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  • Ð’ данной работе проведен анализ энергоэффективности использования конденсационных котлов отопления для объекта капитального строительства, расположенного по адресу г. Санкт-Петербург, улица Кораблестроителей, уч. 2, в зависимости от таких параметров системы: тип котла отопления, КПД, время работы системы в течение суток, энергозатраты. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: 1. Изучение технических особенностей газовых котлов отопления конденсационного и конвекционного типа, выявление преимуществ и недостатков. 2. Разработка методики расчета, в зависимости от типа используемого котла, энергоэффективности его применения в системе отопления общественного здания. 3. Выполнение расчета на основе среднестатистических данных. 4. Выявление общих закономерностей изменения сроков окупаемости при внедрении конденсационного котла в систему отопления здания. Ð’ результате были проанализированы преимущества и недостатки использования котлов обоих видов. Удалось доказать возможность снижения эксплуатационных затрат здания при внедрении конденсационного котла в систему отопления. Были получены основные закономерности изменения срока окупаемости в зависимости от времени работы в сутках системы, ее КПД. Разработанная методика оценки энергоэффективности может быть использована для оценки целесообразности внедрения газового конденсационного котла в систему отопления вне зависимости от типа здания, географического местоположения или от необходимых микроклиматических параметров внутри помещения. Для выполнения корректного расчета необходимо использовать следующие показатели: КПД установки, наружными и внутренними климатическими параметрами, стоимостью внедрения и обслуживания котла в систему отопления. In this paper, an analysis of the energy efficiency of the use of condensing heating boilers for a capital construction object located at the address of St. Petersburg, Korablestroiteley Street, uch. 2, depending on such system parameters is carried out: type of heating boiler, efficiency, operating time of the system during the day, energy consumption. Tasks that were solved in the course of the study: 1. Study of technical features of gas heating boilers of condensing and convection type, identification of advantages and disadvantages. 2. Development of a methodology for calculating, depending on the type of boiler used, the energy efficiency of its use in the heating system of a public building. 3. Performing the calculation based on the average statistical data. 4. Identification of general patterns of changes in the payback period when introducing a condensing boiler into the building heating system. As a result, the advantages and disadvantages of using both types of boilers were analyzed. It was possible to prove the possibility of reducing the operating costs of the building when introducing a condensing boiler into the heating system. The main patterns of changes in the payback period depending on the operating time in the day of the system, its efficiency were obtained. The developed methodology for assessing energy efficiency can be used to assess the feasibility of introducing a gas condensing boiler into the heating system, regardless of the type of building, geographical location or the necessary microclimatic parameters inside the room. To perform a correct calculation, you must use the following indicators:: The efficiency of the installation, external and internal climatic parameters, the cost of implementing and maintaining the boiler in the heating system.

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  • The article considers the power consumption of rural households in the Belgorod region. An assessment was made of the possibility of extending the results of the analysis to other areas of the “middle lane” of Russia. The indicators that allow a positive answer to the questions posed are considered. These are: long-term average wind speed; average long-term specific arrival of solar radiation on a horizontal area of 1 m2; per capita electricity consumption per villager; electricity consumption per 1 m2 of living space of a rural resident. In general, the data indicate a quite satisfactory representation of the results obtained for assessing the possibilities of power supply for households using renewable energy sources in the regions of the "middle lane" of Russia. The ratio of the maximum power consumption to the average power consumption for various averaging periods is determined: 10 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, by months of the year and year. The value of the ratio of these powers indicates the need to consider their overload capacity when choosing inverters, and batteries have limitations when charging and discharging. An assessment of the payback period of four options for power supply systems was carried out: two options based on wind turbines with connection to the grid and stand-alone, and two similar options based on photovoltaic modules. Prices for equipment are taken at the level of the beginning of 2018, that is, before the onset of the crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic, since calculations at the current constantly rising prices are completely meaningless. Дан анализ электропотребления сельского домовладения в Белгородской области. Определена возможность распространения результатов анализа на другие области средней полосы России. Рассмотрены показатели, позволяющие положительно ответить на поставленные вопросы. Таковыми являются: среднемноголетняя скорость ветра; среднемноголетний удельный приход солнечной радиации на горизонтальную площадку; душевое потребление электроэнергии на одного сельского жителя; потребление электроэнергии на 1_м2 жилой площади сельского дома. В целом данные указывают на вполне удовлетворительное представительство полученных результатов для оценки возможностей электроснабжения домовладения с использованием ВИЭ в областях средней полосы России. Определено отношение максимальной потребляемой мощности к средней годовой потребляемой мощности для различных периодов осреднения: 10_с, 1_мин, 5_мин. Это отношение необходимо учитывать при выборе инверторов, имея в виду их перегрузочную способность, а у аккумуляторных батарей учитывать ограничения при заряде и разряде. Определён простой срок окупаемости четырёх вариантов систем электроснабжения: два варианта на базе ветроэнергетической установки (ВЭУ) с присоединением к сети и в автономном режиме, и два аналогичных варианта на базе фотоэлектрических модулей. Электрические станции, Выпуск 3 2023, Pages 51-61

