and an opportunity to think about the city and architecture in urban and social planning, in perspectives of conditioning caused by social adversities and sanitary distances.

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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2021
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2021
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    The building of energy infrastructure has the main objective of promoting economic development based on the production and consumption of goods and services. In Brazil, the main generator of electricity is the Itaipu hydroenergy plant, which is binational and uses the transboundary waters of the Parana River in the boundary between Brazil and Paraguay. In a context of high energy demand, the discourses about transboundary waters are marked by debates on sovereignty and securitization in the face of vulnerability, these discourses focus on relations of tension and conflict over strategic water resources between states. This paper examines the use of transboundary water for energy production in Brazil and the limits of the discourse of regional development among the riparian states in the negotiations on the Itaipu Treaty during the government of former President Inacio Lula da Silva (2003-2010).

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    Article . 2021
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    Authors: Mendes, Marco Alexandre Carvalho;

    De acordo com o relatório da Organização Mundial para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico (OCDE), no ano de 2019, verificaram-se, novamente, aumentos nos consumos mundiais de energia primária e nas respetivas emissões de Gases com Efeito de Estufa (GEE). Torna-se, assim, por demais evidente que o estudo da eficiência energética desempenha um papel de enorme responsabilidade na racionalização destes valores. A dissertação que se apresenta aborda a execução de uma auditoria energética a um estabelecimento industrial têxtil concreto, inserido no subsetor de branqueamento e tingimento têxtil, abrangido pelo Sistema de Gestão dos Consumos Intensivos de Energia (SGCIE). Nas condições previstas pelo Decreto-Lei n.˚68-A/2015, torna-se obrigatória a execução de uma auditoria energética, visto que a instalação alvo apresentou, no ano civil de 2019, um consumo anual de energia primária de 3 454 toneladas equivalente de petróleo (tep). A caracterização energética da instalação e a identificação de potenciais programas de investimento em sistemas energéticos, conducentes ao aumento da eficiência energética e/ou redução da fatura energética da empresa, foram as principais finalidades deste estudo. De modo a efetuar-se a auditoria em questão, tornou-se essencial a realização de um enquadramento bibliográfico, abordando-se o consumo de energia nacional e mundial, bem como a respetiva legislação atualmente em vigor. De seguida, adotou-se a metodologia que seria a base do projeto, sendo esta etapa sucedida pela elaboração de um caderno subsetorial, referente à atividade empresarial em que a instalação alvo da auditoria se insere. Posteriormente, tiveram lugar etapas fundamentais ao processo de auditoria energética, nomeadamente a recolha de dados e planeamento da intervenção, os levantamentos e medições de campo e o tratamento e análise de toda a informação obtida. Por fim, com vista na implementação de um processo contínuo e eficiente de gestão da energia consumida na instalação e de forma a alcançarem-se os objetivos legalmente exigidos, foram ainda identificadas Medidas de Utilização Racional de Energia (MURE), destacando-se o dimensionamento de uma Unidade de Produção para Autoconsumo (UPAC) e a reativação do Sistema de Recuperação de Calor dos Efluentes Quentes da Tinturaria, constituintes do Plano de Racionalização dos Consumos Energéticos (PREn) da instalação auditada. According to the report of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), in the year of 2019, there were, once again, increases in the world’s consumption of primary energy and in the respective emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). It thus becomes all too clear that the study of energy efficiency plays an enormously responsible role in the rationalization of these values. The dissertation that is presented addresses the execution of an energy audit to a textile industrial establishment, inserted in the textile bleaching and dyeing subsector, covered by the Intensive Energy Consumption Management System (SGCIE). According to the Portuguese regulation conditions, provided by the Decree-Law nº 68-A/2015, it is mandatory to execute an energy audit, since the targeted industrial plant, in the calendar year of 2019, presented an annual primary energy consumption of 3 454 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). The industrial plant’s energy characterization and the identification of potential investment programs in energy systems, that would lead to an increase in the overall energy efficiency and/or a reduction in the company’s energy expenses, were the main purposes of this study. In order to carry out the energy audit mentioned, the study of a bibliographic framework became essential, addressing the national and global energy consumption, as well as the respective legislation currently in force. Then, the methodology that would be the basis for this project was adopted and this step was followed by the elaboration of a subsector notebook, referring to the business activity in which the audited industrial plant is inserted. Subsequently, fundamental steps were taken so that audit the targeted industrial plant, namely the collection of data and intervention, the field surveys and measurements and the treatment and analysis of all the obtained information. Finally, with a view to implement a continuous and efficient management process of the industrial plant’s energy consumption, and in order to achieve the required legal objectives, Rational Energy Use Measures (MURE) were also identified, emphasizing the project of a Production Unit for Self-consumption (UPAC) and the Reactivation of the Dyeing’s Hot Effluents’ Heat Recovery System, as part of the audited industrial plant’s Energy Consumption Rationalization Plan (PREn). Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other ORP type . 2021
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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    Authors: Andrade, Renato Nurmberger Dias de;

    A pobreza energética aflige milhares de cidadãos em toda a Europa, incapazes de arcar com os custos energéticos para a manutenção do conforto térmico, em edifícios em bairros sociais, caracterizados pela ineficiência energética proveniente da baixa qualidade construtiva, ausência ou ineficiência de sistemas de climatização e de aquecimento das águas sanitárias, resultando em impactos sociais e económicos que reverberam em toda a sociedade. Nesse contexto, há imensos trabalhos de investigação, no sentido de se atingir a redução das necessidades energéticas de forma mais efetiva, bem como aumentar as condições de conforto dos habitantes, através de uma eficaz reabilitação energética das ineficientes envolventes dos edifícios de habitação social. Aumentar a qualidade construtiva, o conforto e mitigar a pobreza energética tão típica deste tipo de habitação, gera imensos benefícios aos cidadãos mais carentes e dependentes dos apoios sociais que consomem importantes recursos dos orçamentos dos governos. Há ainda uma reduzida aplicação de metodologias e de ferramentas de apoio ao projeto no processo de escolha das melhores soluções construtivas para a reabilitação de edifícios em bairros sociais, já que em muitos casos, as autarquias utilizam de forma pouco criteriosa soluções adotadas em experiências passadas para aplica-las em reabilitações futuras. Tendo definido a reabilitação energética das envolventes de edifícios em bairros sociais, como a mais efetiva ação no sentido de se reduzir a pobreza energética, mostrou-se necessário utilizar ferramentas e metodologias de apoio a projetos, como o EnergyPlus, DesignBulder e MARS aplicada no âmbito do projeto ARCAS e objeto de dissertação, capazes de ajudar na identificação das soluções mais adequadas e ainda permitir suas avaliações quanto ao cumprimento das exigências de sustentabilidade. Esse trabalho avaliou 03 cenários de reabilitação energética e identificou a melhor solução para reabilitação energética de edifícios localizados em bairros sociais, mediante aumento da eficiência energética e conforto das habitações, enquanto contribui para mitigar a pobreza energética nos bairros sociais, atendendo aos objetivos propostos nesse trabalho. Energy poverty affects thousands of citizens across Europe, unable to afford the energy costs for maintaining thermal comfort in buildings and dwellings in social neighbourhoods, characterized by energy inefficiency from poor constructive quality, absence or inefficiency of HVAC and DHW systems, resulting in social and economic impacts that reverberate throughout society. In this context, a lot of research was done to achieve the reduction of energy needs more effectively, as well as to increase the comfort conditions of the inhabitants, through an effective energy renovation of the poor envelops typical of social housing buildings. Increasing the constructive quality, comfort and mitigating the situation of energy poverty, so typical of this type of housing, generates large benefits to the most needy citizens and dependent on social support that consume important resources from the budgets of governments. Moreover, there is also a reduced application of methodologies and tools to support the project in the process of choosing the best constructive solutions for the renovation of buildings and housing in social neighbourhoods, since in many cases, municipalities use solutions adopted from past experiences without adapting them to the present situation. To support the renovation project, it is more effective to use some multicriteria analysis methodologies and tools, which are capable of helping to identify the most appropriate solutions and allow their assessment regarding compliance with sustainability requirements. With this dissertation, and under the ARCAS project, the MARS methodology, DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus, it was possible to identify the most effective action to mitigate energy poverty in some social housing neighbourhoods in Braga. This work evaluated 03 energy rehabilitation scenarios and identified the best solution for energy rehabilitation of buildings to be applied to social neighborhoods in Braga, resulting in increased energy efficiency and comfort of homes and at the same time contributing to mitigate energy poverty, meeting the objectives proposed in this work. Dissertação de mestrado em Construção e Reabilitação Sustentáveis

