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  • Energy Research
  • 2021-2025
  • 13. Climate action
  • Russian

  • В последние десятилетия экологическая проблема приняла глобальный характер и требует консолидации мирового сообщества. Возникающие экологические угрозы становятся все более опасными для человечества, поэтому требуются усилия всех государств для предотвращения негативных последствий изменения окружающей среды. В данной статье рассматривается деятельность международных акторов в сфере обеспечения экологической безопасности. Авторами проведен сравнительный анализ правовых основ и национальных особенностей политики экологической безопасности Дании, США и России, рассмотрены примеры использования возобновляемых источников энергии, направленных на минимизацию экологических рисков, выявлены проблемы и определены перспективы реализации экологической политики в условиях перехода к «зеленой энергетике». In recent decades, the environmental problem has become global in nature and requires the consolidation of the world community. Emerging environmental threats are becoming more and more dangerous for humanity, therefore efforts of all states are required to prevent the negative consequences of environmental change. This article examines the activities of international actors in the field of ensuring environmental safety. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the legal framework and national characteristics of environmental safety policies in Denmark, the USA and Russia, examined examples of the use of renewable energy sources aimed at minimizing environmental risks, identified problems and identified prospects for the implementation of environmental policy in the context of the transition to “green energy”.

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    Authors: Galina, Bityaeva; Mergen, Sangadzhiev;

    The Republic of Kalmykia is rich in solar energy, where the sun shines for more than three-quarters of a year. In addition to solar energy, wind energy can be used in the region. Since agriculture is the major branch of the economy in the Republic, waste from it can be used as biogas. This paper discusses the use of renewable energy sources in protected areas where additional noise devices and aggregates cannot be used. Also, the use of high-voltage power lines can lead to fires, and they occupy part of the useful area of nature reserves, so additional maintenance is required. To solve this problem, we analyzed the current state of the reserve for the protection of saiga lands in Kalmykia. The questions of insolation depending on the seasons and day-night characteristics are also investigated. The materials were the results of expedition routes conducted in recent years in the Black Lands reserve, data from cordons. The obtained materials will make it possible to use non-traditional types of energy for lighting cordons, hunting and tourist areas, in particular, the use of solar modules of different designs. To promote specially protected areas and the use of solar energy.

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  • Данная работа посвящена разработке концепции энергоснабжения индивидуального дома с нулевым потреблением энергии, учитывающей климатические показатели района строительства. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: 1. Систематизация и анализ существующих исследований в области объектов энергоэффективного жилищного строительства. 2. Оценка возобновляемых источников энергии, таких как солнечная, ветровая, воздушная и геотермальная энергетика. 3. Разработка процедуры подбора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома. 4. Проверка алгоритма подбора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома в России. 5. Определение экономических показателей системы энергоснабжения индивидуального дома с нулевым потреблением энергии для каждого из трех выбранных регионов. Проанализировав существующие концепции энергоэффективных домов и использование возобновляемых источников энергии на территории России, было решено, что необходимо предложить такую концепцию энергоснабжения пассивного дома, которая включает в себя совместную работу геотермального насоса и солнечных панелей. На основании оценки эффективности солнечной и геотермальной энергетики был разработан алгоритм побора эффективной системы энергоснабжения дома с нулевым потреблением энергии. Далее была произведена проверка алгоритма побора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома для трех выбранных регионов, расположенных в России. С помощью сайта Photovoltaic geographical information system были выбраны три города, где наиболее оптимально устанавливать солнечные панели: Владивосток, Иркутск и Петропавловск-Камчатский. Для частных домов c площадью отапливаемых помещений 90 м2, расположенных во Владивостоке, Иркутске и Петропавловске-Камчатском была подобрана геотермальная и солнечная установка, а также рассчитана стоимость данного оборудования и его сроки окупаемости. Кроме того, было определено экономически оптимальное количество солнечных панелей для трех рассматриваемых городов. This work is devoted to the development of the concept of energy supply for an individual house with zero energy consumption, taking into account the climatic indicators of the construction area. The research set the following goals: 1. Systematization and analysis of existing research in the field of energy efficient housing construction. 2. Assessment of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, air and geothermal energy. 3. Development of a procedure for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house. 4. Checking the algorithm for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house in Russia. 5. Determination of economic indicators of the energy supply system of an individual house with zero energy consumption for each of the three selected regions. After analyzing the existing concepts of energy efficient houses and the use of renewable energy sources in Russia, it was decided to propose such a concept for the energy supply of a passive house, which includes the combined work of a geothermal pump and solar panels. Based on the evaluation of the efficiency of solar and geothermal energy, an algorithm for selecting an efficient energy supply system for a house with zero energy consumption was developed. Next, the algorithm for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house was tested for three selected regions located in Russia. With the Photovoltaic geographical information system website, three cities were selected where it is most optimal to install solar panels: Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. For private houses with a heated area of 90 m2, located in Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, a geothermal and solar installation was selected, and the cost of this equipment and its payback period were calculated. In addition, the economically optimal number of solar panels for the three cities under consideration was determined.

