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  • 11. Sustainability
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  • Transport Research

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sousa, Tiago José da Cunha;

    The consumption of electrical energy has been increasing decade by decade since last century. This increase has been leading to a continuous energy resources shortage, as is the case of fossil fuels which, in an aggravating way, have the disadvantage of contributing to the greenhouse effect, causing damage to the planet. In an effort to alleviate fossil fuels dependency, electric vehicles (EVs) appear as one of the most promising agents towards a sustainable planet with lower levels of environmental pollution. Besides the electric mobility paradigm, the EV plays a decisive role as a power grid support mechanism, since it is possible for battery charging systems to allow bidirectional operation. Hence, it is expected for the EV to be part of the solution instead of the problem for the power grid point of view, i.e., avoiding its congestion due to simultaneous battery charging of several EVs. It should be referred that electrical power quality must be also taken into consideration regarding EVs. Regarding the power electronics converters that integrate an EV, conventionally based on a traction system to drive the electric machine and a battery charging system that is used for slow battery charging, an approach can be performed towards converter optimization, namely by unifying both systems. With such approach, it is possible to drive the EV electric machine and perform the interface with the power grid for battery charging operation using the same power converters, which not only reduces the weight and cost of the employed power electronics but also endows the EV with an on-board fast battery charging system. In this context, the present document has as main goal the proposal of an integrated system for traction and battery charging of EVs with the possibility of interfacing power grids of the alternating current (AC) type, namely single-phase and three-phase AC power grids, and with power grids of the direct current (DC) type, using the same equipment in all cases. Furthermore, all interface modes allow bidirectional operation, therefore not restraining the EV to the operation as a mere load to the power grid but also as a support mechanism, being able to behave as such in any of the aforementioned types of power grids. The system proposed in this dissertation is initially validated through computational simulations, being afterwards designed and assembled an experimental prototype which was then validated in a workbench. O consumo de energia elétrica tem aumentado de década para década desde o século passado. Este aumento tem levado a uma crescente escassez de recursos energéticos como os combustíveis fósseis que, de forma agravante, têm a desvantagem de contribuir para o efeito de estufa, causando problemas ao planeta. De forma a atenuar a dependência dos combustíveis fósseis, os veículos elétricos (VEs) surgem como uma das principais promessas visando um planeta sustentável e com menores níveis de poluição ambiental. Para além do paradigma da mobilidade elétrica, o VE representa um papel fulcral como mecanismo de suporte à rede elétrica, uma vez que é possível que os sistemas de carregamento de baterias permitam uma operação bidirecional. Desta forma, é expectável que o VE seja uma solução e não um problema para a rede elétrica, i.e., evitando o seu congestionamento devido ao carregamento simultâneo das baterias de vários VEs. De referir que a qualidade de energia elétrica (QEE) deve ser também tida em consideração no que concerne os VEs. Em termos de otimização dos conversores de eletrónica de potência integrantes de um VE, uma abordagem passa por unificar o sistema de tração da máquina elétrica e o sistema de carregamento de baterias, dotando o VE de um sistema de carregamento de baterias on-board rápido, para além de reduzir ao peso e custo da eletrónica utilizada. Como tal, é possível acionar a máquina elétrica do VE e fazer a interface com a rede elétrica para carregamento das baterias utilizando os mesmos conversores. Assim sendo, este documento tem como objetivo propor um sistema integrado para tração e carregamento de baterias de VEs com possibilidade de interface com redes de corrente alternada (CA), monofásicas e trifásicas, e com redes de corrente contínua (CC), utilizando o mesmo equipamento em todos os casos. Para além disso, em todos os modos de interface é contemplada operação bidirecional, pelo que o sistema proposto não se cinge à operação do VE como uma carga para a rede elétrica mas também como mecanismo de suporte, podendo fazê-lo para qualquer um dos tipos de rede elétrica mencionados. O sistema proposto nesta tese é inicialmente validado recorrendo a simulações computacionais, tendo sido elaborado um protótipo laboratorial e posteriormente validado em bancada. Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) pelo financiamento da minha bolsa de doutoramento com a referência SFRH/BD/134353/2017 e pelo projeto de investigação DAIPESEV com a referência PTDC/EEI-EEE/30382/2017. Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Eletrónica e de Computadores Eletrónica de Potência e Sistemas de Energia

