• Energy Research
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The subject of the research is the infrastructure objects of the settlements of Ukraine, namely the energy supply systems (heat, gas and electricity supply) both traditional and alternative. The purpose of the study is to determine the priority of the use of various fuels: traditional and alternative, as well as the impact of their combustion products on the environment to justify the ways and tools of renovation of housing and communal services of Ukraine. Research methods. When writing the article, general scientific and special methods of research of physical and economic phenomena concerning the functioning and strategy of development of the fuel and energy complex of the state were used. Results of work. Replacement of the main fuel – natural gas – for the needs of heat sources, electricity alternative gives imaginary savings of local budgets in terms of decentralization of public administration (due to the difference in prices of natural gas and other fossil fuels). At the same time, only such measures pose a number of other problems. Increasing environmental pollution is one of them. Legislative support, tariff policy, requirements of current regulations in Ukraine on environmental safety, production, supply of heat and electricity to end users are analyzed. In accordance with them, the replacement of natural gas with alternative fuels is considered. The projected cost of energy received, emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere are calculated. The values of emission indicators are obtained, which are based on data on the physicochemical composition and consumption of each of the fuels, taking into account the characteristics of combustion processes and measures to reduce emissions of a particular ingredient. A comparative analysis of fuels in relation to the environmental impact of combustion products, as well as directly the cost of the fuels themselves. Field of application of results. Ecology, housing and communal services, fuel and energy complex. Conclusions. In rural areas, by converting waste from agricultural production and wood processing as a secondary raw material into quality biofuels, it is advisable to introduce the replacement of traditional natural gas with alternative fuels. In urban settlements, the implementation of measures to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings and structures may reduce the consumption of traditional natural gas, and the savings can be used, for example, for thermal modernization of their outer shell. This will allow to leave as the main fossil fuel for the needs of district heating the cheapest and most environmentally friendly – natural gas.

Relevance of the research topic. The study of the issue of modeling the safety influence of the levers of state regulation and global globalization on the process of energy saving of enterprises in the conditions of digitalization is conditioned by the lack of a single approach to the implementation of the algorithm of this process. Formulation of the problem. Existing state programs for energy saving do not always find the widest possible distribution. One of the reasons for this situation is the monopoly position of regional energy, sometimes opaque operations, difficulty of understanding for entrepreneurs, lack of competition in the energy services market. In our opinion, an alternative can be the creation of service centers of enterprises, manufacturers of equipment, which will exchange the old equipment, which is handed over to them by manufacturers, for a new one. The state must compulsorily compensate the cost of new equipment. The existence of problems with the safety influence of the levers of state regulation and world globalization on the process of energy saving of enterprises in the conditions of digitalization determines the relevance of the research topic. Setting the purpose and objectives of the study – to investigate the model of the safety influence of the levers of state regulation and global globalization on the process of energy saving of enterprises in the conditions of digitalization. Research method or methodology. The following methods are used in the article: graphic, monographic, analysis and synthesis, systematization, economic and statistical, expert evaluation. Presentation of the main material (research results). On the basis of the results of the study of directions for total energy saving, an energy management organization scheme was developed and proposed. It has been proven that under market conditions, the main task in the field of the national economy is the production of the maximum amount of products with the minimum consumption of resources, that is, the producer must be interested (with the help of financial leverage) in the production of energy– efficient products and demand from the producers of the means of production energy–saving materials, machines, equipment, technologies. The general structure of external factors of the energy saving process is presented in the form of legislative support for entrepreneurs regarding energy saving; tax, monetary and depreciation policy, regulation of investment conditions, etc., which is confirmed by expert assessment. Field of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the practical activities of modern enterprises, organizations and institutions to improve the energy saving process in conditions of digitalization. Conclusions on the article. Thus, it is substantiated that when choosing an energy saving measure, the size of capital investments for its implementation is a determining factor, which indicates insufficient funding. In many cases, the lack of qualified personnel in enterprises in the conditions of digitalization leads not only to ignoring, but also to the obstacle of carrying out these activities, the lack of elementary ideas about efficiency and usefulness, which requires further research. Keywords: model, security impact, state regulation, world globalization, process, energy

Deliverable D1.3 - Didactic materials of the course "Sustainability reporting and its assurance" Project: “EU BEST PRACTICE OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING” 101047667 — EULASTING — ERASMUS-JMO-2021-HEI-TCH-RSCH https://bit.ly/3Bbvquw Pasko O. (2022) Sustainability reporting and its assurance [Electronic resource]: Lecture notes for Master, PhD students of the Faculty of Economics and Management, special. 071 Accounting and taxation and 073 – Management and business representatives / Oleh Pasko; Sumy National Agrarian University. – Electronic text data. – Sumy: SNAU, 2022. – 100 p. – Access mode: https://zenodo.org/deposit/7262989 free (access date: dd.mm.yyyy). – Title from the screen. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7262989