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  • Environment is a generalized concept that characterizes the natural conditions of a certain area and its ecological state. In order to assess the harm from greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of their impact on the environment. Currently, greenhouse gas emissions and their regulation are one of the global problems of industrial enterprises that undertake and implement various approaches and mechanisms to address the negative impact of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Окружающая среда - обобщённое понятие, характеризующее природные условия некоторой местности и её экологическое состояние. Для того чтобы оценить вред от эмиссии парниковых газов, необходимо разобраться в самом механизме воздействия их на окружающую среду. В настоящее время выбросы парниковых газов и их регулирование являются одной из глобальных проблем промышленных предприятий, которые предпринимают и внедряют различные подходы и механизмы для решения негативного влияния выбросов в атмосферу. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 6 (155) 2023, Pages 260-267

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    В статье обоснована необходимость развития возобновляемых источников энергии, где наиболее перспективным направлением определено строительство солнечных электростанций. Проведен анализ существующих мощностей на основе возобновляемой энергии в рамках всего Мирового хозяйства за последние годы, при этом установлены основные направления инновационного развития солнечной энергетики. По результатам исследования было выявлено наличие активной инновационной деятельности в области солнечной энергетики, определены основные ее преимущества как относительно традиционных способов выработки энергии, так и прочих возобновляемых источников энергии. Данное исследование позволило сделать вывод, что регулярному использованию экологически чистых источников энергии препятствуют существенные материальные затраты. The article substantiates the necessity in developing renewable energy sources, where the construction of solar power plants are considered the most promising direction. The study conducts an analysis of the existing capacities based on renewable energy in the entire world economy in recent years, while also establishing the main directions of innovative development of solar energy. The results of the study determine the presence of active innovative activities in the field of solar energy, identifies its main advantages both in relation to traditional methods of energy generation and other renewable energy sources. This study allowed the authors to conclude that the regular use of environmentally friendly energy sources is hindered by significant material costs. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 6 (108) 2021, Pages 129-131

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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    Climate change in the world is affecting the growing shortage of fresh water. States in the Mediterranean region that have already experienced the effects of these changes need to take the climate factor into account when managing water resources. Using the example of the Republic of Cyprus, specific adaptation measures were studied and evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness, sustainability in the face of climate change uncertainty and their sustainability in the environmental, socio-economic sectors, as well as potential barriers and risks associated with the implementation of adaptation. The presented review showed that many of the measures taken, which are considered to address the impact of climate change on water resources, increase the adaptive capacity of the water sector, but its overall vulnerability remains high, as water demand is still not met in certain areas and / or for certain uses during a drought.

