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  • Energy Research
  • 2021-2025
  • Russian

  • В статье рассмотрена проблема энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве России. Проведен анализ трудов российских и зарубежных авторов, раскрывающих проблему энергоэффективности в ЖКХ, причины ее низкого уровня и последующие пути решения. Также проанализированы статистические данные об избыточном потреблении энергоресурсов в ЖКХ, оснащенности индивидуальными приборами учета по разным видам коммунальных ресурсов, внедрении энергосберегающих технологий в строительство энергоэффективных домов. Целью статьи является рассмотрение проблемы энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве с разных сторон и выявление наиболее важных факторов, значительно влияющих на низкие показатели энергоэффективности России. В статье обращается внимание на важность проблемы энергоэффективности для всей экономики страны и острая необходимость в ее решении наиболее результативными методами. Предлагаются способы решения проблемы энергоэффективности, действенные в каждом субъекте Российской Федерации. The article deals with the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency in the housing and communal services of Russia. The analysis of the works of Russian and foreign authors, revealing the problem of energy efficiency in housing and communal services, the reasons for its low level and subsequent solutions, was carried out. Statistical data on excessive consumption of energy resources in housing and communal services, equipment with individual metering devices for various types of communal resources, and the introduction of energy-saving technologies in the construction of energy-efficient houses are also analyzed. The purpose of the article is to consider the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency in housing and communal services from different angles and to identify the most important factors that significantly affect the low energy efficiency in Russia. The article draws attention to the importance of the problem of energy efficiency for the entire economy of the country and the urgent need to solve it with the most effective methods. The ways of solving the problem of energy efficiency, effective in each subject of the Russian Federation, are proposed.

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  • В последние десятилетия экологическая проблема приняла глобальный характер и требует консолидации мирового сообщества. Возникающие экологические угрозы становятся все более опасными для человечества, поэтому требуются усилия всех государств для предотвращения негативных последствий изменения окружающей среды. В данной статье рассматривается деятельность международных акторов в сфере обеспечения экологической безопасности. Авторами проведен сравнительный анализ правовых основ и национальных особенностей политики экологической безопасности Дании, США и России, рассмотрены примеры использования возобновляемых источников энергии, направленных на минимизацию экологических рисков, выявлены проблемы и определены перспективы реализации экологической политики в условиях перехода к «зеленой энергетике». In recent decades, the environmental problem has become global in nature and requires the consolidation of the world community. Emerging environmental threats are becoming more and more dangerous for humanity, therefore efforts of all states are required to prevent the negative consequences of environmental change. This article examines the activities of international actors in the field of ensuring environmental safety. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the legal framework and national characteristics of environmental safety policies in Denmark, the USA and Russia, examined examples of the use of renewable energy sources aimed at minimizing environmental risks, identified problems and identified prospects for the implementation of environmental policy in the context of the transition to “green energy”.

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    Authors: L.V, Nefedova; Yu.Yu, Rafikova;

    The importance of developing a risk management methodology for the development of the renewable energy sector in Russia is justified. The stages of researches on the problem of risk assessments and management in renewable energy in MSU since 2015 are considered. The results are described: a list of risk factors and methods of managing them by using different kinds of renewable energy sources; internal and external components of risk factors that depend and not depend on the developers of RE projects are identified. The author's methodology for assessing resource risks level in the solar energy industry based on the calculation of the variability of the statistical parameters of insolation is presented.

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    При изготовлении комбикормов производители стремятся заменить зерновое сырьё различными отходами пищевого и агропромышленного комплекса. Такое стремление особенно четко прослеживается в странах западной Европы. Это связано с высокой стоимостью зерновых ресурсов, что непосредственно влияет на конечную стоимость сельскохозяйственной продукции. Затраты на кормление в отдельных случаях могут составлять до 80% от конечной цены реализации продукции. Поэтому совершенствование технологий производства комбикормов и рационов питания сельскохозяйственных животных является актуальной задачей. В качестве заменителей зернового сырья могут выступать такие отходы промышленности как: свекольный жом, стебли бобовых, лузга различных зерновых культур и другие. Обычно заменители зернового сырья содержат в своём составе большую долю клетчатки и лигнина, которые сложно перевариваются в процессе пищеварения у сельскохозяйственных животных. Для более полного усвоения этих веществ необходимо проводить технологические операции, направленные на разрушение высокобиополимерных структур с целью получения более простых легкоусвояемых веществ. В статье рассматривается совершенствование технологии получения экструдированных комбикормов и кормовых добавок за счёт применения операции двухстадийного измельчения с химической обработкой и заморозкой сырья. When making mixed fodders, producers try to replace grain raw materials with various wastes of food and agro-industrial complex. Such aspiration is especially clear in the countries of Western Europe. This is due to the high cost of grain resources, which directly affects the final cost of agricultural products. Feeding costs in some cases can be up to 80% of the final selling price of products. Therefore, improvement of technologies of production of mixed fodders and diets for farm animals is an urgent task. As substitutes for grain, raw materials can be such industrial wastes as: beet pulp, stems of legumes, husks of various grain crops and others. Usually substitutes for grain raw materials contain a large proportion of fibre and lignin, which are difficult to digest during digestion in farm animals. For more complete assimilation of these substances it is necessary to carry out technological operations aimed at destruction of high biopolymer structures in order to obtain simpler easily digestible substances. The article examines the improvement of the technology of extruded mixed fodders and feed additives through the use of two-stage grinding operation with chemical treatment and freezing of raw materials. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 5 (143) 2024