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    Authors: Castro, Joel Afonso da Silva e;

    A recuperação de energia (calor) do ar de exaustão de um sistema de Aquecimento, Ventilação e Ar Condicionado (AVAC), é hoje fundamental numa procura contínua de eficiência energética dos sistemas térmicos, sendo aliás obrigatória, em muitas situações, no âmbito de diversas normas e legislação em vigor, nacionais e europeias. Este projeto foi concebido para estudar e caracterizar de forma detalhada a perda de carga no escoamento do ar nesta seccção da Unidade de Tratamento de Ar (UTA) (conjunto recuperador + bypass), quer no circuito de insuflação, quer no circuito de extração, procurando melhor entender e caracterizar os principais aspetos que a influenciam. Numa UTA, a utilização de registos de caudal de ar no recuperador de calor, promove um bypass a este componente, diminuindo o consumo de energia associado à ventilação. Esta dissertação foi realizada no âmbito de um estágio curricular na empresa EVAC – Equipamentos de Ventilação e Ar Condicionado, S.A., tendo sido facultado pela mesma, uma instalação composta, em resumo, por uma UTA, por um troço de uma conduta, quatro transdutores de pressão e um caudalímetro (flow nozzle), de modo a ser possível a realização de ensaios práticos. Esta projeto de investigação visa, numa primeira fase, recolher os valores obtidos nos ensaios, onde foram utilizadas e analisadas três chapas, que têm como objetivo simular o comportamento de uma roda térmica e de um registo de caudal na instalação, com diferentes geometrias para diferentes caudais. Todos os cálculos foram efetuados numa folha de cálculo do software Excel desenvolvido para o efeito. Por fim, encontram-se as análises e comparações destes vários ensaios, referentes às três chapas, bem como uma apreciação mais crítica dos resultados obtidos. The recovery of energy (heat) from a Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems is now essential in the ongoing quest for thermal systems’ energy efficiency and is also frequently required by a range of national and european standards and legislation. In order to better understand and define the key factors that influence the pressure drop in the air flow in this section of the Air Handling Unit (AHU) (recover + bypass), this project was designed to study and characterize the pressure drop in detail. The utilization of airflow registers in a AHU induces a heat eecovery bypass reducing the energy consumption associated with ventilation. This dissertation was done as part of a curricular internship at EVAC - Equipa mentos de Ventilação e Ar Condicionado, S.A. To perform practical tests, EVAC provided an installation consisting of an Air Handling Unit (AHU), a duct section, four pressure transducers, and a flow nozzle. This research project intends, in a first phase, to gather the values obtained in the tests, where three plates were analyzed, which attempt to simulate the behaviour of a thermal wheel and a flow register in the installation, with different geometries for different flow rates. A spreadsheet made specifically for this purpose using the Excel program, was used for all calculations. Finally, we have analyses and correlations of these three distinct study cases, referring to the three plates, as well as a more critical assessment of the results. Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other ORP type . 2023
    License: CC BY NC SA
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Copque, Augusto César da Silva Machado;