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  • Горнодобывающая промышленность России находится в процессе трансформации под влиянием перехода к низкоуглеродной экономике, которая содержит в себе, как возможности, так и угрозы для ее развития. На сегодняшний момент необходимы дополнительные исследования, позволяющие определились стратегии устойчивого развития горнодобывающей промышленности и ее перспективы в новых условиях функционирования. Целью исследования является выявление особенностей развития горнодобывающей промышленности в условиях перехода к низкоуглеродной экономике и нахождение стратегий ее дальнейшего устойчивого развития. Задачами исследования являются анализ текущего состояния горнодобывающей промышленности; определение влияния процесса перехода к низкоуглеродной экономике на горнодобывающую промышленность России; формирование сценариев развития горнодобывающей промышленности в условиях перехода к низкоуглеродной экономике. В качестве методов авторами были использованы компаративный анализ, статистический анализ, обобщение и сравнение, а также метод сценариев. Результатом исследования является перечень основных факторов, влияющих на развития российской горнодобывающей промышленности в условиях перехода к низкоуглеродной экономике и предложения по ее стратегическому развитию. Авторы делают вывод, что главным фактором является тенденция повышения спроса на возобновляемые источники энергии и предлагают сценарии развития горнодобывающей промышленности. The Russian mining industry is currently characterized by adaptation to the low-carbon economy principles, which contains both opportunities and threats for its development. Additional research is needed to determine the strategies for the sustainable development of the mining industry at the present moment and to reduce the negative impact of the global decarbonization policy. As a goal, the authors highlight the finding such special characteristics of the Russian mining sector that are in the conditions of transition to a low-carbon economy and finding strategies for its further sustainable development. The authors set the following tasks: to assess the Russian mining sector as an object of a low-carbon economy; to identify factors that have a strong influence on the transition to a low-carbon economy on the Russian mining industry; scenarios formation for the mining industry development in the conditions of transition to a low-carbon economy. The author used comparative analysis, statistical analysis, generalization and comparison as methods, as well as the scenario method. The result of the study is a list of the main factors affecting the Russian mining industry development in the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy and proposals for its strategic development. As a conclusion, the authors propose to identify the trend of increasing demand for renewable energy sources as the main reason for changes in the mining sector and propose scenarios for the mining industry development.

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    Human Progress
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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Технологии устойчивого развития для повышения энергоэффективности здания при реконструкции». Работа посвящена доказательству эффективного использования энергосберегающих мероприятий при сохранении окружающей среды и ресурсов в условиях реконструкции зданий прошлого века. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: Анализ отечественного и зарубежного опыта по использованию устойчивых технологий при реконструкции зданий; Разработка алгоритма действия по подбору мероприятий при реконструкции с применением принципа экоустойчивости. Разработка состава ограждающих конструкций и покрытий на основании технико-экономических и экологических показателей проекта реконструкции, определение класса энергоэффективности здания; Разработка рекомендаций по улучшению энергетической эффективности с применением устойчивых технологий с минимальным воздействием на окружающую среду. Ð’ рамках работы был проведен анализ, доказывающий актуальность проблемы использования экоустойчивой реконструкции, которая органично вписывается в окружающую среду и способствуют устойчивому развитию территорий. Разрабо­тан алгоритм подхода к выбору мероприятий при реконструкции, с применением программных комплексов для энергомоделирования. А также проведен сравни­тельный анализ программных средств, позволяющих определить воздействие угле­родного следа на разных этапах проектирования. На основании выработанного подхода предложен проект реконструкции административного здания, располо­женного в г. Оренбург. Предложен комплекс мер, повышающих энергетическую эффективность объекта. The topic of the final qualifying work: "Sustainable development technologies for improving the energy efficiency of a building during reconstruction". The work is devoted to proving the effective use of energy-saving measures while preserving the environment and resources in the conditions of reconstruction of buildings of the last century. Tasks that were solved during the study: Analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the use of sustainable technologies in the reconstruction of buildings; Development of an action algorithm for the selection of measures during reconstruction using the principle of environmental sustainability; Development of the composition of enclosing structures and coatings based on the technical, economic and environmental indicators of the reconstruction project, determination of the energy efficiency class of the building; Development of recommendations for improving energy efficiency using sustainable technologies with minimal environmental impact. As part of the work, an analysis was carried out proving the relevance of the problem of using eco-sustainable reconstruction, which organically fits into the environment and contributes to the sustainable development of territories. An algorithm of approach to the selection of measures during reconstruction, using software systems for energy modeling, has been developed. Also, a comparative analysis of software tools was carried out to determine the impact of the carbon footprint at different stages of design. Based on the developed approach, a project for the reconstruction of an administrative building located in Orenburg. A set of measures that increase the energy efficiency of the facility is proposed.

