GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: ThermalManipulation_Data 2. Date of data collection : Main text data: 2019-06-19 Supplemental Data: 2021-03-20 3. Geographic location of data collection Main article data: April Point, Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada (50.064067, -125.236816) Supplemental Data: Spanish Banks beach, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (49.278124, -123.222027) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: Main text: - 01_Quadra_heatingData.csv: data was collected to evaluate the initial tidepool heating manipulation trial. The data contains information on abiotic parameters for each treatment condition. - 02_Quadra_coolingData.csv : data was collected to evaluate the tidepool cooling temperature manipulation trial. The data contains information on abiotic parameters for each treatment condition throughout the trial. Supporting Materials: - 03_SupplementalData_Trial1_HOBO.csv: data was collected to assess how pool temperatures and heating by the SAUTE may vary between containers of similar volume but different dimensions. This dataset provides high temporal resolution temperature measurements. - 04_SupplementalData_Trial1_SpotMeas.csv: data was collected to assess how pool temperatures and heating by the SAUTE may vary between containers of similar volume but different dimensions. This dataset contains spot measurements at a variety of locations (see diagrams in supplement of publication) throughout each container to better understand patterns of thermal variation within a container. - 05_SupplementalData_Trial2_HOBO.csv: data was collected to evaluate the ability of the SAUTE to heat a large volume of water (100L). HOBO data loggers were placed at various locations (see diagrams in supplement of publication) throughout each container. - 06_SupplementalData_Trial2_SpotMeas: data was collected to evaluate the ability of the SAUTE to heat a large volume of water (100L). Spot measurements were taken at various locations (see diagrams in supplement of publication) throughout each container to assess thermal variation within a container. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [01_Quadra_heatingData.csv] 1. Number of variables: 8 2. Number of cases/rows: 135 3. Variable List: - pool_ID: unique identifier for each pool - treatment: level of treatment condition (Ambient/Control/Heated) - time: time of measurement (PST, 24hr format) - temperature: water temperature (degrees celsius) - salinity: water salinity (psu) - pH: water pH - DO_mg_L : Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) measured in a subset of pools and timepoints - DO_Percent : Dissolved Oxygen (%) measured in a subset of pools and timepoints 4. Missing Values: NA values indicate missing values. Data was not collected for given parameter(s) at these timepoints. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [02_Quadra_coolingData.csv] 1. Number of variables: 5 2. Number of cases/rows: 64 3. Variable List: - pool_ID: unique identifier for each pool - treatment: level of treatment condition (Cooled/Control) - time: time of measurement (PST, 24hr format) - temperature: water temperature (degrees celsius) - salinity: water salinity (psu) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [03_SupplementalData_Trial1_HOBO.csv] 1. Number of variables: 5 2. Number of cases/rows: 1600 3. Variable List: - Date-Time (PST): Date and time (PST & 24hr format) of temperature measurement - heating_treatment: level of treatment condition (Control/Heated) - container_type: type of experimental container used (bucket/tray) - container_ID: Identifier within each heating_treatment*container_type combination - temperature: water temperature (degrees celsius) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [04_SupplementalData_Trial1_SpotMeas.csv] 1. Number of variables: 6 2. Number of cases/rows: 486 3. Variable List: - container_type: type of experimental container used (bucket/tray) - container_ID: Identifier within each heating_treatment*container_type combination - heating_treatment:level of treatment condition (Control/Heated) - measurement_location:measurement locations within a container - corresponding diagram of locations in the supplemental materials for the accompanying article (a,b,c,d,e) - time: time of measurement (PST, 24hr format) - temperature: water temperature (degrees celsius) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [05_SupplementalData_Trial2_HOBO.csv] 1. Number of variables: 5 2. Number of cases/rows: 1190 3. Variable List: - Date-Time (PST): Date and time (PST & 24hr format) of temperature measurement - heating_treatment: level of treatment condition (Control/Heated) - logger_depth: relative depth of data logger within each experimental container (shallow/bottom) - logger_location: relative logger location within each depth (corner/centre) * Note: Control treatment does not have data for the [shallow, corner] location * - temperature: water temperature (degrees celsius) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [06_SupplementalData_Trial2_SpotMeas] 1. Number of variables: 6 2. Number of cases/rows: 20 3. Variable List: - container_type: type of experimental container used (tub) - heating_treatment:level of treatment condition (Control/Heated) - measurement_location: measurement location within container based on cardinal directions (NE, NW, centre, SE, SW) - measurement_depth: relative depth of temperature measurement within each experimental container (shallow/ bottom) - temperature: water temperature (degrees celsius) - time: time of measurement (PST, 24hr format)

There is a growing need to better understand the potential impacts of altered thermal regimes on biodiversity and ecosystem function as mean temperatures, and the likelihood of extreme temperatures, continue to increase. One valuable approach to identify mechanisms and pathways of thermally-driven change at the community level is through the manipulation of temperature in the field. However, where methods exist, they are often costly or unable to produce ecologically relevant changes in temperature. Here, we present a low cost, easily assembled, and readily customizable thermal manipulation system for tide pools or other small bodies of water – the Seaside Array for Understanding Thermal Effects (SAUTE) – and demonstrate its ability to effectively alter the temperature in tide pools. During our three-hour heating manipulation, heated pools reached temperatures 4°C warmer than unmanipulated pools. During the cooling manipulation, cooled pools remained on average 1.8°C cooler than control pools. The novel SAUTE system can be used to alter the temperature of tide pools in situ. Further, it could be modified to heat other environments such as freshwater vernal pools and settlement tiles in a realistic and meaningful manner, serving as a useful tool to test questions surrounding the relationship between climate warming, thermal variability, and ecological processes in natural aquatic communities.

Please see the linked publication and supporting materials for full methodological details.