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Several baseline data of natural forest carbon stock is needed to support REDD+ (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Degradation+) implementation as a mitigation effort for climate change issue in Indonesia. According to IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines 2006, carbon stock calculation should be measurable, transparent, verifiable and consistent through time. At sub-national level, Java Island especially natural forest ecosystem is often overlooked by REDD+ scientists implying that the data and information on carbon stock of natural forest ecosystem in Java Island is still limited. The research has been conducted in sub montane primary forest in conservation area of Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) with the objective to estimate the 5 carbon pools at TNGHS. Twenty seven-plots of 20x20 meters were built in the field. Measurement of forest carbon pools was done for above ground, belowground (root), understorey and necromass at primary forest with high and low canopy density. The research showed that TNGHS has a quite high carbon stock potency as followings: aboveground 139.326 tonC/ha, belowground (root) 39.011 tonC/ha, understorey 1,971 tonC/ha and necromass 5.77 tonC/ha. Average of biomass and stand carbon stock in primary forest of TNGHS were 364.503 ton/ha dan 185.177 tonC/ha, respectively. This study recommends to use allometric equation developed by Chave et al. (2005) to estimate forest stand biomass potency at TNGHS.

The green open space is one of an effort in order to handling of the increasing the greenhouse gas emission, because green open space has an ability to absorbing the CO2 emission. The purpose of this research is to find out the potential of absorption capacity of CO2 by the public's green open space and to analyze the level of absorption of CO2 by green open space from transportation activity. The method in this research is calculate the value of CO2 emissions and counting the trees which has diameters more than 20 centimeter. The sufficiency of green open space was analyze and then compared the absorbing power of CO2 by trees with number of CO2 emissions that produced. Tampan district is produced the CO2 emissions from transportation which is high enough as much as 2.102.614.367 kilograms CO2/year. While the ability of CO2 absorption by the public's green open space in Tampan district only 7.979.245,86 kilograms CO2/year. The result of analysis show that the public's green open space in Tampan district that viewed from absorbing CO2 emissions of transportation is still not enough with percentage is only about 0,38%.

Background: Integrating sustainability development' aspects in the design process is becoming, a growth area in companies. Consequently, sustainable product design has to consider the different aspects of sustainability throughout its life cycle phases in addition of other requirements. This integration is becoming more complicated due the difficulty of managing the constraints and alternatives related to the product and stakeholders needs. This study aims to highlights the most used Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tools and methods used in sustainable product design process. Contribution: Product design process involves interesting decisional tasks such as the choice of materials, standard parts, technical solutions. Hence, the contribution of this work is to help designer to adopt relevant MCDM tools and methods that can be integrated to other tools to facilitate and to justify their decisional tasks. Method: Several methods have been affected to solve the problems related to this complexity such as MCDM. A literature review was conducted based on Siencedirect and GoogleScholar articles databases. After filtering more than 200 articles only 62 articles were considered to analyze the correlation between sustainable product design and MCDM. Results: Classified MCDM use according to the type of choices to achieve SPD goals. This paper allowed us to find matches between MCDM methods and SPD problem. The majority of case studies result show that a large portion of sustainable design methods, techniques, and tools are applied to the sustainable product' along its different life cycle phases Conclusion: It is noticed that the use of MCDM methods are an important outcome in the sustainable product design process and deeply helps designers to make suitable choices. Also, several matches relating MCDM, other methods and sustainable product design sphere are discussed

The research is conducted to know the organic carbon reserve and how much the fixation of CO2 by stand found in the forest of Tri Dharma University of North Sumatera. The observed parameter include the quantity of individual, stem diameter at breast height, the tree height and the type of stand. The estimation of carbon reserve on the surface firstly calculated thorough the quantity of biomass of stand. The biomass of the stand uses allometric equation. The forest of Tri Dharma University of North Sumatera covers the width 1,14 ha consist of Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), Teak (Tectona grandis), Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) can save carbon 225,45 tons of Carbon or can fixate CO2 as much as 827,38 tons of CO2 until to date 051202023

