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Assumptions for this work was collected and the analysis was completed in FY22. This contains information for more than 20 types of medium and heavy duty vehicles. Vehicles with various levels of hybridization, electric and fuel cell powertrains are considered in this work. More details are available in the report published by Argonne accessible from https://vms.taps.anl.gov/research-highlights/u-s-doe-vto-hfto-r-d-benefits/. TechScape, a convenient data visualization tool is also provided by Argonne for this data, accessible from [TechScape Web](https://vms.taps.anl.gov/data/techscape-web-2023/).

The main objective of this Sternfahrt-8, from 10th to 16th September 2021, was to assess the temporal variance of oceanographic real time data in the Elbe influence area of the German Bight (North Sea). Therefore, the participating Ships should repeat the same tracks for four days (see map). One ship (RV Uthörn) covered the western part between Cuxhaven and Heligoland, the second ship (RV Littorina) went to the northern part between Heligoland and Büsum and the third vessel (RV Ludwig Prandtl) should have covered the middle part of the study area, but due to vandalism damage it could not participate on the cruise. During the whole cruise chemical and physical data were recorded continuously along the tracks. Additionally, discrete water samples were taken on six stations along the way for further analysis in the laboratory. The latter data is not included in the present dataset, and can be accessed via https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.963455. For more information about the MOSES campaign and the "Sternfahrten" cruises see article cited in references.

Car-sharing services are developing at an ever-increasing pace. Taking into account the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and pursuit of the sustainable development of transport, implementing electric cars in car-sharing fleets is being proposed. On the one hand, these types of vehicles are referred to as emission-free, but on the other hand, their environmental friendliness is questionable due to the emission of carbon dioxide during the production of energy to power them. Although many scientific papers are devoted to the issue of reducing emissions through car sharing, there is a research gap concerning the real production of carbon dioxide by car-sharing vehicles during car-sharing trips. To fill this research gap, the objective of the article was to analyze the actual level of carbon dioxide emissions from combustion and electric vehicles from car-sharing systems produced when renting rides. The test results showed that the electric car turned out to be significantly less emitting. The use of electric vehicles in car-sharing fleets can reduce carbon dioxide emissions from 14% to 65% compared to using cars with internal combustion engines. However, the key role during car-sharing trips is played by the driving style of the drivers, which has been omitted from the literature to date. This should be properly regulated by service providers and focus on the proper use of energy from electric vehicle batteries, especially at low temperatures. The article provides support for operators planning to modernize their fleet of vehicles and fills the research gap concerning car-sharing emissions.

The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously affected the whole of human society worldwide. Travel patterns have greatly changed due to the increased risk perception and the governmental interventions regarding COVID-19. This study aimed to identify contributing factors to the changes in public and private transportation mode choice behavior in China after COVID-19 based on an online questionnaire survey. In the survey, travel behaviors in three periods were studied: before the outbreak (before 27 December 2019), the peak (from 20 January to 17 March 2020), and after the peak (from 18 March to the date of the survey). A series of random-parameter bivariate Probit models was developed to quantify the relationship between individual characteristics and the changes in travel mode choice. The key findings indicated that individual sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., gender, age, ownership, occupation, residence) have significant effects on the changes in mode choice behavior. Other key findings included (1) a higher propensity to use a taxi after the peak compared to urban public transportation (i.e., bus and subway); (2) a significant impact of age on the switch from public transit to private car and two-wheelers; (3) more obvious changes in private car and public transportation modes in more developed cities. The findings from this study are expected to be useful for establishing partial and resilient policies and ensuring sustainable mobility and travel equality in the post-pandemic era.

Humanity’s role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the ‘anthropocene’, as humans are ‘overwhelming the great forces of nature’. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed ‘manufactured capital’, ‘technomass’, ‘human-made mass’, ‘in-use stocks’ or ‘socioeconomic material stocks’, they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with ‘real’ (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called ‘built structures’) represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors. Spatial extent This subdataset covers the West Coast CONUS, i.e. CA OR WA For the remaining CONUS, see the related identifiers. Temporal extent The map is representative for ca. 2018. Data format The data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types). Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e. t at 10m x 10m kt at 100m x 100m Mt at 1km x 1km Gt at 10km x 10km For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming. Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv. Material layers Note that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see related identifiers): A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. Zenodo (2022), doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337. Further information For further information, please see the publication. A web-visualization of this dataset is available here. Visit our website to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. Publication D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gomez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, H. Haberl. Weighing the US Economy: Map of Built Structures Unveils Patterns in Human-Dominated Landscapes. In prep Funding This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404. Acknowledgments We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on EODC - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.