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2022
      License: CC BY NC ND
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Künsch, Jeniffer Balarini Lemos;

    The dissertation intends to exemplify mechanisms of technological innovations that are focused on sustainable development and relevant to the contemporary challenges of the maritime transport market. First, we will talk about what is maritime transport as a mode of trade, especially international. We also intend to clarify what is sustainable and what could be a sustainable technological innovation or “blue tech”. Decarbonization is an option that is not only viable, but necessary. The problem arises when pointing out contemporary challenges, such as climate change and COVID 19, and what practical measures are being taken by the countries and proposals to overcome these challenges. Our context will be that of the European Union and the practical measures will be the laws and pacts formed in favor of sustainable development. The decarbonization pact being the big pivot of the moment. We understand, however, that decarbonization must be part of the implementation in the area of innovation: digitization and automatization. Whether on land and / or sea. A dissertação pretende exemplificar mecanismos de inovações tecnológicas que sejam voltados ao desenvolvimento sustentável e relevantes aos desafios contemporâneos do mercado de transporte marítimo. Primeiramente, falaremos sobre o que é transporte marítimo enquanto modal de comércio, sobretudo internacional. Pretendemos, ainda, esclarecer o que é sustentável e o que poderá ser uma inovação tecnológica sustentável ou azul. Sendo a descarbonização uma opção não somente viável, mas necessária. A problemática surge ao apontar desafios contemporâneos, tal qual mudanças climáticas e COVID 19, e quais as medidas práticas que estão sendo tomados pelos países e propostas para superar esses desafios. Nosso contexto será o de União Europeia e as medidas práticas serão as legislações e pactos formados em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável, sendo o pacto de descarbonização o grande pivô do momento. Entendemos, porém que a descarbonização deve existir no contexto da inovação: a digitalização e automatização. Seja em âmbito terrestre e/ou marítimo.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório da Unive...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório da Unive...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fernandes, José Alberto da Silva;

    O objeto de estudo desta investigação prende-se na análise da mobilidade da Força Aérea (FA) e sua sustentabilidade, por forma a melhorar o seu impacto ambiental. O objetivo é avaliar medidas comprovadas que beneficiem a mobilidade sustentável e avaliar o seu impacto na frota de veículos ligeiros de passageiros. Como referência para esta investigação, foram estudadas as metas estabelecidas por Portugal de redução de CO2, neste caso no setor dos transportes o valor de 26%. As medidas identificadas passam pela gestão da mobilidade, tecnologia (veículos elétricos, hidrogénio e gás natural) e eco-condução. Utilizando um raciocínio dedutivo e uma estratégia de investigação mista, suportada em entrevistas estruturadas a uma amostra intencional com análise de dados recolhidos junto da Direção de Abastecimento e Transportes, analisa-se a viabilidade das medidas e qual o seu impacto. Conclui-se que a FA já possui uma gestão centralizada que contribui para a mobilidade sustentável e que a eco-condução é viável e pertinente no caminho para a mobilidade sustentável. Relativamente à tecnologia, o estudo do impacto revela que a modernização da frota por veículos novos não se revela suficiente para obtenção dos objetivos, pelo que é essencial a introdução de veículos elétricos na frota de ligeiros de passageiros. The object of this research is the analysis of the Air Force mobility and its sustainability, to improve its environmental impact. The objective is to evaluate measures already studied that benefit sustainable mobility and to assess their impact on the fleet of light passenger vehicles. As a reference for this research, the goal of CO2 reduction established by Portugal in the transport sector (26%), initially identified in a literature, as well as sustainability measures. The measures identified include mobility management, technological changes (electric vehicles, hydrogen and natural gas) and eco-driving. Using a deductive reasoning and a mixed research strategy, supported by structured interviews with an intentional sample and analysis of data collected from the Directorate of Supply and Transport, the feasibility of applying the measures and what their impact is analyzed. It is concluded that the Air Force already has centralized management that contributes to sustainable mobility and that eco-driving is feasible and relevant on the road to sustainable mobility. About technology, the impact study shows that the modernization of the fleet by new vehicles is not enough to achieve the objectives and therefore the introduction of electric vehicles into the fleet of passenger cars is essential. N/A

