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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pinto, Bruno David Pinto e;

    Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica – Ramo Energia Numa era marcada pela constante e frenética evolução tecnológica, a utilização sustentável dos recursos energéticos continua a ser um dos maiores desafios que enfrentamos como sociedade. É urgente enraizar culturalmente a sensibilidade e orientação para as questões relacionadas com a proteção ambiental, evitando assim comprometer as futuras gerações. A instabilidade geopolítica vivida em alguns centros de poder mundial, as guerras comerciais, os protecionismos e as constantes ameaças de escassez de petróleo, criam uma certa volatilidade no mercado petrolífero internacional. São épocas de incerteza, como a que vivemos, que podem servir de mote a alternativas que permitam uma melhoria substancial na eficiência energética e ambiental do nosso quotidiano. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para essa reflexão, tendo como foco o estudo das frotas automóveis nas empresas. Dentro de um contexto empresarial, será estudada a substituição gradual de veículos de combustão por veículos de tração elétrica e será verificada qual a margem de melhoramento no que trata à problemática da eficiência na utilização dos recursos energéticos, numa fase inicial, tentando manter inalterados os hábitos de mobilidade dos colaboradores. A abordagem ao tema pretende também mensurar o grau de maturidade da Mobilidade Elétrica em Portugal, para onde caminha o seu desenvolvimento e, ao mesmo tempo, desconstruir alguns mitos associados à construção, comercialização e utilização de veículos elétricos. A verdade é que se fala em tempos de mudança, os entendidos dizem que é inevitável! A esperada proliferação massiva dos veículos elétricos plug-in será acompanhada de um aumento de ligações à rede destas novas cargas. Apesar de se esperar uma mudança gradual, torna-se indispensável compreender qual será o real impacto nas Redes e Instalações Elétricas. É importante também perceber se já estão a ser equacionadas medidas pelas entidades gestoras e reguladoras no sentido de haver uma preparação para um previsível aumento da demanda de energia e potência. A criação de alguns cenários de carregamento tentará replicar esse aumento da demanda energética após a instalação de um ou mais postos de carregamento numa infraestrutura existente. Serão estudadas e comparadas as diversas alterações resultantes ao perfil de consumo da instalação, bem como alguns parâmetros importantes no âmbito da qualidade da energia. In an era marked by constant and frantic technological evolution, the sustainable use of energy resources remains one of the greatest challenges that we face as a society. There’s an urgent need to root culturally the sensitivity and guidance on issues related to environmental protection, thus avoiding jeopardizing future generations. The geopolitical instability that is experienced in some of the most influents countries in the word initiate phenoms like trade wars, protectionism and constant threats of oil shortages, creates a certain volatility in the international oil market. These times of uncertainty can serve as a motto for alternatives that allow a substantial improvement in the efficiency associated at the use of energy in our daily normal lives. This paper intends to contribute to this reflection, focus is study on company car fleets. In this business context it will be studied the gradual substitution of the ICE vehicles by EV's, and what the improvement margin off the energy efficiency resources associated too that change. At an early stage, the mobility habits of the employees must stay unchanged. The approach to this theme is also intended to measure the point of maturity of electric mobility in Portugal, which path follows its development and at the same time, deconstruct some of the myths associated to the construction, commercialization and the utilization of EV’s. The truth is that we live times of change, the experts say it’s inevitable! The expected massive proliferation of plug-in EV’s it will be accompanied by an increase off the connections in the electric grid. It’s essential to understand what the real impact on networks and electrical installations will be, although it’s expected a slow and gradual change. It’s also important to understand whether measures are already being taken by management and regulators entities to prepare the electric system for a supposed increase in energy and power demand. The creation of some charging scenarios will attempt to replicate this increase in energy demand after the installation of one or more charging stations on an existing infrastructure. The resulted changes at the profile consumption of the installation it will be studied and compared, as well as some important parameters related to the energy quality. N/A

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    Authors: Lopes, Carlos Alexandre Baptista;

    As alterações climáticas são dos problemas mais graves da atualidade. É de extrema importância priorizar a sua resolução em prol da sobrevivência da raça humana e outras inúmeras formas de vida. A dependente utilização de combustíveis fósseis representa uma das principais causas das alterações climáticas e, por isso, é necessário encontrar uma alternativa. Nesta dissertação explora-se a descarbonização de um dos setores mais dependentes de combustíveis fósseis, o setor dos transportes, mais especificamente veículos ligeiros, em Portugal. Por ser um dos principais contribuidores para as emissões de gases com efeito de estufa, que por sua vez potenciam as alterações climáticas, este setor necessita de uma reformulação no âmbito da sustentabilidade ambiental. Como opção à situação atual de veículos a combustão interna decidiu-se analisar o contributo dos veículos elétricos a bateria de modo a averiguar se são ou poderão ser uma opção viável para uma transição sustentável, visando princípios de eficiência energética e de economia circular. Com isto em mente, avaliaram-se fatores associados à praticidade e economia dos veículos elétricos a bateria averiguando a sua viabilidade de substituição dos veículos convencionais para os condutores portugueses. Depois, investigou-se o impacto ambiental dos vários processos associados à produção e utilização dos veículos, comparando-se com os veículos a combustão interna, e as melhorias expectáveis no setor que propõem caminhos para um futuro mais sustentável. Com os resultados obtidos estimou-se o contributo dos veículos elétricos a bateria para a descarbonização do setor dos transportes, especificamente para o território português, averiguando se são uma boa opção de investimento para um futuro sustentável. Climate change is one of the most serious problems nowadays. It’s extremely important to prioritize its resolution for the survival of the human race and other countless forms of life. The dependent use of fossil fuels represents one of the main causes of climate change, it is necessary to find an alternative.This dissertation explores the decarbonisation of one of the most dependent sectors on fossil fuels, the transport sector, more specifically light vehicles, in Portugal. As one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn potentiate climate change, this sector needs a reformulation within the scope of environmental sustainability. As an option to the current situation of internal combustion vehicles, we decided to analyze the contribution of battery electric vehicles in order to find out if they are or could be a viable option for a sustainable transition, aiming at principles of energy efficiency and circular economy. With this in mind, factors associated with the practicality and economy of battery electric vehicles were evaluated, verifying their feasibility of replacing conventional vehicles. Then, we investigated the environmental impact of the various processes associated with the production and use of vehicles, comparing them with internal combustion engine vehicles, and the expected improvements in the sector that propose paths for a more sustainable future.With the results, the contribution of battery electric vehicles to the transport sector’s descarbonisation was estimated, specifically for the Portuguese territory, to check if they are a good investment option for a sustainable future.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Morais, Fábio Rafael Freitas;