There is no denying the fact that developing countries, like India, would need energy to feed its development, while at the same time trying to keep in check its carbon emissions. If India intends to increase the living standard of its people, attain increased level of industrialisation and pursue the projects of national importance nuclear energy is an extremely reliable de-carbonised source of energy. The Indian Nuclear energy capacity, however, has not augmented even after the Indo-US nuclear deal. Also, the sluggish growth of the nuclear energy prior to the inking of the landmark Indo-US nuclear deal was attributed to the lack of adequate of financing, technological denial regimes, continued non-availability of uranium at low cost, the limitations of the Indian manufacturing industry and negative public perceptions about nuclear energy. This paper attempts to look into the two main challenges faced by Indian civil nuclear power programme. It attempts to compile various reasons as to why despite the nuclear energy being projected as one of the main energy sources since the inception of the Indian nuclear programme, the rise of nuclear energy has lacked progress. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4318564

Climate change is difficult phenomenon to be understood by ordinary community. Whereas perception and knowledge of climate change will influence mitigation and adaptation, which can decrease risks of climate change impact. The research aims to find out community's perception about climate change and adaptation efforts which have been done by communities of Sarawet Village at North Minahasa Regency. Perception and adaptation data were obtained through interview and focus group discussion. The result shows that 96.67 % of community has experienced the symptoms and impacts of climate change, which perceived as extreme season or the shift of rain and drought season. The most perceived climate change impacts are crop failure, less income from agriculture and drought. This perception indicates a lack of environmental and forestry information. The adaptation efforts that have been done by the community include change plant species that need lack water as well as fulfill needs of clean water from the central well and utilize springs from upstream. Based on SWOT analysis An appropriate strategy to encourage adaptation in Sarawet village is done through increasing the adaptive capacity of the community

The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the changing patterns of soil quality, water quality and Methane (CH4) due to cropping index improvement, (2) to analyze productivity and economic due to the increasing of rice cultivation intensity at technical irrigated rice field, (3) to arrange the optimum model of intensive rice cultivation at technical irrigated rice field by Integrated Crop Management (ICM) approach with low methane emission sustainably, and (4) to analyze sustainable index of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation with cropping index improvement at technical irrigated rice field and (5) to arrange the policy strategy in the implementation of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation at technical irrigated rice field by Integrated Crop Management (ICM) with low methane emission sustainably. This research used split plot design. The treatment of irrigation systems as the main split plot factor is intermittent irrigation and continuous system (flooded) and fertilization as sub plot factor which is fertilization treatment are applied, based on the Recommendation of the Minister of Agriculture No. 40/2007 and based on laboratory analysis recommendation with 8 levels of fertilization treatment with 3 replications. Data analysis for soil quality, water, methane emissions, production and rice productivity are done by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for the analysis of production, productivity and the methane emission are continued into Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. Further sustainability analysis of the RAPFISH modification is called Rapfarm (Rapid Appraisal for Farming) by using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method, to arrange the scenario is used dynamic model systems approach. The result of study showed that intensive rice cultivation by increasing of planting intensity did not reduce soil and water quality and methane emission can be pushed until 66,05%. Cultivation of intensive rice by increasing of planting season up to four planting seasons in a year by ICM approach can increase rice production and productivity up to 30% and also increase farmer’s income significantly. Optimum Model of intensive rice cultivation is by planting rice for four times a year with the planting pattern of rice-rice-rice-rice by using ICM system especially by using intermittent irrigation system and fertilization appropriate for plant nutrients (recommendation from result of laboratory analysis with the dosage 100% plus probiotic). The value of methane with optimum model application can be reduced significantly from 218.826.889,43 kg CH4 to 397.181,03 kg CH4 in 2030. The value of sustainable index of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation has range between 42,84-66,54 (included in the category of sufficiency) and the result of statistical test showed that RAP-INLASIT-IP 400 method is good enough to be used as one of the devices to evaluate the sustainability implementation optimum model of intensive rice cultivation on technical irrigated rice field. 098106004