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  • В статье выявлены особенности обеспечения экономической безопасности предприятий топливно-энергетического комплекса северного ресурсодобывающего региона и их роль в обеспечении национальной безопасности. Рассмотрены основные подходы к трактовке понятия «экономическая безопасность предприятия» и их недостатки в современных условиях функционирования экономики. Предложен авторский подход к обеспечению экономической безопасности предприятий - сетевой, позволяющий своевременно выявлять угрозы и реализовывать возможности, повышать уровень инновационной активности, минимизировать трансакционные издержки. The article reveals the features of ensuring the economic security of the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of the northern resource-mining region and their role in ensuring national security. The main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "economic security of the enterprise" and their shortcomings in modern conditions of the functioning of the economy are considered. An author's approach to ensuring the economic security of enterprises is proposed - a network approach that allows timely identification of threats and realization of opportunities, increasing the level of innovative activity, and minimizing transaction costs.

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  • The monograph is devoted to the prospects for the development of the energy market in China in the context of increasing instability in the global energy sector, the imbalance of supply and demand for oil and natural gas and the large"scale development of the green agenda. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the new trend of the transition to the widespread use of renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels — the so"called energy transition as a new direction of global energy development, which has an impact on China. The transformations laid down in the energy transition entail changes in the energy policy of various countries. The author examines the external and internal dimensions of the modern energy policy of the country. It is stated that the broad gasification of the country is positioned as the leading strategic priority of China's modern energy policy, along with the development of renewable energy sources. The book also touches on the issues of China's energy policy in the context of Russian interests, including the active participation of Chinese companies in the development of the Arctic zone of Russia. The monograph contains a number of materials tested in the author's recent works published in 2020—2021. Here they are presented in an augmented form. Монография посвящена рассмотрению перспектив развития энергетического рынка в Китае в условиях нарастающей нестабильности в мировой энергетике, дисбаланса спроса и предложения на нефть и природный газ и масштабного развития зеленой повестки. Особое внимание уделено анализу нового тренда перехода к широкому использованию возобновляемых источников энергии вместо ископаемых видов топлива — так называемый энергетический переход как новое направление развития мировой энергетики, которое оказывает воздействие и на Китай. Преобразования, закладываемые в энергопереход, влекут за собой внесение изменений в энергетическую политику различных стран. Автор рассматривает внешнее и внутреннее измерения современной энергетической политики страны. Констатируется, что в качестве ведущего стратегического приоритета современной энергетической политики Китая, наряду с развитием возобновляемых источников энергии, позиционируется широкая газификация страны. В книге затрагиваются и вопросы энергетической политики Китая в контексте российских интересов, включая активное участие китайских компаний в освоении арктической зоны России. Монография содержит ряд материалов, апробированных в недавних работах автора, опубликованных в 2020—2021 гг. Здесь они представлены в дополненном виде.

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  • The possibility of creating and using an integrated complex sensor measuring the temperature and humidity in a greenhouse is considered. The experimental data of temperature measurement by various sensors in the greenhouse and graphs characterizing the operation of the control system of this coordinate according to the readings of the standard sensors are given. Analysis of the data shows the presence of scatter readings, including regular sensors. Based on this, it is concluded that it is expedient to modernize the measurement process. It is proposed to use the dependence of the attenuation coefficient of sound on temperature and humidity to create an integrated complex sensor. The advantages of using the proposed sensor are substantiated. An algorithm for finding the measured values is given. A technique for selecting the frequency of sound vibrations is shown, taking into account the specific conditions of the sensor application. The positive effect is achieved by increasing the information content of the data and the possibility of improving accuracy by increasing the frequency of measurements. The calculations showing the energy and economic efficiency when using the proposed integrated sensor are given. Рассматривается возможность создания и эффективность применения интегрального комплексного датчика измерения температуры и влажности в теплице. Приводятся экспериментальные данные измерения температуры различными датчиками в теплице и графики, характеризующие работу системы управления этой координатой по показаниям штатных датчиков. Анализ приведенных данных показывает наличие разброса показаний, в том числе штатных датчиков. На основании этого делается вывод о целесообразности модернизации процесса измерения. Предлагается использовать зависимость коэффициента затухания звука от температуры и влажности для создания интегрального комплексного датчика. Обосновываются преимущества применения предлагаемого датчика. Приводится алгоритм нахождения измеряемых величин. Показана методика выбора частоты звуковых колебаний с учетом конкретных условий применения датчика. Положительный эффект достигается за счет повышения информативности полученных данных и возможности повышения точности за счет увеличения частоты измерений. Приводятся расчеты, показывающие энергетическую и экономическую эффективность при использовании предлагаемого интегрального датчика. №4 (2019)