    A energia elétrica é um bem cada vez mais essencial dado que está quase omnipresente nas sociedades atuais. Por isso a necessidade de tornar a produção, transporte e distribuição mais fiável, eficiente e sustentável. As redes elétricas são atualmente a base sobre a qual as sociedades assentam, fornecendo a estas a energia necessária para todas as suas atividades, sejam elas domésticas ou industriais. No entanto, as novas realidades e desafios que estas enfrentam requerem que estas evoluam para que sejam capazes de se adaptarem a esses desafios. A evolução das redes atuais apresenta-se sob a forma das Smart Grids, redes elétricas inteligentes que irão integrar as mais recentes tecnologias para poderem satisfazer as necessidades de energia ao mesmo tempo que melhoram a fiabilidade, eficiência e sustentabilidade das redes que já existem atualmente. Uma das inovações que as Smart Grids virão trazer é o controlo do consumo, sendo este um dos aspetos importantes neste tipo de redes, uma vez que vai permitir à rede elétrica alterar até um certo ponto o consumo de energia elétrica de forma que este se adapte à capacidade de produção da rede. Isto irá criar muitas vantagens quer para a rede quer para os consumidores. O trabalho desta dissertação irá incidir no desenvolvimento de um sistema de gestão de cargas para operar numa Smart Grid. Tendo por isso como objetivo que este seja capaz de interagir com o utilizador, rede elétrica e cargas de forma que o funcionamento destas últimas vá de encontro às condições da rede ao mesmo tempo que reduz o custo que o funcionamento destas cargas trazem para o utilizador, fazendo assim com que o sistema implementado seja capaz de ser integrado em futuros programas de gestão de consumo. Nesta dissertação é apresentada uma análise do que atualmente se entende por gestão de consumo e quais são os objetivos principais deste tipo de gestão. É também apresentado um levantamento sobre as Smart Grids onde estes estão inseridos, sendo depois projetado o sistema de gestão de cargas de acordo com as informações recolhidas. Este é então simulado, implementado e testado de forma a demostrar que este é capaz de desempenhar a função para o qual foi concebido. The electric network is becoming much more essential since it´s almost omnipresent in today´s society. Because of that the need to make production, transportation and distribution more reliable, efficient and sustainable. The electric grids are, nowadays, the base in which the societies are sustained, giving them the necessary energy for all the activities, being them domestic or industrial. However, the new realities and challenges that they face require them to evolve, so that they can be capable of adaption to those challenges. The evolution of today’s grids present themselves as Smart Grids, that are intelligent electric grids that will integrate the newest technology to satisfy the energy requirements, at the same time that they improve reliability, efficiency and sustainability of the grids that already exist. One of the improvements that the Smart Grids will bring is the consumption control, being this one of the most relevant aspects of this type of grids, since it will allow the electric grid to alter to a certain degree the electric energy consumption in doing so, it will adapt to the production ability of the grid. Bringing a lot of advantages to the grid as well to the consumers. This dissertation project will focus on the development of a charge’s management system to operate in a Smart Grid. It pursues two main objectives: (1) friendly interaction with the user, the electric grid and changes in order to improve the grids’ conditions while reducing the cost to the user and (2) implementation of module to be integrated in the future programs of consumption management. In this dissertation is presented an analysis of what, nowadays, is understood as consumption management and what are the main objectives of this type of managemet. It will be also presented a research about Smart Grids, where they are inserted, being then projected a charge’s management system according to the found information. This will be simulated, implemented and testes to demonstrate that it is capable of doing what it was designed to do. Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e de Computadores

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    Authors: Oliveira, Ricardo Manuel Fernandes Lemos de;

    Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia de Manutenção O crescimento económico tem resultado num aumento mais que proporcional das emissões de gases com efeito estufa, resultando na degradação do meio ambiente. Com o intuito de reduzir o efeito de estufa, diversas medidas têm sido adotadas pelos governos de diferentes países, de entre as quais se destaca o incentivo à aquisição de veículos com emissões reduzidas. Os veículos elétricos, em particular, são apresentados como uma solução verde, amiga do ambiente, dado que durante a sua deslocação não têm emissões de gases nocivos para o ambiente. Estes veículos, nomeadamente os usados em transportes públicos e em circuitos urbanos, podem contribuir para reduzir esses impactos, devido ao seu desempenho energético e ambiental melhorado, quando comparados com os veículos convencionais com motor de combustão interna. O objetivo desta dissertação prende-se com a análise da viabilidade da aquisição de veículos elétricos pesados em Portugal. Para esta avaliação, foi decidido estabelecer uma comparação entre veículos existentes e em operação real, Diesel, GNC e elétricos, nas mesmas condições de operacionalidade. Na análise do estudo, fez-se uma avaliação de diversos fatores tais como: desempenho de um veículo pesado de passageiros elétrico em condições reais de utilização, através de ensaios realizados a bordo do mesmo. Através da metodologia VSP obtiveram-se os perfis de consumo de energia e a consequente análise do custo dos combustíveis, custo da eletricidade, custo de aquisição e operação, entre outros. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as condições de circulação e topografia influenciam pouco a eficiência do conjunto propulsor elétrico, tanto ao nível do fornecimento como da regeneração de energia, indicando que este veículo é ideal para circulação urbana. Na dissertação conclui-se que, do ponto de vista económico, ainda é ténue a vantagem de adquirir um veículo pesado de passageiros elétrico, pelo fato de ser uma tecnologia que apresenta uma maturidade pequena, e os preços elevados associados às baterias e de aquisição dos veículos. As autonomias limitam a utilização contínua deste tipo de veículos, que são prova de que existe um longo caminho a percorrer. Apesar de se estar a trabalhar no sentido de reduzir o nível de emissões de gases de efeito de estufa, urge a necessidade de se continuar a apostar em tecnologias amigas do ambiente, como o veículo elétrico, sensibilizando a população, entidades governamentais e indústria para este tema que a todos diz respeito. Economic growth has resulted in a more than proportional increase in greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in degradation of the environment. In order to reduce the greenhouse effect, several measures have been adopted by the governments of different countries, among which the incentive to purchase vehicles with reduced emissions stands out. Electric vehicles, in particular, are presented as a green, environmentally friendly solution, as they do not emit harmful gases into the environment when travelling. Heavy electric passenger vehicles, namely those used in public transport and urban circuits can contribute to reduce these impacts, due to their improved energy and environmental performance when compared to conventional vehicles with an internal combustion engine. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the purchasing viability of electric vehicles in Portugal. For this assessment, it was decided to establish a comparison between existing vehicles which are actually in operation, Diesel, GNC and electric ones, under the same operational conditions. In the analysis of the study, an assessment was made of several factors such as: performance of a heavy electric passenger vehicle under real conditions of use, through tests performed on board. Through the VSP methodology, energy consumption profiles and the consequent analysis of fuel costs, electricity costs, acquisition and operation costs, among others, were obtained. The results obtained show that the conditions of circulation and topography have little influence on the efficiency of the electric propulsion set, both in terms of supply and energy regeneration, indicating that this vehicle is ideal for urban circulation. In the dissertation, it is concluded that, from an economic point of view, the advantage of purchasing a heavy electric passenger vehicle is still tenuous, due to the fact that it’s a technology that has a small maturity, and the high prices associated with batteries and purchase of vehicles. Autonomies limit the continuous use of this type of vehicles, which are proof that there is a long way to go. Although work is being done to reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to continue investing in environmentally friendly technologies, such as the electric vehicle, raising the awareness of the population, government entities and industry to this issue that concerns everyone. N/A

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    Authors: Marques, Patrícia da Silva;

    Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Energia O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar os impactos económicos, energéticos e ambientais de um aumento da penetração de energias renováveis e veículos elétricos num sistema isolado, nomeadamente na ilha Terceira, Açores. Dado as ilhas serem bastante dependentes da importação de combustíveis fosseis, tanto para a produção de energia como para o setor dos transportes, pretende-se avaliar como será possível reduzir essa dependência e determinar a consequente redução de emissões de gases poluentes. Foram analisados alguns cenários, com e sem penetração de veículos elétricos (VE) e um cenário, muito irrealista mas bastante útil para avaliar os impactos, com 100 % da frota de veículos elétricos. Com a introdução de novas fontes de energia renováveis e o reforço da energia eólica já existente é possível baixar a produção de energia térmica, de 85 % para 24 % em 2030, reduzindo emissões de gases poluentes e importações de fuel óleo em 63 %. Com a penetração de 2000 e 4300 de VEs, para 2020 e 2030 respetivamente, é possível uma redução na importação de combustíveis fosseis, sendo essa redução de 0,2 % para 2020 e de 1 % para 2030. Conclui-se também que quantos mais VEs forem introduzidos maior será a redução de importações de combustíveis fosseis. Abstract: The present study aims to assess the economic, energy and environmental impacts of increased penetration of renewable energy and electric vehicles in an isolated system, in particular on Terceira Island, Azores. Islands are heavily dependent on imported fossil fuels, both for energy production and for the transportation sector. This dissertation intends to evaluate how it will be possible to reduce this dependency and to determine the consequent reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Several scenarios were analyzed, no penetration of electric vehicles, with penetration different of electric vehicles and finally a very unrealistic but useful scenario to assess the impacts, a 100 % of the electric vehicle fleet. With the introduction of new sources of renewable energy and the strengthening of existing wind energy is already possible to lower the production of thermal energy from 85 % to 24 % in 2030, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and imports of fuel oil by 63 %. With a penetration of 2000 and 4300 EVs, in 2020 and 2030 respectively, it’s possible a reduction in the import of fossil fuels, and this reduction of 0,2 % for 2020 and 1 % for 2030. It also follows that the more EVs are introduced greater the reduction of imported fossil fuels.

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    Authors: Sousa, Tiago José da Cunha;

    The consumption of electrical energy has been increasing decade by decade since last century. This increase has been leading to a continuous energy resources shortage, as is the case of fossil fuels which, in an aggravating way, have the disadvantage of contributing to the greenhouse effect, causing damage to the planet. In an effort to alleviate fossil fuels dependency, electric vehicles (EVs) appear as one of the most promising agents towards a sustainable planet with lower levels of environmental pollution. Besides the electric mobility paradigm, the EV plays a decisive role as a power grid support mechanism, since it is possible for battery charging systems to allow bidirectional operation. Hence, it is expected for the EV to be part of the solution instead of the problem for the power grid point of view, i.e., avoiding its congestion due to simultaneous battery charging of several EVs. It should be referred that electrical power quality must be also taken into consideration regarding EVs. Regarding the power electronics converters that integrate an EV, conventionally based on a traction system to drive the electric machine and a battery charging system that is used for slow battery charging, an approach can be performed towards converter optimization, namely by unifying both systems. With such approach, it is possible to drive the EV electric machine and perform the interface with the power grid for battery charging operation using the same power converters, which not only reduces the weight and cost of the employed power electronics but also endows the EV with an on-board fast battery charging system. In this context, the present document has as main goal the proposal of an integrated system for traction and battery charging of EVs with the possibility of interfacing power grids of the alternating current (AC) type, namely single-phase and three-phase AC power grids, and with power grids of the direct current (DC) type, using the same equipment in all cases. Furthermore, all interface modes allow bidirectional operation, therefore not restraining the EV to the operation as a mere load to the power grid but also as a support mechanism, being able to behave as such in any of the aforementioned types of power grids. The system proposed in this dissertation is initially validated through computational simulations, being afterwards designed and assembled an experimental prototype which was then validated in a workbench. O consumo de energia elétrica tem aumentado de década para década desde o século passado. Este aumento tem levado a uma crescente escassez de recursos energéticos como os combustíveis fósseis que, de forma agravante, têm a desvantagem de contribuir para o efeito de estufa, causando problemas ao planeta. De forma a atenuar a dependência dos combustíveis fósseis, os veículos elétricos (VEs) surgem como uma das principais promessas visando um planeta sustentável e com menores níveis de poluição ambiental. Para além do paradigma da mobilidade elétrica, o VE representa um papel fulcral como mecanismo de suporte à rede elétrica, uma vez que é possível que os sistemas de carregamento de baterias permitam uma operação bidirecional. Desta forma, é expectável que o VE seja uma solução e não um problema para a rede elétrica, i.e., evitando o seu congestionamento devido ao carregamento simultâneo das baterias de vários VEs. De referir que a qualidade de energia elétrica (QEE) deve ser também tida em consideração no que concerne os VEs. Em termos de otimização dos conversores de eletrónica de potência integrantes de um VE, uma abordagem passa por unificar o sistema de tração da máquina elétrica e o sistema de carregamento de baterias, dotando o VE de um sistema de carregamento de baterias on-board rápido, para além de reduzir ao peso e custo da eletrónica utilizada. Como tal, é possível acionar a máquina elétrica do VE e fazer a interface com a rede elétrica para carregamento das baterias utilizando os mesmos conversores. Assim sendo, este documento tem como objetivo propor um sistema integrado para tração e carregamento de baterias de VEs com possibilidade de interface com redes de corrente alternada (CA), monofásicas e trifásicas, e com redes de corrente contínua (CC), utilizando o mesmo equipamento em todos os casos. Para além disso, em todos os modos de interface é contemplada operação bidirecional, pelo que o sistema proposto não se cinge à operação do VE como uma carga para a rede elétrica mas também como mecanismo de suporte, podendo fazê-lo para qualquer um dos tipos de rede elétrica mencionados. O sistema proposto nesta tese é inicialmente validado recorrendo a simulações computacionais, tendo sido elaborado um protótipo laboratorial e posteriormente validado em bancada. Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) pelo financiamento da minha bolsa de doutoramento com a referência SFRH/BD/134353/2017 e pelo projeto de investigação DAIPESEV com a referência PTDC/EEI-EEE/30382/2017. Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Eletrónica e de Computadores Eletrónica de Potência e Sistemas de Energia

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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    Authors: Gomes, Armando Lucas de Albuquerque; Vieira, Milena Silva; Santos, Regina Rabelo dos;

    Companies are increasingly opting for more sustainable modes of transport, such as railways, short sea shipping and river transport, in order to reduce carbon emissions and environmental impact. Currently, humanity is well developed technologically, now turning its attention to a point that cannot be ignored: sustainable production. As progress is made in the production of goods and services, sustainable problems arise due to several linked reasons, one of which is the essential use of logistics. Thus, the research was carried out in a qualitative exploratory manner, benefiting the search for studies that consider logistical transport, designed based on current sustainable needs. The research aimed to evaluate the relationship “logistics x sustainable transport” by verifying discussions on the subject, considering the development goals proposed by Sustainable Development Goal 12 - Responsible consumption and production. The data used were scientific dissertations and theses, in addition to a compilation of materials and documents linked to the key expressions sustainable transport and logistics chain. In the content analysis, it was possible to identify the scarcity of research that relates cargo transportation and sustainability. The results highlighted the lack of research that includes the importance of sustainability applied to logistics modes, in addition to not properly explaining Brazil's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals in the context of logistics transport.