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório Comumarrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório Comumarrow_drop_down
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The following results are related to Energy Research. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sousa, Tiago José da Cunha;

    The consumption of electrical energy has been increasing decade by decade since last century. This increase has been leading to a continuous energy resources shortage, as is the case of fossil fuels which, in an aggravating way, have the disadvantage of contributing to the greenhouse effect, causing damage to the planet. In an effort to alleviate fossil fuels dependency, electric vehicles (EVs) appear as one of the most promising agents towards a sustainable planet with lower levels of environmental pollution. Besides the electric mobility paradigm, the EV plays a decisive role as a power grid support mechanism, since it is possible for battery charging systems to allow bidirectional operation. Hence, it is expected for the EV to be part of the solution instead of the problem for the power grid point of view, i.e., avoiding its congestion due to simultaneous battery charging of several EVs. It should be referred that electrical power quality must be also taken into consideration regarding EVs. Regarding the power electronics converters that integrate an EV, conventionally based on a traction system to drive the electric machine and a battery charging system that is used for slow battery charging, an approach can be performed towards converter optimization, namely by unifying both systems. With such approach, it is possible to drive the EV electric machine and perform the interface with the power grid for battery charging operation using the same power converters, which not only reduces the weight and cost of the employed power electronics but also endows the EV with an on-board fast battery charging system. In this context, the present document has as main goal the proposal of an integrated system for traction and battery charging of EVs with the possibility of interfacing power grids of the alternating current (AC) type, namely single-phase and three-phase AC power grids, and with power grids of the direct current (DC) type, using the same equipment in all cases. Furthermore, all interface modes allow bidirectional operation, therefore not restraining the EV to the operation as a mere load to the power grid but also as a support mechanism, being able to behave as such in any of the aforementioned types of power grids. The system proposed in this dissertation is initially validated through computational simulations, being afterwards designed and assembled an experimental prototype which was then validated in a workbench. O consumo de energia elétrica tem aumentado de década para década desde o século passado. Este aumento tem levado a uma crescente escassez de recursos energéticos como os combustíveis fósseis que, de forma agravante, têm a desvantagem de contribuir para o efeito de estufa, causando problemas ao planeta. De forma a atenuar a dependência dos combustíveis fósseis, os veículos elétricos (VEs) surgem como uma das principais promessas visando um planeta sustentável e com menores níveis de poluição ambiental. Para além do paradigma da mobilidade elétrica, o VE representa um papel fulcral como mecanismo de suporte à rede elétrica, uma vez que é possível que os sistemas de carregamento de baterias permitam uma operação bidirecional. Desta forma, é expectável que o VE seja uma solução e não um problema para a rede elétrica, i.e., evitando o seu congestionamento devido ao carregamento simultâneo das baterias de vários VEs. De referir que a qualidade de energia elétrica (QEE) deve ser também tida em consideração no que concerne os VEs. Em termos de otimização dos conversores de eletrónica de potência integrantes de um VE, uma abordagem passa por unificar o sistema de tração da máquina elétrica e o sistema de carregamento de baterias, dotando o VE de um sistema de carregamento de baterias on-board rápido, para além de reduzir ao peso e custo da eletrónica utilizada. Como tal, é possível acionar a máquina elétrica do VE e fazer a interface com a rede elétrica para carregamento das baterias utilizando os mesmos conversores. Assim sendo, este documento tem como objetivo propor um sistema integrado para tração e carregamento de baterias de VEs com possibilidade de interface com redes de corrente alternada (CA), monofásicas e trifásicas, e com redes de corrente contínua (CC), utilizando o mesmo equipamento em todos os casos. Para além disso, em todos os modos de interface é contemplada operação bidirecional, pelo que o sistema proposto não se cinge à operação do VE como uma carga para a rede elétrica mas também como mecanismo de suporte, podendo fazê-lo para qualquer um dos tipos de rede elétrica mencionados. O sistema proposto nesta tese é inicialmente validado recorrendo a simulações computacionais, tendo sido elaborado um protótipo laboratorial e posteriormente validado em bancada. Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) pelo financiamento da minha bolsa de doutoramento com a referência SFRH/BD/134353/2017 e pelo projeto de investigação DAIPESEV com a referência PTDC/EEI-EEE/30382/2017. Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Eletrónica e de Computadores Eletrónica de Potência e Sistemas de Energia