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  • В связи с неустойчивой ситуацией на мировом рынке нефти уголь становится основным источником органического сырья для химической и металлургической промышленности. Ископаемые угли способны накапливать значительное количество элементов и примесей, нередко достигающих промышленно значимых концентраций. Ресурсы скандия и других редких элементов только в угольных месторождениях Сибири способны обеспечить его мировые потребности на несколько десятилетий. В работе решаются комплексные задачи, связанные с извлечением оксидов металлов по разработанной схеме обогащения для обеспечения необходимого уровня термопластичности, который определяет качество и характеристики металлургического кокса.В лабораторных условиях проведены опыты по обогащению высокозольных углей, содержащих в своем составе наибольшее количество металлов. При помощи модернизированного пластометра Гизелера определены значения термопластичности. При современных технологиях и оборудовании на базе отдельных месторождений можно создать рентабельное производство обогащенных коксующихся углей при попутном извлечении редких металлов. Доказано, что наиболее перспективно извлечение из углей скандия и комплекса редких металлов в виде оксидов. As the world oil market tends to be highly volatile, the coal becomes a primary source of organic raw materials for chemical and metallurgical industries. Fossil coals can accumulate high amounts of elements and mixtures quite often reaching commercially valuable concentrations. Reserves of scandium and other rare elements in coal deposits in Siberia alone are sufficient to satisfy the expected global demand for several decades. This study is intended to solve complex tasks associated with extraction of metal oxides using the developed enrichment method to ensure the required thermal plasticity determining the quality and properties of metallurgical coke.Laboratory experiments have been conducted for the enrichment of high-ash coals containing the highest concentrations of metals. Thermal plasticity values have been determined with the help of Gieseler plastometer . Using modern technologies and equipment individual deposits can be turned into profitable production of enriched coking coals with concurrent extraction of rare metals. It has been proven that the highest commercial potential lies with the extraction of scandium and some other rare metals in the form of oxides from the coal.. №4 (220) (2017)

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sergey G. Obukhov; Igor A. Plotnikov; Ibrahim Ahmed; Vladimir G. Masolov;

    Relevance. The urgent task of technical and economic development of the northern and eastern regions of Russia is to provide reliable and efficient power supply to consumers, geographically located in remote, hard-to-reach areas. The use of hybrid energy systems with renewable energy sources is a promising way to solve this problem. A characteristic feature of the modes of hybrid systems, especially with a high level of fuel replacement, is the presence of ripples in charge-discharge currents of batteries used as energy storage devices. The operation of batteries in the mode of pulsed currents leads to rapid degradation of their characteristics and reduction in the service life, which leads to decrease in reliability of the power supply system and increase in the cost of generated electricity. A significant drawback of hybrid systems built according to well-known standard schemes is the inefficient use of the potential of primary renewable energy, which is especially critical for power systems geographically located in areas with severe climatic conditions. The article proposes technical solutions to eliminate the indicated problems. Aim of the study is to search for and develop technical solutions to improve the efficiency of hybrid energy systems with a high level of fuel substitution. Methods: mathematical and computer modeling using the Matlab/Simulink software environment. Results. We offer a new method of construction and control algorithm of the modes of hybrid energy systems, which provide increasing their reliability and energy efficiency. The results of the modeling and the operating modes of a hybrid power plant with a high level of fuel substitution are presented, which proves that the proposed method of construction and the control algorithm provides reliable and efficient control of the power balance of a hybrid power system in all possible operating conditions. The application of the proposed algorithm in a dual-circuit energy storage device provides 5,7 % reduction in the failure rate of the hybrid power system, increasing the operating life of the batteries by 50 %, more efficient use of renewable energy by 28 % compared with conventional methods of construction of hybrid plants.