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  • The article provides a comparative analysis of the development of thermal power engineering. In terms of their level, thermal power plants are morally and physically obsolete. Such low efficiency thermal power industry is the result of a complex of negative factors: the old age of the existing plants, the low quality of the produced steam, low-quality coal, production discipline in operation and maintenance, as well as the refusal to introduce new technologies. The efficiency of converting primary fuel and energy resources into electricity at thermal power plants was 33%, while the EU average is 39% (only other hard coals are taken into account). В статье анализируются изменения в мировом энергетическом секторе в плоть до 2026 года. Планируется революционный путь изменения структуры производства электроэнергии. Однако ЕС-2035 не делит свои объемы по исходным топливно-энергетическим ресурсам и возобновляемым источникам энергии. Вышеизложенное ставит под сомнение возможность балансировки спроса и предложения в будущем. Бурное развитие негарантированной возобновляемой генерации электроэнергии (солнечной и ветровой), зависящей от погодных условий, не поддерживается маневровыми мощностями тепловой энергии, в том числе с использованием биомассы. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 3 (152) 2023, Pages 663-666

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    Authors: Valery Fedorov; Denis Frolov; Ekaterina Fedorova;

    Based on the calculations of the Earth's insolation, changes in the annual meridional insolation gradient were determined in the period from 3000 BC to 2999. Changes in the meridional insolation gradient are associated with changes in the angle of inclination of the Earth's rotation axis. Based on the regression model, it is shown that the trends of changes in the near-surface air temperature and ocean surface temperature (the temperature regime of the global climate) by 69.3-84.1% are determined by the insolation contrast. The insolation contrast generically (by radiative heat source and sink regions) reflects long-term changes in the meridional gradient of insolation, which regulates the intensity of meridional radiative heat transfer in the ocean–atmosphere system.

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  • В последние десятилетия экологическая проблема приняла глобальный характер и требует консолидации мирового сообщества. Возникающие экологические угрозы становятся все более опасными для человечества, поэтому требуются усилия всех государств для предотвращения негативных последствий изменения окружающей среды. В данной статье рассматривается деятельность международных акторов в сфере обеспечения экологической безопасности. Авторами проведен сравнительный анализ правовых основ и национальных особенностей политики экологической безопасности Дании, США и России, рассмотрены примеры использования возобновляемых источников энергии, направленных на минимизацию экологических рисков, выявлены проблемы и определены перспективы реализации экологической политики в условиях перехода к «зеленой энергетике». In recent decades, the environmental problem has become global in nature and requires the consolidation of the world community. Emerging environmental threats are becoming more and more dangerous for humanity, therefore efforts of all states are required to prevent the negative consequences of environmental change. This article examines the activities of international actors in the field of ensuring environmental safety. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the legal framework and national characteristics of environmental safety policies in Denmark, the USA and Russia, examined examples of the use of renewable energy sources aimed at minimizing environmental risks, identified problems and identified prospects for the implementation of environmental policy in the context of the transition to “green energy”.

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    Authors: Galina, Bityaeva; Mergen, Sangadzhiev;

    The Republic of Kalmykia is rich in solar energy, where the sun shines for more than three-quarters of a year. In addition to solar energy, wind energy can be used in the region. Since agriculture is the major branch of the economy in the Republic, waste from it can be used as biogas. This paper discusses the use of renewable energy sources in protected areas where additional noise devices and aggregates cannot be used. Also, the use of high-voltage power lines can lead to fires, and they occupy part of the useful area of nature reserves, so additional maintenance is required. To solve this problem, we analyzed the current state of the reserve for the protection of saiga lands in Kalmykia. The questions of insolation depending on the seasons and day-night characteristics are also investigated. The materials were the results of expedition routes conducted in recent years in the Black Lands reserve, data from cordons. The obtained materials will make it possible to use non-traditional types of energy for lighting cordons, hunting and tourist areas, in particular, the use of solar modules of different designs. To promote specially protected areas and the use of solar energy.