This data was collected as a part of a mesocosm study to investigate the ecosystem impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement, within the EU H2020 OceanNETs project. Nine mesocosms were deployed in Taliarte Harbour (Gran Canaria, Spain) and were regularly sampled using integrated water samplers between 10th September-25th October 2021. A gradient design was used in this experiment with a total of nine different alkalinity concentrations. Seawater alkalinity ranged between ambient (0 µeq kg-1 added alkalinity, OAE0) and 2400 µeq kg-1 additional alkalinity (OAE2400). The alkalinity levels increased in equal intervals of 300 µeq kg-1 across nine mesocosms (OAE0, OAE300, OAE600, OAE900, OAE1200, OAE1500, OAE1800, OAE2100, OAE2400). This data set contains metazoan zooplankton biomass (µgC per L) from these nine mesocosms. Biomass was calculated based on zooplankton abundances transformed using carbon mass conversion factors. Metazoan zooplankton were sampled with apstein net (ø17cm, mesh size 55µm, 64.06285L) hauls taken every two days (except for days 5 and 9). Zooplankton were size fractioned and assessed in the correspondent size class (small: 55-200µm; medium: 200-500µm; large: 500µm-3mm). Within each size class, all organisms were counted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level, and developmental stages were differentiated where possible. Zooplankton abundances (individuals per L) converted to carbon biomass (µgC per L) using biomass conversion factors. Conversion factors are obtained from different sources (Sanchez et al. (in prep)). Briefly: i) metazoan zooplankton functional groups were sampled and measured for carbon biomass using an elemental analyser at specific points throughout the experiment, ii) individual zooplankton were photographed, measured, and their biovolumes and carbon masses derived using standard conversions cited in the literature, iii) zooplankton conversion factors from KOSMOS Gran Canaria 2019 (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.971765). The experiment, which lasted 33 days, was divided into four response phases (see Sánchez et al. (in prep)): i) pretreatment (days 1 to 4, treatment was implemented on day 4), ii) immediate (days 5-10), iii) shorter term (days 11-22), iv) longer term (days 23 to 33). This data set is associated to the submission by Paul et al. (in review) (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.966941), so we refer to this data set for basic parameters like water temperature, salinity, pH and carbonate chemistry, to avoid repetition.

# Can niche plasticity mediate species persistence under ocean acidification? [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.x0k6djhtq](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.x0k6djhtq) This dataset originates from a study investigating the impact of ocean acidification on a temperate rocky reef fish assemblage using natural CO2 vents as analogues. The dataset covers various niche dimensions, including trophic, habitat, and behavioural niches. The study focused on how fish niches are modified in response to ocean acidification, assessing changes in breadth, shift, and overlap with other species between the acidified site and the control site. ## Description of the data and file structure #### Raw\_single\_niche\_data The “*Raw_single_niche_data*” dataset consists of seven spreadsheets, each sharing two essential columns: 'group' and 'community'. These columns are crucial for subsequent analysis using the SIBER framework. **group** = species * Common = common triplefin, *Forsterygion lapillum* * Yaldwyn = Yaldwyn’s triplefin, *Notoclinops yaldwyni* * Blue_eyed = blue-eyed triplefin, *Notoclinops segmentatus* * Blenny = crested blenny, *Parablennius laticlavius* **community** = treatment * C = control * V = CO2 vents **Description of the seven spreadsheets:** 1. **Isotopes -** the dataset includes ratios of 13C/12C and 15N/14N expressed in the conventional δ notation as parts per thousand deviation from international standards. Stable isotopes were derived from a total of 251 fishes collected across three years of sampling. iso1= δ13C iso2= δ15N 2. **Stomach volumetric** - The dataset includes estimated volumetric measures of stomach contents, where the volume contribution of each prey category relative to the total stomach content (100%) was visually estimated. Data were collected between 2018 and 2019. The stomach content was analysed with this method for common triplefin, Yaldwyn's triplefin, blue eyed triplefin and crested blenny. There are 19 prey categories. 3. **Stomach count** - All prey items were counted in 10 prey categories: copepods, ostracods, polychaetes, amphipods, gastropods, bivalves, tanaids, mites, isopods , and others. Digested items that were not identifiable were excluded from the analysis. The stomach content was analysed with this method for common triplefin, Yaldwyn's triplefin and blue eyed triplefin. 