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  • Целью работы является исследование и обоснование перспектив использования альтернативных источников энергии в условиях Северо-Западного региона России. Работа выполнялось на материалах информационных ресурсов компании «ТГК-1». Использованные методы: общенаучные методы исследования: контентный и сравнительный анализ, метод аналогий, а также методы оценки инвестиционной привлекательности проектов. Результаты работы: - обоснована экономическая целесообразность и организационно-техническая возможность реализации строительства новой гидроэлектростанции на территории Северо-Западного региона; - проведена оценка инвестиционной привлекательности возведения новых электростанций для каждого из вариантов; - обосновано условие экономически эффективного использования гидроэлектростанции – возведение ГЭС мощностью 360 МВт, с одновременным возведением (в целях обеспечения региона необходимым теплом) котельной. Область применения результатов ВКР– энергетические установки и традиционная электроэнергетика, при решении задач оптимизации производства электрической и тепловой энергии, распределения труда и управления, экономического обоснования управленческих решений по возведению электростанций. Вывод. Задачи ВКРрешены, цель достигнута, определена область применения результатов. The aim of the graduate qualification work is to study and substantiate the prospects for the use of alternative energy sources in the North-West region of Russia. The graduate qualification work was carried out on the basis on the materials of information resources of TGK-1 company. Methods used: general scientific research methods - content and comparative analysis, analogy method, as well as methods for assessing the investment attractiveness of projects. The main results of the graduate qualification work: - substantiated the economic feasibility and organizational and technical feasibility of implementing the construction of a new hydroelectric power station in the North-West region; - an assessment of the investment attractiveness of the construction of new power plants for each of the options was carried out; - the condition for the economically efficient use of the hydroelectric power plant has been substantiated - the construction of a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 360 MW, with the simultaneous construction (in order to provide the region with the necessary heat) of a boiler house. The areas of the graduate qualification work results application - power plants and traditional electric power engineering, when solving problems of optimizing the production of electrical and thermal energy, distribution of labor and management, economic substantiation of management decisions for the construction of power plants. Conclusions of graduate qualification work. Tasks have been solved, aim has been achieved, the areas of the results application have been determined.

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  • Данная статья посвящена обзору методов обогащения угля и лабораторных испытаний по снижению зольности угля. Обсуждение проблемы высокой зольности вызвана спросом на отечественный уголь и конкуренцией на мировом рынке. На сегодняшний день продолжают развиваться наиболее распространенные техники обогащения угля, и только комбинирование методов приводит к наиболее приближенному результату, востребованному потребителями. Применение уже известных высокотехнологических способов требует больших капитальных затрат и эксплуатационных расходов во всех циклах производства. При этом глубокая очистка достигается исключительно немеханическим воздействием на уголь. В работе представлен способ кислотной очистки от неорганических примесей, нехарактерный для обогащения угля. Приведены результаты и сравнительный анализ обработки угля с разным уровнем зольности. This article is devoted to the review of methods of coal enrichment and laboratory testing to reduce the ash content of coal. Discussion of the problem of high ash content caused by the demand for domestic coal and competition in the world market. To date, the most common coal processing techniques continue to develop, and only a combination of methods leads to the most approximate result that is in demand by consumers. The use of already known high-tech methods requires large capital expenditures and operating costs in all production cycles. At the same time, deep cleaning is achieved exclusively by non-mechanical action on coal. The paper presents a method of acid purification from inorganic impurities that is not typical for coal enrichment. The results and comparative analysis of the processing of coal with different levels of ash content are presented.

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    Authors: Denis Y. Davydov; Sergey G. Obukhov;

    Relevance. The urgent task of the technical and economic development of the Northern and Eastern regions of Russia is to provide reliable and efficient power supply to consumers, geographically located in remote, hard-to-reach areas. The use of wind power plants is a promising way to solve this problem. The primary task of the design and feasibility study of the use of wind power plants is to predict changes in wind speeds at the site of the power plant installation. The stochastic nature of the wind and its spatiotemporal variability explain the high complexity of this problem, for the solution of which the methods of mathematical modeling are used. The known models of wind speed based on Markov chains, autoregressive moving-average and other discrete models do not allow varying the time step, which does not allow their use for simulation of operating modes of wind turbines and wind energy systems. The article proposes a model of wind speed based on the stochastic differential equation which eliminates this drawback. The aim of the study is to construct wind speed model based on fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process with a periodic long-term mean, which provides modeling of static and dynamic modes of operation of a wind power plant at different time intervals. Methods: mathematical and computer modeling using Matlab/Simulink software environment. Results. The proposed model, in contrast to the known SDE-based models, is able to produce autocorrelated wind speed trajectories with long-term dependence, daily and monthly variations to perform more detailed simulation of the operating modes of wind turbines at different time intervals with the required time step. The model was tested using the data of climatic observations of wind speed obtained from electronic archive of the All-Russian Institute of Hydrometeorological Information. The model adequacy was evaluated by comparing characteristics of simulated wind speed trajectories with actual observations collected at 518 weather stations located on territory of Russia.