The subject. The article considers the current processes of implementation of European legislation in the field of sustainable energy development to the legislation. The purpose. The main aspects of fulfilling Ukraine’s obligations in accordance with the requirements of Directive 2009/73 / EC «On common rules for the internal market in natural gas» and Directive 2012/27 / EC on energy efficiency are considered. Research methods. The reasons for the slow pace of development of legislative innovations to meet the requirements of the Association Agreement have been identified. In order to increase the level of implementation of European legislation in the field of sustainable energy development to the legislation of Ukraine, a number of measures have been proposed. Results of work. In the global dimension, the Ukrainian energy sector ensures the energy security of the European continent. However, in the field of sustainable energy development, issues are raised not only to meet the needs of mankind for energy resources, but also to reduce the destructive anthropogenic impact on the environment. Conclusions. Proposed measures are effective tools in the process of implementation of European legislation in the field of sustainable energy development to the legislation of Ukraine.

The article covers the key strategic documents in Ukraine’s energy development. In particular, the content, pros and cons of these documents are analyzed (including «New Energy Strategy of Ukraine by 2035: Security, Energy Efficiency, and Competitiveness», National Clean Energy Action Plan by 2020, National Energy Efficiency Action Plan by 2020. The current aspects of strategic energy planning at the regional and local levels are defined, based on the results of the regional energy action plans and sustainable energy action plans. Key issues in Ukraine’s strategic planning system are pinpointed, in particular weak justification for the energy efficiency (EE) indicators provided in the national strategic documents, inconsistency and lacking coordination in elaboration of the national, regional, and municipal EE development strategies. The core principles of the three–level national energy development strategy are proposed.

The subject of the study is increasing of energy efficiency in the Ukrainian economy and the specific features of domestic energy policy. The purpose of the study is proposed measures for increasing the efficiency of Ukraine’s energy policy and improving the mechanism of economic cooperation in the energy sector of Ukraine and the EU. Research methods. The work uses the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, the method of analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, the method of data generalization. Results of work. The paper defines the problems of energy efficiency and energy saving in the Ukrainian energy sector. The instruments of regulatory, financial–economic, technical and infrastructural nature that must be implemented in Ukraine are proposed. Measures for reducing the energy dependence of Ukraine and the EU from external sources have been developed. Conclusions. The results of the study generalized in the following conclusions: problems of energy efficiency and energy saving in the Ukrainian energy sector were identified; ways of solving problems based on the use of a wide range of instruments of regulatory, techno–technological, financial– economic and infrastructural nature are offered.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential of renewable energy of agricultural raw materials for the production of biofuels in Ukraine. Methodology / approach. The methodological base of the research is a systematic approach to the study of socio-economic systems. General scientific and special methods are used for solving certain tasks in the research process, namely: abstract-logical (for theoretical synthesis of conclusions and analysis of the research results); economic-statistical and monographic (for the analysis of the current state of Ukraine’s agricultural potential in the production of biofuels). Results. Energy dependence and the possibility of renewable energy sources use are defined as the driving force behind the development of bioenergy in Ukraine. It has been proved that annual rate of growth of price of gas and fossil energy sources lead to the development and use of bioenergy fuels. It is substantiated that Ukraine has significant opportunities in biomass cultivation and in use of bioenergy fuels, which will allow to be an energy independent country in the global space and to provide consumers and producers with the necessary amount of liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Originality / scientific novelty. It was found that the annual increase in the volume of grain production in Ukraine leads to agricultural products surplus formation, which eventually goes for export to meet the needs of other countries in food production, livestock feed and poultry industry, as well as for oxygen-containing production additive «bioethanol» to gasoline. It was established that agricultural sector of Ukraine provides not only food security of the country, but also affects the country energy autonomy and creates a competitive environment on petroleum products market of through the bioenergy fuels introduction. Practical value / implications. The trends of changes in volumes of grain crops export from Ukraine have been estimated. The share of biomass in the structure of renewable energy sources in some EU member states consumption has been determined and analyzed. Conducted analysis will help Ukrainian producers and other stakeholders to plan biofuel business activities.

The methodology of preparation of the Stakeholders Engagement Plan – the essential component of the up–to–date and important document for the Ukrainian cities – the Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan – is described. The current state of formation of the request for energy efficiency (EE) at national and local authorities level is analyzed. The conclusions on the necessity to form the grassroots request for EE (from local communities as the main stakeholders of enhancing EE) are drawn. The application of the stakeholders theory in the number of research works of foreign and national academics is analyzed. The particular emphasis is put on the critical review of academic papers, applying the stakeholder–oriented approach to energy development at local level. The obtained results of the research may be used within the preparation of the strategic documents on energy policy at local level, the implementation of IFI–funded infrastructure projects, aimed at various stakeholders, the building of socially responsible images of businesses, etc.