4. **Stomach biomass -** The dataset includes calculated biomass derived from the mass of prey subsamples within each category, multiplied by their count. 5. **Habitat** - The microhabitat occupied and habitat orientation (horizontal, angled and vertical) was recorded using free roaming visual surveys on SCUBA (February 2018). *Microhabitat types:* t. = turf algae <10 cm in height ca. = erect calcareous algae cca. = crustose coralline algae b. = bare rocky substratum sp. = encrusting fleshy green algae cobble. = cobbles (~0.5–2 cm in diameter) *Type of surface orientation:* hor = horizontal angle = angled vert = vertical 6. **Behaviour** - Behavioural variables quantified from underwater footage and expressed as rates per minute. The behaviours are: swimming, jumping, feeding, attacking and fleeing from an attack. 7. **Aquarium**: Data from an aquarium experiment involving *Forsterygion lapillum and Notoclinops yaldwyni*, showing the proportion of time spent in available habitat types to assess habitat preference in controlled conditions. Time in each habitat type and spent in activity was derived from video recordings of 10 minutes and expressed as a proportion of total observation time. Common = common triplefin, *Forsterygion lapillum* Yaldwyn = Yaldwyn’s triplefin, *Notoclinops yaldwyni* Common.c = common triplefin in presence of Yaldwyn’s triplefin Yaldwyn.c = Yaldwyn’s triplefin in presence of common triplefin turf.horizontal = time spent on horizontal turf substratum bare.horizontal = time spent on horizontal bare substratum turf.vertical = time spent on vertical turf substratum bottom = time spent on the bottom of the tank swimming = time spent swimming aquarium.wall = time spent on the walls of the tank switches = numbers of changes between habitats #### Unified\_overlap\_dataset The *“Unified_overlap_dataset”* consists of ten spreadsheets, each sharing “id”, “year”, “location” and “species “column (with few exceptions detailed). These first columns need to be factors for analysis using the Unified overlap framework. We used the R scripts provided in the original study ([Geange et al, 2011](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00070.x)), as detailed in the manuscript. Data for control and vents are in separate data sheets, with C = control and V = vent. **Id**: sample number **Year:** year the data were collected **Location:** North (n) or South (s), site location **Species**: fish species * Common = common triplefin, *Forsterygion lapillum* * Yaldwyn = Yaldwyn’s triplefin, *Notoclinops yaldwyni* * Blue_eyed = blue-eyed triplefin, *Notoclinops segmentatus* * Blenny = crested blenny, *Parablennius laticlavius* We used the same data as per previous section. **Isotopes C and Isotopes V:** * iso1= δ13C * iso2= δ15N **Diet V and Diet C:** For **stomach content**: we used only volumetric stomach content data as inclusive of all species of interest. It is not raw data, but we used the reduced dimension obtained from nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), thus the 2 columns resulting from this analysis are vol1 and vol2. Raw data are in the datasheet **Stomach volumetric** in the “*Raw_single_niche_data*” dataset. **Habitat association C and Habitat association V** / **Habitat - C and Habitat - V** For **Habitat association**, the columns are id, species, habitat and position. The habitat association for each species is categorical based on habitat occupied and position (e.g., turf - vertical). Information for Crested blenny were extracted from the behavioural video recordings (with each video being a replicate). The dataset is then linked to **Habitat cover** in both control (C) and vent (V) sites to determine the choice of the habitat based on habitat availability. Therefore, the habitat cover only presents the percentage cover of each habitat type at control and vent. *Habitat:* turf = turf algae <10 cm in height ca = erect calcareous algae cca = crustose coralline algae barren = bare rocky substratum sp = encrusting fleshy green algae cobble = cobbles (~0.5–2 cm in diameter) sand = sand *Position:* hor = horizontal angle = angled vert = vertical **Behaviour C and Behaviour V**: Behavioural variables quantified from underwater footage and expressed as rates per minute. The behaviours are: swimming, jumping, feeding, attacking and fleeing from an attack. Reference: Geange, S. W., Pledger, S., Burns, K. C., & Shima, J. S. (2011). A unified analysis of niche overlap incorporating data of different types. *Methods in Ecology and Evolution*, 2(2), 175-184. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00070.