• Energy Research
• 2021-2025close
• 11. Sustainability close
• 1. No poverty close
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Relevance of the research topic. The study of the issue of modeling the safety influence of the levers of state regulation and global globalization on the process of energy saving of enterprises in the conditions of digitalization is conditioned by the lack of a single approach to the implementation of the algorithm of this process. Formulation of the problem. Existing state programs for energy saving do not always find the widest possible distribution. One of the reasons for this situation is the monopoly position of regional energy, sometimes opaque operations, difficulty of understanding for entrepreneurs, lack of competition in the energy services market. In our opinion, an alternative can be the creation of service centers of enterprises, manufacturers of equipment, which will exchange the old equipment, which is handed over to them by manufacturers, for a new one. The state must compulsorily compensate the cost of new equipment. The existence of problems with the safety influence of the levers of state regulation and world globalization on the process of energy saving of enterprises in the conditions of digitalization determines the relevance of the research topic. Setting the purpose and objectives of the study – to investigate the model of the safety influence of the levers of state regulation and global globalization on the process of energy saving of enterprises in the conditions of digitalization. Research method or methodology. The following methods are used in the article: graphic, monographic, analysis and synthesis, systematization, economic and statistical, expert evaluation. Presentation of the main material (research results). On the basis of the results of the study of directions for total energy saving, an energy management organization scheme was developed and proposed. It has been proven that under market conditions, the main task in the field of the national economy is the production of the maximum amount of products with the minimum consumption of resources, that is, the producer must be interested (with the help of financial leverage) in the production of energy– efficient products and demand from the producers of the means of production energy–saving materials, machines, equipment, technologies. The general structure of external factors of the energy saving process is presented in the form of legislative support for entrepreneurs regarding energy saving; tax, monetary and depreciation policy, regulation of investment conditions, etc., which is confirmed by expert assessment. Field of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the practical activities of modern enterprises, organizations and institutions to improve the energy saving process in conditions of digitalization. Conclusions on the article. Thus, it is substantiated that when choosing an energy saving measure, the size of capital investments for its implementation is a determining factor, which indicates insufficient funding. In many cases, the lack of qualified personnel in enterprises in the conditions of digitalization leads not only to ignoring, but also to the obstacle of carrying out these activities, the lack of elementary ideas about efficiency and usefulness, which requires further research. Keywords: model, security impact, state regulation, world globalization, process, energy

Relevance of the research topic. The study of the issue of organizational and economic directions of energy saving as a factor in increasing the capitalization of innovatively oriented agro– food enterprises in the conditions of safety management and changes in logistics is conditioned by the lack of a unified approach to the implementation of the algorithm of this process. Formulation of the problem. Capitalization of the intellectual work of innovatively oriented enterprises in the agro–food sector takes place through the capitalization of the profit obtained as a result of this work and the capitalization of intellectual property. Saving energy is an important component of accelerating the development of agrarian business and, as a result, increasing the capitalization of the economy, which in the conditions of security management and changes in logistics determines the relevance of the research topic. Setting the purpose and objectives of the study – to investigate the organizational and economic directions of energy saving as a factor in increasing the capitalization of innovatively oriented agro–food enterprises in the conditions of security management and changes in logistics. Research method or methodology. The article uses the following methods: monographic, economic–mathematical, economic–statistical, analysis and synthesis, systematization. Presentation of the main material (research results). The method of determining the cost price through the energy cost is proposed. Its application in practice will allow solving the problems of forecasting the future unit cost of production and increasing the capitalization of innovatively oriented agro–food enterprises in the conditions of security management and changes in logistics, which will simplify the issue of directions for the sale of finished products. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in practical activities for the implementation of organizational and economic directions of energy saving as a factor in increasing the capitalization of innovatively oriented enterprises of the agro–food sector in the conditions of safety management and changes in logistics. Conclusions on the article. It has been proven that determining the forecast cost and capitalization change of innovatively oriented enterprises in the agro–food sector due to aggregate energy costs reduces the share of the risk of receiving a loss from sales. However, determining the energy intensity of production and comparing it with the standard will become a real event in science only if there is economic interest. At the current stage of security management and changes in logistics in Ukraine, the institutions for stimulating work in terms of energy saving are not sufficiently developed. Their clarification and development is the subject of further research.