Climate change vulnerability is the function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of its natural and socioeconomic systems. Following spatial “scale” of the assessment, administrative-territorial units were selected for this study. A field survey questionnaire was used to collect data for the study based on the sample size of 500 questionnaires that was administered to household heads in the study area. In the questionnaire, questions were designed to give respondents the opportunity to choose from several alternatives given in the instrument while descriptive statistics was for the analysis of data. Descriptive statistics analysis based on mean ranking was carried out to identify the level of peoples' vulnerability to climate change in the study area. The exposure assessment was based on the response analysis of baseline information. The sensitivity assessment for the study was analyzed by using physiographical and socioeconomic characteristics, described by a set of specific indicators and responses of the residents. The adaptive capacity was captured by general economic and agricultural indicators, taking into consideration the major occupation the predominant lifestyle of the residents. Through a ranking approach, the relative vulnerability of each ATU was calculated by summing its sensitivity and adaptive capacity ranks; the latter were obtained as combinations of their primary indicator ranks, arranged in an increasing and decreasing order, respectively. The major climate change exposure pathway in the study area were reduction in green environment, decrease in total annual rainfall, warmer weather, early cessation of rainfall, late on-set of rainfall and shrinkage of water bodies. The major sensitivity to climate change was decrease in crop yield, whereas increase in cost of food crops, drought incidents, famine, poverty, indiscriminate falling down of trees and disaster. It was also established that the major adaptive strategies to climate change in the study area were irrigation farming, use of organic manure, planting of drought tolerant varieties and early planting.

Sustainability is an issue that is increasingly attached to the planning and design of the built environment. One issue is the sustainability of the traffic jamming. Problems of traffic jamming has become a natural thing happening in developing cities in Indonesia. Traffic jamming problems gave many negative impacts both directly and indirectly. Paradigm major cities in the world about tackling the problems of traffic jamming through the application of concepts that promote integration between land use with transportation. One concept that is applied in major cities in the world are TOD. Transit Oriented Development or TOD is a concept in an area centralized on modes of transport where the area has a comfortable distance to walk and able to perform daily activities therein without the need to use personal vehicle (automobile). Binjai as TOD development sites, is one part of the metropolitan area Mebidangro, growing city. Locations case of this design lies in the area of 1 km radius of the Binjai train station. Binjai has a station route from Medan to Aceh who stopped in its tracks until Binjai. By reviving this route to Aceh potential to make Binjai as a transit region or midpoint for opportunities of business transactions between Aceh with Medan. With the selection of the hotel and retail building functions referred to as containers / resting place during transit, to meet business partners, and conduct business transactions. The building design using functionalism architecture themes with the objectives to be achieved in sustainability and TOD, the selection of this theme intends to translate the functions that will be implemented into the design follows the functional characteristic and is expected to express / explore the design basis more depth. 110406099

We substantiated design and construction-technological solutions for increasing the energy efficiency of thermomodernizable buildings and structures based on the conducted calculation-and-experimental and numerical studies. We investigated effective structural parameters and material of examined elements of a thermomodernization system of residential buildings and structures, which started their operation before the 90-ies of the last century. We proposed a number of innovative design and construction-technological solutions for the thermomodernization of residential buildings and structures that provide simultaneous modernization of a system of central water heating and facade insulation. Distribution of the temperature field inside a building structure, temperature on the surface of a facade thermal insulation at variation of its thickness by different forms of making of new indents, where new pipelines of a two-pipe system of a central water heating are located, were investigated. In particular, we established that such placement of pipelines makes it possible to reduce heat losses from these pipelines significantly (by up to 74 %) comparing with the placement in a layer of facade insulation at the side of a wall. We investigated the dependence of the cooling time of a heat-transfer agent temperature to 0 oC at the complete cessation of its flow through pipelines on the thickness of a thermal insulation. We determined experimentally the minimum thickness of a facade insulation layer, which is 50 mm, for the studied temperature mode and operating conditions, as well as for characteristics of the materials used, the geometry of pipelines and the facade insulation.We obtained the optimum thickness of a facade insulation layer, which is 100 mm. It provides up to a 100 % freeze protection of pipelines even when a heat-transfer agent movement stops for more than 24 hours. We established that an increase in the thickness of a facade heat insulation contributes to the additional drainage of a building structure, which leads to improvement of thermal characteristics of the thermomodernized building. The study showed that the developed innovative design and construction-technological solutions lead to a significant reduction in the energy consumption of existing buildings and structures of the housing stock, which has been in operation for longer than 30 years, and contribute to maintaining comfortable living conditions.