• Energy Research
• 2013 close

Freeze tolerant solar thermal system using new material advances, resulting in more efficient system at lower cost.

Generating heat causes around one third of UK greenhouse emissions. The UK 2011 Carbon Plan requires virtually zero carbon buildings in the UK by 2050. Heat storage is a key component when generating heat from intermittent renewable sources or to shift heat production to off-peak periods while heat consumption remains on-peak. Today, water-based thermal stores are commmon in the UK, but their large size make them undesirable or impossible to fit in smaller dwellings. Sunamp's heat battery technology uses Phase Change Materials to shrink heat storage to around one quarter the size of equivalent hot water thermal stores. This project allows Sunamp to rapidly increase the range of temperatures at which heat can be stored in Phase Change Materials, investigating materials with high effectivenes in the 75-90°C range to be used in tandem with high-temperature renewable heat sources, e.g. solar thermal systems, CHP, CO2 heat pumps and biomass boilers.

The purpose of this research is to improve the design and performance of small wind turbines for energy generation. The expected outcomes are novel control strategies and mechanical designs that account for unsteady aerodynamics and its effects on structural loads and power quality. Recommendations to improve current design standards will be made.

The Dalton Nuclear Institute at The University of Manchester is committed to undertaking research into nuclear technologies, training new graduate students as well as an engaging public outreach Programme. With the closure of the majority of Nuclear Power Plant Visitor Centres, there are now very few resources available to educate the public. The Nuclear Energy Exhibition at the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry (MOSI) is badly out of date, being established soon after Chernobyl. Consequently, we wanted to identify a successful model for public engagement that could help to communicate important nuclear issues and that might lead to a revamp of the Nuclear Energy Exhibition at the museum involving both real and virtual interactives.Building on the success of the 'So you think you can build a jet engine' public engagement programme the new proposal aims to identify best practices that have already been successfully trialled and apply them to educating young audiences and families about nuclear energy. Through a combination of a 3D visualisation model, complimentary 2D models, a physical model and other learning tools young audiences will be engaged and educated about the various challenges involved with the UK civil nuclear programme.Partnering with the Manchester Museum of Science (MOSI) and Industry will enable the project to benefit from their expertise and the exhibition space that is devoted to nuclear energy in the museum. Partnering with STEMPOINT Greater Manchester will enable the project to benefit from their existing networks of schools in the Greater Manchester area. They will also provide the initial training for our students and staff to become registered STEM Ambassadors.The project will develop a toolkit of resources specifically aimed at our target audiences - families with children between the ages of eight and fourteen and KS3/KS4 pupils and teachers. The emphasis is very much on engagement via hands-on, challenging, interactive exhibits, whether used in the Museum or face to face. This is in line with market research carried out by the Museum highlighting the need to provide an appropriate range of interactive exhibits to reinforce hard science . The project will develop presentations, discussion topics, simulations, spreadsheets, video clips and interactive tests challenging our audience to consider nuclear energy within the context of other sources of energy. Much of it will be closely related to research currently being undertaken within the Dalton Nuclear Institute, for example on waste storage, maximising fuel utilisation and decommissioning.

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and concerns over energy security, mean that there is increasing interest in developing renewable energy technologies. Solar technologies are deemed to be particularly attractive, since over 100 000 TW of solar energy falls on the Earth every year. The human population currently use 10 TW of energy per annum, and by 2050, it is predicted that our energy demand will double to 20 TW per annum. It is therefore theoretically feasible that solar technologies could provide a significant proportion of our future energy requirement. However, harvesting a large proportion of this solar energy, in a cheap, efficient manner, poses many difficult technical challenges. At present, silicon based solar PV cells are the method of choice, but these devices tend to be very expensive to manufacture, since they contain highly purified, semi-conductive materials. In this application we propose to harness the photochemical reactions associated with photosynthesis, a fundamental biological process, to convert sunlight into a usable form of energy by means of a biological photovoltaic panel. Using a multidisciplinary consortium of groups based in Plant Science, Biochemistry, Genetics, Engineering and Chemistry we intend to develop, test and optimise biological photovoltaics for the production of hydrogen and/or electricity. A large amount of work has already been carried out in the field of biological hydrogen production, but so far it has proved difficult to overcome the major technical hurdle that limits the commercialisation of this technology, namely that the oxygen produced during photosynthesis inhibits the production of hydrogen from the hydrogenase enzyme in vivo. Although there has been some interest in fabricating artificial devices with purified protein complexes to overcome this problem, the instability of these proteins has prevented economic exploitation. In this application, we propose to separate the processes of oxygen evolution and hydrogen production in a semi-biological photovoltaic device using intact photosynthetic cells, in which protein complexes are intrinsically more stable, and which furthermore have mechanisms for self-repair. The device will be composed of two chambers, or half-cells, with oxygen evolution confined to one chamber and hydrogen production to the other. In addition, the approach can be used to produce a DC electrical current, in a manner analogous to standard silicon based photovoltaic panels.