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    Authors: Rocha, Barbara Stella Oliveira; Carrilho, David Leite; Rocha, Barbara Stella Oliveira; Carrilho, David Leite;

    Devido à evolução de carga transportada há um aumento do consumo de diesel do transporte ferroviário, e, portanto, existe uma preocupação em desenvolver mecanismo para amenizar o impacto ambiental causado pelo uso de combustíveis fósseis e redução do custo com o seu uso. O biodiesel vem sendo uma fonte de energia alternativa promissora, o qual propõe não só em reduzir os principais gases causadores do efeito estufa, como também em amenizar o alto custo com o consumo de óleo diesel. Dado a essa sua importante característica, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo de levantar, de forma sucinta, as tendências desse biocombustível no modo ferroviário, tendo como referencia de aplicabilidade e sucesso à Companhia do Vale do Rio Doce.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Due to carried load evolution there is an increase in the consumption of diesel rail transport, and, therefore, there is a concern to develop mechanism to alleviate the environmental impact caused by the use of fossil fuels and reducing the cost with its use. The biodiesel has been a source of energy promising alternative, which proposes not only to reduce the principal gases causing the greenhouse effect, as well as alleviate the high cost to the consumption of diesel oil. Given that its important feature, this paper has as objective of raising, briefly, trends in the way that biofuel rail, taking as reference of applicability and success of the Company Vale do Rio Doce.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
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    Authors: Simão, Beatriz Martins;

    A atualidade marca-se cada vez mais pela crescente procura por soluções de mobilidade mais eficientes, acessíveis e sustentáveis. Assim surge a Mobilidade Partilhada, que desafia os modelos tradicionais da Indústria Automóvel. As variações nas preferências e necessidades das pessoas demonstram que o uso do veículo assume posição face à sua propriedade. A opinião e a perspetiva das empresas do setor acerca desta mudança de paradigma carece de alguma base substancial, desse modo este estudo propõe-se a preencher essa lacuna. Para esse efeito, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa exploratória, cujos resultados baseiam-se nos relatos de 15 especialistas da indústria automóvel. Nestas entrevistas foram recolhidos valiosos insights acerca dos impactos desta tendência emergente. As infraestruturas precárias, a resistência cultural e a legislação complexa são destacadas como desafios, que poderão ser ultrapassados a partir de tecnologias avançadas, de parcerias estratégicas e da conscientização dos consumidores. Estas adaptações potencializam benefícios e oportunidades, como a rentabilização dos ativos, a diminuição das emissões de carbono e a melhoria da relação com o cliente. Esta investigação destaca a importância de superar esses desafios e de adotar estratégias inovadoras, para que se possa garantir um futuro sustentável e eficiente no ecossistema dos transportes. É imperativo derrubar as barreiras estruturais existentes. Este novo conceito ainda divide as opiniões dos gestores do sector automóvel, no entanto existe uma convergência clara de que a Mobilidade Partilhada é um modelo de negócio cada vez mais presente e relevante na Indústria Automóvel. At present, there is a growing demand for mobility solutions that are more efficient, more accessible and more sustainable. This has led to the emergence of Shared Mobility, which challenges traditional models in the automotive industry. People's preferences and needs are changing, with vehicle usage taking precedence over ownership. This study aims to fill the gap in the opinion and perspective of companies in the sector regarding this paradigm shift. To achieve this, we adopted an exploratory qualitative approach. The results are based on the accounts of 15 experts in the automotive industry. The interviews provided valuable insights into the impacts of this emerging trend. Challenges such as poor infrastructure, cultural resistance, and complex legislation were highlighted. However, these challenges can be overcome through advanced technologies, strategic partnerships, and consumer awareness. These adaptations offer potential benefits and opportunities, such as maximizing assets, reducing carbon emissions, and enhancing customer relationships. This investigation highlights the importance of overcoming these challenges and adopting innovative strategies to ensure a sustainable and efficient future in the transport ecosystem. It is imperative to break down existing structural barriers. Although this new concept still divides the opinions of automotive sector managers, there is a clear convergence that Shared Mobility is an increasingly present and relevant business model in the Automotive Industry.

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    Authors: Campos, António Bernardo Moutinho;

    Mestrado Bolonha em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial Com a pandemia da COVID-19 observou-se um boom do e-commerce e consequentemente da distribuição de last mile. Por conseguinte, constatou-se um aumento de CO2 emitido pelas frotas das empresas, de modo a dar resposta ao aumento exponencial de entregas, que se verificou de mês para mês em 2020, atingido um máximo absoluto em 2021. O presente projeto analise e procura soluções para uma distribuição alimentar de last mile mais sustentável através de viaturas elétricas. Para suportar o estudo desenvolvido faz-se uma revisão de literatura explorando conceitos como a cadeia de abastecimento alimentar, a distribuição de last mile e a sustentabilidade dos veículos eco-friendly. Caracteriza-se a empresa em estudo e a sua operação de distribuição e definem-se um conjunto de cenários a estudar que poderiam ser viáveis para a empresa a nível de veículos a utilizar. Estabelece-se um conjunto de indicadores de performance de modo a analisar o impacto real que uma frota 100% elétrica poderá ter na operação da empresa. As viaturas elétricas já apresentam vantagens quando comparadas com as viaturas a combustão, tanto pelo custo de um “depósito elétrico”, onde este chega a ser menor, entre três a quatro vezes, do que um depósito a gasóleo, assim como também pelas não emissões de CO2. No entanto, as mesmas ainda não atingiram o patamar para que a empresa em estudo tenha uma frota 100% sustentável, uma vez que não existem soluções de viaturas elétricas refrigeradas no mercado que correspondam às necessidades operacionais. Apesar disso, reitera-se os esforços positivos e o foco da empresa na introdução de mais viaturas elétricas, numa tentativa de dar resposta às pressões das entidades reguladoras, dos clientes e das insígnias, tendo como resultados a diminuição da sua pegada ecológica e a continuação na vanguarda das inovações neste setor tão específico como o last mile da distribuição alimentar. With the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a boom in e-commerce and, consequently, in last mile distribution. Therefore, there was an increase in CO2 emitted by company fleets, to respond to the exponential increase in deliveries, which occurred from month to month in 2020, reaching an absolute maximum in 2021. This project analyzes and seeks solutions for a more sustainable last mile food distribution through electric vehicles. To support the developed study, a literature review explores concepts such as the food supply chain, last mile distribution, and the sustainability of eco-friendly vehicles. The company under study and its distribution operation are characterized and a set of scenarios to be studied that could be viable for the company in terms of vehicles to be used are defined. A set of performance indicators is established to analyze the real impact that a 100% electric fleet may have on the company's operation. Electric vehicles already have advantages when compared to combustion vehicles, both because of the cost of an “electric tank”, which is between three and four times smaller than a diesel tank, as well as because of the non-emissions. of CO2. However, they have not yet reached the level for the company under study to have a 100% sustainable fleet, since there are no refrigerated electric vehicle solutions on the market that correspond to operational needs. Despite this, the positive efforts and the company's focus on the introduction of more electric vehicles are reiterated, to respond to pressure from regulatory authorities, customers, and brands, resulting in a reduction in its ecological footprint and the continuation at the forefront of innovations in this sector as specific as the last mile of food distribution. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Master thesis . 2022
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31 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pinto, Bruno David Pinto e;

    Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica – Ramo Energia Numa era marcada pela constante e frenética evolução tecnológica, a utilização sustentável dos recursos energéticos continua a ser um dos maiores desafios que enfrentamos como sociedade. É urgente enraizar culturalmente a sensibilidade e orientação para as questões relacionadas com a proteção ambiental, evitando assim comprometer as futuras gerações. A instabilidade geopolítica vivida em alguns centros de poder mundial, as guerras comerciais, os protecionismos e as constantes ameaças de escassez de petróleo, criam uma certa volatilidade no mercado petrolífero internacional. São épocas de incerteza, como a que vivemos, que podem servir de mote a alternativas que permitam uma melhoria substancial na eficiência energética e ambiental do nosso quotidiano. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para essa reflexão, tendo como foco o estudo das frotas automóveis nas empresas. Dentro de um contexto empresarial, será estudada a substituição gradual de veículos de combustão por veículos de tração elétrica e será verificada qual a margem de melhoramento no que trata à problemática da eficiência na utilização dos recursos energéticos, numa fase inicial, tentando manter inalterados os hábitos de mobilidade dos colaboradores. A abordagem ao tema pretende também mensurar o grau de maturidade da Mobilidade Elétrica em Portugal, para onde caminha o seu desenvolvimento e, ao mesmo tempo, desconstruir alguns mitos associados à construção, comercialização e utilização de veículos elétricos. A verdade é que se fala em tempos de mudança, os entendidos dizem que é inevitável! A esperada proliferação massiva dos veículos elétricos plug-in será acompanhada de um aumento de ligações à rede destas novas cargas. Apesar de se esperar uma mudança gradual, torna-se indispensável compreender qual será o real impacto nas Redes e Instalações Elétricas. É importante também perceber se já estão a ser equacionadas medidas pelas entidades gestoras e reguladoras no sentido de haver uma preparação para um previsível aumento da demanda de energia e potência. A criação de alguns cenários de carregamento tentará replicar esse aumento da demanda energética após a instalação de um ou mais postos de carregamento numa infraestrutura existente. Serão estudadas e comparadas as diversas alterações resultantes ao perfil de consumo da instalação, bem como alguns parâmetros importantes no âmbito da qualidade da energia. In an era marked by constant and frantic technological evolution, the sustainable use of energy resources remains one of the greatest challenges that we face as a society. There’s an urgent need to root culturally the sensitivity and guidance on issues related to environmental protection, thus avoiding jeopardizing future generations. The geopolitical instability that is experienced in some of the most influents countries in the word initiate phenoms like trade wars, protectionism and constant threats of oil shortages, creates a certain volatility in the international oil market. These times of uncertainty can serve as a motto for alternatives that allow a substantial improvement in the efficiency associated at the use of energy in our daily normal lives. This paper intends to contribute to this reflection, focus is study on company car fleets. In this business context it will be studied the gradual substitution of the ICE vehicles by EV's, and what the improvement margin off the energy efficiency resources associated too that change. At an early stage, the mobility habits of the employees must stay unchanged. The approach to this theme is also intended to measure the point of maturity of electric mobility in Portugal, which path follows its development and at the same time, deconstruct some of the myths associated to the construction, commercialization and the utilization of EV’s. The truth is that we live times of change, the experts say it’s inevitable! The expected massive proliferation of plug-in EV’s it will be accompanied by an increase off the connections in the electric grid. It’s essential to understand what the real impact on networks and electrical installations will be, although it’s expected a slow and gradual change. It’s also important to understand whether measures are already being taken by management and regulators entities to prepare the electric system for a supposed increase in energy and power demand. The creation of some charging scenarios will attempt to replicate this increase in energy demand after the installation of one or more charging stations on an existing infrastructure. The resulted changes at the profile consumption of the installation it will be studied and compared, as well as some important parameters related to the energy quality. N/A

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lopes, Carlos Alexandre Baptista;

    As alterações climáticas são dos problemas mais graves da atualidade. É de extrema importância priorizar a sua resolução em prol da sobrevivência da raça humana e outras inúmeras formas de vida. A dependente utilização de combustíveis fósseis representa uma das principais causas das alterações climáticas e, por isso, é necessário encontrar uma alternativa. Nesta dissertação explora-se a descarbonização de um dos setores mais dependentes de combustíveis fósseis, o setor dos transportes, mais especificamente veículos ligeiros, em Portugal. Por ser um dos principais contribuidores para as emissões de gases com efeito de estufa, que por sua vez potenciam as alterações climáticas, este setor necessita de uma reformulação no âmbito da sustentabilidade ambiental. Como opção à situação atual de veículos a combustão interna decidiu-se analisar o contributo dos veículos elétricos a bateria de modo a averiguar se são ou poderão ser uma opção viável para uma transição sustentável, visando princípios de eficiência energética e de economia circular. Com isto em mente, avaliaram-se fatores associados à praticidade e economia dos veículos elétricos a bateria averiguando a sua viabilidade de substituição dos veículos convencionais para os condutores portugueses. Depois, investigou-se o impacto ambiental dos vários processos associados à produção e utilização dos veículos, comparando-se com os veículos a combustão interna, e as melhorias expectáveis no setor que propõem caminhos para um futuro mais sustentável. Com os resultados obtidos estimou-se o contributo dos veículos elétricos a bateria para a descarbonização do setor dos transportes, especificamente para o território português, averiguando se são uma boa opção de investimento para um futuro sustentável. Climate change is one of the most serious problems nowadays. It’s extremely important to prioritize its resolution for the survival of the human race and other countless forms of life. The dependent use of fossil fuels represents one of the main causes of climate change, it is necessary to find an alternative.This dissertation explores the decarbonisation of one of the most dependent sectors on fossil fuels, the transport sector, more specifically light vehicles, in Portugal. As one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn potentiate climate change, this sector needs a reformulation within the scope of environmental sustainability. As an option to the current situation of internal combustion vehicles, we decided to analyze the contribution of battery electric vehicles in order to find out if they are or could be a viable option for a sustainable transition, aiming at principles of energy efficiency and circular economy. With this in mind, factors associated with the practicality and economy of battery electric vehicles were evaluated, verifying their feasibility of replacing conventional vehicles. Then, we investigated the environmental impact of the various processes associated with the production and use of vehicles, comparing them with internal combustion engine vehicles, and the expected improvements in the sector that propose paths for a more sustainable future.With the results, the contribution of battery electric vehicles to the transport sector’s descarbonisation was estimated, specifically for the Portuguese territory, to check if they are a good investment option for a sustainable future.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Morais, Fábio Rafael Freitas;