The subject. The article considers the current processes of implementation of European legislation in the field of sustainable energy development to the legislation. The purpose. The main aspects of fulfilling Ukraine’s obligations in accordance with the requirements of Directive 2009/73 / EC «On common rules for the internal market in natural gas» and Directive 2012/27 / EC on energy efficiency are considered. Research methods. The reasons for the slow pace of development of legislative innovations to meet the requirements of the Association Agreement have been identified. In order to increase the level of implementation of European legislation in the field of sustainable energy development to the legislation of Ukraine, a number of measures have been proposed. Results of work. In the global dimension, the Ukrainian energy sector ensures the energy security of the European continent. However, in the field of sustainable energy development, issues are raised not only to meet the needs of mankind for energy resources, but also to reduce the destructive anthropogenic impact on the environment. Conclusions. Proposed measures are effective tools in the process of implementation of European legislation in the field of sustainable energy development to the legislation of Ukraine.

The article covers the key strategic documents in Ukraine’s energy development. In particular, the content, pros and cons of these documents are analyzed (including «New Energy Strategy of Ukraine by 2035: Security, Energy Efficiency, and Competitiveness», National Clean Energy Action Plan by 2020, National Energy Efficiency Action Plan by 2020. The current aspects of strategic energy planning at the regional and local levels are defined, based on the results of the regional energy action plans and sustainable energy action plans. Key issues in Ukraine’s strategic planning system are pinpointed, in particular weak justification for the energy efficiency (EE) indicators provided in the national strategic documents, inconsistency and lacking coordination in elaboration of the national, regional, and municipal EE development strategies. The core principles of the three–level national energy development strategy are proposed.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to investigate the interaction of climate change with land use to properly understand the consequences and make management decisions, taking into account all the risks and opportunities to ensure non-extensive use and long-term conservation of land resources for future generations. Methodology / approach. The methodological approach involves studying the practice of land use management by analyzing integrated indicators: vulnerability of land use to climate change (responding for climate change prevention) and assessing the impact of climate change on land use (adaptation to climate change) the basis for the calculation of which were quantitative and qualitative indicators for the period 2000–2020. Results. It is established that the existing land management system in Ukraine in accordance with the policy of international organizations and the Sustainable Development Agenda until 2030 requires consideration of new technologies and practices in combating climate change and its consequences based on national conditions and priorities. Studies of the effectiveness of management measures in the field of land use showed that in the period 2000–2009, responding measures for climate change prevention were mostly targeted, and in 2010–2020 acquired signs of systemicity, while for the entire study period the effectiveness of adaptation measures underwent minor changes. At the same time, having positive dynamics, but different trends in the period from 2012 to 2014, measures to respond and adapt to climate challenges equalized in effectiveness. It is found that after 2014, more efforts, financial resources and means have begun to be spent on combating the consequences than on measures to adapt to climate change. This means that the current land management system needs immediate transformation. After all, it is impossible to allow any extreme phenomena to jeopardize the food security of the state. The effectiveness of management activities should be not only in a timely response, but first of all in trying to be proactive reducing vulnerability and increasing the resilience of land use to climate change. Originality / scientific novelty. This is the first comparative analysis of the effectiveness of land management measures regarding the interaction of climate change with land use according to indicators in dynamics. The need to increase the adaptive capacity to reduce potential losses in land use in the future is substantiated. Practical value / implications. The results of the study can serve as a basis for modernization of existing land use projects and improvement of ways to manage them on the basis of low-carbon development to ensure food security of the population of Ukraine in the context of climate change.

Nowadays, the issue of resource saving is increasingly brought up for discussion. This is due to serious concerns about the problem of Ecology, depletion of land resources and economic efficiency of production. Resource saving is a set of measures associated with the economical and efficient use of different production factors. The Government plays a significant part in the formation and development of resource saving in the country. Such important instruments of regulation of spheres of economic activity as investment, monetary, tax, price, legislative, program–target, informational, administrative–organizational and managerial and stimulating, on the one hand, allow to support organizations, on the other hand, limit and control them, setting the direction of development of their activities to conserve natural resources. As the title implies the article describes the main factors of influence and directions of state regulation of the resource–saving development management system of the enterprise in different countries. Factors of external and internal influence on the management of the development of resource conservation of the enterprise were clustered and considered. The article gives a detailed analysis the crucial of public policy for development resource conservation of enterprises, because a major reforms, modernization and re–equipment process of enterprises are impossible without strong state support. Much attention is given to determinate some directions of state policy in the management system of resource saving on the example of different countries of the world. A system of principles of resource conservation in developed countries is proposed and justified. Moreover, the main motivational incentives for the use of renewable energy sources by the CIS and European Union countries are considered. The article touches upon the main issues of state regulation and management of the development of resource conservation of enterprise. The article also reveals the main problems from the point of view of resource management and resource conservation development for Ukrainian enterprises.

