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Современное и перспективное развитие морского флота неразрывно связано с безопасностью мореплавания, которое обеспечивается безотказным и надежным функционированием систем жизнеобеспечения и судового оборудования. В связи с этим возникает необходимость в развитии современных методов оперативной диагностики для контроля технического состояния оборудования. Тепловизионная диагностика является признанным методом оценки технического состояния оборудования на энергетических предприятиях, однако на судах рыбопромыслового флота и береговых предприятиях систематическая тепловизионная диагностика практически не используется. Применение методов количественной термографии обусловлено необходимостью выявления дефектов электрои теплоэнергетических устройств на ранней стадии непосредственно в режиме эксплуатации. Разрабатываемая система тепловизионных испытаний различных систем, объектов или материалов объединяет различные методы (электрофизические, оптические) и реализуется в комплексе с тепловыми, электрическими, химическими испытаниями. Представлены основные этапы применения системы технического контроля судовых устройств и средств на основе методов количественной термографии. Метод тепловизионного обследования электротехнического оборудования в целом представляет собой совокупность мероприятий, необходимых для проведения испытаний и выработки адекватной экспертной оценки. Рассмотрены примеры применения тепловизионной техники на морских судах, приведены результаты тепловизионных испытаний на примере анализа состояния судовых кабельных трасс. Представлены материалы испытаний кабельных трасс с учетом анализа твердости шланговой изоляции и изоляции жилы. Анализ результатов позволит определить срок службы кабельных трасс и выработать рекомендации при дефектации и замене оборудования. Modern and perspective development of navy is inseparably connected with safety of the navigation provided with trouble-free and reliable functioning of life support systems and the ship equipment. In this regard the development of modern methods of expeditious diagnostics for control of technical condition of the equipment is actual. Thermal diagnostics is a recognized method of technical condition assessment of the equipment at the power plants, but the systematic IR-diagnostics is almost never used on the vessels of fishing fleet and shore facilities. The application of the methods of quantitative thermal imaging is conditioned with the necessity of detection of defects of power and heat engineering apparatus at the initial stage directly in the operating modes of exploitation. The developed system of thermal imaging tests of different systems, objects or materials combines different methods (electrophysical, optical) and is actualized as a complex with thermal, electrical and chemical tests. The major stages of using the system of technical control of marine equipment and apparatus based on the methods of quantitative thermal imaging technology. The method of thermal imaging inspection of electrical equipment is considered as a complex of the measures necessary for the tests and proper expert assessment. The examples of the use of the thermal imaging technology for vessels are considered, the results of thermal testing on the example of the analysis of the marine cable routing are given. The results of the tests of cable routing based on the analysis of the hardness of the hose and core insulation are presented. The analysis of the results will help define the lifetime of cable routing and give recommendations while inspecting and replacing the equipment.

The current state of the macrozoobenthos in the pseudolittoral zone of the Kazachya Bay was studied and a comparative analysis of its qualitative composition and quantitative indicators was carried out in different periods and seasons of the research. In 2007–2010 and 2021–2022, 86 macrozoobenthos species from different taxa: Polychaeta (36 species), Crustacea (33), Mollusca (13), Platyhelminthes, Oligochaeta, Chironomidae and Nemertea were found. By 2022, their number increased by 1.6 times. Moreover, 38 species of hydrobionts were added to the list. Fourteen species of macrozoobenthos were identified only in 2007–2010. Average values of abundance and biomass of macrozoobenthos in 2007–2010 varied from 774±176 to 4051±306 ind./m2 and from 0.585±0.216 to 12.57±0.033 g/m2, respectively. In 2021- 2022, they varied from 24±17 to 7352±3514 individuals/m2 and from 0.021±0.016 to 18.945±11.557 g/m2, respectively. In both periods, maximum abundance of macrozoobenthos formed by Polychaeta was registered in summer. In 2007–2010, the maximum biomass of macrozoobenthos was registered in summer, and in 2021–2022 it was observed in autumn. Mollusks made a significant contribution to this indicator in both periods. The trophic structure of macrozoobenthos is represented by polyphages, phytophages, detritophages and carnivores. In 2007–2010, oligochaetes were registered in 43 % of the samples in winter; H. acuta (Draparnaud, 1805), which belongs to plant detritivores, was the dominanhe species from April to September. In 2021–2022, the largest number of mass species was registered in the autumn-winter period, and S. papillocercus Bobretzky, 1872 dominated there. In spring and summer, polychaetes Capitella capitata (Fabricius, 1780), Salvatoria clavate (Claparиde, 1863), Microphthalmus fragilis Bobretzky, 1870 and amphipod Pectenogammarus foxi (Schellenberg, 1928) - representatives of polyphagous and phytophagous species - dominated in terms of occurrence. Changes in the number and taxonomic diversity of mass species with different feeding types in different seasons can be associated with the breeding season of hydrobionts and changes in the food supply. 