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  • Ð’ данной работе проведен анализ энергоэффективности использования конденсационных котлов отопления для объекта капитального строительства, расположенного по адресу г. Санкт-Петербург, улица Кораблестроителей, уч. 2, в зависимости от таких параметров системы: тип котла отопления, КПД, время работы системы в течение суток, энергозатраты. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: 1. Изучение технических особенностей газовых котлов отопления конденсационного и конвекционного типа, выявление преимуществ и недостатков. 2. Разработка методики расчета, в зависимости от типа используемого котла, энергоэффективности его применения в системе отопления общественного здания. 3. Выполнение расчета на основе среднестатистических данных. 4. Выявление общих закономерностей изменения сроков окупаемости при внедрении конденсационного котла в систему отопления здания. Ð’ результате были проанализированы преимущества и недостатки использования котлов обоих видов. Удалось доказать возможность снижения эксплуатационных затрат здания при внедрении конденсационного котла в систему отопления. Были получены основные закономерности изменения срока окупаемости в зависимости от времени работы в сутках системы, ее КПД. Разработанная методика оценки энергоэффективности может быть использована для оценки целесообразности внедрения газового конденсационного котла в систему отопления вне зависимости от типа здания, географического местоположения или от необходимых микроклиматических параметров внутри помещения. Для выполнения корректного расчета необходимо использовать следующие показатели: КПД установки, наружными и внутренними климатическими параметрами, стоимостью внедрения и обслуживания котла в систему отопления. In this paper, an analysis of the energy efficiency of the use of condensing heating boilers for a capital construction object located at the address of St. Petersburg, Korablestroiteley Street, uch. 2, depending on such system parameters is carried out: type of heating boiler, efficiency, operating time of the system during the day, energy consumption. Tasks that were solved in the course of the study: 1. Study of technical features of gas heating boilers of condensing and convection type, identification of advantages and disadvantages. 2. Development of a methodology for calculating, depending on the type of boiler used, the energy efficiency of its use in the heating system of a public building. 3. Performing the calculation based on the average statistical data. 4. Identification of general patterns of changes in the payback period when introducing a condensing boiler into the building heating system. As a result, the advantages and disadvantages of using both types of boilers were analyzed. It was possible to prove the possibility of reducing the operating costs of the building when introducing a condensing boiler into the heating system. The main patterns of changes in the payback period depending on the operating time in the day of the system, its efficiency were obtained. The developed methodology for assessing energy efficiency can be used to assess the feasibility of introducing a gas condensing boiler into the heating system, regardless of the type of building, geographical location or the necessary microclimatic parameters inside the room. To perform a correct calculation, you must use the following indicators:: The efficiency of the installation, external and internal climatic parameters, the cost of implementing and maintaining the boiler in the heating system.

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  • The article considers the power consumption of rural households in the Belgorod region. An assessment was made of the possibility of extending the results of the analysis to other areas of the “middle lane” of Russia. The indicators that allow a positive answer to the questions posed are considered. These are: long-term average wind speed; average long-term specific arrival of solar radiation on a horizontal area of 1 m2; per capita electricity consumption per villager; electricity consumption per 1 m2 of living space of a rural resident. In general, the data indicate a quite satisfactory representation of the results obtained for assessing the possibilities of power supply for households using renewable energy sources in the regions of the "middle lane" of Russia. The ratio of the maximum power consumption to the average power consumption for various averaging periods is determined: 10 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, by months of the year and year. The value of the ratio of these powers indicates the need to consider their overload capacity when choosing inverters, and batteries have limitations when charging and discharging. An assessment of the payback period of four options for power supply systems was carried out: two options based on wind turbines with connection to the grid and stand-alone, and two similar options based on photovoltaic modules. Prices for equipment are taken at the level of the beginning of 2018, that is, before the onset of the crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic, since calculations at the current constantly rising prices are completely meaningless. Дан анализ электропотребления сельского домовладения в Белгородской области. Определена возможность распространения результатов анализа на другие области средней полосы России. Рассмотрены показатели, позволяющие положительно ответить на поставленные вопросы. Таковыми являются: среднемноголетняя скорость ветра; среднемноголетний удельный приход солнечной радиации на горизонтальную площадку; душевое потребление электроэнергии на одного сельского жителя; потребление электроэнергии на 1_м2 жилой площади сельского дома. В целом данные указывают на вполне удовлетворительное представительство полученных результатов для оценки возможностей электроснабжения домовладения с использованием ВИЭ в областях средней полосы России. Определено отношение максимальной потребляемой мощности к средней годовой потребляемой мощности для различных периодов осреднения: 10_с, 1_мин, 5_мин. Это отношение необходимо учитывать при выборе инверторов, имея в виду их перегрузочную способность, а у аккумуляторных батарей учитывать ограничения при заряде и разряде. Определён простой срок окупаемости четырёх вариантов систем электроснабжения: два варианта на базе ветроэнергетической установки (ВЭУ) с присоединением к сети и в автономном режиме, и два аналогичных варианта на базе фотоэлектрических модулей. Электрические станции, Выпуск 3 2023, Pages 51-61