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  • Данная работа посвящена разработке концепции энергоснабжения индивидуального дома с нулевым потреблением энергии, учитывающей климатические показатели района строительства. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: 1. Систематизация и анализ существующих исследований в области объектов энергоэффективного жилищного строительства. 2. Оценка возобновляемых источников энергии, таких как солнечная, ветровая, воздушная и геотермальная энергетика. 3. Разработка процедуры подбора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома. 4. Проверка алгоритма подбора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома в России. 5. Определение экономических показателей системы энергоснабжения индивидуального дома с нулевым потреблением энергии для каждого из трех выбранных регионов. Проанализировав существующие концепции энергоэффективных домов и использование возобновляемых источников энергии на территории России, было решено, что необходимо предложить такую концепцию энергоснабжения пассивного дома, которая включает в себя совместную работу геотермального насоса и солнечных панелей. На основании оценки эффективности солнечной и геотермальной энергетики был разработан алгоритм побора эффективной системы энергоснабжения дома с нулевым потреблением энергии. Далее была произведена проверка алгоритма побора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома для трех выбранных регионов, расположенных в России. С помощью сайта Photovoltaic geographical information system были выбраны три города, где наиболее оптимально устанавливать солнечные панели: Владивосток, Иркутск и Петропавловск-Камчатский. Для частных домов c площадью отапливаемых помещений 90 м2, расположенных во Владивостоке, Иркутске и Петропавловске-Камчатском была подобрана геотермальная и солнечная установка, а также рассчитана стоимость данного оборудования и его сроки окупаемости. Кроме того, было определено экономически оптимальное количество солнечных панелей для трех рассматриваемых городов. This work is devoted to the development of the concept of energy supply for an individual house with zero energy consumption, taking into account the climatic indicators of the construction area. The research set the following goals: 1. Systematization and analysis of existing research in the field of energy efficient housing construction. 2. Assessment of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, air and geothermal energy. 3. Development of a procedure for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house. 4. Checking the algorithm for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house in Russia. 5. Determination of economic indicators of the energy supply system of an individual house with zero energy consumption for each of the three selected regions. After analyzing the existing concepts of energy efficient houses and the use of renewable energy sources in Russia, it was decided to propose such a concept for the energy supply of a passive house, which includes the combined work of a geothermal pump and solar panels. Based on the evaluation of the efficiency of solar and geothermal energy, an algorithm for selecting an efficient energy supply system for a house with zero energy consumption was developed. Next, the algorithm for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house was tested for three selected regions located in Russia. With the Photovoltaic geographical information system website, three cities were selected where it is most optimal to install solar panels: Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. For private houses with a heated area of 90 m2, located in Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, a geothermal and solar installation was selected, and the cost of this equipment and its payback period were calculated. In addition, the economically optimal number of solar panels for the three cities under consideration was determined.

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  • Environment is a generalized concept that characterizes the natural conditions of a certain area and its ecological state. In order to assess the harm from greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of their impact on the environment. Currently, greenhouse gas emissions and their regulation are one of the global problems of industrial enterprises that undertake and implement various approaches and mechanisms to address the negative impact of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Окружающая среда - обобщённое понятие, характеризующее природные условия некоторой местности и её экологическое состояние. Для того чтобы оценить вред от эмиссии парниковых газов, необходимо разобраться в самом механизме воздействия их на окружающую среду. В настоящее время выбросы парниковых газов и их регулирование являются одной из глобальных проблем промышленных предприятий, которые предпринимают и внедряют различные подходы и механизмы для решения негативного влияния выбросов в атмосферу. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 6 (155) 2023, Pages 260-267