The article analyzes the management of water resources in coastal areas. Most stations are characterized by a significant negative precipitation trend in winter and a positive annual trend of mixed and liquid precipitation with an increase in their share in the autumn months. The presence of statistically significant positive trends in river runoff in the autumn-winter period was established for 51 hydrological posts. We assume that the increase in low water is mainly due to the transition of the type of precipitation from solid to liquid and the corresponding increase in runoff in September, continuing in subsequent months. As a result of climate change, there are pronounced transformations of the hydrological regime, especially affecting the territory of the North-East of Russia. В статье анализируется управление водными ресурсами на прибрежных участках. Для большинства станций характерен значительный отрицательный тренд осадков зимой и положительный годовой тренд смешанных и жидких осадков с увеличением их доли в осенние месяцы. Наличие статистически значимых положительных трендов речного стока в осенне-зимний период установлено по 51 гидрологическому посту. Мы предполагаем, что увеличение межени в основном связано с переходом типа осадков от твердых к жидким и соответствующим увеличением стока в сентябре, продолжающимся в последующие месяцы. В результате климатических изменений происходят ярко выраженные трансформации гидрологического режима, особенно затрагивающие территорию Северо-Востока России. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 3 (152) 2023, Pages 650-653

This paper reports the results of a study of zooplankton in the Kem and Kovda rivers and their tributaries. The planktonic fauna of the rivers includes 71 species (27 Rotatoria, 30 Cladocera, and 14 Copepoda). The goal of the study was to identify and describe any differences in the species composition and abundance of zooplankton in the rivers. It was shown that zooplankton in rivers with a substantial catchment area and a relatively high proportion of lakes had the highest species diversity of the fauna and the highest values of quantitative indexes. Water quality was asessed in some of the watercourses using zooplankton organisms as indicator species. Представлены результаты исследований зоопланктона рек Кемь, Ковда и их притоков. В составе зоопланктона определены 72 вида: коловраток 27, кладоцер 31 и копепод 14. Полученные данные указывают на гетерогенность видового состава и количественных характеристик зоопланктона в реках. Показано, что зоопланктон водотоков, отличающихся высокой озерностью и площадью водосборов, более разнообразен в видовом отношении и характеризуется наибольшими количественными показателями. Проведена оценка качества вод некоторых водотоков по индикаторным организмам зоопланктона. №4(7) (2020)

During last several years the Caspian region has to face the integration into global international process. Long and hard process of globalization is connected not only with the dissolution of the USSR and the emergence of new regional players, but also the desire of extra-regional countries to participate, monitor and control all aspects of life in this region, including energy potential, transport, cultural, ecological and strategic issues. The situation is complicated by the uncertainty of the legal status and the conflict of interest of some extra-regional participants. Until recently, Caspian regional countries were not ready to solve old familiar aches without the biggest international players, such as the USA, China, EU etc. However the safety of the region requires decisions for the benefit of the region in the whole and each country separately.

In the article was considered species composition of fish in the littoral and sublittoral zones of Yarnyshnaya and Zelenetskaya bays (Barents Sea) during summer and autumn 2018. Also quantitative characteristics of the distribution for each fish species are represented. The dynamics of abundance and diversity of coastal fish communities were analyzed. At whole was discovered 14 species of fish and most abundent between them is young saithe Pollachius virens. Comparing of perennial data with 2018 indicates that at the present observed high abundance and domination of young saithe, but low indicators of biodiversity in coastal communities. Рассмотрен видовой состав ихтиофауны литоральносублиторальной зоны губ Ярнышная и Зеленецкая Баренцева моря в летнеосенний период 2018 г.,получены количественные характеристики распределения каждого вида рыб. Проанализирована динамика численности и разнообразия рыбной части прибрежных сообществ. Обнаружены 14 видов рыб, среди которых наиболее многочисленным и постоянным является молодь сайды Pollachius virens. В сравнении с многолетними данными 2018 г. характеризуется высокой численностью и степенью доминирования молоди тресковых видов и низкими показателями биоразнообразия прибрежных сообществ. №3 (2019)