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60797/ir...
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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Параметрическая энергоэффективная оптимизация проекта реконструкции объекта культурного наследия». Работа посвящена рассмотрению вопроса реконструкции исторических зданий с точки зрения энергосбережения и энергоэффективности.Цель исследования – заключается в разработке методики энергоэффективной имитационной оптимизации проекта объекта культурного наследия.Объектом исследования в данной работе выступает – объект культурного наследия «Городская усадьба, XVIII-XIX вв.-Главный дом, XVIII-XIX вв (в основе палаты рубежа XVII- XVIII) по адресу: г. Москва, ЦАО, ул. Пречистенка, д.8, стр.1» на этапе его реконструкции.Предметом исследования является энергоэффективная имитационная оптимизация проекта реконструкции объекта культурного наследия.Задачи исследования:Изучение текущего состояния строительства объектов культурного наследия и вопросов энергоэффективной оптимизации.Анализ фактического состояния объекта и моделирование класса энергоэффективности здания.Разработка информационной и аналитических моделей здания для анализа энергоэффективности.Ð’ процессе исследования были использованы методы обобщения и анализа отечественного и зарубежного опыта, сравнения и оценки результатов энергомоделирования по различным сценариям.Практическая значимость работы заключается в возможности оценки энергоэффективности исторических зданий с помощью оптимизированной имитационной энергоэффективной модели.Ð’ ходе исследования были получены следующие результаты:-         Построена информационная модель здания в Autodesk Revit 2022 по имеющейся проектной документации.;-         Смоделирована аналитическая и энергетическая модели здания на основе созданной информационной модели в Autodesk Revit 2022;-         Выполнен программный расчет инсоляции поверхностей и расчет освещения;-         Смоделировано девять сценариев энергопотребления здания зависимости от разных параметров. Определен наилучший сценарий и параметры, которые необходимо изменить/оптимизировать для достижения наилучшего результата с точки зрения энергопотребления. Определены эталонные показатели энергоэффективности по каждому сценарию;-         Проведен анализ результатов энергомоделирования и сформированы отчеты ежегодного энергопотребления.-         Выработаны рекомендации и предложения по внедрению энергомоделирования в процесс строительства в том числе и схемы процессов в нотации BPMN. Рассмотрен также вариант гибридного метода совместного использования BEM и ML (Machine Learning). Он применим для решения задач, не только касающихся энергомоделирования, но и для решения других задач в строительстве и реконструкции.Такой подход позволяет повысить инвестиционную привлекательность подобных проектов за счёт снижения энергозатрат и соответствующих расходов в период эксплуатации. Добиться подобных результатов с минимальными затратами времени позволяет применение современных методов параметрического проектирования, таких как BEM и BIM. Применение таких методов проектирования также дает возможность привести историческое здание в соответствие с современными требованиями по надежности, безопасности и эффективности зданий, позволяет применить современные материалы. The theme of the final qualification work: “Parametric Energy-Efficient Optimization of the Project for the Reconstruction of a Cultural Heritage Object”. The work is devoted to the consideration of the issue of reconstruction of historical buildings in terms of energy conservation and energy efficiency.The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for energy-efficient simulation optimization of the project of a cultural heritage object.The object of study in this work is the cultural heritage object “City Manor, XVIII-XIX centuries – Main House, XVIII-XIX centuries (at the heart of the chamber of the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries) at the address: building 1, 8 Ul. Prechistenka, Central Administrative District, Moscow” at the stage of its reconstruction.The subject of the study is the energy-efficient simulation optimization of the cultural heritage object reconstruction project.Research objectives:1. Study of the current state of construction of cultural heritage objects and issues of energy efficient optimization.2. Analysis of the actual state of the object and modelling of the energy efficiency class of the building.3. Development of information and analytical building models for energy efficiency analysis.In the course of the study, methods were used to generalize and analyse domestic and foreign experience, compare and evaluate the results of energy modelling for various scenarios.The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of assessing the energy efficiency of historical buildings using an optimized simulation energy-efficient model.The following results were obtained during the study:-         The information model of the building was built in Autodesk Revit 2022 according to the available design documentation;-         The analytical and energy model of the building was modelled based on the information model created in Autodesk Revit 2022;-         Software calculation of surface insolation and lighting calculation was performed;-         Nine building energy consumption scenarios were modelled depending on different parameters. The best scenario and parameters that need to be changed/optimized to achieve the best result in terms of energy consumption are determined. Energy efficiency benchmarks have been defined for each scenario;-         An analysis of the results of energy modelling was carried out and reports of annual energy consumption were generated;-         Recommendations and proposals were developed for the implementation of energy modelling in the construction process, including process diagrams in BPMN notation. A variant of the hybrid method of sharing BEM and ML (Machine Learning) is also considered. It is applicable for solving problems not only related to energy modelling, but also for solving other problems in construction and reconstruction.This approach makes it possible to increase the investment attractiveness of such projects by reducing energy costs and related costs during the operation period. To achieve such results with a minimum investment of time allows the use of modern methods of parametric design, such as BEM and BIM. The use of such design methods also makes it possible to bring a historic building in line with modern requirements for the reliability, safety and efficiency of buildings, and allows the use of modern materials.