On the way to the development of intelligent rural electricity networks, there are problems associated with changing the structure of generation and consumption of electricity, which can be solved only by the transition to digital energy. The analysis of the development of intelligent networks in the world and the main practical achievements of digitalization are carried out in the work. The strategic ways of development of rural electric networks and stages of complex modernization of electric network infrastructure with application of the modern electrotechnical equipment and digital technologies are analyzed. The directions of development of electric networks on the way of their modernization and the program of gradual introduction of digital substations with use of the modernized electrotechnical equipment, development of power systems with introduction of alternative power and system of local power networks are offered. The paper considers the ways of development of modern smart energy systems with the introduction of alternative energy and the development of the system of local energy networks (LEN). It is proposed to develop the Smart Grid system in stages, one of which should be implemented by combining such electric local and centralized networks as agro-industrial enterprises, industrial enterprises and individual consumers working on a single base of intelligent technologies, district and city networks. To accelerate the digital transformation in rural electrical networks, it is proposed to carry out intensive implementation of intelligent sensors, sensor devices and robotics in energy, the use of mobile applications and the full range of cloud computing capabilities; to ensure the creation of a modern infrastructure for processing, storage and transmission, to provide the necessary guidelines through forward forecasting, the desire to think and act for the benefit of future generations. To create an international scientific center "intelligent network" in real time to discuss analytical data and standards of digital solutions, forecasts and scenarios of future technologies, exchange of information and experience; to provide stimulation of innovations, creation of attractive conditions which with high probability will involve intellectual resources.

Analysis of energy efficiency problems has revealed growth of world's energy consumption while the use of petroleum products decreases suggesting that petroleum products are replaced with other energy sources and global economic crises. World’s energy consumption grows constant growth and according to the forecast it will continue grow in future. The use of coal, natural gas, biofuels and waste in the world will increase, as well as energy from wind, solar and other energy sources, including in agriculture and forestry. The use of fuel and electricity on farms is as critical for sustainable development and energy saving as the use of soil and water. Energy efficiency is an integral part of sustainable agriculture. Progress in energy efficiency, which is already lagging behind, faces further setbacks due to Covid-19 pandemic. Energy consumption in agriculture is only a small share of total final energy consumption in Europe. Moreover, energy consumption in agriculture has declined rapidly over the last 20 years. However, there is a significant difference among EU member states. There is no single solution to increase energy efficiency in agriculture. In Ukraine, the consumption of renewable energy sources and biofuels in agriculture and forestry shows increase. Ukraine is reducing agricultural production slowly and unevenly while switching to biofuels and almost not switching to alternative energy sources and replacing it with anthracite or biofuels due to the rising cost of natural gas. Significant potential for reducing the energy intensity of Ukraine's GDP lies in improving the energy efficiency of agricultural industry, but the realization of this potential is complicated by industry-specific shortcomings: high energy consumption of prosecution, which reduces competitiveness of products in the market; low energy efficiency of labor, which does not correspond to the current level of development of agricultural technologies and equipment.

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of the existing system of ecological taxation for carbon dioxide emissions in Ukraine and to develop directions for its improvement in the post-war period. Methodology / approach. The following methods were used for the study: office research (collection and study of static information); comparative (comparison of the situation regarding ecological taxation in Ukraine and the EU); regression analysis (determining the impact of the tax rate for carbon dioxide emissions on reducing emissions); descriptive modeling (modeling of the environmental taxation mechanism). Results. After comparing the volumes of carbon dioxide emissions from stationary sources of pollution in 2019 with the amount of revenues from the environmental tax for emissions of carbon dioxide into atmospheric air, it was determined that the share of untaxed emissions was 21.5 %, or 26.1 million tons. After constructing the regression equation of dependence to determine the impact of the tax rate for carbon dioxide emissions by stationary sources of pollution (X) on the reduction of CO2 emissions (Y), it was established that an increase in the rate by 1 % leads to a decrease in CO2 emissions by 9.7 % relative to the average values in the sample. According to the conducted research, carbon dioxide emissions during 2019–2020 decreased by 10.1 % with a 24.4-fold increase in the tax rate, and in 2021 – increased by 9.9 % compared to the previous year. On the basis of the analysis of the mechanism of taxation of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmospheric air in Ukraine, its shortcomings were identified, which were related to the need to carry out an inventory to establish the fact of exceeding the limit volume of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmospheric air, which leads to the underestimation of emissions in a legal way. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, a mechanism of ecological taxation was proposed for agricultural enterprises that violate the scientifically based structure of sown areas in order to stop the negative processes of soil degradation and stabilize the agro-ecological situation in Ukraine. Moving forward of proposals regarding the introduction of a tax on the consumption of energy resources was through the development of a model of the carbon tax mechanism for fossil fuel taxation in Ukraine. Practical value / significance. The main results of the research can be used to improve the tax and soil protection policy of the state when developing measures aimed at decarbonizing industry and agriculture and accelerating the integration of the domestic economic system into the systems of the EU countries.