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Abstract: The Northern Gannet Morus bossanus is an avian sentinel; the largest breeding seabird in Ireland and an obligate piscivore. Gannet eggs were collected from two island colonies off the east coast of Ireland, approximately 150km from each other, in locations with divergent history of industrialization (n = 10-20). Levels of potentially harmful contaminants including Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Organochlorine pesticides (OCs), heavy metals and mercury were measured and differences of contaminant concentrations between different colonies compared. This is the first such study of contaminant levels in Gannet, or in any seabird egg in Ireland. Stable isotopes of carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) were measured in each egg to understand the influence of diet in contaminant levels detected. Significantly higher levels of PCBs, PBDEs and mercury were detected near Dublin (Ireland's industrialized capital city and location of its largest port) compared to Wexford. No differences were observed in levels of OCs and heavy metals between the two colonies. Stable isotope analysis demonstrated that Gannets in both locations occupy the same dietary niche excluding a difference in diet as the driver of differing contaminant levels in the two feeding areas. Though Gannets travel significant distances when foraging for food (~200km) tracking studies have shown that Gannets colonies maintain exclusive feeding areas with little overlap between neighbouring colonies. Differences between colonies within the feeding range of Gannets can therefore be detected despite Gannet's high dispersal ability. These results are in concurrence with elevated levels of contaminants in lower trophic level organisms that have been found in Dublin Bay compared to the rest of Ireland, indicating potential for Gannets as a higher trophic level indicator - though variability in their diet, including feeding on fishing discard, may lead to unacceptable levels of variability for an indicator species. Authors: Andrew Power��, Philip White��, Brendan McHugh��, Sinead Murphy��, Simon Berrow��, Moira Schlingermann��, Stephen Newton��, Linda O'Hea��, Brian Boyle��, Marissa Tannian��, Denis Crowley��, Evin McGovern��, Ian O'Connor�� ��Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, ��Marine Institute, ��BirdWatch Ireland

Quantitative camera surveys of benthic megafauna were carried out during the expedition ARK-XXVII/3 to the Eastern Central Arctic basins with the research icebreaker Polarstern in summer 2012 (2 August-29 September). Nine transects were performed for the first time in deep-sea areas previously fully covered by ice, four of them in the Nansen Basin (3571-4066m) and five in the Amundsen Basin (4041-4384m). At seven of these stations benthic Agassiz trawls were taken near the camera tracks for species identification.

The Gollum Channels and Whittard Canyon (NE Atlantic) are two areas that receive high input of organic matter and phytodetritus from euphotic layers, but they are typified by different trophic and hydrodynamic conditions. Sediment biogeochemistry was analysed in conjunction with structure and diversity of the nematode community and differences were tested between study areas, water depths (700 m vs 1000 m), stations, and sediment layers. The Gollum Channels and Whittard Canyon harboured high meiofauna abundances (1054-1426 ind. 10 cm**-2) and high nematode diversity (total of 181 genera). Next to enhanced meiofauna abundance and nematode biomass, there were signs of high levels of organic matter deposition leading to reduced sedimentary conditions, which in turn structured the nematode community. Striking in this respect was the presence of large numbers of 'chemosynthetic' Astomonema nematodes (Astomonema southwardorum, Order Monhysterida, Family Siphonolaimidae). This genus lacks a mouth, buccal cavity and pharynx and possesses a rudimentary gut containing internal, symbiotic prokaryotes which have been recognised as sulphur-oxidising bacteria. Dominance of Astomonema may indicate the presence of reduced environments in the study areas, which is partially confirmed by the local biogeochemical environment. The nematode communities were mostly affected by sediment layer differences and concomitant trophic conditions rather than other spatial gradients related to study area, water depth or station differences, pointing to small-scale heterogeneity as the main source of variation in nematode structure and function. Furthermore, the positive relation between nematode standing stocks, and quantity and quality of the organic matter was stronger when hydrodynamic disturbance was greater. Analogically, this study also suggests that structural diversity can be positively correlated with trophic conditions and that this relation is tighter when hydrodynamic disturbance is greater.

Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency has abundant in fish resource including pelagic, demersal, and reef fish. This study was conducted to assess fish biomass variability and of fish community structure in coastal waters of Tangerang Regency which can be used as a basis in determining alternatives for sustainable fish resource management. This research was conducted in June and August 2013 in three locations i.e., Kronjo, Cituis, and Tanjung Pasir. Primary data collected were fish weight per species. Fish biomass from each locations was obtained using swept area method using trawl. The results showed that Kronjo region contained the highest total average biomass of fish. Temporally, total ave-rage biomass of fish in August was higher than in June for Kronjo and Cituis. Meanwhile, the con-trary occurred in Tanjung Pasir. This conditions occurred due to the high current and high wave in August than in June. In general, biomass of planktivorous was dominant during the study indicating overfishing lead to fishing down the food web in the Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency.

Abstract: Common murres (Uria aalge) are expected to buffer activity budgets during poor conditions to compensate for low prey availability. However during a marine heatwave (2014-16) in the eastern North Pacific, we found that common murres nesting at Yaquina Head, Oregon, USA had near zero reproductive success (2015-17). Breeding success during this time was compounded by top down pressure from avian predators, primarily bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), and while disturbance rates were highest in 2016 (0.495/hr), rates were slightly lower during the other heatwave years (0.29/hr) than preceding (2011-2013, 0.37/hr), when reproductive success was 0.41��0.06. Murres showed multiple signs of prey limitation during heatwave years. Birds caught at-sea near the colony and fitted with Argos-PTTs (2015-2016, n=15) typically foraged 174 km north at the mouth of the Columbia River. Daytime dives and central place foraging trips were notably longer in duration in 2015 than 2013. Feeding delivery rates during heatwave conditions in 2016 were on average the lowest in our time series ~0.15/hr (1999-2002, 2010-present). Fish length was not notably different from average in 2016, thus it appears murres did not compensate by increasing the size of delivered. In assessing heatwave impact, colony structure was also important, as a small subset of birds in nesting locations protected from eagle disturbance hatched chicks, at reduced rates, during peak heatwave years. The effects of the heatwave persisted into 2017, but in 2018 and 2019 reproductive success was high despite the continued occurrences of bald eagle disturbances. This suggests that predation can impede reproductive effort when prey availability was poor, potentially benefiting individuals by preventing investment in breeding, with reduced effect as foraging conditions improve. Our results indicate that murre reproductive success may be more stochastic as marine heatwaves become more common and the impact of these events may be exacerbated by predation at colonies. Authors: Jessica Porquez��, Rachael Orben��, Jane Dolliver��, Stephanie Loredo��, Ana Medina Roman��, Donald Lyons��, Robert Suryan�� ��Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, ��National Audubon Society, ��NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center