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  • Ð’ работе рассмотрены вопросы расчета показателей теплоусвоения конструкции пола и создания инструментальных средств для формирования соответствующих конструктивных решений. Задачами, решаемыми в рамках исследования, явились следующие: 1. Обзор и анализ литературных источников, посвященных исследованию теории теплоустойчивости и теплоусвоения и применению их в строительстве, сравнительный анализ различных конструкций пирогов половых конструкции. 2. Разработка оптимизационной модели обоснования характеристик теплоусвоения конструкции пола на основе критерия удельной стоимости материалов слоев. 3. Разработка и реализация на практических примерах методики обоснования характеристик теплоусвоения конструкции пола с использованием алгоритмов глобальной оптимизации. Исследование инструментов автоматизированного подбора параметров теплоизоляционных материалов проводилось с использованием нормативной документации СП 50.13330.2012 «Тепловая защита зданий» и СП 131.13330.2020 «Строительная климатология». Результаты анализа существующих работ по теории теплоустойчивости и теплоусвоению подтвердили высокую трудоемкость процесса расчета теплоусвоения конструкций полов для каждого альтернативного варианта комбинации материалов слоев ввиду вариативной (определяемой выполнением специфических условий) зависимости значения показателя теплоусвоения каждого предшествующего (относительно внутренней среды здания) слоя от аналогичного значения для последующего слоя. Результаты анализа научных работ также засвидетельствовали отсутствие инструментальных средств математического моделирования, обеспечивающих уменьшение трудоемкости решения задачи обоснования характеристик половых конструкций с учетом предусмотренных СП 50.13330.2012 требований в части показателя теплоусвоения внутренней поверхности конструкций. Была разработана оптимизационная модель, состоящая из минимизируемой целевой функции, представляющей собой удельную стоимость материалов в составе слоев конструкции пола, а также ряда непрямых и прямых ограничений, описывающих взаимосвязи между теплотехническими характеристиками упомянутых слоев. Ð’ качестве основных неизвестных переменных рассматривались толщины слоев конструкции пола. Реализация оптимизационной модели была выполнена с помощью надстройки «Поиск решения» программы «Microsoft Excel». Также в рамках исследования была разработана методика обоснования характеристик теплоусвоения конструкции пола с использованием алгоритмов глобальной оптимизации, включающая в себя следующие основные этапы: сбор и первичная обработка исходных данных, построение оптимизационной модели обоснования характеристик теплоусвоения конструкции пола, реализация оптимизационной модели в выбранной программной среде оптимизационного моделирования, оценка практической значимости результатов реализации оптимизационной модели, формирование конструктивного решения. The work discusses the issues of calculating heat absorption indicators of a floor structure and creating tools for the formation of appropriate design solutions. The tasks solved within the research were the following: 1. Review and analysis of literary sources devoted to the study of the theory of heat resistance and heat absorption and their application in construction, comparative analysis of various designs of pies, floor structures. 2. Development of the optimization model to substantiate the heat absorption characteristics of a floor structure based on the criterion of the unit cost of layer materials. 3. Development of the procedure for substantiating the heat absorption characteristics of a floor structure using global optimization algorithms, implementation of the procedure on practical examples. The study of tools for automated selection of parameters of thermal insulation materials was carried out with the use of normative documentation SP 50.13330.2012 “Thermal protection of buildings” and SP 131.13330.2020 “Construction climatology”. The results of the analysis of existing works on the theory of heat resistance and heat absorption confirmed the high labor intensity of the process of calculating the heat absorption of floor structures for each alternative combination of layer materials due to the variable (determined by the fulfillment of specific conditions) dependence of the value of the heat absorption index of each previous (relative to the internal environment of the building) layer on a similar value for the subsequent one layer. The results of the analysis of scientific works also testified to the lack of mathematical modeling tools that would reduce the labor intensity of solving the problem of substantiating the characteristics of floor structures, taking into account the requirements stipulated by SP 50.13330.2012 regarding the heat absorption rate of the internal surface of structures. An optimization model has been created, consisting of a minimized objective function, which is the unit cost of materials in the layers of the floor structure, as well as a number of indirect and direct constraints describing the relationships between the thermal characteristics of the mentioned layers. The thicknesses of the floor structure layers were considered as the main unknown variables. The optimization model was implemented using the “Solver” add-in for the “Microsoft Excel” software. Also during the research a procedure has been developed to substantiate the heat absorption characteristics of a floor structure using global optimization algorithms, which includes the following main stages: collection and primary processing of initial data, construction of an optimization model to substantiate the heat absorption characteristics of a floor structure, implementation of the optimization model in the selected optimization modeling software environment , assessment of the practical significance of the results of implementing the optimization model, formation of a constructive solution.