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    В статье обоснована необходимость развития возобновляемых источников энергии, где наиболее перспективным направлением определено строительство солнечных электростанций. Проведен анализ существующих мощностей на основе возобновляемой энергии в рамках всего Мирового хозяйства за последние годы, при этом установлены основные направления инновационного развития солнечной энергетики. По результатам исследования было выявлено наличие активной инновационной деятельности в области солнечной энергетики, определены основные ее преимущества как относительно традиционных способов выработки энергии, так и прочих возобновляемых источников энергии. Данное исследование позволило сделать вывод, что регулярному использованию экологически чистых источников энергии препятствуют существенные материальные затраты. The article substantiates the necessity in developing renewable energy sources, where the construction of solar power plants are considered the most promising direction. The study conducts an analysis of the existing capacities based on renewable energy in the entire world economy in recent years, while also establishing the main directions of innovative development of solar energy. The results of the study determine the presence of active innovative activities in the field of solar energy, identifies its main advantages both in relation to traditional methods of energy generation and other renewable energy sources. This study allowed the authors to conclude that the regular use of environmentally friendly energy sources is hindered by significant material costs. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 6 (108) 2021, Pages 129-131

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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    Climate change in the world is affecting the growing shortage of fresh water. States in the Mediterranean region that have already experienced the effects of these changes need to take the climate factor into account when managing water resources. Using the example of the Republic of Cyprus, specific adaptation measures were studied and evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness, sustainability in the face of climate change uncertainty and their sustainability in the environmental, socio-economic sectors, as well as potential barriers and risks associated with the implementation of adaptation. The presented review showed that many of the measures taken, which are considered to address the impact of climate change on water resources, increase the adaptive capacity of the water sector, but its overall vulnerability remains high, as water demand is still not met in certain areas and / or for certain uses during a drought.

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  • Горнодобывающая промышленность России находится в процессе трансформации под влиянием перехода к низкоуглеродной экономике, которая содержит в себе, как возможности, так и угрозы для ее развития. На сегодняшний момент необходимы дополнительные исследования, позволяющие определились стратегии устойчивого развития горнодобывающей промышленности и ее перспективы в новых условиях функционирования. Целью исследования является выявление особенностей развития горнодобывающей промышленности в условиях перехода к низкоуглеродной экономике и нахождение стратегий ее дальнейшего устойчивого развития. Задачами исследования являются анализ текущего состояния горнодобывающей промышленности; определение влияния процесса перехода к низкоуглеродной экономике на горнодобывающую промышленность России; формирование сценариев развития горнодобывающей промышленности в условиях перехода к низкоуглеродной экономике. В качестве методов авторами были использованы компаративный анализ, статистический анализ, обобщение и сравнение, а также метод сценариев. Результатом исследования является перечень основных факторов, влияющих на развития российской горнодобывающей промышленности в условиях перехода к низкоуглеродной экономике и предложения по ее стратегическому развитию. Авторы делают вывод, что главным фактором является тенденция повышения спроса на возобновляемые источники энергии и предлагают сценарии развития горнодобывающей промышленности. The Russian mining industry is currently characterized by adaptation to the low-carbon economy principles, which contains both opportunities and threats for its development. Additional research is needed to determine the strategies for the sustainable development of the mining industry at the present moment and to reduce the negative impact of the global decarbonization policy. As a goal, the authors highlight the finding such special characteristics of the Russian mining sector that are in the conditions of transition to a low-carbon economy and finding strategies for its further sustainable development. The authors set the following tasks: to assess the Russian mining sector as an object of a low-carbon economy; to identify factors that have a strong influence on the transition to a low-carbon economy on the Russian mining industry; scenarios formation for the mining industry development in the conditions of transition to a low-carbon economy. The author used comparative analysis, statistical analysis, generalization and comparison as methods, as well as the scenario method. The result of the study is a list of the main factors affecting the Russian mining industry development in the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy and proposals for its strategic development. As a conclusion, the authors propose to identify the trend of increasing demand for renewable energy sources as the main reason for changes in the mining sector and propose scenarios for the mining industry development.