    A utilização da energia elétrica é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento das sociedades, porém o uso demasiado de energia através de combustíveis fósseis, tem provocado consequências socioambientais graves. As transformações que se refletem nas políticas públicas ambientais e na mudança de comportamento das pessoas, que ao longo do tempo têm acompanhado e cobrado aos seus governantes medidas mitigadoras para as questões que envolvem a relação de geração de energia e os impactes e conflitos socioambientais, inseriu, em especial, o território brasileiro no cenário de produção de energia de fontes renováveis, como a eólica, principalmente após a crise energética nos anos 2000 e a mais recente no anos de 2020/21. O setor energético eólico brasileiro, por sua vez, passa a ser visado por alguns dos seus efeitos negativos no ambiente e às comunidades tradicionais, causado tanto por alguns projetos mal estruturados, quanto pelo desperdício e pela ineficiência de sua produção. Desse modo, esta tese tem como principal objetivo identificar os conflitos socioambientais de projetos, parques e complexos de energia eólica onshore na Região Geográfica Imediata de Guanambi, no Estado da Bahia - Brasil, mais precisamente nos municípios de Guanambi, Caetité e Igaporã. Além disso, destaca-se também na pesquisa: 1) o papel das políticas públicas quanto ao incentivo à energia eólica; 2) a questão técnica, desde a fase de planeamento até a concepção de um empreendimento eólico; 3) as principais vantagens e desvantagens econômicas, ambientais e sociais desse recurso energético renovável; 4) os usos concorrentes do território entre as atividadesrealizadas pelas as comunidades tradicionais rurais, e as etapas de prospecção, implantação e operação de alguns parques e complexos de energia eólica, enfatizando os seus conflitos ambientais; e 5) as medidas mitigadoras para os conflitos e impactessocioambientais, provenientes das etapas supracitadas nos municípios em análise. Para esta investigação, foi utilizado o método indutivo, tendo em vista um estudo passível de generalizações. Além disso, identificou-se a necessidade da pesquisa qualitativa, atividades itinerantes com a aplicação de entrevistas e levantamento de matérias em jornais e mídias digitais. O entendimento sobre a questão ambiental e sua evolução histórica, caracterizando a avaliação de impactes ambientais. Na tese, apresentam-se os usos concorrentes do território e os seus confrontos entre as atividades rurais das comunidades tradicionais, desde o planeamento até o início da operação de empreendimentos eólicos, e identificam-se nestes empreendimentos a problemática dos conflitos socioambientais através de uma visão econômica, social e ambiental. A definição de conflitos teve sua relevância na pesquisa devido à forma como estes funcionam. Assim, foi possível notar que os conflitos que ocorrem não são consequências espontâneas dos processos de utilização e exploração dos seus recursos, mas produzidos a partir das diferentes formas de apropriação do território, que são mediadas pelas relações desiguais de poder. Por fim, a pesquisa demonstra as medidas mitigadoras e compensatórias dos impactes e conflitos socioambientais, objetivando o interesse em conciliar os usos do território para conservação com a geração de energia eólica e promover o desenvolvimento social e ambiental, através do acesso justo, equitativo, direto e/ou indireto, aos recursos ambientais disponíveis e de uso legal, por parte das comunidades locais. Use of electric energy is of basic importance for development of societies, however the excessive use of fossil fuel energy (oil, coal and gas) has caused serious social and environmental consequences. Transformations that are reflected in environmental public policies and in people's behavior change, which throughout the time has followed and demanded from their governments mitigating for issues involving the relationship of energy generation and socio-environmental impacts and conflicts, inserted, in particular, the Brazilian territory in the scenario of renewable energy production, such as wind power, especially after the energy crisis in the 2000s and the most recent in the years 2020-2021. In Brazilian wind energy sector, in turn, is being targeted for some of its negative effects on the environment and traditional communities, caused both by some poorly structured and poorly executed projects, as well as by the waste and inefficiency of its production. Thus, this thesis has as main objective to identify socio-environmental conflicts of onshore wind energy projects, parks and complexes in the Geographic Region of Guanambi, in the State of Bahia-Brazil, more precisely in the municipalities of Guanambi, Caetité and Igaporã. In addition, the research also highlights: 1) role of public policies regarding the encouragement of wind energy; 2) technical issue, from the planning stage to the design of a wind enterprise; 3) some main economic, environmental and social advantages and disadvantages of this renewable energy resource; 4) competing uses of territory between the activities carried out by the communities, usually rural, and the prospecting, implanting and operating stages of some wind energy parks and complexes, emphasizing their environmental conflicts; and 5) mitigating for socio environmental conflicts and impacts, arising from the above-mentioned stages in the municipalities analysis. For this investigation, inductive method was used, in view to a generalizable study. In addition, it identified the need for qualitative research (bibliographic and documentary), itinerant activities with application of interviews and search in newspapers and digital media. Understanding of the environmental issue and its historical evolution, characterizing the assessment of environmental impacts, it became necessary to understand the topic addressed. In this thesis, the competing uses of territory and their clashes between rural activities of traditional communities are presented, from planning to beginning of the operation of wind projects, and the problem of socio-environmental conflicts is identified through an economic, social and environmental vision. Definition of socio-environmental conflicts has had its relevance in the research due to the way they work. Thus, it was possible to notice that socio-environmental conflicts that occur are not spontaneous consequences of the processes of use and exploitation of its resources, but produced from the different forms of appropriation of the territory, which are mediated by unequal power relations. Finally, the research demonstrates mitigating and compensatory practice for socio-environmental impacts and conflicts, aiming at the interest in reconciling uses of territories for conservation with the generation of wind energy and promoting social and environmental development, through fair, equitable, direct and/or indirect access, to available environmental resources and legal use by local communities. Tese de doutoramento em Geografia (especialidade de Geografia Física e Estudos Ambientais)

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other ORP type . 2022
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sousa, Afonso Marques de;

    Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia O conforto térmico é algo cada vez mais valorizado pelo ser humano, sendo fundamental para a sua produtividade e o seu bem-estar. Porém, assegurar condições de conforto térmico tem consequências energéticas, económicas e ambientais. Os órgãos de governo da União Europeia consideram que o aumento da eficiência energética dos edifícios é algo de extrema importância, devido a estes serem grandes consumidores de energia. Logo, um método eficaz de reduzir custos energéticos e económicos e impactos ambientais passa por tornar os edifícios muito eficientes energeticamente. A eficiência energética de um edifício está diretamente relacionada com a qualidade das suas soluções construtivas. Uma forma de melhorar as características das soluções construtivas é o uso de isolamento térmico, de modo a diminuir as trocas de calor entre o exterior e o interior de um edifício. O presente estudo tinha como objetivo a realização de uma análise económica, energética e ambiental da aplicação do isolamento térmico aos edifícios do continente europeu. Esta análise permitiu compreender a influência da aplicação de isolamento térmico na eficiência energética dos edifícios e assim perceber a influência desta medida nos custos energéticos, económicos e ambientais do ciclo de vida completo dos edifícios localizados no continente europeu. Adicionalmente, fez-se uma verificação de qual o material isolante térmico mais adequado. A análise foi efetuada segundo as perspetivas económica, energética e ambiental. Os custos do conforto térmico dependem da tipologia de uso do edifício e do tipo de clima. Assim, de forma a representar as tipologias do edificado europeu foram selecionados seis edifícios diferentes, sendo estes: um apartamento e uma moradia (edifícios residenciais), uma clínica (edifício de serviços com funcionamento permanente), uma escola e uma agência bancária (edifícios de serviços com funcionamento intermitente) e um supermercado (edifício de comércio com funcionamento intermitente. Para representar o clima do continente europeu foram selecionadas 5 localizações, em função do número de graus-dia de aquecimento e de arrefecimento, envolvendo assim 5 tipos de clima: Málaga (quente), Lisboa (moderado), Valladolid (frio), Varsóvia (muito frio), Reykjavik (extremamente frio). Recorreu-se à folha de cálculo CalProTerm para a obtenção das propriedades termofísicas das soluções construtivas opacas e ao software SEnergEd para a realização da simulação do comportamento energético, económico e ambiental do ciclo de vida dos edifícios. A versão do software SEnergEd disponibilizada não realizava a análise ambiental do ciclo de vida do edifício, pelo que foi necessário proceder à implementação desta vertente, munindo este software com os algoritmos necessários à realização do cálculo de impactos ambientais.Os resultados obtidos mostram, em termos muito genéricos, que a aplicação de isolamento térmico à envolvente opaca dos edifícios do continente europeu é mais benéfica em termos energéticos e em termos ambientais do que sob a perspetiva económica. Adicionalmente, a espessura ótima de isolamento térmico depende da tipologia de edifício, do tipo de clima e da perspetiva com que foi efetuada a análise (energética, ambiental ou económica). Thermal comfort is something increasingly valued by the human being, being fundamental for their productivity and well-being. However, ensuring thermal comfort conditions has energy, economic and environmental consequences. The Governing Bodies of the European Union consider that increasing the energy efficiency of buildings is extremely important, especially due to being one of the major energy consumers. Therefore, an effective method of reducing energy and economic costs and environmental impacts is to make buildings very energy efficient. The energy efficiency of a building is directly related to the quality of its constructive solutions. One way to improve the characteristics of constructive solutions is the use of thermal insulation, so as to decrease heat exchanges between the outside and the interior of a building.The present study aimed to carry out an economic, energy and environmental analysis of the application of thermal insulation to buildings on the European continent. This analysis made it possible to understand the influence of the application of thermal insulation on the energy efficiency of buildings and thus to understand the influence of this measure on the energy, economic and environmental costs of the complete life cycle of buildings located on the European continent. Additionally, a verification was made of which is the most suitable thermal insulating material. The analysis was carried out according to the economic, energy and environmental perspectives. Thermal comfort costs depend on the type of use of the building and the type of climate. Thus, to represent the typologies of European buildings, six different buildings were selected, namely: an apartment and a house (residential buildings), a clinic (service building with permanent operation), a school and a bank branch (buildings of services with intermittent operation) and a supermarket (commercial building with intermittent operation. To represent the climate of the European continent, 5 locations were selected, depending on the number of degree-days of heating and cooling, thus involving 5 types of climate: Malaga (hot), Lisbon (moderate), Valladolid (cold), Warsaw (very cold), Reykjavik (extremely cold).The CalProTerm spreadsheet was used to obtain the thermophysical properties of the opaque constructive solutions, the SEnergEd software was used to simulate the energy, economic and environmental behavior of the buildings' life cycle. The version of the SEnergEd software initially available did not carry out the environmental analysis of the building's life cycle, therefore it was necessary to implement this aspect, providing this software with the algorithms necessary to carry out the calculation of environmental impacts.The results obtained showed, in very general terms, that the application of thermal insulation to the opaque envelope of buildings on the European continent is more beneficial in energy and environmental terms than from an economic perspective. Additionally, the optimal thickness of thermal insulation depends on the type of building, the type of climate and the perspective from which the analysis was carried out (energy, environmental or economic).