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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Проект жилого дома типа “таунхаус” в составе малого населенного пункта».Целью данной выпускной квалификационной работы стало проектирование жилого дома типа «таунхаус», с применением энергоэффективных технологий в составе малого населенного пункта, расположенного в Республике Татарстан, вблизи г. Казань. Ð’ составе посёлка спроектированы: участки под строительство «таунхаусов» и многоквартирных трёхэтажных жилых домов; административно-бытовой центр с прилегающей автостоянкой на 10 машиномест; зону рекреации, включающую открыто плоскостное спортивное сооружение; единую улично-дорожную сеть. Предполагается разработка проекта энергоэффективного таунхауса, состоящего из двух жилых секций, для 2 семей.Ð’ рамках проекта были спроектированы следующие разделы:генеральный план населённого пункта и схема организации рельефа;архитектурные чертежи жилого дома типа «таунхаус»;продольный и поперечный профили жилой улицы малого населенного пункта. The topic of the final qualifying work: "The project of a residential house of the "townhouse" type as part of a small settlement".The purpose of this final qualifying work was the design of a residential house of the "townhouse" type, using energy-efficient technologies as part of a small settlement located in the Republic of Tatarstan, near Kazan. As part of the settlement, there are designed: plots for the construction of "townhouses" and multi-apartment three-storey residential buildings; an administrative and household center with an adjacent parking lot for 10 cars; a recreation area, including an open planar sports facility; a single street and road network. It is planned to develop an energy-efficient townhouse project consisting of two residential sections for 2 families.The following sections were designed as part of the project:• the general plan of the settlement and the relief organization scheme;• architectural drawings of a residential building of the "townhouse" type;• longitudinal and transverse profiles of a residential street of a small settlement.

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  • Authors: Kurmantaeva, A. A.;

    Цель работы – оценить выбросы парниковых газов нефтедобывающей компании и возможности коммерциализации углеродного следа.

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  • The issues of implementing effective measures to reduce losses during the operation of power electrical equipment are of particular practical interest for electric grid and industrial enterprises. In nominal and close to them modes, power transformers have a fairly high coefficient of performance (COP). However, the efficiency of autotransformers depends on many factors due to their design features. In this study, the authors propose a method for improving the energy efficiency of autotransformers while optimizing the functioning of their cooling system in order to reduce operating losses for electric drives of pumps and fans of forced cooling systems using an autotransformer with a rated power of 125 MVA as an example. Вопросы внедрения эффективных мероприятий по снижению потерь при эксплуатации силового электрооборудования представляют практический интерес для электросетевых и промышленных предприятий. В номинальных и близких к ним режимах силовые трансформаторы обладают высоким коэффициентом полезного действия (КПД). Однако из-за конструктивных особенностей автотрансформаторов их КПД зависит от многих факторов. На примере автотрансформатора АТДЦТН-125000/220/110-У1 номинальной мощностью 125 МВ·А предложен способ повышения энергоэффективности при оптимизации функционирования их системы охлаждения с целью снижения эксплуатационных потерь на электроприводы насосов и вентиляторов систем принудительного охлаждения. Энергетик, Выпуск 5 2023, Pages 19-21

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    Authors: Galina, Bityaeva; Mergen, Sangadzhiev;

    The Republic of Kalmykia is rich in solar energy, where the sun shines for more than three-quarters of a year. In addition to solar energy, wind energy can be used in the region. Since agriculture is the major branch of the economy in the Republic, waste from it can be used as biogas. This paper discusses the use of renewable energy sources in protected areas where additional noise devices and aggregates cannot be used. Also, the use of high-voltage power lines can lead to fires, and they occupy part of the useful area of nature reserves, so additional maintenance is required. To solve this problem, we analyzed the current state of the reserve for the protection of saiga lands in Kalmykia. The questions of insolation depending on the seasons and day-night characteristics are also investigated. The materials were the results of expedition routes conducted in recent years in the Black Lands reserve, data from cordons. The obtained materials will make it possible to use non-traditional types of energy for lighting cordons, hunting and tourist areas, in particular, the use of solar modules of different designs. To promote specially protected areas and the use of solar energy.