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  • В статье выявлены особенности обеспечения экономической безопасности предприятий топливно-энергетического комплекса северного ресурсодобывающего региона и их роль в обеспечении национальной безопасности. Рассмотрены основные подходы к трактовке понятия «экономическая безопасность предприятия» и их недостатки в современных условиях функционирования экономики. Предложен авторский подход к обеспечению экономической безопасности предприятий - сетевой, позволяющий своевременно выявлять угрозы и реализовывать возможности, повышать уровень инновационной активности, минимизировать трансакционные издержки. The article reveals the features of ensuring the economic security of the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of the northern resource-mining region and their role in ensuring national security. The main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "economic security of the enterprise" and their shortcomings in modern conditions of the functioning of the economy are considered. An author's approach to ensuring the economic security of enterprises is proposed - a network approach that allows timely identification of threats and realization of opportunities, increasing the level of innovative activity, and minimizing transaction costs.

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  • The monograph is devoted to the prospects for the development of the energy market in China in the context of increasing instability in the global energy sector, the imbalance of supply and demand for oil and natural gas and the large"scale development of the green agenda. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the new trend of the transition to the widespread use of renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels — the so"called energy transition as a new direction of global energy development, which has an impact on China. The transformations laid down in the energy transition entail changes in the energy policy of various countries. The author examines the external and internal dimensions of the modern energy policy of the country. It is stated that the broad gasification of the country is positioned as the leading strategic priority of China's modern energy policy, along with the development of renewable energy sources. The book also touches on the issues of China's energy policy in the context of Russian interests, including the active participation of Chinese companies in the development of the Arctic zone of Russia. The monograph contains a number of materials tested in the author's recent works published in 2020—2021. Here they are presented in an augmented form. Монография посвящена рассмотрению перспектив развития энергетического рынка в Китае в условиях нарастающей нестабильности в мировой энергетике, дисбаланса спроса и предложения на нефть и природный газ и масштабного развития зеленой повестки. Особое внимание уделено анализу нового тренда перехода к широкому использованию возобновляемых источников энергии вместо ископаемых видов топлива — так называемый энергетический переход как новое направление развития мировой энергетики, которое оказывает воздействие и на Китай. Преобразования, закладываемые в энергопереход, влекут за собой внесение изменений в энергетическую политику различных стран. Автор рассматривает внешнее и внутреннее измерения современной энергетической политики страны. Констатируется, что в качестве ведущего стратегического приоритета современной энергетической политики Китая, наряду с развитием возобновляемых источников энергии, позиционируется широкая газификация страны. В книге затрагиваются и вопросы энергетической политики Китая в контексте российских интересов, включая активное участие китайских компаний в освоении арктической зоны России. Монография содержит ряд материалов, апробированных в недавних работах автора, опубликованных в 2020—2021 гг. Здесь они представлены в дополненном виде.

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  • The possibility of creating and using an integrated complex sensor measuring the temperature and humidity in a greenhouse is considered. The experimental data of temperature measurement by various sensors in the greenhouse and graphs characterizing the operation of the control system of this coordinate according to the readings of the standard sensors are given. Analysis of the data shows the presence of scatter readings, including regular sensors. Based on this, it is concluded that it is expedient to modernize the measurement process. It is proposed to use the dependence of the attenuation coefficient of sound on temperature and humidity to create an integrated complex sensor. The advantages of using the proposed sensor are substantiated. An algorithm for finding the measured values is given. A technique for selecting the frequency of sound vibrations is shown, taking into account the specific conditions of the sensor application. The positive effect is achieved by increasing the information content of the data and the possibility of improving accuracy by increasing the frequency of measurements. The calculations showing the energy and economic efficiency when using the proposed integrated sensor are given. Рассматривается возможность создания и эффективность применения интегрального комплексного датчика измерения температуры и влажности в теплице. Приводятся экспериментальные данные измерения температуры различными датчиками в теплице и графики, характеризующие работу системы управления этой координатой по показаниям штатных датчиков. Анализ приведенных данных показывает наличие разброса показаний, в том числе штатных датчиков. На основании этого делается вывод о целесообразности модернизации процесса измерения. Предлагается использовать зависимость коэффициента затухания звука от температуры и влажности для создания интегрального комплексного датчика. Обосновываются преимущества применения предлагаемого датчика. Приводится алгоритм нахождения измеряемых величин. Показана методика выбора частоты звуковых колебаний с учетом конкретных условий применения датчика. Положительный эффект достигается за счет повышения информативности полученных данных и возможности повышения точности за счет увеличения частоты измерений. Приводятся расчеты, показывающие энергетическую и экономическую эффективность при использовании предлагаемого интегрального датчика. №4 (2019)