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00070.x) We used a small hand net and a mixture of ethanol and clove oil to collect the four species of interest (Forsterygion lapillum, Notoclinops yaldwyni, Notoclinops segmentatus and Parablennius laticlavius) at both control and vent sites over four years. For stable isotope analysis, white muscle tissue was extracted from each fish and oven-dried at 60 °C. The dried tissue was subsequently ground using a ball mill. Powdered muscle tissue from each fish was individually weighed into tin capsules and analysed for stable δ 15N and δ13C isotopes. Samples were combusted in an elemental analyser (EuroVector, EuroEA) coupled to a mass spectrometer (Nu Instruments Horizon) at the University of Adelaide. We then analysed the isotopic niche in SIBER. For stomach content analysis the entire gut was extracted from each fish. Using a stereomicroscope, for count and biomass, all prey items in the stomach were counted first. For each prey category, well-preserved individuals were photographed and their mass was calculated based on length and width. The average mass per individual for each category was then multiplied by the count to determine total prey biomass. For the volumetric method, the volume contribution of each prey category relative to the total stomach content was visually estimated (algae were accounted for). Digested items that were not identifiable were excluded from the analysis. Each stomach content dataset was reduced to two dimensions with non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) to be then analysed in SIBER. To assess habitat choice, visual surveys were conducted on SCUBA, to record the microhabitat type and orientation occupied by Forsterygion lapillum, Notoclinops yaldwyni and Notoclinops segmentatus. The resulting dataset comprised a total of 17 distinct combinations of habitat types and surface orientations. The dataset was simplified to two dimensions using correspondence analysis (CA) for subsequent SIBER analysis. Fish behaviour was assessed using GoPro cameras both in situ and during controlled aquarium experiments. In the field, recordings lasted 30 minutes across 4 days, with analysis conducted using VLC. Initial acclimation and periodic intervals (10 minutes every 5 minutes) were excluded from analysis. In controlled aquarium settings, individuals of Forsterygion lapillum and Notoclinops yaldwyni were observed both in isolation and paired. Their habitat preference, surface orientation, and activity levels were recorded for 10 minutes to assess behaviour independent of external influences. Both datasets were dimensionally reduced for analysis in SIBER: non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) was applied to the in situ behavioral data, while principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the aquarium experiments. Unified analysis of niche overlap We quantified the local realised niche space for each fish species at control and vent along the four niche classes, adapting the data as follows: isotopes (continuous data): raw data. stomach content (continuous data): reduced dimension from the volumetric measure of the previous step. habitat association (elective score): habitat and orientation preference linked to Manly’s Alpha association matrix. behaviour (continuous data): raw data. Global change stressors can modify ecological niches of species, and hence alter ecological interactions within communities and food webs. Yet, some species might take advantage of a fast-changing environment, and allow species with high niche plasticity to thrive under climate change. We used natural CO2 vents to test the effects of ocean acidification on niche modifications of a temperate rocky reef fish assemblage. We quantified three ecological niche traits (overlap, shift, and breadth) across three key niche dimensions (trophic, habitat, and behavioural). Only one species increased its niche width along multiple niche dimensions (trophic and behavioural), shifted its niche in the remaining (habitat), and was the only species to experience a highly increased density (i.e. doubling) at vents. The other three species that showed slightly increased or declining densities at vents only displayed a niche width increase in one (habitat niche) out of seven niche metrics considered. This niche modification was likely in response to habitat simplification (transition to a system dominated by turf algae) under ocean acidification. We further show that at the vents, the less abundant fishes have a negligible competitive impact on the most abundant and common species. Hence, this species appears to expand its niche space overlapping with other species, consequently leading to lower abundances of the latter under elevated CO2. We conclude that niche plasticity across multiple dimensions could be a potential adaptation in fishes to benefit from a changing environment in a high-CO2 world. 