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  • В статье рассмотрена проблема энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве России. Проведен анализ трудов российских и зарубежных авторов, раскрывающих проблему энергоэффективности в ЖКХ, причины ее низкого уровня и последующие пути решения. Также проанализированы статистические данные об избыточном потреблении энергоресурсов в ЖКХ, оснащенности индивидуальными приборами учета по разным видам коммунальных ресурсов, внедрении энергосберегающих технологий в строительство энергоэффективных домов. Целью статьи является рассмотрение проблемы энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве с разных сторон и выявление наиболее важных факторов, значительно влияющих на низкие показатели энергоэффективности России. В статье обращается внимание на важность проблемы энергоэффективности для всей экономики страны и острая необходимость в ее решении наиболее результативными методами. Предлагаются способы решения проблемы энергоэффективности, действенные в каждом субъекте Российской Федерации. The article deals with the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency in the housing and communal services of Russia. The analysis of the works of Russian and foreign authors, revealing the problem of energy efficiency in housing and communal services, the reasons for its low level and subsequent solutions, was carried out. Statistical data on excessive consumption of energy resources in housing and communal services, equipment with individual metering devices for various types of communal resources, and the introduction of energy-saving technologies in the construction of energy-efficient houses are also analyzed. The purpose of the article is to consider the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency in housing and communal services from different angles and to identify the most important factors that significantly affect the low energy efficiency in Russia. The article draws attention to the importance of the problem of energy efficiency for the entire economy of the country and the urgent need to solve it with the most effective methods. The ways of solving the problem of energy efficiency, effective in each subject of the Russian Federation, are proposed.

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  • В последние десятилетия экологическая проблема приняла глобальный характер и требует консолидации мирового сообщества. Возникающие экологические угрозы становятся все более опасными для человечества, поэтому требуются усилия всех государств для предотвращения негативных последствий изменения окружающей среды. В данной статье рассматривается деятельность международных акторов в сфере обеспечения экологической безопасности. Авторами проведен сравнительный анализ правовых основ и национальных особенностей политики экологической безопасности Дании, США и России, рассмотрены примеры использования возобновляемых источников энергии, направленных на минимизацию экологических рисков, выявлены проблемы и определены перспективы реализации экологической политики в условиях перехода к «зеленой энергетике». In recent decades, the environmental problem has become global in nature and requires the consolidation of the world community. Emerging environmental threats are becoming more and more dangerous for humanity, therefore efforts of all states are required to prevent the negative consequences of environmental change. This article examines the activities of international actors in the field of ensuring environmental safety. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the legal framework and national characteristics of environmental safety policies in Denmark, the USA and Russia, examined examples of the use of renewable energy sources aimed at minimizing environmental risks, identified problems and identified prospects for the implementation of environmental policy in the context of the transition to “green energy”.

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    Authors: L.V, Nefedova; Yu.Yu, Rafikova;

    The importance of developing a risk management methodology for the development of the renewable energy sector in Russia is justified. The stages of researches on the problem of risk assessments and management in renewable energy in MSU since 2015 are considered. The results are described: a list of risk factors and methods of managing them by using different kinds of renewable energy sources; internal and external components of risk factors that depend and not depend on the developers of RE projects are identified. The author's methodology for assessing resource risks level in the solar energy industry based on the calculation of the variability of the statistical parameters of insolation is presented.

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    При изготовлении комбикормов производители стремятся заменить зерновое сырьё различными отходами пищевого и агропромышленного комплекса. Такое стремление особенно четко прослеживается в странах западной Европы. Это связано с высокой стоимостью зерновых ресурсов, что непосредственно влияет на конечную стоимость сельскохозяйственной продукции. Затраты на кормление в отдельных случаях могут составлять до 80% от конечной цены реализации продукции. Поэтому совершенствование технологий производства комбикормов и рационов питания сельскохозяйственных животных является актуальной задачей. В качестве заменителей зернового сырья могут выступать такие отходы промышленности как: свекольный жом, стебли бобовых, лузга различных зерновых культур и другие. Обычно заменители зернового сырья содержат в своём составе большую долю клетчатки и лигнина, которые сложно перевариваются в процессе пищеварения у сельскохозяйственных животных. Для более полного усвоения этих веществ необходимо проводить технологические операции, направленные на разрушение высокобиополимерных структур с целью получения более простых легкоусвояемых веществ. В статье рассматривается совершенствование технологии получения экструдированных комбикормов и кормовых добавок за счёт применения операции двухстадийного измельчения с химической обработкой и заморозкой сырья. When making mixed fodders, producers try to replace grain raw materials with various wastes of food and agro-industrial complex. Such aspiration is especially clear in the countries of Western Europe. This is due to the high cost of grain resources, which directly affects the final cost of agricultural products. Feeding costs in some cases can be up to 80% of the final selling price of products. Therefore, improvement of technologies of production of mixed fodders and diets for farm animals is an urgent task. As substitutes for grain, raw materials can be such industrial wastes as: beet pulp, stems of legumes, husks of various grain crops and others. Usually substitutes for grain raw materials contain a large proportion of fibre and lignin, which are difficult to digest during digestion in farm animals. For more complete assimilation of these substances it is necessary to carry out technological operations aimed at destruction of high biopolymer structures in order to obtain simpler easily digestible substances. The article examines the improvement of the technology of extruded mixed fodders and feed additives through the use of two-stage grinding operation with chemical treatment and freezing of raw materials. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 5 (143) 2024