Abstract: A significant portion of the global population of Grey-headed Albatrosses (Thalassarche chrysostoma; Endangered) breed on sub-Antarctic Marion Island (46��53��� S 37��44��� E). Although most pairs breed on coastal cliffs, ca 4000 pairs breed on an inland ridge. These birds occasionally crash into the valley below the ridge, with birds either dying on impact or as a result of starvation if they are unable to take off again due to injury or absence of suitable wind conditions. We determined the number of birds affected and their distribution within the valley by counting carcasses and stranded birds in the valley on a regular basis between 2017 and 2019. Of the carcasses recovered, almost half are juveniles presumably killed during their first flight, with 41��23 killed per year (2.4% of chicks fledged each year). On average 45��21 adult carcasses were recovered each year, which represents 0.6% of the annual breeding population along the ridge, making wind-induced collision mortality a significant cause of death for a species that has a natural mortality rate of only ca 4% per year. Wind measurements taken in the area show this region is associated with high turbulence and gustiness. Simulations of wind around the ridge, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), show that the flow over the area with the highest crash density is characterised by a concentrated down-draft under specific wind conditions. Although albatrosses are efficient at detecting and exploiting wind gradients at sea, operating near ground can be extremely risky, as these birds lack the power needed to respond to strong turbulence and downdrafts that are commonly associated with steep terrain. Crashes represent a source of mortality that is rarely considered. Further studies are needed to ascertain which wind conditions are most risky, whether they reduce the risk of crashing by avoiding taking off or landing under these conditions, and how the birds might be impacted by changing wind regimes. Simulating changes in wind speed and direction would aid in understanding the potential effects of wind as a factor of climate change on the local wind patterns and, subsequently, the population dynamics of Grey-headed Albatrosses breeding on Marion Island. Authors: Janine Schoombie��, Stefan Schoombie��, Kyle Goddard��, Emily Shepard��, Peter Ryan���, Lelanie Smith��, Ken Craig�� ��University of Pretoria, ��Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, ��Swansea University, ���FitzPatric Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town

Tide height is an important parameter in obtaining the amount of tidal energy by utilizing the potential energy contained in the water caused by the movement of sea water caused tidal. Karimun waters of Riau Island province has a reservoir of 29.69 Ha former tin mining which is directly related to the sea connected by floodgates that allegedly contained the potential for tidal energy is high. Karimun tidal waters that occurs twice ebb tide twice the difference between the highest to the lowest ebb during spring tide reaches 3.8 m while the difference during neap 0.2 m. In the planning of generating tidal power necessary to study potential energy, mechanical energy, in addition to the natural factors that must be considered is the morphology of the beach, water characteristics, topography, rainfall, sea depth and lithology underwater, because it influences the volume of reservoirs, construction field and construction of energy converters. Design of tidal power generation using penstock pipe dimensions of 3.7 m, designed stainless kaplan turbines installed perpendicular coupled to a synchronous generator pole shoe (salient) 39889.7 kW generator power output. Results of analysis of tidal energy potential of an average of 46910.6 kWh in 2013 and average of 46605.4 kWh in 2014. It was concluded that the use of energy known to be used as a reference in planning tidal power plant.

The boron isotope systematics has been determined for azooxanthellate scleractinian corals from a wide range of both deep-sea and shallow-water environments. The aragonitic coral species, Caryophyllia smithii, Desmophyllum dianthus, Enallopsammia rostrata, Lophelia pertusa, and Madrepora oculata, are all found to have relatively high d11B compositions ranging from 23.2 per mil to 28.7 per mil. These values lie substantially above the pH-dependent inorganic seawater borate equilibrium curve, indicative of strong up-regulation of pH of the internal calcifying fluid (pH(cf)), being elevated by ~0.6-0.8 units (Delta pH) relative to ambient seawater. In contrast, the deep-sea calcitic coral Corallium sp. has a significantly lower d11B composition of 15.5 per mil, with a corresponding lower Delta pH value of ~0.3 units, reflecting the importance of mineralogical control on biological pH up-regulation. The solitary coral D. dianthus was sampled over a wide range of seawater pH(T) and shows an approximate linear correlation with Delta pH(Desmo) = 6.43 - 0.71 pH(T) (r**2 = 0.79). An improved correlation is however found with the closely related parameter of seawater aragonite saturation state, where Delta pH(Desmo) = 1.09 - 0.14 Omega(arag) (r**2 = 0.95), indicating the important control that carbonate saturation state has on calcification. The ability to up-regulate internal pH(cf), and consequently Omega(cf), of the calcifying fluid is therefore a process present in both azooxanthellate and zooxanthellate aragonitic corals, and is attributed to the action of Ca2+ -ATPase in modulating the proton gradient between seawater and the site of calcification. These findings also show that the boron isotopic compositions (d11Bcarb) of aragonitic corals are highly systematic and consistent with direct uptake of the borate species within the biologically controlled extracellular calcifying medium.

