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AbstractPipeline transport of gas has several advantages and is also an attractive approach for CO2 transport from the existing experience. The transport cost is a key index for people to make decisions on the selection of transport means of CO2. However, the pipeline transport cost is obviously market sensitive and the existing cost models in USA, EU, etc. can’t be directly used in the cost evaluations in China. A localized assessment methodology for onshore pipeline transport cost is valuable. This paper developed a new cost estimate methodology for onshore pipeline transport of CO2 which can reflect the price level of pipe in China's market. For two transport routes of 300km with the transport amount 1.46Mt/y CO2, the transport costs are respectively 47.0 and 68.5RMB/t. A comparison with existing research work in China was conducted, which showed the validity of the methodology presented.

AbstractThis paper aims to propose a novel charging method for the lithium-ion batteries with negative pulse charging theory. Firstly the second order Thevenin model was built to analyze the internal parameters of the battery. And the characteristics of polarization voltage were also discussed. The charging method was studied and the experiment result showed that the charging state of the battery can be improved by using this method.

AbstractAn efficient power plant model of electric vehicles (E-EPP) considering the travelling comfort levels of EV users is developed to investigate the contribution of EVs on the unit commitment (UC) of large scale wind farms. Firstly, a generic EV battery model (GEBM) is established considering the uncertainties of battery parameters. Then, a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method is implemented within the E-EPP to obtain the available response capacity of EV charging load over time. And a UC strategy using the E-EPP based on power flow tracing is developed. Finally, a modified IEEE 118-bus system integrated with wind farms is used to verify the effectiveness of the E-EPP for the UC of large scale wind farms.

AbstractAs the result of energy saving and emission reduction, there is a way to reduce weigh of vehicle in order to reduce the consumption of gasoline. This paper is mainly devoted to several lightweight materials and technical methods in automobile applications, and introduces a new approach to lightweight materials instead of mild steel. It is concluded that lightweight materials will be widely used in the automobile industry if the costs of lightweight materials are as much as traditional materials.

AbstractThe state of energy (SoE) of Li-ion batteries is a critical index for the remainder range forecasting, energy optimization and management. The paper attempts to make three contributions. (1) The definition of SoE is proposed and elaborated, which includes the output energy of battery, the internal resistance heating and the energy consumed on the electrochemical reactions. Based on this definition, the new mathematical model of estimating SoE is built, which can realize the real-time estimation of SoE. (2) Based on the combined general battery model, the recursive least square (RLS) method with an optimal forgetting factor is used to identify the model parameters. The parameter identification results are obtained at relative SoE points, and the verification results indicate that the proposed battery model is accurate enough to simulate the battery characteristics. (3) Based on the SoE mathematical model and the combined general battery model, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is built to estimate the SoE online. The simulation results show that the EKF-based SoE estimator performs well even under different incorrect initial SoE.

AbstractThe effect of distributed parameters on conducted EMI is investigated in its motor drive system under load conditions for an electric vehicle. A conducted EMI testing platform was constructed for the system. By testing the conducted EMIs from the system under both load and idle conditions, the propagation paths of both high-and-low frequency differential-mode noise and common-mode interference were analyzed and the equivalent circuits were established. In frequency domain, the mechanism of the conducted EMIs was studied and the effect of distributed parameters on them was discussed. Tests show that high-frequency conducted EMI can be reduced by properly enlarging the distributed capacitances both between ground and power devices in the motor controller and between ground and dc-bus.

AbstractTo develop a battery management system for lithium-Ion batteries used in electric vehicles, the state of charge (SoC) estimation is improved with an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and realized with the RTOS μCOS-II platform. The Kalman filters approach is broadly used for the battery SOC estimation recently. Here, we select the UKF algorithm, for which utilizes the unsented transform to solve filtering problems and is able to accurately capture the posterior mean and covariance to 3rd order of Taylor series expansion, as a result, the SoC estimation accuracy is improved with a faster convergence ability. To further evaluate the real-time performance of the SoC estimation, a battery-in-loop platform is built and the SoC estimation is calculated with a RTOS μCOS-II platform. The analog acquisition, communication system and SoC estimation algorithms were programmed, the performance of the proposed SoC estimation with UKF algorithm was finally investigated. The battery management system with UKF algorithm and RTOS μCOS-II platform has good performance and can apply for electric vehicles.

AbstractRecently, the topic of sustainable transport has attracted much scholarly and practical attention. However, few studies have examined the driving forces for household transportation emissions from the perspective of individual behavior. On the basis of daily activity survey conducted in Beijing from 2000 to 2011, this study examines the impacts of individual travel behavior on carbon emissions from urban transport. It first investigates the changes in the inhabitant travel characteristics and carbon emissions, and then discusses the effects of population, per capita economic activity, transportation intensity, transportation mode share, vehicle-use intensity and emission coefficient on carbon emissions based on decomposition analysis. Results shows that: (1) carbon emissions due to urban traffic has increased from 2.99 Mt in 2000 to 16.76 Mt in 2011, following an annual growth rate of 16.95%; (2) the vehicle-use intensity effect, per capita disposable income effect and population effect are found to be the main drivers that increase household daily travel carbon emissions; and (3) both transportation intensity and emission coefficient have significant effects on the reduction of carbon emissions. However, the transportation mode share effect plays a very minor role over the study period.