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60797/ir...
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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Параметрическая энергоэффективная оптимизация проекта реконструкции объекта культурного наследия». Работа посвящена рассмотрению вопроса реконструкции исторических зданий с точки зрения энергосбережения и энергоэффективности.Цель исследования – заключается в разработке методики энергоэффективной имитационной оптимизации проекта объекта культурного наследия.Объектом исследования в данной работе выступает – объект культурного наследия «Городская усадьба, XVIII-XIX вв.-Главный дом, XVIII-XIX вв (в основе палаты рубежа XVII- XVIII) по адресу: г. Москва, ЦАО, ул. Пречистенка, д.8, стр.1» на этапе его реконструкции.Предметом исследования является энергоэффективная имитационная оптимизация проекта реконструкции объекта культурного наследия.Задачи исследования:Изучение текущего состояния строительства объектов культурного наследия и вопросов энергоэффективной оптимизации.Анализ фактического состояния объекта и моделирование класса энергоэффективности здания.Разработка информационной и аналитических моделей здания для анализа энергоэффективности.Ð’ процессе исследования были использованы методы обобщения и анализа отечественного и зарубежного опыта, сравнения и оценки результатов энергомоделирования по различным сценариям.Практическая значимость работы заключается в возможности оценки энергоэффективности исторических зданий с помощью оптимизированной имитационной энергоэффективной модели.Ð’ ходе исследования были получены следующие результаты:-         Построена информационная модель здания в Autodesk Revit 2022 по имеющейся проектной документации.;-         Смоделирована аналитическая и энергетическая модели здания на основе созданной информационной модели в Autodesk Revit 2022;-         Выполнен программный расчет инсоляции поверхностей и расчет освещения;-         Смоделировано девять сценариев энергопотребления здания зависимости от разных параметров. Определен наилучший сценарий и параметры, которые необходимо изменить/оптимизировать для достижения наилучшего результата с точки зрения энергопотребления. Определены эталонные показатели энергоэффективности по каждому сценарию;-         Проведен анализ результатов энергомоделирования и сформированы отчеты ежегодного энергопотребления.-         Выработаны рекомендации и предложения по внедрению энергомоделирования в процесс строительства в том числе и схемы процессов в нотации BPMN. Рассмотрен также вариант гибридного метода совместного использования BEM и ML (Machine Learning). Он применим для решения задач, не только касающихся энергомоделирования, но и для решения других задач в строительстве и реконструкции.Такой подход позволяет повысить инвестиционную привлекательность подобных проектов за счёт снижения энергозатрат и соответствующих расходов в период эксплуатации. Добиться подобных результатов с минимальными затратами времени позволяет применение современных методов параметрического проектирования, таких как BEM и BIM. Применение таких методов проектирования также дает возможность привести историческое здание в соответствие с современными требованиями по надежности, безопасности и эффективности зданий, позволяет применить современные материалы. The theme of the final qualification work: “Parametric Energy-Efficient Optimization of the Project for the Reconstruction of a Cultural Heritage Object”. The work is devoted to the consideration of the issue of reconstruction of historical buildings in terms of energy conservation and energy efficiency.The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for energy-efficient simulation optimization of the project of a cultural heritage object.The object of study in this work is the cultural heritage object “City Manor, XVIII-XIX centuries – Main House, XVIII-XIX centuries (at the heart of the chamber of the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries) at the address: building 1, 8 Ul. Prechistenka, Central Administrative District, Moscow” at the stage of its reconstruction.The subject of the study is the energy-efficient simulation optimization of the cultural heritage object reconstruction project.Research objectives:1. Study of the current state of construction of cultural heritage objects and issues of energy efficient optimization.2. Analysis of the actual state of the object and modelling of the energy efficiency class of the building.3. Development of information and analytical building models for energy efficiency analysis.In the course of the study, methods were used to generalize and analyse domestic and foreign experience, compare and evaluate the results of energy modelling for various scenarios.The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of assessing the energy efficiency of historical buildings using an optimized simulation energy-efficient model.The following results were obtained during the study:-         The information model of the building was built in Autodesk Revit 2022 according to the available design documentation;-         The analytical and energy model of the building was modelled based on the information model created in Autodesk Revit 2022;-         Software calculation of surface insolation and lighting calculation was performed;-         Nine building energy consumption scenarios were modelled depending on different parameters. The best scenario and parameters that need to be changed/optimized to achieve the best result in terms of energy consumption are determined. Energy efficiency benchmarks have been defined for each scenario;-         An analysis of the results of energy modelling was carried out and reports of annual energy consumption were generated;-         Recommendations and proposals were developed for the implementation of energy modelling in the construction process, including process diagrams in BPMN notation. A variant of the hybrid method of sharing BEM and ML (Machine Learning) is also considered. It is applicable for solving problems not only related to energy modelling, but also for solving other problems in construction and reconstruction.This approach makes it possible to increase the investment attractiveness of such projects by reducing energy costs and related costs during the operation period. To achieve such results with a minimum investment of time allows the use of modern methods of parametric design, such as BEM and BIM. The use of such design methods also makes it possible to bring a historic building in line with modern requirements for the reliability, safety and efficiency of buildings, and allows the use of modern materials.