Humanity's role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the 'anthropocene', as humans are 'overwhelming the great forces of nature'. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed 'manufactured capital', 'technomass', 'human-made mass', 'in-use stocks' or 'socioeconomic material stocks', they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with 'real' (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called 'built structures') represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors. Spatial extentThis subdataset covers the South CONUS, i.e. AL AR FL GA KY LA MS NC SC TN VA WV For the remaining CONUS, see the related identifiers. Temporal extentThe map is representative for ca. 2018. Data formatThe data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types). Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e. t at 10m x 10m kt at 100m x 100m Mt at 1km x 1km Gt at 10km x 10km For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming. Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv. Material layersNote that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see related identifiers): A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. Zenodo (2022), doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337. Further informationFor further information, please see the publication.A web-visualization of this dataset is available here.Visit our website to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. PublicationD. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gómez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, and H. Haberl (2023): Unveiling patterns in human dominated landscapes through mapping the mass of US built structures. Nature Communications 14, 8014. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43755-5 FundingThis research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404. AcknowledgmentsWe thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on EODC - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.

Summary Geojson files used to visualize geospatial layers relevant to identifying and assessing trucking fleet decarbonization opportunities with the MIT Climate & Sustainability Consortium's Geospatial Fleet Transition Assessment and Decision Support (Geo-FTADS) tool. Relevant Links Link to the online version of the tool (requires creation of a free user account). Link to GitHub repo with source code to produce this dataset and deploy the Geo-FTADS tool locally. Funding This dataset was produced with support from the MIT Climate & Sustainability Consortium. Original Data Sources These geojson files draw from and synthesize a number of different datasets and tools. The original data sources and tools are described below: Filename(s) Description of Original Data Source(s) Link(s) to Download Original Data License and Attribution for Original Data Source(s) faf5_freight_flows/*.geojson trucking_energy_demand.geojson highway_assignment_links_*.geojson infrastructure_pooling_thought_experiment/*.geojson Regional and highway-level freight flow data obtained from the Freight Analysis Framework Version 5. Shapefiles for FAF5 region boundaries and highway links are obtained from the National Transportation Atlas Database. Emissions attributes are evaluated by incorporating data from the 2002 Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey and the GREET lifecycle emissions tool maintained by Argonne National Lab. Shapefile for FAF5 Regions Shapefile for FAF5 Highway Network Links FAF5 2022 Origin-Destination Freight Flow database FAF5 2022 Highway Assignment Results Attribution for Shapefiles: United States Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD). Available at: https://geodata.bts.gov/search?collection=Dataset. License for Shapefiles: This NTAD dataset is a work of the United States government as defined in 17 U.S.C. § 101 and as such are not protected by any U.S. copyrights. This work is available for unrestricted public use. Attribution for Origin-Destination Freight Flow database: National Transportation Research Center in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory with funding from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics and the Federal Highway Administration. Freight Analysis Framework Version 5: Origin-Destination Data. Available from: https://faf.ornl.gov/faf5/Default.aspx. Obtained on Aug 5, 2024. In the public domain. Attribution for the 2022 Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Data: United States Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) 2002 [supporting datasets]. 2024. https://doi.org/10.21949/1506070 Attribution for the GREET tool (original publication): Argonne National Laboratory Energy Systems Division Center for Transportation Research. GREET Life-cycle Model. 2014. Available from this link. Attribution for the GREET tool (2022 updates): Wang, Michael, et al. Summary of Expansions and Updates in GREET® 2022. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/1891644 grid_emission_intensity/*.geojson Emission intensity data is obtained from the eGRID database maintained by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. eGRID subregion boundaries are obtained as a shapefile from the eGRID Mapping Files database. eGRID database Shapefile with eGRID subregion boundaries Attribution for eGRID data: United States Environmental Protection Agency: eGRID with 2022 data. Available from https://www.epa.gov/egrid/download-data. In the public domain. Attribution for shapefile: United States Environmental Protection Agency: eGRID Mapping Files. Available from https://www.epa.gov/egrid/egrid-mapping-files. In the public domain. US_elec.geojson US_hy.geojson US_lng.geojson US_cng.geojson US_lpg.geojson Locations of direct current fast chargers and refueling stations for alternative fuels along U.S. highways. Obtained directly from the Station Data for Alternative Fuel Corridors in the Alternative Fuels Data Center maintained by the United States Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. US_elec.geojson US_hy.geojson US_lng.geojson US_cng.geojson US_lpg.geojson Attribution: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Alternative Fueling Station Corridors. 2024. Available from: https://afdc.energy.gov/corridors. In the public domain. These data and software code ("Data") are provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory ("NREL"), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC ("Alliance"), for the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE"), and may be used for any purpose whatsoever. daily_grid_emission_profiles/*.geojson Hourly emission intensity data obtained from ElectricityMaps. Original data can be downloaded as csv files from the ElectricityMaps United States of America database Shapefile with region boundaries used by ElectricityMaps License: Open Database License (ODbL). Details here: https://www.electricitymaps.com/data-portal Attribution for csv files: Electricity Maps (2024). United States of America 2022-23 Hourly Carbon Intensity Data (Version January 17, 2024). Electricity Maps Data Portal. https://www.electricitymaps.com/data-portal. Attribution for shapefile with region boundaries: ElectricityMaps contributors (2024). electricitymaps-contrib (Version v1.155.0) [Computer software]. https://github.com/electricitymaps/electricitymaps-contrib. gen_cap_2022_state_merged.geojson trucking_energy_demand.geojson Grid electricity generation and net summer power capacity data is obtained from the state-level electricity database maintained by the United States Energy Information Administration. U.S. state boundaries obtained from this United States Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey ScienceBase-Catalog. Annual electricity generation by state Net summer capacity by state Shapefile with U.S. state boundaries Attribution for electricity generation and capacity data: U.S. Energy Information Administration (Aug 2024). Available from: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/state/. In the public domain. electricity_rates_by_state_merged.geojson Commercial electricity prices are obtained from the Electricity database maintained by the United States Energy Information Administration. Electricity rate by state Attribution: U.S. Energy Information Administration (Aug 2024). Available from: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data.php. In the public domain. demand_charges_merged.geojson demand_charges_by_state.geojson Maximum historical demand charges for each state and zip code are derived from a dataset compiled by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in this this Data Catalog. Historical demand charge dataset The original dataset is compiled by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC ('Alliance'). Attribution: McLaren, Joyce, Pieter Gagnon, Daniel Zimny-Schmitt, Michael DeMinco, and Eric Wilson. 2017. 'Maximum demand charge rates for commercial and industrial electricity tariffs in the United States.' NREL Data Catalog. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Last updated: July 24, 2024. DOI: 10.7799/1392982. eastcoast.geojson midwest.geojson la_i710.geojson h2la.geojson bayarea.geojson saltlake.geojson northeast.geojson Highway corridors and regions targeted for heavy duty vehicle infrastructure projects are derived from a public announcement on February 15, 2023 by the United States Department of Energy. The shapefile with Bay area boundaries is obtained from this Berkeley Library dataset. The shapefile with Utah county boundaries is obtained from this dataset from the Utah Geospatial Resource Center. Shapefile for Bay Area country boundaries Shapefile for counties in Utah Attribution for public announcement: United States Department of Energy. Biden-Harris Administration Announces Funding for Zero-Emission Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Corridors, Expansion of EV Charging in Underserved Communities (2023). Available from https://www.energy.gov/articles/biden-harris-administration-announces-funding-zero-emission-medium-and-heavy-duty-vehicle. Attribution for Bay area boundaries: San Francisco (Calif.). Department Of Telecommunications and Information Services. Bay Area Counties. 