    A energia elétrica é um bem cada vez mais essencial dado que está quase omnipresente nas sociedades atuais. Por isso a necessidade de tornar a produção, transporte e distribuição mais fiável, eficiente e sustentável. As redes elétricas são atualmente a base sobre a qual as sociedades assentam, fornecendo a estas a energia necessária para todas as suas atividades, sejam elas domésticas ou industriais. No entanto, as novas realidades e desafios que estas enfrentam requerem que estas evoluam para que sejam capazes de se adaptarem a esses desafios. A evolução das redes atuais apresenta-se sob a forma das Smart Grids, redes elétricas inteligentes que irão integrar as mais recentes tecnologias para poderem satisfazer as necessidades de energia ao mesmo tempo que melhoram a fiabilidade, eficiência e sustentabilidade das redes que já existem atualmente. Uma das inovações que as Smart Grids virão trazer é o controlo do consumo, sendo este um dos aspetos importantes neste tipo de redes, uma vez que vai permitir à rede elétrica alterar até um certo ponto o consumo de energia elétrica de forma que este se adapte à capacidade de produção da rede. Isto irá criar muitas vantagens quer para a rede quer para os consumidores. O trabalho desta dissertação irá incidir no desenvolvimento de um sistema de gestão de cargas para operar numa Smart Grid. Tendo por isso como objetivo que este seja capaz de interagir com o utilizador, rede elétrica e cargas de forma que o funcionamento destas últimas vá de encontro às condições da rede ao mesmo tempo que reduz o custo que o funcionamento destas cargas trazem para o utilizador, fazendo assim com que o sistema implementado seja capaz de ser integrado em futuros programas de gestão de consumo. Nesta dissertação é apresentada uma análise do que atualmente se entende por gestão de consumo e quais são os objetivos principais deste tipo de gestão. É também apresentado um levantamento sobre as Smart Grids onde estes estão inseridos, sendo depois projetado o sistema de gestão de cargas de acordo com as informações recolhidas. Este é então simulado, implementado e testado de forma a demostrar que este é capaz de desempenhar a função para o qual foi concebido. The electric network is becoming much more essential since it´s almost omnipresent in today´s society. Because of that the need to make production, transportation and distribution more reliable, efficient and sustainable. The electric grids are, nowadays, the base in which the societies are sustained, giving them the necessary energy for all the activities, being them domestic or industrial. However, the new realities and challenges that they face require them to evolve, so that they can be capable of adaption to those challenges. The evolution of today’s grids present themselves as Smart Grids, that are intelligent electric grids that will integrate the newest technology to satisfy the energy requirements, at the same time that they improve reliability, efficiency and sustainability of the grids that already exist. One of the improvements that the Smart Grids will bring is the consumption control, being this one of the most relevant aspects of this type of grids, since it will allow the electric grid to alter to a certain degree the electric energy consumption in doing so, it will adapt to the production ability of the grid. Bringing a lot of advantages to the grid as well to the consumers. This dissertation project will focus on the development of a charge’s management system to operate in a Smart Grid. It pursues two main objectives: (1) friendly interaction with the user, the electric grid and changes in order to improve the grids’ conditions while reducing the cost to the user and (2) implementation of module to be integrated in the future programs of consumption management. In this dissertation is presented an analysis of what, nowadays, is understood as consumption management and what are the main objectives of this type of managemet. It will be also presented a research about Smart Grids, where they are inserted, being then projected a charge’s management system according to the found information. This will be simulated, implemented and testes to demonstrate that it is capable of doing what it was designed to do. Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e de Computadores

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    Authors: Oliveira, Ricardo Manuel Fernandes Lemos de;

    Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia de Manutenção O crescimento económico tem resultado num aumento mais que proporcional das emissões de gases com efeito estufa, resultando na degradação do meio ambiente. Com o intuito de reduzir o efeito de estufa, diversas medidas têm sido adotadas pelos governos de diferentes países, de entre as quais se destaca o incentivo à aquisição de veículos com emissões reduzidas. Os veículos elétricos, em particular, são apresentados como uma solução verde, amiga do ambiente, dado que durante a sua deslocação não têm emissões de gases nocivos para o ambiente. Estes veículos, nomeadamente os usados em transportes públicos e em circuitos urbanos, podem contribuir para reduzir esses impactos, devido ao seu desempenho energético e ambiental melhorado, quando comparados com os veículos convencionais com motor de combustão interna. O objetivo desta dissertação prende-se com a análise da viabilidade da aquisição de veículos elétricos pesados em Portugal. Para esta avaliação, foi decidido estabelecer uma comparação entre veículos existentes e em operação real, Diesel, GNC e elétricos, nas mesmas condições de operacionalidade. Na análise do estudo, fez-se uma avaliação de diversos fatores tais como: desempenho de um veículo pesado de passageiros elétrico em condições reais de utilização, através de ensaios realizados a bordo do mesmo. Através da metodologia VSP obtiveram-se os perfis de consumo de energia e a consequente análise do custo dos combustíveis, custo da eletricidade, custo de aquisição e operação, entre outros. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as condições de circulação e topografia influenciam pouco a eficiência do conjunto propulsor elétrico, tanto ao nível do fornecimento como da regeneração de energia, indicando que este veículo é ideal para circulação urbana. Na dissertação conclui-se que, do ponto de vista económico, ainda é ténue a vantagem de adquirir um veículo pesado de passageiros elétrico, pelo fato de ser uma tecnologia que apresenta uma maturidade pequena, e os preços elevados associados às baterias e de aquisição dos veículos. As autonomias limitam a utilização contínua deste tipo de veículos, que são prova de que existe um longo caminho a percorrer. Apesar de se estar a trabalhar no sentido de reduzir o nível de emissões de gases de efeito de estufa, urge a necessidade de se continuar a apostar em tecnologias amigas do ambiente, como o veículo elétrico, sensibilizando a população, entidades governamentais e indústria para este tema que a todos diz respeito. Economic growth has resulted in a more than proportional increase in greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in degradation of the environment. In order to reduce the greenhouse effect, several measures have been adopted by the governments of different countries, among which the incentive to purchase vehicles with reduced emissions stands out. Electric vehicles, in particular, are presented as a green, environmentally friendly solution, as they do not emit harmful gases into the environment when travelling. Heavy electric passenger vehicles, namely those used in public transport and urban circuits can contribute to reduce these impacts, due to their improved energy and environmental performance when compared to conventional vehicles with an internal combustion engine. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the purchasing viability of electric vehicles in Portugal. For this assessment, it was decided to establish a comparison between existing vehicles which are actually in operation, Diesel, GNC and electric ones, under the same operational conditions. In the analysis of the study, an assessment was made of several factors such as: performance of a heavy electric passenger vehicle under real conditions of use, through tests performed on board. Through the VSP methodology, energy consumption profiles and the consequent analysis of fuel costs, electricity costs, acquisition and operation costs, among others, were obtained. The results obtained show that the conditions of circulation and topography have little influence on the efficiency of the electric propulsion set, both in terms of supply and energy regeneration, indicating that this vehicle is ideal for urban circulation. In the dissertation, it is concluded that, from an economic point of view, the advantage of purchasing a heavy electric passenger vehicle is still tenuous, due to the fact that it’s a technology that has a small maturity, and the high prices associated with batteries and purchase of vehicles. Autonomies limit the continuous use of this type of vehicles, which are proof that there is a long way to go. Although work is being done to reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to continue investing in environmentally friendly technologies, such as the electric vehicle, raising the awareness of the population, government entities and industry to this issue that concerns everyone. N/A

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    Authors: Marques, Patrícia da Silva;

    Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Energia O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar os impactos económicos, energéticos e ambientais de um aumento da penetração de energias renováveis e veículos elétricos num sistema isolado, nomeadamente na ilha Terceira, Açores. Dado as ilhas serem bastante dependentes da importação de combustíveis fosseis, tanto para a produção de energia como para o setor dos transportes, pretende-se avaliar como será possível reduzir essa dependência e determinar a consequente redução de emissões de gases poluentes. Foram analisados alguns cenários, com e sem penetração de veículos elétricos (VE) e um cenário, muito irrealista mas bastante útil para avaliar os impactos, com 100 % da frota de veículos elétricos. Com a introdução de novas fontes de energia renováveis e o reforço da energia eólica já existente é possível baixar a produção de energia térmica, de 85 % para 24 % em 2030, reduzindo emissões de gases poluentes e importações de fuel óleo em 63 %. Com a penetração de 2000 e 4300 de VEs, para 2020 e 2030 respetivamente, é possível uma redução na importação de combustíveis fosseis, sendo essa redução de 0,2 % para 2020 e de 1 % para 2030. Conclui-se também que quantos mais VEs forem introduzidos maior será a redução de importações de combustíveis fosseis. Abstract: The present study aims to assess the economic, energy and environmental impacts of increased penetration of renewable energy and electric vehicles in an isolated system, in particular on Terceira Island, Azores. Islands are heavily dependent on imported fossil fuels, both for energy production and for the transportation sector. This dissertation intends to evaluate how it will be possible to reduce this dependency and to determine the consequent reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Several scenarios were analyzed, no penetration of electric vehicles, with penetration different of electric vehicles and finally a very unrealistic but useful scenario to assess the impacts, a 100 % of the electric vehicle fleet. With the introduction of new sources of renewable energy and the strengthening of existing wind energy is already possible to lower the production of thermal energy from 85 % to 24 % in 2030, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and imports of fuel oil by 63 %. With a penetration of 2000 and 4300 EVs, in 2020 and 2030 respectively, it’s possible a reduction in the import of fossil fuels, and this reduction of 0,2 % for 2020 and 1 % for 2030. It also follows that the more EVs are introduced greater the reduction of imported fossil fuels.

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    Authors: Sousa, Tiago José da Cunha;

    The consumption of electrical energy has been increasing decade by decade since last century. This increase has been leading to a continuous energy resources shortage, as is the case of fossil fuels which, in an aggravating way, have the disadvantage of contributing to the greenhouse effect, causing damage to the planet. In an effort to alleviate fossil fuels dependency, electric vehicles (EVs) appear as one of the most promising agents towards a sustainable planet with lower levels of environmental pollution. Besides the electric mobility paradigm, the EV plays a decisive role as a power grid support mechanism, since it is possible for battery charging systems to allow bidirectional operation. Hence, it is expected for the EV to be part of the solution instead of the problem for the power grid point of view, i.e., avoiding its congestion due to simultaneous battery charging of several EVs. It should be referred that electrical power quality must be also taken into consideration regarding EVs. Regarding the power electronics converters that integrate an EV, conventionally based on a traction system to drive the electric machine and a battery charging system that is used for slow battery charging, an approach can be performed towards converter optimization, namely by unifying both systems. With such approach, it is possible to drive the EV electric machine and perform the interface with the power grid for battery charging operation using the same power converters, which not only reduces the weight and cost of the employed power electronics but also endows the EV with an on-board fast battery charging system. In this context, the present document has as main goal the proposal of an integrated system for traction and battery charging of EVs with the possibility of interfacing power grids of the alternating current (AC) type, namely single-phase and three-phase AC power grids, and with power grids of the direct current (DC) type, using the same equipment in all cases. Furthermore, all interface modes allow bidirectional operation, therefore not restraining the EV to the operation as a mere load to the power grid but also as a support mechanism, being able to behave as such in any of the aforementioned types of power grids. The system proposed in this dissertation is initially validated through computational simulations, being afterwards designed and assembled an experimental prototype which was then validated in a workbench. O consumo de energia elétrica tem aumentado de década para década desde o século passado. Este aumento tem levado a uma crescente escassez de recursos energéticos como os combustíveis fósseis que, de forma agravante, têm a desvantagem de contribuir para o efeito de estufa, causando problemas ao planeta. De forma a atenuar a dependência dos combustíveis fósseis, os veículos elétricos (VEs) surgem como uma das principais promessas visando um planeta sustentável e com menores níveis de poluição ambiental. Para além do paradigma da mobilidade elétrica, o VE representa um papel fulcral como mecanismo de suporte à rede elétrica, uma vez que é possível que os sistemas de carregamento de baterias permitam uma operação bidirecional. Desta forma, é expectável que o VE seja uma solução e não um problema para a rede elétrica, i.e., evitando o seu congestionamento devido ao carregamento simultâneo das baterias de vários VEs. De referir que a qualidade de energia elétrica (QEE) deve ser também tida em consideração no que concerne os VEs. Em termos de otimização dos conversores de eletrónica de potência integrantes de um VE, uma abordagem passa por unificar o sistema de tração da máquina elétrica e o sistema de carregamento de baterias, dotando o VE de um sistema de carregamento de baterias on-board rápido, para além de reduzir ao peso e custo da eletrónica utilizada. Como tal, é possível acionar a máquina elétrica do VE e fazer a interface com a rede elétrica para carregamento das baterias utilizando os mesmos conversores. Assim sendo, este documento tem como objetivo propor um sistema integrado para tração e carregamento de baterias de VEs com possibilidade de interface com redes de corrente alternada (CA), monofásicas e trifásicas, e com redes de corrente contínua (CC), utilizando o mesmo equipamento em todos os casos. Para além disso, em todos os modos de interface é contemplada operação bidirecional, pelo que o sistema proposto não se cinge à operação do VE como uma carga para a rede elétrica mas também como mecanismo de suporte, podendo fazê-lo para qualquer um dos tipos de rede elétrica mencionados. O sistema proposto nesta tese é inicialmente validado recorrendo a simulações computacionais, tendo sido elaborado um protótipo laboratorial e posteriormente validado em bancada. Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) pelo financiamento da minha bolsa de doutoramento com a referência SFRH/BD/134353/2017 e pelo projeto de investigação DAIPESEV com a referência PTDC/EEI-EEE/30382/2017. Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Eletrónica e de Computadores Eletrónica de Potência e Sistemas de Energia

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    Authors: Gomes, Armando Lucas de Albuquerque; Vieira, Milena Silva; Santos, Regina Rabelo dos;

    Companies are increasingly opting for more sustainable modes of transport, such as railways, short sea shipping and river transport, in order to reduce carbon emissions and environmental impact. Currently, humanity is well developed technologically, now turning its attention to a point that cannot be ignored: sustainable production. As progress is made in the production of goods and services, sustainable problems arise due to several linked reasons, one of which is the essential use of logistics. Thus, the research was carried out in a qualitative exploratory manner, benefiting the search for studies that consider logistical transport, designed based on current sustainable needs. The research aimed to evaluate the relationship “logistics x sustainable transport” by verifying discussions on the subject, considering the development goals proposed by Sustainable Development Goal 12 - Responsible consumption and production. The data used were scientific dissertations and theses, in addition to a compilation of materials and documents linked to the key expressions sustainable transport and logistics chain. In the content analysis, it was possible to identify the scarcity of research that relates cargo transportation and sustainability. The results highlighted the lack of research that includes the importance of sustainability applied to logistics modes, in addition to not properly explaining Brazil's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals in the context of logistics transport.