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  • Ð’ работе рассмотрены вопросы расчета показателей теплоусвоения конструкции пола и создания инструментальных средств для формирования соответствующих конструктивных решений. Задачами, решаемыми в рамках исследования, явились следующие: 1. Обзор и анализ литературных источников, посвященных исследованию теории теплоустойчивости и теплоусвоения и применению их в строительстве, сравнительный анализ различных конструкций пирогов половых конструкции. 2. Разработка оптимизационной модели обоснования характеристик теплоусвоения конструкции пола на основе критерия удельной стоимости материалов слоев. 3. Разработка и реализация на практических примерах методики обоснования характеристик теплоусвоения конструкции пола с использованием алгоритмов глобальной оптимизации. Исследование инструментов автоматизированного подбора параметров теплоизоляционных материалов проводилось с использованием нормативной документации СП 50.13330.2012 «Тепловая защита зданий» и СП 131.13330.2020 «Строительная климатология». Результаты анализа существующих работ по теории теплоустойчивости и теплоусвоению подтвердили высокую трудоемкость процесса расчета теплоусвоения конструкций полов для каждого альтернативного варианта комбинации материалов слоев ввиду вариативной (определяемой выполнением специфических условий) зависимости значения показателя теплоусвоения каждого предшествующего (относительно внутренней среды здания) слоя от аналогичного значения для последующего слоя. Результаты анализа научных работ также засвидетельствовали отсутствие инструментальных средств математического моделирования, обеспечивающих уменьшение трудоемкости решения задачи обоснования характеристик половых конструкций с учетом предусмотренных СП 50.13330.2012 требований в части показателя теплоусвоения внутренней поверхности конструкций. Была разработана оптимизационная модель, состоящая из минимизируемой целевой функции, представляющей собой удельную стоимость материалов в составе слоев конструкции пола, а также ряда непрямых и прямых ограничений, описывающих взаимосвязи между теплотехническими характеристиками упомянутых слоев. Ð’ качестве основных неизвестных переменных рассматривались толщины слоев конструкции пола. Реализация оптимизационной модели была выполнена с помощью надстройки «Поиск решения» программы «Microsoft Excel». Также в рамках исследования была разработана методика обоснования характеристик теплоусвоения конструкции пола с использованием алгоритмов глобальной оптимизации, включающая в себя следующие основные этапы: сбор и первичная обработка исходных данных, построение оптимизационной модели обоснования характеристик теплоусвоения конструкции пола, реализация оптимизационной модели в выбранной программной среде оптимизационного моделирования, оценка практической значимости результатов реализации оптимизационной модели, формирование конструктивного решения. The work discusses the issues of calculating heat absorption indicators of a floor structure and creating tools for the formation of appropriate design solutions. The tasks solved within the research were the following: 1. Review and analysis of literary sources devoted to the study of the theory of heat resistance and heat absorption and their application in construction, comparative analysis of various designs of pies, floor structures. 2. Development of the optimization model to substantiate the heat absorption characteristics of a floor structure based on the criterion of the unit cost of layer materials. 3. Development of the procedure for substantiating the heat absorption characteristics of a floor structure using global optimization algorithms, implementation of the procedure on practical examples. The study of tools for automated selection of parameters of thermal insulation materials was carried out with the use of normative documentation SP 50.13330.2012 “Thermal protection of buildings” and SP 131.13330.2020 “Construction climatology”. The results of the analysis of existing works on the theory of heat resistance and heat absorption confirmed the high labor intensity of the process of calculating the heat absorption of floor structures for each alternative combination of layer materials due to the variable (determined by the fulfillment of specific conditions) dependence of the value of the heat absorption index of each previous (relative to the internal environment of the building) layer on a similar value for the subsequent one layer. The results of the analysis of scientific works also testified to the lack of mathematical modeling tools that would reduce the labor intensity of solving the problem of substantiating the characteristics of floor structures, taking into account the requirements stipulated by SP 50.13330.2012 regarding the heat absorption rate of the internal surface of structures. An optimization model has been created, consisting of a minimized objective function, which is the unit cost of materials in the layers of the floor structure, as well as a number of indirect and direct constraints describing the relationships between the thermal characteristics of the mentioned layers. The thicknesses of the floor structure layers were considered as the main unknown variables. The optimization model was implemented using the “Solver” add-in for the “Microsoft Excel” software. Also during the research a procedure has been developed to substantiate the heat absorption characteristics of a floor structure using global optimization algorithms, which includes the following main stages: collection and primary processing of initial data, construction of an optimization model to substantiate the heat absorption characteristics of a floor structure, implementation of the optimization model in the selected optimization modeling software environment , assessment of the practical significance of the results of implementing the optimization model, formation of a constructive solution.