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Künsch, Jeniffer Balarini Lemos;

    The dissertation intends to exemplify mechanisms of technological innovations that are focused on sustainable development and relevant to the contemporary challenges of the maritime transport market. First, we will talk about what is maritime transport as a mode of trade, especially international. We also intend to clarify what is sustainable and what could be a sustainable technological innovation or “blue tech”. Decarbonization is an option that is not only viable, but necessary. The problem arises when pointing out contemporary challenges, such as climate change and COVID 19, and what practical measures are being taken by the countries and proposals to overcome these challenges. Our context will be that of the European Union and the practical measures will be the laws and pacts formed in favor of sustainable development. The decarbonization pact being the big pivot of the moment. We understand, however, that decarbonization must be part of the implementation in the area of innovation: digitization and automatization. Whether on land and / or sea. A dissertação pretende exemplificar mecanismos de inovações tecnológicas que sejam voltados ao desenvolvimento sustentável e relevantes aos desafios contemporâneos do mercado de transporte marítimo. Primeiramente, falaremos sobre o que é transporte marítimo enquanto modal de comércio, sobretudo internacional. Pretendemos, ainda, esclarecer o que é sustentável e o que poderá ser uma inovação tecnológica sustentável ou azul. Sendo a descarbonização uma opção não somente viável, mas necessária. A problemática surge ao apontar desafios contemporâneos, tal qual mudanças climáticas e COVID 19, e quais as medidas práticas que estão sendo tomados pelos países e propostas para superar esses desafios. Nosso contexto será o de União Europeia e as medidas práticas serão as legislações e pactos formados em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável, sendo o pacto de descarbonização o grande pivô do momento. Entendemos, porém que a descarbonização deve existir no contexto da inovação: a digitalização e automatização. Seja em âmbito terrestre e/ou marítimo.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório da Unive...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Fernandes, José Alberto da Silva;

    O objeto de estudo desta investigação prende-se na análise da mobilidade da Força Aérea (FA) e sua sustentabilidade, por forma a melhorar o seu impacto ambiental. O objetivo é avaliar medidas comprovadas que beneficiem a mobilidade sustentável e avaliar o seu impacto na frota de veículos ligeiros de passageiros. Como referência para esta investigação, foram estudadas as metas estabelecidas por Portugal de redução de CO2, neste caso no setor dos transportes o valor de 26%. As medidas identificadas passam pela gestão da mobilidade, tecnologia (veículos elétricos, hidrogénio e gás natural) e eco-condução. Utilizando um raciocínio dedutivo e uma estratégia de investigação mista, suportada em entrevistas estruturadas a uma amostra intencional com análise de dados recolhidos junto da Direção de Abastecimento e Transportes, analisa-se a viabilidade das medidas e qual o seu impacto. Conclui-se que a FA já possui uma gestão centralizada que contribui para a mobilidade sustentável e que a eco-condução é viável e pertinente no caminho para a mobilidade sustentável. Relativamente à tecnologia, o estudo do impacto revela que a modernização da frota por veículos novos não se revela suficiente para obtenção dos objetivos, pelo que é essencial a introdução de veículos elétricos na frota de ligeiros de passageiros. The object of this research is the analysis of the Air Force mobility and its sustainability, to improve its environmental impact. The objective is to evaluate measures already studied that benefit sustainable mobility and to assess their impact on the fleet of light passenger vehicles. As a reference for this research, the goal of CO2 reduction established by Portugal in the transport sector (26%), initially identified in a literature, as well as sustainability measures. The measures identified include mobility management, technological changes (electric vehicles, hydrogen and natural gas) and eco-driving. Using a deductive reasoning and a mixed research strategy, supported by structured interviews with an intentional sample and analysis of data collected from the Directorate of Supply and Transport, the feasibility of applying the measures and what their impact is analyzed. It is concluded that the Air Force already has centralized management that contributes to sustainable mobility and that eco-driving is feasible and relevant on the road to sustainable mobility. About technology, the impact study shows that the modernization of the fleet by new vehicles is not enough to achieve the objectives and therefore the introduction of electric vehicles into the fleet of passenger cars is essential. N/A

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