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Fauna formation of caddis flies (Trichoptera) in the Yugyd Va National Park, which is located on west slopes of the Northern and sub-Polar Urals, depends on the geographical location of the park (high latitude, natural border between Europe and Asia), severe climate, serious geographical history of the area, and various ecological environmental factors in mountain rivers. Now, water fauna is strongly impacted not only by natural processes but also anthropogenically. Larvae of the ancient insect order – caddis flies – are the principle group of bottom invertebrates and the main nutrition source for fish in rivers of the Yugyd Va National Park. They take 35–50% total zoobenthos biomass in open water period. In winter typical species of caddis flies continue growth and development under ice: biomass of these hydrobionts at pupa stage attains 90% total bottom population biomass towards end winter-early spring. Fauna of caddis flies counts 59 species and varieties of 17 families and two suborders: Annulipalpia (21 species and varieties of 7 families) and Integripalpia (38 species and varieties of 10 families). The highest number of species (19) belongs to Limnephilidae family, the least 16 families have 1–5 species each. Trichoptera fauna of the park is of a holarctic-palearctic type with some northern and Siberian species. The similarity degree of Trichoptera fauna between water streams in the Northern and sub-Polar Urals comprises 69.7% (by Syerensen) and is conditioned by the genetic similarity of the areas, common hydrologic, hydrochemical, and thermal river regimes. Ecologically, Trichoptera fauna in the Yugyd Va National Park is dominated by cryophilous rheophilic and similar species which are highly sensitive to oxygen regime and water purity, and prefer stable solid grounds with vegetation. But here you can meet some species with a relatively broad ecological plasticity to several factors as they have to adapt to unstable hydrological conditions in mountain rivers. The majority of caddis flies in the park are oligosaprobes being highly sensitive to oxygen regime and water purity. Only few species are mesosaprobes which inhabit slightly polluted waters. In autumn-summer period, nutrition diet of the major fish species in water streams of the park, i.e. grayling and salmon, 35 species of caddis flies were found. One-three species of Trichoptera prevail in fish food by weight and they also dominate in benthos at that time of the year.

This work is devoted to the wave energy in the Caspian Sea analysis for the period from 1979 to 2020. Wave energy calculations were performed using the WAVEWATCH III wave model on an irregular grid with a step of up to 900 m in the coastal zone. Results are obtained on the spatial variability of the wave energy flux and its seasonal variability. The maximum values of the energy flux are about 5 kW/m of the wave front and appear in the central part of the Caspian Sea. Availability of wave energy of 1 kW/m in the central part of the Caspian Sea is 50-55%, in the northern part – no more than 20%, and in the southern part – 30-45%. The seasonal variability of the energy flux analysis for three points located in different parts of the sea has been carried out. Seasonal changes in the energy flow are most pronounced in the central part of the sea: in the summer months, the energy flow is 2-5 kW/m, and in winter it increases to 7-10 kW/m. The maximum average monthly flow of wave energy was 18.5 kW/m of the wave front.

To develop the natural resources of the Arctic it is, first of all, necessary to restore in full the functioning of the Northern Sea Route. The importance of the NSR as a unique transport artery is determined by economic needs, the need for industrial development of the Arctic region. This is the most important factor in ensuring economic security and national geopolitics of the country. Intensification of the operation of this route will create an efficient transit direction, stimulate business activities on the Russian Arctic coast and accelerate the development and revitalization of the northern territories. Reducing the area and thickness of the ice cover, due to climatic changes, leads to an increase in the attractiveness of transportation of goods along the route. However, consequences of climate change for the Northern Sea Route are ambiguous. The article considers both positive and negative climate impacts on navigation along the Northern Sea Route.To use the transport potential of the NSR in the context of the consequences of climate change in the Russian Arctic, it is necessary to establish the infrastructure, including construction of harbors, including those with large container terminals. A system for monitoring ice conditions in the waters of the SNR in real time, an efficient rescue infrastructure in case of emergency situations, fullscale ground navigation and hydrographic support are needed. All this is to be established taking into account the further changes in climatic conditions. Under the condition of normal functioning of the route, meeting the requirements of the domestic regulatory framework and the norms of international law for navigation safety, the development prospects of the NSR can be carried out. Для освоения природных богатств Арктики необходимо, прежде всего, восстановить в полном объеме функционирование Северного морского пути (СМП). Значение СМП как уникальной транспортной артерии обусловливается хозяйственными потребностями, необходимостью промышленного освоения арктического региона, это важнейший фактор обеспечения экономической безопасности, национальной геополитики страны. Интенсификация эксплуатации этого маршрута позволит создать эффективное транзитное направление, стимулировать деловую активность на российском арктическом побережье и ускорит освоение и возрождение северных территорий. Сокращение площади и толщины ледяного покрова, обусловленное климатическими изменениями, ведет к росту привлекательности транспортировки грузов по данному маршруту, но последствия изменений климата для СМП неоднозначны. Рассматривается позитивное и негативное влияние климата на судоходство по СМП.Для реализации транспортного потенциала СМП в контексте последствий климатических изменений в российской Арктике необходимо создание инфраструктуры, включая строительство портов, в том числе портов с крупными контейнерными терминалами. Необходима система мониторинга ледовой обстановки в акватории СМП в режиме реального времени действующая спасательная инфраструктура на случай экстренных ситуаций полноценное наземное навигационное и гидрографическое обеспечение. Создавать все это необходимо с учетом дальнейшего изменения климатических условий. При условии нормального функционирования трассы, которая будет отвечать требованиям отечественной нормативноправовой базы и нормам международного права по безопасности мореплавания, могут быть реализованы перспективы развития Северного морского пути. №2 (2019)