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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2022
    Data sources: Estudo Geral
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Flambó, Tiago Miguel Albano;

    O desenvolvimento sustentável, como conceito fulcral para a sobrevivência do nosso planeta, engloba um conjunto de fatores dos quais a energia constitui uma parte vital. Esta ideia aparece inclusivamente vertida em diversos Objetivos do Desenvolvimentos Sustentável (ODS), tais como os Objetivos N.º 9, 11, 12 e 13. Os edifícios representam cerca de 50% do fenómeno de poluição ambiental, fruto do consumo energético inerente à sua utilização, que ascende a 41% de toda a energia primária produzida. Estes dados podem ser explicados pelo aumento da população mundial, a pouca reabilitação de edifícios a nível global e o exponencial aumento do consumo energético para suprir necessidades de aquecimento e arrefecimento de edifícios. Neste âmbito, considerou-se importante verificar a viabilidade de novas soluções que permitam criar estabilidade térmica dentro dos edifícios, como é o caso da aplicação de Materiais de Mudança de Fase (Phase Change Materials – PCM) em soluções construtivas. Os PCM apresentam uma comprovada capacidade de armazenamento térmico em comparação com as soluções tradicionais. Contudo, uma das grandes vantagens destes materiais reside na não necessidade de armazenamento de energia elétrica, mas sim o armazenamento da energia térmica do ambiente envolvente. A modelação da aplicação dos materiais num edifício-tipo e num edifício real, permitiu obter diferenças nas temperaturas de pico interiores de até 1 °C, bem como uma redução global de consumos energéticos entre 12% e 23%, para a espessura mínima dos PCM comerciais analisados. A introdução dos PCM permitiu, de igual forma, a redução da amplitude térmica interior, observando-se reduções até 83%. A adoção deste tipo de soluções leva a que seja possível obter reduções de emissões entre os 3,3% e os 33%, no edifício de mais baixa eficiência energética e entre os 2% e os 8%, para o caso de um edifício de maior eficiência energética. O período de retorno do investimento nestes materiais mostrou-se elevando, sendo um desafio ao vetor social da sustentabilidade. Sustainable development, as a key concept for the survival of our planet, includes a set of factors of which energy is a vital part. This idea also appears in several Sustainable Development Objectives (SDO), such as Objectives Nos. 9, 11, 12 and 13. Buildings represent about 50% of the environmental pollution phenomenon, resulting from the energy consumption inherent to its use, which amounts to 41% of all primary energy produced. This can be explained by the increase of the world population, the limited rehabilitation of buildings worldwide and the exponential increase in energy consumption, to meet heating and cooling needs of buildings. In this context it will be important to verify the viability of new solutions that allow thermal stability in buildings, such as the application of Phase Change Materials (PCM) in constructive solutions. PCM have proven thermal storage capacity compared to traditional coating solutions. However, one of the great advantages of these materials lies in the fact that they do not need to store electrical energy, but the storage of thermal energy from the surrounding environment. The application of the materials, in a simulated context, in a model building and in a real building, allowed to obtain differences in interior peak temperatures of up to 1 °C, as well as an overall reduction in energy consumption between 12% and 23%, for the minimum commercial thickness of the PCM used. The introduction of PCM also made it possible to reduce the interior temperature range, with reductions of up to 83% observed. About the environmental sustainability themes, the adoption of this type of solution led to emission reductions between 3.3% and 33%, in the low-efficiency building, and between 2% and 8%, for the most efficient building. The payback period for the investment in these materials need to be increased, representing a challenge to the social vector of sustainability.

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    Authors: Cardoso, André Filipe Silva;