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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Технологии устойчивого развития для повышения энергоэффективности здания при реконструкции». Работа посвящена доказательству эффективного использования энергосберегающих мероприятий при сохранении окружающей среды и ресурсов в условиях реконструкции зданий прошлого века. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: Анализ отечественного и зарубежного опыта по использованию устойчивых технологий при реконструкции зданий; Разработка алгоритма действия по подбору мероприятий при реконструкции с применением принципа экоустойчивости. Разработка состава ограждающих конструкций и покрытий на основании технико-экономических и экологических показателей проекта реконструкции, определение класса энергоэффективности здания; Разработка рекомендаций по улучшению энергетической эффективности с применением устойчивых технологий с минимальным воздействием на окружающую среду. Ð’ рамках работы был проведен анализ, доказывающий актуальность проблемы использования экоустойчивой реконструкции, которая органично вписывается в окружающую среду и способствуют устойчивому развитию территорий. Разрабо­тан алгоритм подхода к выбору мероприятий при реконструкции, с применением программных комплексов для энергомоделирования. А также проведен сравни­тельный анализ программных средств, позволяющих определить воздействие угле­родного следа на разных этапах проектирования. На основании выработанного подхода предложен проект реконструкции административного здания, располо­женного в г. Оренбург. Предложен комплекс мер, повышающих энергетическую эффективность объекта. The topic of the final qualifying work: "Sustainable development technologies for improving the energy efficiency of a building during reconstruction". The work is devoted to proving the effective use of energy-saving measures while preserving the environment and resources in the conditions of reconstruction of buildings of the last century. Tasks that were solved during the study: Analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the use of sustainable technologies in the reconstruction of buildings; Development of an action algorithm for the selection of measures during reconstruction using the principle of environmental sustainability; Development of the composition of enclosing structures and coatings based on the technical, economic and environmental indicators of the reconstruction project, determination of the energy efficiency class of the building; Development of recommendations for improving energy efficiency using sustainable technologies with minimal environmental impact. As part of the work, an analysis was carried out proving the relevance of the problem of using eco-sustainable reconstruction, which organically fits into the environment and contributes to the sustainable development of territories. An algorithm of approach to the selection of measures during reconstruction, using software systems for energy modeling, has been developed. Also, a comparative analysis of software tools was carried out to determine the impact of the carbon footprint at different stages of design. Based on the developed approach, a project for the reconstruction of an administrative building located in Orenburg. A set of measures that increase the energy efficiency of the facility is proposed.

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  • The article provides a comparative analysis of the development of thermal power engineering. In terms of their level, thermal power plants are morally and physically obsolete. Such low efficiency thermal power industry is the result of a complex of negative factors: the old age of the existing plants, the low quality of the produced steam, low-quality coal, production discipline in operation and maintenance, as well as the refusal to introduce new technologies. The efficiency of converting primary fuel and energy resources into electricity at thermal power plants was 33%, while the EU average is 39% (only other hard coals are taken into account). В статье анализируются изменения в мировом энергетическом секторе в плоть до 2026 года. Планируется революционный путь изменения структуры производства электроэнергии. Однако ЕС-2035 не делит свои объемы по исходным топливно-энергетическим ресурсам и возобновляемым источникам энергии. Вышеизложенное ставит под сомнение возможность балансировки спроса и предложения в будущем. Бурное развитие негарантированной возобновляемой генерации электроэнергии (солнечной и ветровой), зависящей от погодных условий, не поддерживается маневровыми мощностями тепловой энергии, в том числе с использованием биомассы. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 3 (152) 2023, Pages 663-666

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    Authors: Valery Fedorov; Denis Frolov; Ekaterina Fedorova;

    Based on the calculations of the Earth's insolation, changes in the annual meridional insolation gradient were determined in the period from 3000 BC to 2999. Changes in the meridional insolation gradient are associated with changes in the angle of inclination of the Earth's rotation axis. Based on the regression model, it is shown that the trends of changes in the near-surface air temperature and ocean surface temperature (the temperature regime of the global climate) by 69.3-84.1% are determined by the insolation contrast. The insolation contrast generically (by radiative heat source and sink regions) reflects long-term changes in the meridional gradient of insolation, which regulates the intensity of meridional radiative heat transfer in the ocean–atmosphere system.

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