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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Проект жилого дома типа “таунхаус” в составе малого населенного пункта».Целью данной выпускной квалификационной работы стало проектирование жилого дома типа «таунхаус», с применением энергоэффективных технологий в составе малого населенного пункта, расположенного в Республике Татарстан, вблизи г. Казань. Ð’ составе посёлка спроектированы: участки под строительство «таунхаусов» и многоквартирных трёхэтажных жилых домов; административно-бытовой центр с прилегающей автостоянкой на 10 машиномест; зону рекреации, включающую открыто плоскостное спортивное сооружение; единую улично-дорожную сеть. Предполагается разработка проекта энергоэффективного таунхауса, состоящего из двух жилых секций, для 2 семей.Ð’ рамках проекта были спроектированы следующие разделы:генеральный план населённого пункта и схема организации рельефа;архитектурные чертежи жилого дома типа «таунхаус»;продольный и поперечный профили жилой улицы малого населенного пункта. The topic of the final qualifying work: "The project of a residential house of the "townhouse" type as part of a small settlement".The purpose of this final qualifying work was the design of a residential house of the "townhouse" type, using energy-efficient technologies as part of a small settlement located in the Republic of Tatarstan, near Kazan. As part of the settlement, there are designed: plots for the construction of "townhouses" and multi-apartment three-storey residential buildings; an administrative and household center with an adjacent parking lot for 10 cars; a recreation area, including an open planar sports facility; a single street and road network. It is planned to develop an energy-efficient townhouse project consisting of two residential sections for 2 families.The following sections were designed as part of the project:• the general plan of the settlement and the relief organization scheme;• architectural drawings of a residential building of the "townhouse" type;• longitudinal and transverse profiles of a residential street of a small settlement.

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  • Authors: Kurmantaeva, A. A.;

    Цель работы – оценить выбросы парниковых газов нефтедобывающей компании и возможности коммерциализации углеродного следа.

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  • The issues of implementing effective measures to reduce losses during the operation of power electrical equipment are of particular practical interest for electric grid and industrial enterprises. In nominal and close to them modes, power transformers have a fairly high coefficient of performance (COP). However, the efficiency of autotransformers depends on many factors due to their design features. In this study, the authors propose a method for improving the energy efficiency of autotransformers while optimizing the functioning of their cooling system in order to reduce operating losses for electric drives of pumps and fans of forced cooling systems using an autotransformer with a rated power of 125 MVA as an example. Вопросы внедрения эффективных мероприятий по снижению потерь при эксплуатации силового электрооборудования представляют практический интерес для электросетевых и промышленных предприятий. В номинальных и близких к ним режимах силовые трансформаторы обладают высоким коэффициентом полезного действия (КПД). Однако из-за конструктивных особенностей автотрансформаторов их КПД зависит от многих факторов. На примере автотрансформатора АТДЦТН-125000/220/110-У1 номинальной мощностью 125 МВ·А предложен способ повышения энергоэффективности при оптимизации функционирования их системы охлаждения с целью снижения эксплуатационных потерь на электроприводы насосов и вентиляторов систем принудительного охлаждения. Энергетик, Выпуск 5 2023, Pages 19-21

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    Authors: Galina, Bityaeva; Mergen, Sangadzhiev;

    The Republic of Kalmykia is rich in solar energy, where the sun shines for more than three-quarters of a year. In addition to solar energy, wind energy can be used in the region. Since agriculture is the major branch of the economy in the Republic, waste from it can be used as biogas. This paper discusses the use of renewable energy sources in protected areas where additional noise devices and aggregates cannot be used. Also, the use of high-voltage power lines can lead to fires, and they occupy part of the useful area of nature reserves, so additional maintenance is required. To solve this problem, we analyzed the current state of the reserve for the protection of saiga lands in Kalmykia. The questions of insolation depending on the seasons and day-night characteristics are also investigated. The materials were the results of expedition routes conducted in recent years in the Black Lands reserve, data from cordons. The obtained materials will make it possible to use non-traditional types of energy for lighting cordons, hunting and tourist areas, in particular, the use of solar modules of different designs. To promote specially protected areas and the use of solar energy.

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    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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