    No município do Seixal, pretende-se estudar a implementação de um projeto para a produção de hidrogénio verde. Este projeto nasceu pela necessidade de responder às metas da descarbonização em Portugal, como sendo uma forte ferramenta para alcançarmos a desejada neutralidade carbónica. O projeto piloto tem como base a obtenção de hidrogénio verde para descarbonizar setores e eletrificar os mesmos de uma maneira “verde”. Neste âmbito, o município do Seixal está empenhado na criação de uma comunidade de energias renováveis para fornecimento de energia ao parque industrial do Seixal e dessa mesma energia verde, fazer uso por meio de um sistema eletrolisador para a obtenção de hidrogénio verde para várias finalidades. Desta forma, no presente projeto, após uma parte teórica acerca dos métodos de obtenção de hidrogénio, modos de utilização do mesmo, e contextualização do hidrogénio em Portugal, é proposto um estudo para aferir a forma mais rentável de utilização do hidrogénio resultante desse projeto piloto do município. Serão apresentados diferentes cenários, tais como a utilização do hidrogénio em três cadeias de valor, sendo estas power-to-mobility, power-to-gas e power-to-power e ainda dois contextos onde a energia utilizada na produção de hidrogénio tem proveniências distintas, um sistema fotovoltaico privado e outro comunitário. Todos os cenários apresentados por meio de uma análise financeira, resultam em valores que na atualidade permitem ser minimamente aceitáveis sem recurso a quaisquer incentivos monetários. No futuro, com o amadurecimento das tecnologias poderá ser possível obter resultados mais favoráveis, na medida em que os períodos de retorno do investimento nos vários cenários será inferior, conseguindo-se assim uma introdução do hidrogénio mais acessível nos vários setores económicos e uma economia cada vez mais neutra em carbono, indo de encontro às perspetivas europeias. This project was born from the necessity of achieving the decarbonization targets set in Portugal in order to reach the so desired carbon neutrality and as so, it is going to be investigated the implementation of a green hydrogen production project under Seixal’s municipality. The pilot project basis is established in the obtention of green hydrogen in order to decarbonize sectors and start the process of electrification in a green way. Additionally Seixal’s municipality is invested in the creation of a renewable energies community mainly focused to supply its own industrial complex, and use that same green energy through an electrolyser system in order to obtain green hydrogen for multiple purposes. Firstly, this project will introduce the process of hydrogen obtention, utilization and contextualization in Portugal, followed by a study to assess the best way, rate of return wise, to use the hydrogen sourced from the municipality’s pilot project. Several scenarios will be presented, such as the use of hydrogen in three chain values: power-to-mobility, power-to-gas and power-to-power. There are also two additional contexts where the energy used in the hydrogen production came from two distinct sources: a private photovoltaic system and a communitary one. All of the scenarios are presented through a financial analysis that result in actual minimal acceptable values with no financial incentives needed. However, futuristically, and technologically speaking, given the technological improvement on the equipment used, it is possible to obtain favourable results in such a way that the payback period on every scenario will be lower, hence making it an accessible insertion of hydrogen energy for all the economic sectors involved, contributing overall towards a more carbon neutral economy and therefore meeting the European set targets.

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    Master thesis . 2022
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      Repositório Comum
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    Authors: Serra, Ricardo João Matos;

    Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia The evolution of society, its demographic growth, and its technological and economic development made electricity an essential good, causing the consumption of electricity to increase over the years, to guarantee these supply fossil fuels were used in its production an unsustainable option that has generated high levels of pollution and a climate crisis. To address these problems, the European Union established the European Directive 2018/2001. This directive allows renewable energy self-consumers to produce, consume, share, store and sell electricity, promoting various sustainable behaviors such as reducing energy bills, reducing CO2 emissions, combating energy poverty, and reducing the cost of energy—initial investment. This dissertation aims to develop different methodologies for defining the sharing coefficients of energy produced in a CER and to establish comparisons of their performance in the CER. The CER used as a case study in this dissertation is composed of two schools in Coimbra and the DEEC building. In a preliminary analysis of the consumption of each building, several simulations were carried out to find out which would be the best location of production in the CER, having that choice fell on school 1. Five methods were developed to define the coefficients of sharing the surplus energy produced by the CER by its members. In key 1, fixed coefficient, a fixed percentage of energy sharing is assigned, in key 2 the sharing coefficients are proportional to the consumption of each user, that is, members who have higher consumption receive a greater percentage of energy. Keys 3, 4, and 5 all have the same energy sharing philosophy, they follow a list of priorities, with energy sharing being done by serving the highest priorities until they run out of energy or all members of the list see their consumption needs. satisfied. According to the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the best key or the most beneficial key for this particular CER would be key 3, as it generates less unused surplus energy and still has good equity, that is, it is energy effectively used annually by CER members, one member, in this case, uses 58% and another 42%.In short, to choose the distribution key that optimizes the sharing of surplus energy in a community, we must consider the community, since each key has its advantages and disadvantages, and its use varies according to the CER. A evolução da sociedade, o seu crescimento demográfico e o seu desenvolvimento tecnológico e económico, tornou a eletricidade um bem essencial, fazendo com que o consumo de energia elétrica aumentasse ao longo dos anos, para garantir esta oferta foram utilizados combustíveis fósseis na sua produção, uma opção não sustentável que gerou elevados níveis de poluição e uma crise climática. Para colmatar esses problemas a União Europeia estabeleceu a Diretiva Europeia 2018/2001. Essa diretiva permite aos autoconsumidores de energia renovável produzir, consumir, partilhar, armazenar e vender eletricidade, promovendo diversos comportamentos sustentáveis como redução na fatura energética, a redução das emissões de CO2, combate à pobreza energética e consequentemente a redução no custo do investimento inicial. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver diversas metodologias de definição dos coeficientes de partilha de energia produzida numa CER e estabelecer comparações do seu desempenho na CER. A CER usada como estudo de caso nesta dissertação é composta por dois estabelecimentos escolares de Coimbra e pelo edifício do DEEC. Numa análise preliminar dos consumos de cada edifício, realizou-se várias simulações para descobrir qual seria a melhor localização da produção na CER, tendo essa escolha recaído na escola 1. Foram desenvolvidos cinco métodos para definição dos coeficientes de partilha da energia excedentária produzida pela CER pelos membros da mesma. Na chave 1, coeficiente fixo, é atribuída uma percentagem fixa de partilha de energia, na chave 2 os coeficientes de partilha são proporcionais ao consumo de cada utilizador, ou seja, membros que tenham maior consumo recebem uma maior percentagem de energia. Já as chaves 3, 4, 5 têm todas a mesma filosofia de partilha de energia, seguem uma lista de prioridades, sendo a partilha de energia feita servindo os mais prioritários até esgotar a energia ou todos os membros da lista vejam as suas necessidades de consumo satisfeitas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a melhor chave ou a chave mais benéfica para esta a CER em particular seria a chave 3, por gerar menos energia excedentária não utilizada e mesmo assim ter uma boa equidade, ou seja, é a energia efetivamente utilizada anualmente pelos membros da CER, um membro, neste caso, utiliza 58% e outro 42%. Em suma, para se escolher a chave de repartição que otimiza a partilha da energia excedentária duma comunidade, devemos ter em consideração a comunidade, visto que, cada chave tem as suas vantagens e desvantagens e a sua utilização varia de acordo com a CER.

