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Herewith we present the extended 1Hz dataset of wind measurements from a Skipheia meteorological station on the island of Frøya on the western coast of Norway, Trondelag. The data binned in 10 min averages can be find at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2557500 The site represents an exposed coastal wind climate with open sea, land and mixed fetch from various directions. UTM-coordinates of the Met-mast: 8.34251 E and 63.66638 N. See the map for details (NorwegianMapping Authority): https://www.norgeskart.no/#!?project=norgeskart&layers=1003&zoom=3&lat=7035885.49&lon=539601.41&markerLat=7077031.483032227&markerLon=170902.83203125&panel=searchOptionsPanel&sok=Titranveien Presented data were gathered between years 2009-2016. Data&hardware summary: Years 2009-2016: Mast2 equipped with 6 pairs of 2D sonic anemometers at 10, 16, 25, 40, 70, 100 m above the ground, independent temperature measurements at the same heights and near the ground; pressure and relative humidity from local meteostation (Sula, 20 km away). Years 2014-2016: Mast4 equipped with 2 pairs of 2D sonic anemometers at 40 and 100 m above the ground. The distance between the masts is 79 m. Data is binned in years and months and stored in a ‘*.txt’ tab-separated values file. Data column order is described in SkipheiaMast2_header.txt and SkipheiaMast4_header.txt, where WSx is the wind speed (m/s), WDx is the wind direction (360 deg), ATx is the air temperature (deg C) and x designates the instrument number. The instruments are numbered starting from the ground. Example: For Mast2 (6 pairs of anemometers, ground temperature + 6 temperature sensors on the mast) that means that AT0 is the ground temperature. WS1 and WS2 are wind speed records at 10 m level. WS3 and WS4 are wind speed records at 16 m. For Mast4 (2 pairs of anemometers) that means that WS1 and WS2 are wind speed records at 40 m level. WS3 and WS4 are wind speed records at 100 m. Detailed site description with wind climate description can be found in attached analysis: Site analysys.pdf. Additional information and analysis can be found in listed below works, using data from Frøya site: Bardal, L. M., & Sætran, L. R. (2016, September). Spatial correlation of atmospheric wind at scales relevant for large scale wind turbines. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 753, No. 3, p. 032033). IOP Publishing, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/753/3/032033, https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/753/3/032033/pdf Bardal, L. M., & Sætran, L. R. (2016). Wind gust factors in a coastal wind climate. Energy Procedia, 94, 417-424, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.207 IEA Wind TCP Task 27 Compendium of IEA Wind TCP Task 27 Case Studies, Technical Report, Prepared by Ignacio Cruz Cruz, CIEMAT, Spain Trudy Forsyth, WAT, United States, October 2018; Chapter 1.8. https://community.ieawind.org/HigherLogic/System/DownloadDocumentFile.ashx?DocumentFileKey=8afc06ec-bb68-0be8-8481-6622e9e95ae7&forceDialog=0 Domagalski, P., Bardal, L. M., & Sætran, L. Vertical Wind Profiles in Non-neutral Conditions-Comparison of Models and Measurements from Froya. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, doi: 10.1115/1.4041816, http://offshoremechanics.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=2711333&resultClick=3 Møller, M., Domagalski, P., & Sætran, L. R. (2019, October). Characteristics of abnormal vertical wind profiles at a coastal site. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1356, No. 1, p. 012030). IOP Publishing. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1356/1/012030 Møller, M., Domagalski, P., and Sætran, L. R.: Comparing Abnormalities in Onshore and Offshore Vertical Wind Profiles, Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2019-40 , in review, 2019.

This study assessed the hand hygiene performance in French nursing homes using the consumption of alcohol-based hand rubs (AHRs) as a surrogate. Nursing homes from the 17 French regions were contacted to collect their AHR consumption and occupancy in 2018 and 2019. A total of 1290 nursing homes from 15 French regions participated in the survey. The estimated median number of hand hygiene actions per resident-day was 1.48 (interquartile range: 1.04-2.03) in 2018 and 1.60 (1.10-2.26) in 2019. A significantly higher AHR consumption was observed in public nursing homes with an infection control team or link nurse.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of increasing sulfate concentrations on chromium removal, to evaluate the effect of the presence of Cr(VI) on sulfate removal by Streptomyces sp. MC1 and to analyze the differential protein expression profile in the presence of this metal for the identification of proteins repressed or overexpressed. In the presence of Cr(VI) but in the absence of sulfate ions, bacterial growth was negligible, showing the Cr(VI) toxicity for this bacterium. However, the sulfate presence stimulated bacterium growth and Cr(VI) removal, regardless of its concentrations. Streptomyces sp. MC1 showed ability to remove chromium and sulfate simultaneously. Also, the sulfate presence favored the decrease of total chromium concentration from supernatants reaching a decrease of 50% at 48 h. In presence of chromium, seven proteins were down‐expressed and showed homology to proteins involved in protein biosynthesis, energy production and free radicals detoxification while two proteins involved in oxidation‐reduction processes identified as dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine synthase were overexpressed.