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  • В связи с неустойчивой ситуацией на мировом рынке нефти уголь становится основным источником органического сырья для химической и металлургической промышленности. Ископаемые угли способны накапливать значительное количество элементов и примесей, нередко достигающих промышленно значимых концентраций. Ресурсы скандия и других редких элементов только в угольных месторождениях Сибири способны обеспечить его мировые потребности на несколько десятилетий. В работе решаются комплексные задачи, связанные с извлечением оксидов металлов по разработанной схеме обогащения для обеспечения необходимого уровня термопластичности, который определяет качество и характеристики металлургического кокса.В лабораторных условиях проведены опыты по обогащению высокозольных углей, содержащих в своем составе наибольшее количество металлов. При помощи модернизированного пластометра Гизелера определены значения термопластичности. При современных технологиях и оборудовании на базе отдельных месторождений можно создать рентабельное производство обогащенных коксующихся углей при попутном извлечении редких металлов. Доказано, что наиболее перспективно извлечение из углей скандия и комплекса редких металлов в виде оксидов. As the world oil market tends to be highly volatile, the coal becomes a primary source of organic raw materials for chemical and metallurgical industries. Fossil coals can accumulate high amounts of elements and mixtures quite often reaching commercially valuable concentrations. Reserves of scandium and other rare elements in coal deposits in Siberia alone are sufficient to satisfy the expected global demand for several decades. This study is intended to solve complex tasks associated with extraction of metal oxides using the developed enrichment method to ensure the required thermal plasticity determining the quality and properties of metallurgical coke.Laboratory experiments have been conducted for the enrichment of high-ash coals containing the highest concentrations of metals. Thermal plasticity values have been determined with the help of Gieseler plastometer . Using modern technologies and equipment individual deposits can be turned into profitable production of enriched coking coals with concurrent extraction of rare metals. It has been proven that the highest commercial potential lies with the extraction of scandium and some other rare metals in the form of oxides from the coal.. №4 (220) (2017)

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sergey G. Obukhov; Igor A. Plotnikov; Ibrahim Ahmed; Vladimir G. Masolov;

    Relevance. The urgent task of technical and economic development of the northern and eastern regions of Russia is to provide reliable and efficient power supply to consumers, geographically located in remote, hard-to-reach areas. The use of hybrid energy systems with renewable energy sources is a promising way to solve this problem. A characteristic feature of the modes of hybrid systems, especially with a high level of fuel replacement, is the presence of ripples in charge-discharge currents of batteries used as energy storage devices. The operation of batteries in the mode of pulsed currents leads to rapid degradation of their characteristics and reduction in the service life, which leads to decrease in reliability of the power supply system and increase in the cost of generated electricity. A significant drawback of hybrid systems built according to well-known standard schemes is the inefficient use of the potential of primary renewable energy, which is especially critical for power systems geographically located in areas with severe climatic conditions. The article proposes technical solutions to eliminate the indicated problems. Aim of the study is to search for and develop technical solutions to improve the efficiency of hybrid energy systems with a high level of fuel substitution. Methods: mathematical and computer modeling using the Matlab/Simulink software environment. Results. We offer a new method of construction and control algorithm of the modes of hybrid energy systems, which provide increasing their reliability and energy efficiency. The results of the modeling and the operating modes of a hybrid power plant with a high level of fuel substitution are presented, which proves that the proposed method of construction and the control algorithm provides reliable and efficient control of the power balance of a hybrid power system in all possible operating conditions. The application of the proposed algorithm in a dual-circuit energy storage device provides 5,7 % reduction in the failure rate of the hybrid power system, increasing the operating life of the batteries by 50 %, more efficient use of renewable energy by 28 % compared with conventional methods of construction of hybrid plants.