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    Master thesis . 2022
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2022
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    Authors: Gomes, Ivo António Pereira;

    Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do tema B iniciado na cadeira de Seminário de Investigação, Atelier de Projeto II e continuada em Laboratório de Projeto 1 no ano letivo2020/2021. O tema apresentado foi “Cabo do Mundo 21 – Projeto para uma Cidade Urgente Post-Covid e Post-Carbono”. Dele resultou uma proposta de reconversão urbana da refinaria petrolífera de Leça da Palmeira numa perspetiva futura de descarbonização e pós-pandemia.Após uma contextualização local histórica e geográfica foi elaborada uma estratégia coletiva para toda a área da refinaria e para a área envolvente, dividindo-a por 3 fases de trabalho desenvolvidas em conformidade. A área que este projeto propõe está situada na zona norte da refinaria, onde é proposta a sua transformação numa “cidade-parque”.Na perspetiva da sustentabilidade, mobilidade e consciencialização sanitária para um quotidiano preparado para o futuro, é desenvolvida individualmente uma secção desta área. Implementa-se um programa de funções estratégicas e articuladas, o qual envolve a criação de uma estação de hidrogénio verde que alimente energeticamente os meios de transporte e idealmente a eletricidade doméstica, complementada pelo uso de energia obtida através de turbinas eólicas e painéis solares. É proposto neste projeto a implantação de edifícios de habitação coletiva e ateliês de trabalho, ambos numa perspetiva de co-living (co-housing e co-working). Estabelece-se ainda um paralelismo entre o meio urbano e o meio ambiente, com propostas de parques e hortas comunitárias (estas para produção e consumo próprio ou para troca num Mercado Biológico). O projeto é desenvolvido sob uma premissa de sistemas que trabalham em conformidade sustentável, mas que podem ser isolados garantindo um quotidiano dinâmico para uma vida mental e fisicamente saudável em situações pandémicas, como ocorre nos confinamentos. O projeto da nova cidade-parque propõe a reconversão do parque industrial, mantendo a sua memória, e gera a oportunidade de pensar a cidade e a arquitetura na perspetiva do condicionamento provocado por adversidades sociais e distanciamentos sanitários. This thesis was developed under the theme B started in the Research Seminar, ProjectWorkshop II and was continued in the Project Laboratory 1 class in the academic year of2020/2021, “Cabo do Mundo 21 - Project for an Urgent City of Post-Covid and Post-Carbon”.This theme intends to develop a proposal for the requalification of the oil refinery in Leça da Palmeira in a future perspective of decarbonization and post-pandemic point of view.After a local historical and geographic contextualization, a collective strategy for the entire oil refinery area and its surroundings were drawn up, dividing it into 3 work areas developed accordingly. The area that this project proposes is located in the north of the refinery, unfinished and where a continuation of its morphology is proposed in a group dynamic that ends in a large park.From the perspective of sustainability, mobility and health awareness for a daily life prepared for the future, a section of this area is individually developed. With the implementation of a program of strategic and articulated functions, from a green hydrogen station that energetically supplies the means of transportation and, ideally, domestic electricity, supported by the use of wind farms and solar panels. This project proposes the installation of collective housing buildings and work studios, both from a Co-Living perspective. As well as the connection between the urban and the environment, with proposals for community parks and gardens (these for their own production and consumption of vegetables or fruit or for their exchange in a farmer’s market also proposed in this project). The project is developed under the premise of a few systems that work in sustainable compliance that can be isolated, always guaranteeing a dynamic and sustainable daily life for a mentally, physically and healthy life in pandemic situations, such as confinement.The project is developed for a new city park, an industrial requalification keeping its memory and an opportunity to think about the city and architecture in urban and social planning, in perspectives of conditioning caused by social adversities and sanitary distances.

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    Master thesis . 2021
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    The building of energy infrastructure has the main objective of promoting economic development based on the production and consumption of goods and services. In Brazil, the main generator of electricity is the Itaipu hydroenergy plant, which is binational and uses the transboundary waters of the Parana River in the boundary between Brazil and Paraguay. In a context of high energy demand, the discourses about transboundary waters are marked by debates on sovereignty and securitization in the face of vulnerability, these discourses focus on relations of tension and conflict over strategic water resources between states. This paper examines the use of transboundary water for energy production in Brazil and the limits of the discourse of regional development among the riparian states in the negotiations on the Itaipu Treaty during the government of former President Inacio Lula da Silva (2003-2010).

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    Article . 2021
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    Authors: Mendes, Marco Alexandre Carvalho;

    De acordo com o relatório da Organização Mundial para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico (OCDE), no ano de 2019, verificaram-se, novamente, aumentos nos consumos mundiais de energia primária e nas respetivas emissões de Gases com Efeito de Estufa (GEE). Torna-se, assim, por demais evidente que o estudo da eficiência energética desempenha um papel de enorme responsabilidade na racionalização destes valores. A dissertação que se apresenta aborda a execução de uma auditoria energética a um estabelecimento industrial têxtil concreto, inserido no subsetor de branqueamento e tingimento têxtil, abrangido pelo Sistema de Gestão dos Consumos Intensivos de Energia (SGCIE). Nas condições previstas pelo Decreto-Lei n.˚68-A/2015, torna-se obrigatória a execução de uma auditoria energética, visto que a instalação alvo apresentou, no ano civil de 2019, um consumo anual de energia primária de 3 454 toneladas equivalente de petróleo (tep). A caracterização energética da instalação e a identificação de potenciais programas de investimento em sistemas energéticos, conducentes ao aumento da eficiência energética e/ou redução da fatura energética da empresa, foram as principais finalidades deste estudo. De modo a efetuar-se a auditoria em questão, tornou-se essencial a realização de um enquadramento bibliográfico, abordando-se o consumo de energia nacional e mundial, bem como a respetiva legislação atualmente em vigor. De seguida, adotou-se a metodologia que seria a base do projeto, sendo esta etapa sucedida pela elaboração de um caderno subsetorial, referente à atividade empresarial em que a instalação alvo da auditoria se insere. Posteriormente, tiveram lugar etapas fundamentais ao processo de auditoria energética, nomeadamente a recolha de dados e planeamento da intervenção, os levantamentos e medições de campo e o tratamento e análise de toda a informação obtida. Por fim, com vista na implementação de um processo contínuo e eficiente de gestão da energia consumida na instalação e de forma a alcançarem-se os objetivos legalmente exigidos, foram ainda identificadas Medidas de Utilização Racional de Energia (MURE), destacando-se o dimensionamento de uma Unidade de Produção para Autoconsumo (UPAC) e a reativação do Sistema de Recuperação de Calor dos Efluentes Quentes da Tinturaria, constituintes do Plano de Racionalização dos Consumos Energéticos (PREn) da instalação auditada. According to the report of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), in the year of 2019, there were, once again, increases in the world’s consumption of primary energy and in the respective emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). It thus becomes all too clear that the study of energy efficiency plays an enormously responsible role in the rationalization of these values. The dissertation that is presented addresses the execution of an energy audit to a textile industrial establishment, inserted in the textile bleaching and dyeing subsector, covered by the Intensive Energy Consumption Management System (SGCIE). According to the Portuguese regulation conditions, provided by the Decree-Law nº 68-A/2015, it is mandatory to execute an energy audit, since the targeted industrial plant, in the calendar year of 2019, presented an annual primary energy consumption of 3 454 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). The industrial plant’s energy characterization and the identification of potential investment programs in energy systems, that would lead to an increase in the overall energy efficiency and/or a reduction in the company’s energy expenses, were the main purposes of this study. In order to carry out the energy audit mentioned, the study of a bibliographic framework became essential, addressing the national and global energy consumption, as well as the respective legislation currently in force. Then, the methodology that would be the basis for this project was adopted and this step was followed by the elaboration of a subsector notebook, referring to the business activity in which the audited industrial plant is inserted. Subsequently, fundamental steps were taken so that audit the targeted industrial plant, namely the collection of data and intervention, the field surveys and measurements and the treatment and analysis of all the obtained information. Finally, with a view to implement a continuous and efficient management process of the industrial plant’s energy consumption, and in order to achieve the required legal objectives, Rational Energy Use Measures (MURE) were also identified, emphasizing the project of a Production Unit for Self-consumption (UPAC) and the Reactivation of the Dyeing’s Hot Effluents’ Heat Recovery System, as part of the audited industrial plant’s Energy Consumption Rationalization Plan (PREn). Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica

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    Authors: Andrade, Renato Nurmberger Dias de;

    A pobreza energética aflige milhares de cidadãos em toda a Europa, incapazes de arcar com os custos energéticos para a manutenção do conforto térmico, em edifícios em bairros sociais, caracterizados pela ineficiência energética proveniente da baixa qualidade construtiva, ausência ou ineficiência de sistemas de climatização e de aquecimento das águas sanitárias, resultando em impactos sociais e económicos que reverberam em toda a sociedade. Nesse contexto, há imensos trabalhos de investigação, no sentido de se atingir a redução das necessidades energéticas de forma mais efetiva, bem como aumentar as condições de conforto dos habitantes, através de uma eficaz reabilitação energética das ineficientes envolventes dos edifícios de habitação social. Aumentar a qualidade construtiva, o conforto e mitigar a pobreza energética tão típica deste tipo de habitação, gera imensos benefícios aos cidadãos mais carentes e dependentes dos apoios sociais que consomem importantes recursos dos orçamentos dos governos. Há ainda uma reduzida aplicação de metodologias e de ferramentas de apoio ao projeto no processo de escolha das melhores soluções construtivas para a reabilitação de edifícios em bairros sociais, já que em muitos casos, as autarquias utilizam de forma pouco criteriosa soluções adotadas em experiências passadas para aplica-las em reabilitações futuras. Tendo definido a reabilitação energética das envolventes de edifícios em bairros sociais, como a mais efetiva ação no sentido de se reduzir a pobreza energética, mostrou-se necessário utilizar ferramentas e metodologias de apoio a projetos, como o EnergyPlus, DesignBulder e MARS aplicada no âmbito do projeto ARCAS e objeto de dissertação, capazes de ajudar na identificação das soluções mais adequadas e ainda permitir suas avaliações quanto ao cumprimento das exigências de sustentabilidade. Esse trabalho avaliou 03 cenários de reabilitação energética e identificou a melhor solução para reabilitação energética de edifícios localizados em bairros sociais, mediante aumento da eficiência energética e conforto das habitações, enquanto contribui para mitigar a pobreza energética nos bairros sociais, atendendo aos objetivos propostos nesse trabalho. Energy poverty affects thousands of citizens across Europe, unable to afford the energy costs for maintaining thermal comfort in buildings and dwellings in social neighbourhoods, characterized by energy inefficiency from poor constructive quality, absence or inefficiency of HVAC and DHW systems, resulting in social and economic impacts that reverberate throughout society. In this context, a lot of research was done to achieve the reduction of energy needs more effectively, as well as to increase the comfort conditions of the inhabitants, through an effective energy renovation of the poor envelops typical of social housing buildings. Increasing the constructive quality, comfort and mitigating the situation of energy poverty, so typical of this type of housing, generates large benefits to the most needy citizens and dependent on social support that consume important resources from the budgets of governments. Moreover, there is also a reduced application of methodologies and tools to support the project in the process of choosing the best constructive solutions for the renovation of buildings and housing in social neighbourhoods, since in many cases, municipalities use solutions adopted from past experiences without adapting them to the present situation. To support the renovation project, it is more effective to use some multicriteria analysis methodologies and tools, which are capable of helping to identify the most appropriate solutions and allow their assessment regarding compliance with sustainability requirements. With this dissertation, and under the ARCAS project, the MARS methodology, DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus, it was possible to identify the most effective action to mitigate energy poverty in some social housing neighbourhoods in Braga. This work evaluated 03 energy rehabilitation scenarios and identified the best solution for energy rehabilitation of buildings to be applied to social neighborhoods in Braga, resulting in increased energy efficiency and comfort of homes and at the same time contributing to mitigate energy poverty, meeting the objectives proposed in this work. Dissertação de mestrado em Construção e Reabilitação Sustentáveis

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    Authors: Castro, Joel Afonso da Silva e;

    A recuperação de energia (calor) do ar de exaustão de um sistema de Aquecimento, Ventilação e Ar Condicionado (AVAC), é hoje fundamental numa procura contínua de eficiência energética dos sistemas térmicos, sendo aliás obrigatória, em muitas situações, no âmbito de diversas normas e legislação em vigor, nacionais e europeias. Este projeto foi concebido para estudar e caracterizar de forma detalhada a perda de carga no escoamento do ar nesta seccção da Unidade de Tratamento de Ar (UTA) (conjunto recuperador + bypass), quer no circuito de insuflação, quer no circuito de extração, procurando melhor entender e caracterizar os principais aspetos que a influenciam. Numa UTA, a utilização de registos de caudal de ar no recuperador de calor, promove um bypass a este componente, diminuindo o consumo de energia associado à ventilação. Esta dissertação foi realizada no âmbito de um estágio curricular na empresa EVAC – Equipamentos de Ventilação e Ar Condicionado, S.A., tendo sido facultado pela mesma, uma instalação composta, em resumo, por uma UTA, por um troço de uma conduta, quatro transdutores de pressão e um caudalímetro (flow nozzle), de modo a ser possível a realização de ensaios práticos. Esta projeto de investigação visa, numa primeira fase, recolher os valores obtidos nos ensaios, onde foram utilizadas e analisadas três chapas, que têm como objetivo simular o comportamento de uma roda térmica e de um registo de caudal na instalação, com diferentes geometrias para diferentes caudais. Todos os cálculos foram efetuados numa folha de cálculo do software Excel desenvolvido para o efeito. Por fim, encontram-se as análises e comparações destes vários ensaios, referentes às três chapas, bem como uma apreciação mais crítica dos resultados obtidos. The recovery of energy (heat) from a Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems is now essential in the ongoing quest for thermal systems’ energy efficiency and is also frequently required by a range of national and european standards and legislation. In order to better understand and define the key factors that influence the pressure drop in the air flow in this section of the Air Handling Unit (AHU) (recover + bypass), this project was designed to study and characterize the pressure drop in detail. The utilization of airflow registers in a AHU induces a heat eecovery bypass reducing the energy consumption associated with ventilation. This dissertation was done as part of a curricular internship at EVAC - Equipa mentos de Ventilação e Ar Condicionado, S.A. To perform practical tests, EVAC provided an installation consisting of an Air Handling Unit (AHU), a duct section, four pressure transducers, and a flow nozzle. This research project intends, in a first phase, to gather the values obtained in the tests, where three plates were analyzed, which attempt to simulate the behaviour of a thermal wheel and a flow register in the installation, with different geometries for different flow rates. A spreadsheet made specifically for this purpose using the Excel program, was used for all calculations. Finally, we have analyses and correlations of these three distinct study cases, referring to the three plates, as well as a more critical assessment of the results. Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica

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    Authors: Copque, Augusto César da Silva Machado;

    A utilização da energia elétrica é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento das sociedades, porém o uso demasiado de energia através de combustíveis fósseis, tem provocado consequências socioambientais graves. As transformações que se refletem nas políticas públicas ambientais e na mudança de comportamento das pessoas, que ao longo do tempo têm acompanhado e cobrado aos seus governantes medidas mitigadoras para as questões que envolvem a relação de geração de energia e os impactes e conflitos socioambientais, inseriu, em especial, o território brasileiro no cenário de produção de energia de fontes renováveis, como a eólica, principalmente após a crise energética nos anos 2000 e a mais recente no anos de 2020/21. O setor energético eólico brasileiro, por sua vez, passa a ser visado por alguns dos seus efeitos negativos no ambiente e às comunidades tradicionais, causado tanto por alguns projetos mal estruturados, quanto pelo desperdício e pela ineficiência de sua produção. Desse modo, esta tese tem como principal objetivo identificar os conflitos socioambientais de projetos, parques e complexos de energia eólica onshore na Região Geográfica Imediata de Guanambi, no Estado da Bahia - Brasil, mais precisamente nos municípios de Guanambi, Caetité e Igaporã. Além disso, destaca-se também na pesquisa: 1) o papel das políticas públicas quanto ao incentivo à energia eólica; 2) a questão técnica, desde a fase de planeamento até a concepção de um empreendimento eólico; 3) as principais vantagens e desvantagens econômicas, ambientais e sociais desse recurso energético renovável; 4) os usos concorrentes do território entre as atividadesrealizadas pelas as comunidades tradicionais rurais, e as etapas de prospecção, implantação e operação de alguns parques e complexos de energia eólica, enfatizando os seus conflitos ambientais; e 5) as medidas mitigadoras para os conflitos e impactessocioambientais, provenientes das etapas supracitadas nos municípios em análise. Para esta investigação, foi utilizado o método indutivo, tendo em vista um estudo passível de generalizações. Além disso, identificou-se a necessidade da pesquisa qualitativa, atividades itinerantes com a aplicação de entrevistas e levantamento de matérias em jornais e mídias digitais. O entendimento sobre a questão ambiental e sua evolução histórica, caracterizando a avaliação de impactes ambientais. Na tese, apresentam-se os usos concorrentes do território e os seus confrontos entre as atividades rurais das comunidades tradicionais, desde o planeamento até o início da operação de empreendimentos eólicos, e identificam-se nestes empreendimentos a problemática dos conflitos socioambientais através de uma visão econômica, social e ambiental. A definição de conflitos teve sua relevância na pesquisa devido à forma como estes funcionam. Assim, foi possível notar que os conflitos que ocorrem não são consequências espontâneas dos processos de utilização e exploração dos seus recursos, mas produzidos a partir das diferentes formas de apropriação do território, que são mediadas pelas relações desiguais de poder. Por fim, a pesquisa demonstra as medidas mitigadoras e compensatórias dos impactes e conflitos socioambientais, objetivando o interesse em conciliar os usos do território para conservação com a geração de energia eólica e promover o desenvolvimento social e ambiental, através do acesso justo, equitativo, direto e/ou indireto, aos recursos ambientais disponíveis e de uso legal, por parte das comunidades locais. Use of electric energy is of basic importance for development of societies, however the excessive use of fossil fuel energy (oil, coal and gas) has caused serious social and environmental consequences. Transformations that are reflected in environmental public policies and in people's behavior change, which throughout the time has followed and demanded from their governments mitigating for issues involving the relationship of energy generation and socio-environmental impacts and conflicts, inserted, in particular, the Brazilian territory in the scenario of renewable energy production, such as wind power, especially after the energy crisis in the 2000s and the most recent in the years 2020-2021. In Brazilian wind energy sector, in turn, is being targeted for some of its negative effects on the environment and traditional communities, caused both by some poorly structured and poorly executed projects, as well as by the waste and inefficiency of its production. Thus, this thesis has as main objective to identify socio-environmental conflicts of onshore wind energy projects, parks and complexes in the Geographic Region of Guanambi, in the State of Bahia-Brazil, more precisely in the municipalities of Guanambi, Caetité and Igaporã. In addition, the research also highlights: 1) role of public policies regarding the encouragement of wind energy; 2) technical issue, from the planning stage to the design of a wind enterprise; 3) some main economic, environmental and social advantages and disadvantages of this renewable energy resource; 4) competing uses of territory between the activities carried out by the communities, usually rural, and the prospecting, implanting and operating stages of some wind energy parks and complexes, emphasizing their environmental conflicts; and 5) mitigating for socio environmental conflicts and impacts, arising from the above-mentioned stages in the municipalities analysis. For this investigation, inductive method was used, in view to a generalizable study. In addition, it identified the need for qualitative research (bibliographic and documentary), itinerant activities with application of interviews and search in newspapers and digital media. Understanding of the environmental issue and its historical evolution, characterizing the assessment of environmental impacts, it became necessary to understand the topic addressed. In this thesis, the competing uses of territory and their clashes between rural activities of traditional communities are presented, from planning to beginning of the operation of wind projects, and the problem of socio-environmental conflicts is identified through an economic, social and environmental vision. Definition of socio-environmental conflicts has had its relevance in the research due to the way they work. Thus, it was possible to notice that socio-environmental conflicts that occur are not spontaneous consequences of the processes of use and exploitation of its resources, but produced from the different forms of appropriation of the territory, which are mediated by unequal power relations. Finally, the research demonstrates mitigating and compensatory practice for socio-environmental impacts and conflicts, aiming at the interest in reconciling uses of territories for conservation with the generation of wind energy and promoting social and environmental development, through fair, equitable, direct and/or indirect access, to available environmental resources and legal use by local communities. Tese de doutoramento em Geografia (especialidade de Geografia Física e Estudos Ambientais)

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