A method is presented for calculating the electromagnetic forces on the end windings of turbine generators for both the steady state and transient modes of operation. Part 1 of this paper deals with the basic concepts of the force calculation and gives several examples of steady state forces and how they vary with load and power factor. PartII deals with several types of transient operation. The currents and fields which these transients produce are discussed and forces are found for various cases such as short circuits, synchronizing out of phase and transmission line switching.

Since long ago, pelagic Sargassum mats have been known to be abundant in the Sargasso Sea, where they provide habitat to diverse organisms. However, over the last few years, massive amounts of pelagic Sargassum have reached the coast of several countries in the Caribbean and West Africa, causing economic and environmental problems. Aiming for lessening the impacts of the blooms, governments and private companies remove the seaweeds from the shore, but this process results expensive. The valorization of this abundant biomass can render Sargassum tides into an economic opportunity and concurrently solve their associated environmental problems. Despite the diverse fields where algae have found applications and the relevance of this recurrent situation, Sargassum biomass remains without large scale applications. Therefore, this review aims to present the potential uses of these algae, identifying the limitations that must be assessed to effectively valorize this bioresource. Due to the constraints identified for each of the presented applications, it is concluded that a biorefinery approach should be developed to effectively valorize this abundant biomass. However, there is an urgent need for investigations focusing on holopelagic Sargassum to be able to truly valorize this seaweed.

Interest in the highly efficient energy hub (EH) model has been growing despite the high computational requirements of planning for a multi-energy, multi-device operation. To address both the device size limitation and the multi-scenario issue, we propose a new solution methodology for solving the EH planning problem. In the method, the decision variables are device sizes. First, a dimension reduction technique is proposed to address the curse of dimensionality based on the correlation of unknown variables such as the capacities of different devices in an EH. Second, to avoid local convergence, a solution method called the variable-sized unimodal searching (VUS) approach is proposed to assure a global optimal planning scheme for the one-dimensional non-convex optimization model obtained from the preceding dimension reduction process. The case study indicates that the proposed approach has a higher computing efficiency than the Benders decomposition (BD) algorithm to deal with a scenario-based stochastic planning problem with a large number of scenarios. Thus, the effectiveness of the EH planning approach is verified.

Abstract This study sought to quantify and characterize cassava waste as fuel. The wastes from three cultivars were collected to study and were divided into three distinct parts of the cassava plant: seed stem, thick stalks, and thin stalks. Physical and chemical analyzes were carried out to determine the elemental composition of the waste: volatile matter; fixed carbon; ash; moisture; lignin; cellulose; hemicellulose; ash composition and higher heating value were determined. We conducted a thermogravimetric analysis in oxidizing and inert atmospheres to study the behavior of the waste as fuel. The root productivity obtained ranged from 7.7 to 13.0 t ha−1 yr−1 on a dry basis (db), and the ratio between waste and roots varied from 0.36 to 0.91. The physical and chemical properties of cassava waste are analogous to those of woody biomass regarding the elemental composition, the higher heating value, and thermogravimetric analysis. Ash content varied from 2.5% to 3.5%, reaching around 6.0% in samples unwashed. Approximately 60% of the ashes are alkali oxides, especially P2O5, K2O, and CaO, which have low melting points. The alkali index calculated suggests that there is a strong tendency that the combustion process leads to ash fouling and the formation of ash deposits.

Abstract Microorganisms used in syngas fermentation require nutrients to grow and convert syngas (CO, H2 and CO2) into various products. Many of the essential nutrients can be provided by biochar. Poultry litter biochar (PLBC) contains minerals and trace metals and has a high pH buffering capacity, making it suitable as a nutrient supplement. The effects of PLBC loadings from 1 to 20 g L−1 on syngas fermentation were determined in 250 ml bottle assays. Results showed that 10 and 20 g L−1 PLBC significantly increased ethanol production compared to standard yeast extract (YE) medium. Fermentations in a 3L continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with 10 g L−1 PLBC with and without 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid (MES) showed 64% and 36% more ethanol production, respectively, than standard medium. The acetic acid accumulated at the beginning of fermentation was completely converted to ethanol in all media tested in the CSTR. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using PLBC medium without costly MES in the CSTR to enhance ethanol production from syngas for potential use at commercial scale.

Ancillary services and other interconnected services are important especially in a competitive operation environment. Since these services are costs related, they should be allocated in order to send the correct price signal to market participants. An average sensitivity method is proposed for allocating services to simultaneous transactions. It can provide results close to power flow-based methods, while requiring as little computational time as traditional sensitivity-based approaches. Except for rare cases, it satisfies the requirement of allocation quantity, allocation ratio, and application feasibility. Test results indicate that the average sensitivity method is a successful allocation algorithm.