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  • Целью работы является исследование и обоснование перспектив использования альтернативных источников энергии в условиях Северо-Западного региона России. Работа выполнялось на материалах информационных ресурсов компании «ТГК-1». Использованные методы: общенаучные методы исследования: контентный и сравнительный анализ, метод аналогий, а также методы оценки инвестиционной привлекательности проектов. Результаты работы: - обоснована экономическая целесообразность и организационно-техническая возможность реализации строительства новой гидроэлектростанции на территории Северо-Западного региона; - проведена оценка инвестиционной привлекательности возведения новых электростанций для каждого из вариантов; - обосновано условие экономически эффективного использования гидроэлектростанции – возведение ГЭС мощностью 360 МВт, с одновременным возведением (в целях обеспечения региона необходимым теплом) котельной. Область применения результатов ВКР– энергетические установки и традиционная электроэнергетика, при решении задач оптимизации производства электрической и тепловой энергии, распределения труда и управления, экономического обоснования управленческих решений по возведению электростанций. Вывод. Задачи ВКРрешены, цель достигнута, определена область применения результатов. The aim of the graduate qualification work is to study and substantiate the prospects for the use of alternative energy sources in the North-West region of Russia. The graduate qualification work was carried out on the basis on the materials of information resources of TGK-1 company. Methods used: general scientific research methods - content and comparative analysis, analogy method, as well as methods for assessing the investment attractiveness of projects. The main results of the graduate qualification work: - substantiated the economic feasibility and organizational and technical feasibility of implementing the construction of a new hydroelectric power station in the North-West region; - an assessment of the investment attractiveness of the construction of new power plants for each of the options was carried out; - the condition for the economically efficient use of the hydroelectric power plant has been substantiated - the construction of a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 360 MW, with the simultaneous construction (in order to provide the region with the necessary heat) of a boiler house. The areas of the graduate qualification work results application - power plants and traditional electric power engineering, when solving problems of optimizing the production of electrical and thermal energy, distribution of labor and management, economic substantiation of management decisions for the construction of power plants. Conclusions of graduate qualification work. Tasks have been solved, aim has been achieved, the areas of the results application have been determined.

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  • Данная статья посвящена обзору методов обогащения угля и лабораторных испытаний по снижению зольности угля. Обсуждение проблемы высокой зольности вызвана спросом на отечественный уголь и конкуренцией на мировом рынке. На сегодняшний день продолжают развиваться наиболее распространенные техники обогащения угля, и только комбинирование методов приводит к наиболее приближенному результату, востребованному потребителями. Применение уже известных высокотехнологических способов требует больших капитальных затрат и эксплуатационных расходов во всех циклах производства. При этом глубокая очистка достигается исключительно немеханическим воздействием на уголь. В работе представлен способ кислотной очистки от неорганических примесей, нехарактерный для обогащения угля. Приведены результаты и сравнительный анализ обработки угля с разным уровнем зольности. This article is devoted to the review of methods of coal enrichment and laboratory testing to reduce the ash content of coal. Discussion of the problem of high ash content caused by the demand for domestic coal and competition in the world market. To date, the most common coal processing techniques continue to develop, and only a combination of methods leads to the most approximate result that is in demand by consumers. The use of already known high-tech methods requires large capital expenditures and operating costs in all production cycles. At the same time, deep cleaning is achieved exclusively by non-mechanical action on coal. The paper presents a method of acid purification from inorganic impurities that is not typical for coal enrichment. The results and comparative analysis of the processing of coal with different levels of ash content are presented.

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    Authors: Denis Y. Davydov; Sergey G. Obukhov;

    Relevance. The urgent task of the technical and economic development of the Northern and Eastern regions of Russia is to provide reliable and efficient power supply to consumers, geographically located in remote, hard-to-reach areas. The use of wind power plants is a promising way to solve this problem. The primary task of the design and feasibility study of the use of wind power plants is to predict changes in wind speeds at the site of the power plant installation. The stochastic nature of the wind and its spatiotemporal variability explain the high complexity of this problem, for the solution of which the methods of mathematical modeling are used. The known models of wind speed based on Markov chains, autoregressive moving-average and other discrete models do not allow varying the time step, which does not allow their use for simulation of operating modes of wind turbines and wind energy systems. The article proposes a model of wind speed based on the stochastic differential equation which eliminates this drawback. The aim of the study is to construct wind speed model based on fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process with a periodic long-term mean, which provides modeling of static and dynamic modes of operation of a wind power plant at different time intervals. Methods: mathematical and computer modeling using Matlab/Simulink software environment. Results. The proposed model, in contrast to the known SDE-based models, is able to produce autocorrelated wind speed trajectories with long-term dependence, daily and monthly variations to perform more detailed simulation of the operating modes of wind turbines at different time intervals with the required time step. The model was tested using the data of climatic observations of wind speed obtained from electronic archive of the All-Russian Institute of Hydrometeorological Information. The model adequacy was evaluated by comparing characteristics of simulated wind speed trajectories with actual observations collected at 518 weather stations located on territory of Russia.

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