2006. In the public domain. Attribution for Utah boundaries: Utah Geospatial Resource Center & Lieutenant Governor's Office. Utah County Boundaries (2023). Available from https://gis.utah.gov/products/sgid/boundaries/county/. License for Utah boundaries: Creative Commons 4.0 International License. incentives_and_regulations/*.geojson State-level incentives and regulations targeting heavy duty vehicles are collected from the State Laws and Incentives database maintained by the United States Department of Energy's Alternative Fuels Data Center. Data was collected manually from the State Laws and Incentives database. Attribution: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center. State Laws and Incentives. Accessed on Aug 5, 2024 from: https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/state. In the public domain. These data and software code ("Data") are provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory ("NREL"), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC ("Alliance"), for the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE"), and may be used for any purpose whatsoever. costs_and_emissions/*.geojson diesel_price_by_state.geojson trucking_energy_demand.geojson Lifecycle costs and emissions of electric and diesel trucking are evaluated by adapting the model developed by Moreno Sader et al., and calibrated to the Run on Less dataset for the Tesla Semi collected from the 2023 PepsiCo Semi pilot by the North American Council for Freight Efficiency. In addition to the data sources outlined in Moreno Sader et al. et al. and the Run on Less dataset, this dataset incorporates: Emission intensity data from the eGRID database, described elsewhere in this metadata. Commercial electricity price data from the US EIA Electricity database, described elsewhere in this metadata. Maximum historical demand charges from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, described elsewhere in this metadata. Max motor power estimate of 942,900W and frontal area of 10.7 m^s for the Tesla Semi from motormatchup.com. Drag coefficient estimate of 0.36 for the Tesla Semi from notateslaapp.com. Estimates best-in-class truck rolling resistance of 0.0044 from a Rolling Resistance Validation report prepared by the Minnesota Department of Transportation Office of Transportation System Management. Historical diesel prices by state from the United States Energy Information Administration. Estimate of best in class diesel powertrain engine efficiency of 44% from a Fuel Efficiency Technology report by the International Council on Clean Transportation. NACFE Run on Less dataset Historical diesel prices Attribution for original truck model: Moreno Sader K, Biswas S, Jones R, Mennig M, Rezaei R, Green WH. Battery Electric Long-Haul Trucking in the United States: A Comprehensive Costing and Emissions Analysis. ChemRxiv. 2023; doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-48zsc (link to colab notebook included as supplementary material). Attribution for GitHub repository with adapted code for the truck model: MacDonell, D., Moreno-Sader, K., & Biswas, S. (2024). Green_Trucking_Analysis (Version 0.1.0) [Computer software]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13205854 Attribution for GitHub repository with analysis of the NACFE Run on Less dataset (provides inputs to MacDonell, D., Moreno-Sader, K., & Biswas, S. (2024) cited above): MacDonell, D. (2024). PepsiCo_NACFE_Analysis (Version 0.1.0) [Computer software]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13173390 Attribution for Run on Less dataset: North American Countil for Freight Efficiency (2023). Run on Less – Electric DEPOT data. Available from: https://runonless.com/run-on-less-electric-depot-reports/ Attribution for data from MotorMatchup: 2022 Tesla Semi Truck Empty Specs. Available from: https://www.motormatchup.com/catalog/Tesla/Semi-Truck/2022/Empty. Copyright 2024 by MotorMatchup Attribution for data from Not a Tesla App: Not a Tesla App. Everything We Know About the Tesla Semi. 2024. Available from: https://www.notateslaapp.com/tesla-reference/963/everything-we-know-about-the-tesla-semi Attribution for historical diesel prices: U.S. Energy Information Administration (Aug 2024). Available from: https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/. In the public domain. Attribution for best in class diesel powertrain efficiency: Delgado O, Rodríguez F, Muncrief R. Fuel Efficiency Technology in European Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Baseline and Potential for the 2020–2030 Time Frame. 2017. Available from: https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/EU-HDV-Tech-Potential_ICCT-white-paper_14072017_vF.pdf. electrolyzer_operational.geojson electrolyzer_installed.geojson electrolyzer_planned_under_construction.geojson Data on locations and capacities of planned, under-construction, installed, operational electrolyzers was obtained from this DOE Hydrogen Program Record. Data was extracted manually from this DOE Hydrogen Program Record. Attribution: Arjona, Vanessa. DOE Hydrogen Program Record: Electrolyzer Installations in the United States. 