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    Authors: Rocha, Barbara Stella Oliveira; Carrilho, David Leite; Rocha, Barbara Stella Oliveira; Carrilho, David Leite;

    Devido à evolução de carga transportada há um aumento do consumo de diesel do transporte ferroviário, e, portanto, existe uma preocupação em desenvolver mecanismo para amenizar o impacto ambiental causado pelo uso de combustíveis fósseis e redução do custo com o seu uso. O biodiesel vem sendo uma fonte de energia alternativa promissora, o qual propõe não só em reduzir os principais gases causadores do efeito estufa, como também em amenizar o alto custo com o consumo de óleo diesel. Dado a essa sua importante característica, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo de levantar, de forma sucinta, as tendências desse biocombustível no modo ferroviário, tendo como referencia de aplicabilidade e sucesso à Companhia do Vale do Rio Doce.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Due to carried load evolution there is an increase in the consumption of diesel rail transport, and, therefore, there is a concern to develop mechanism to alleviate the environmental impact caused by the use of fossil fuels and reducing the cost with its use. The biodiesel has been a source of energy promising alternative, which proposes not only to reduce the principal gases causing the greenhouse effect, as well as alleviate the high cost to the consumption of diesel oil. Given that its important feature, this paper has as objective of raising, briefly, trends in the way that biofuel rail, taking as reference of applicability and success of the Company Vale do Rio Doce.

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    Authors: Simão, Beatriz Martins;

    A atualidade marca-se cada vez mais pela crescente procura por soluções de mobilidade mais eficientes, acessíveis e sustentáveis. Assim surge a Mobilidade Partilhada, que desafia os modelos tradicionais da Indústria Automóvel. As variações nas preferências e necessidades das pessoas demonstram que o uso do veículo assume posição face à sua propriedade. A opinião e a perspetiva das empresas do setor acerca desta mudança de paradigma carece de alguma base substancial, desse modo este estudo propõe-se a preencher essa lacuna. Para esse efeito, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa exploratória, cujos resultados baseiam-se nos relatos de 15 especialistas da indústria automóvel. Nestas entrevistas foram recolhidos valiosos insights acerca dos impactos desta tendência emergente. As infraestruturas precárias, a resistência cultural e a legislação complexa são destacadas como desafios, que poderão ser ultrapassados a partir de tecnologias avançadas, de parcerias estratégicas e da conscientização dos consumidores. Estas adaptações potencializam benefícios e oportunidades, como a rentabilização dos ativos, a diminuição das emissões de carbono e a melhoria da relação com o cliente. Esta investigação destaca a importância de superar esses desafios e de adotar estratégias inovadoras, para que se possa garantir um futuro sustentável e eficiente no ecossistema dos transportes. É imperativo derrubar as barreiras estruturais existentes. Este novo conceito ainda divide as opiniões dos gestores do sector automóvel, no entanto existe uma convergência clara de que a Mobilidade Partilhada é um modelo de negócio cada vez mais presente e relevante na Indústria Automóvel. At present, there is a growing demand for mobility solutions that are more efficient, more accessible and more sustainable. This has led to the emergence of Shared Mobility, which challenges traditional models in the automotive industry. People's preferences and needs are changing, with vehicle usage taking precedence over ownership. This study aims to fill the gap in the opinion and perspective of companies in the sector regarding this paradigm shift. To achieve this, we adopted an exploratory qualitative approach. The results are based on the accounts of 15 experts in the automotive industry. The interviews provided valuable insights into the impacts of this emerging trend. Challenges such as poor infrastructure, cultural resistance, and complex legislation were highlighted. However, these challenges can be overcome through advanced technologies, strategic partnerships, and consumer awareness. These adaptations offer potential benefits and opportunities, such as maximizing assets, reducing carbon emissions, and enhancing customer relationships. This investigation highlights the importance of overcoming these challenges and adopting innovative strategies to ensure a sustainable and efficient future in the transport ecosystem. It is imperative to break down existing structural barriers. Although this new concept still divides the opinions of automotive sector managers, there is a clear convergence that Shared Mobility is an increasingly present and relevant business model in the Automotive Industry.

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    Authors: Campos, António Bernardo Moutinho;

    Mestrado Bolonha em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial Com a pandemia da COVID-19 observou-se um boom do e-commerce e consequentemente da distribuição de last mile. Por conseguinte, constatou-se um aumento de CO2 emitido pelas frotas das empresas, de modo a dar resposta ao aumento exponencial de entregas, que se verificou de mês para mês em 2020, atingido um máximo absoluto em 2021. O presente projeto analise e procura soluções para uma distribuição alimentar de last mile mais sustentável através de viaturas elétricas. Para suportar o estudo desenvolvido faz-se uma revisão de literatura explorando conceitos como a cadeia de abastecimento alimentar, a distribuição de last mile e a sustentabilidade dos veículos eco-friendly. Caracteriza-se a empresa em estudo e a sua operação de distribuição e definem-se um conjunto de cenários a estudar que poderiam ser viáveis para a empresa a nível de veículos a utilizar. Estabelece-se um conjunto de indicadores de performance de modo a analisar o impacto real que uma frota 100% elétrica poderá ter na operação da empresa. As viaturas elétricas já apresentam vantagens quando comparadas com as viaturas a combustão, tanto pelo custo de um “depósito elétrico”, onde este chega a ser menor, entre três a quatro vezes, do que um depósito a gasóleo, assim como também pelas não emissões de CO2. No entanto, as mesmas ainda não atingiram o patamar para que a empresa em estudo tenha uma frota 100% sustentável, uma vez que não existem soluções de viaturas elétricas refrigeradas no mercado que correspondam às necessidades operacionais. Apesar disso, reitera-se os esforços positivos e o foco da empresa na introdução de mais viaturas elétricas, numa tentativa de dar resposta às pressões das entidades reguladoras, dos clientes e das insígnias, tendo como resultados a diminuição da sua pegada ecológica e a continuação na vanguarda das inovações neste setor tão específico como o last mile da distribuição alimentar. With the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a boom in e-commerce and, consequently, in last mile distribution. Therefore, there was an increase in CO2 emitted by company fleets, to respond to the exponential increase in deliveries, which occurred from month to month in 2020, reaching an absolute maximum in 2021. This project analyzes and seeks solutions for a more sustainable last mile food distribution through electric vehicles. To support the developed study, a literature review explores concepts such as the food supply chain, last mile distribution, and the sustainability of eco-friendly vehicles. The company under study and its distribution operation are characterized and a set of scenarios to be studied that could be viable for the company in terms of vehicles to be used are defined. A set of performance indicators is established to analyze the real impact that a 100% electric fleet may have on the company's operation. Electric vehicles already have advantages when compared to combustion vehicles, both because of the cost of an “electric tank”, which is between three and four times smaller than a diesel tank, as well as because of the non-emissions. of CO2. However, they have not yet reached the level for the company under study to have a 100% sustainable fleet, since there are no refrigerated electric vehicle solutions on the market that correspond to operational needs. Despite this, the positive efforts and the company's focus on the introduction of more electric vehicles are reiterated, to respond to pressure from regulatory authorities, customers, and brands, resulting in a reduction in its ecological footprint and the continuation at the forefront of innovations in this sector as specific as the last mile of food distribution. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Master thesis . 2022
    Data sources: UTL Repository
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ UTL Repositoryarrow_drop_down
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      Master thesis . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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