SeaDataNet is the Pan-European infrastructure for marine and ocean data management and delivery services. It is supported by the EU under its Research Infrastructures programme. It connects 40 National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODC's) and 50 other data centres from 35 countries, bordering the European seas and Atlantic Ocean. The centres are mostly part of major marine management and research organisations that are acquiring and managing a large collection of marine and ocean data from various disciplines. This includes major international organisations, ICES and IOC-IODE. The overall objective is provide overview and access to marine and oceanographic data and data-products from government and research institutes in Europe. SeaDataNet contributes to the implementation of the EU INSPIRE and Marine Strategy Framework Directives. It also plays a key role in the development and operation of the EU EMODNet initiative. The SeaDataNet infrastructure is fully operational and INSPIRE compliant. It includes a versatile SeaDataNet portal (https://www.seadatanet.org) that provides users with a range of metadata, data and data product access services as well as standards, tools and guides for good marine data management. The Common Data Index (CDI) data discovery and access service provides harmonised access to the large volumes of datasets that are managed by the connected data centres. The CDI service contains already references and gives access to more than 1,5 milllion marine and oceanographic datasets as managed by 90 data centres. These numbers are increasing regularly because of further data population and more connected data centres as part of SeaDataNet II, EMODnet and other EU projects. For inclusion in the SeaDataNet INSPIRE compliant CSW service, the CDI records (at granule level) have been aggregated into CDI collections by a combination of Discipline, Data Centre, and geometric type. Each CSW XML record therefore represents a large collection of individual metadata records and associated datasets. By following the specified URL to the SeaDataNet portal users can evaluate these metadata in detail and request access by downloading of interesting datasets via the shopping cart transaction system that is integrated in the SeaDataNet portal.

Area of Indonesia consists of 80% water, which contains abundance of potential fish resources, Those fish resources should be utilized for as much as prosperity and welfare for Indonesian. In fact, fish resourceshaven't enhanced the living standard, which is sustainable and equitable. Issues on fisheries come up such as exaggeration of fishing, theft fish, illegal fishing activities and the use of fish resources that exceeding thegeneration of fish itself. That circumstance will cause harm for the state, the fishermen, as well as people in general. The use of tools that harm the nature will cause the decrease of fish resources and threat thesustainability of fish resources. The aim of writing this article is to analyze law enforcement related to the sustainability of fish resources and the sustainability of fish resources, viewed from the perspective of justice.As the result of the study, law enforcement to protect the fish resources generally has not given attention to the sustainability of fish resources, therefore fishermen still use unfriendly tools to catch the fishes. Thoseunfriendly tools will cause the occurrence of over-fishing and will impact to the environmental damages. Those kinds of things will destruct the fishes, therefore the quantity of fish will have deteriorated and evencould be extinct. Those environmental damages would suffer the present generation as well as the next generation since they couldn't consume fish which is very essential for the growth of the human body anderadicate the job for the people as the fishermen. The present generation will be sinful if the next generation will get the impact of what the present generation done. In order to reduce more over-fishing activities and the distrust of the fish habitat it needs the law enforcement, which is oriented to the sustainability of fish resources. The sustainability of fishery resources couldn't maintain its existence, this could be seen as the symbol of environmental damages. In this case, the law also needs to make integration of fish resources sustainability to be processed so that it will result output law enforcement which is oriented to fish resourcessustainability. As a conclusion, in law enforcement oriented to fish resources sustainability, it needs to be thought by the lawmaker to embed that the law should contain idea or concept about justice, legal certainty,the significance of fish resources and the implementation of the law itself. In the fish resources utilization and law enforcements, it needs to pay attention to the justice principle; intergenerational equity; intergenerational equity; precautionary; conservation of biological diversity; conservation of biological diversity.