2023. Available from https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/23003-electrolyzer-installations-united-states.pdf?Status=Master. grid_emission_intensity/*.geojson gen_cap_2022_state_merged.geojson trucking_energy_demand.geojson electricity_rates_by_state_merged.geojson demand_charges_merged.geojson demand_charges_by_state.geojson trucking_energy_demand.geojson costs_and_emissions/*.geojson diesel_price_by_state.geojson trucking_energy_demand.geojson U.S. state boundaries obtained from this United States Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey ScienceBase-Catalog. Attribution: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. State boundaries (generalized for mapping). 2011. In the public domain. refinery.geojson Locations and production rates of hydrogen from refineries are obtained from the following two complementary datasets on the Hydrogen Tools Portal: 1) Captive, On-Purpose, Refinery Hydrogen Production Capacities at Individual U.S. Refineries, and 2) Merchant Hydrogen Plant Capacities in North America Dataset for Captive, On-Purpose, Refinery Hydrogen Production Capacities at Individual U.S. Refineries Dataset for Merchant Hydrogen Plant Capacities in North America Attribution: Copyright © 2024 by H2Tools; H2 Tools is intended for public use. It was built, and is maintained, by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory with funding from the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office. All Rights Reserved. Truck_Stop_Parking.geojson infrastructure_pooling_thought_experiment/*.geojson Obtained from the DOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics's Truck Stop Parking database Original dataset can be downloaded using the Shapefile download link at https://geodata.bts.gov/datasets/usdot::truck-stop-parking (link for hosted download changes regularly). Attribution: United States Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD). Truck Stop Parking. Available at https://geodata.bts.gov/datasets/usdot::truck-stop-parking. License: This NTAD dataset is a work of the United States government as defined in 17 U.S.C. § 101 and as such are not protected by any U.S. copyrights. This work is available for unrestricted public use. Principal_Port.geojson Obtained from the DOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics's Principal Ports database Original dataset can be downloaded using the Shapefile download link at https://geodata.bts.gov/datasets/usdot::principal-ports-1 (link for hosted download changes regularly). Attribution: United States Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD). Truck Stop Parking. Available at https://geodata.bts.gov/datasets/usdot::principal-ports-1. License: This NTAD dataset is a work of the United States government as defined in 17 U.S.C. § 101 and as such are not protected by any U.S. copyrights. This work is available for unrestricted public use.

Project: GCOS Earth Heat Inventory - A study under the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) concerted international effort to update the Earth heat inventory (EHI), and presents an updated international assessment of ocean warming estimates, and new and updated estimates of heat gain in the atmosphere, cryosphere and land over the period from 1960 to present. Summary: The file “GCOS_EHI_1960-2020_Earth_Heat_Inventory_Ocean_Heat_Content_data.nc” contains a consistent long-term Earth system heat inventory over the period 1960-2020. Human-induced atmospheric composition changes cause a radiative imbalance at the top-of-atmosphere which is driving global warming. Understanding the heat gain of the Earth system from this accumulated heat – and particularly how much and where the heat is distributed in the Earth system - is fundamental to understanding how this affects warming oceans, atmosphere and land, rising temperatures and sea level, and loss of grounded and floating ice, which are fundamental concerns for society. This dataset is based on a study under the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) concerted international effort to update the Earth heat inventory published in von Schuckmann et al. (2020), and presents an updated international assessment of ocean warming estimates, and new and updated estimates of heat gain in the atmosphere, cryosphere and land over the period 1960-2020. The dataset also contains estimates for global ocean heat content over 1960-2020 for different depth layers, i.e., 0-300m, 0-700m, 700-2000m, 0-2000m, 2000-bottom, which are described in von Schuckmann et al. (2022). This version includes an update of heat storage of global ocean heat content, where one additional product (Li et al., 2022) had been included to the initial estimate. The Earth heat inventory had been updated accordingly, considering also the update for continental heat content (Cuesta-Valero et al., 2023).