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Materials:Rice straw, pine sawdust and Phoenix Tree's leaf were selected as the main biomass of this study. Algorithms and methods:Coats-Redfern integral method,Doyle method,Distribution Activation Energy Model (DAEM): The database contains all the original data, intermediate data and final results used in the paper. Fig. 1 was schematic diagram of WRT-3P high temperature TGA and gas flow routes Fig. 2 was influence of particle size on biomass pyrolysis kinetics (a) TG curves of rice straw (b) DTG curves of rice traw (c) TG curves of pine sawdust (d) DTG curves of pine sawdust (e) TG curves of Phoenix Tree's leaf (f) DTG curves of Phoenix Tree's leaf Fig. 3 was influence of heating rate on different biomass (rice straw, pine sawdust and Phoenix Tree's leaf) pyrolysis kinetics (a) TG curves of rice straw (b) DTG curves of rice traw (c) TG curves of pine sawdust (d) DTG curves of pine sawdust (e) TG curves of Phoenix Tree's leaf (f) DTG curves of Phoenix Tree's leaf Fig. 4 was potassium concentration of initial and soaked rice straw Fig. 5 was influence of K+ on rice straw pyrolysis kinetics (a) TG curves (b) DTG curves Fig. 6 was the relationship between and 1/T of three kinds of biomass with a particle size of 0.150 - 0.180 mm at different heating rates. (a) 5℃/min (b) 10℃/min (c) 20℃/min (d) 40℃/min Fig. 7 was the apparent activation energy of biomass pyrolysis obtained by DAEM.

Abstract Yeast immobilization in beer fermentation has recently regained attention, due to the expansion of the craft beer market and the diversification of styles and flavors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological differences between immobilized and free yeast cells with a focus on flavor-active compounds formation. Three strains of Saccharomyces spp. (SY025, SY067, SY001) were evaluated in both free and immobilized (using a cellulose-based support, referred as ImoYeast) forms during static batch fermentations of 12 °P malt extract. Immobilized cells showed higher glycerol (SY025, 40%; SY067, 53%; SY001, 19%) and biomass (SY025, 67%; SY067, 78%; SY001, 56%) yields than free cells. Conversely, free cells presented higher ethanol yield (SY025, 9%; SY067, 9%; SY001, 13%). Flavor-active compounds production exhibited significant alterations between immobilized and free cells systems, for all strains tested. Finally, a central composite design with varying initial biomass (X0) and substrate (S0) concentrations was conducted using strain SY025, which can be helpful to modulate the formation of one or more flavor-active compounds. In conclusion, yeast immobilization in the evaluated support resulted in flavor alterations that can be exploited to produce different beer styles.

Abstract Aims To identify the promising oleaginous Aspergillus oryzae strain and leverage its lipid and biomass production through a mathematical model. Methods and results Comparative profiling of the cell growth and total fatty acid (TFA) content among 13 strains of A. oryzae was performed to explore the discrimination in their lipid productions. The oleaginicity of A. oryzae was found to be strain dependent, where the fungal strain BCC7051 exhibited superior performance in producing lipid-rich biomass by submerged fermentation. The TFA contents of the strain BCC7051 were comparable when cultivated at a range of pH values (pH 3.5–6.5) and temperatures (24–42°C). The mathematical model was generated, well describing and predicting the fungal growth and lipid phenotypic traits at various temperatures and carbon substrates. Conclusion The A. oryzae strain BCC7051 was a robust cell factory, acquiring economically feasible options for producing valuable lipid-based products.

Abstract Aims Incorporating biofertilizers, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AM) fungal inoculants, into vineyard management practices may enhance vine growth and reduce environmental impact. Here, we evaluate the effects of commercially available and local AM fungal inoculants on the growth, root colonization, and nutrient uptake of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) when planted in a field soil substrate. Methods and results In a greenhouse experiment, young wine grapes were planted in a field soil substrate and inoculated with one of three commercially available mycorrhizal inoculant products, or one of two locally collected whole soil inoculants. After 4 months of growth, inoculated vines showed no differences in plant biomass, colonization of roots by AM fungi, or foliar macronutrient concentrations compared to uninoculated field soil substrate. However, vines grown with local inoculants had greater shoot biomass than vines grown with mycorrhizal inoculant products. Conclusions Although effects from inoculations with AM fungi varied by inoculant type and source, inoculations may not improve young vine performance in field soils with a resident microbial community.

ABSTRACTIntraguild interactions among carnivores have long held the fascination of ecologists. Ranging from competition to facilitation and coexistence, these interactions and their complex interplay influence everything from species persistence to ecosystem functioning. Yet, the patterns and pathways of such interactions are far from understood in tropical forest systems, particularly across countries in the Global South. Here, we examined the determinants and consequences of competitive interactions between dholes Cuon alpinus and the two large felids (leopards Panthera pardus and tigers Panthera tigris) with which they most commonly co‐occur across Asia. Using a combination of traditional and novel data sources (N = 118), we integrate information from spatial, temporal, and dietary niche dimensions. These three species have faced catastrophic declines in their extent of co‐occurrence over the past century; most of their source populations are now confined to Protected Areas. Analysis of dyadic interactions between species pairs showed a clear social hierarchy. Tigers were dominant over dholes, although pack strength in dholes helped ameliorate some of these effects; leopards were subordinate to dholes. Population‐level spatio‐temporal interactions assessed at 25 locations across Asia did not show a clear pattern of overlap or avoidance between species pairs. Diet‐profile assessments indicated that wild ungulate biomass consumption by tigers was highest, while leopards consumed more primate and livestock prey as compared to their co‐predators. In terms of prey offtake (ratio of wild prey biomass consumed to biomass available), the three species together harvested 0.4–30.2% of available prey, with the highest offtake recorded from the location where the carnivores reach very high densities. When re‐examined in the context of prey availability and offtake, locations with low wild prey availability showed spatial avoidance and temporal overlap among the carnivore pairs, and locations with high wild prey availability showed spatial overlap and temporal segregation. Based on these observations, we make predictions for 40 Protected Areas in India where temporally synchronous estimates of predator and prey densities are available. We expect that low prey availability will lead to higher competition, and in extreme cases, to the complete exclusion of one or more species. In Protected Areas with high prey availability, we expect intraguild coexistence and conspecific competition among carnivores, with spill‐over to forest‐edge habitats and subsequent prey‐switching to livestock. We stress that dhole–leopard–tiger co‐occurrence across their range is facilitated through an intricate yet fragile balance between prey availability, and intraguild and conspecific competition. Data gaps and limitations notwithstanding, our study shows how insights from fundamental ecology can be of immense utility for applied aspects like large predator conservation and management of human–carnivore interactions. Our findings also highlight potential avenues for future research on tropical carnivores that can broaden current understanding of intraguild competition in forest systems of Asia and beyond.

This chapter provides an overview of the basic characteristics and methods of using wind energy, biomass, and geothermal sources to generate electricity. The potential for using wind energy was considered, as well as the existing capacities in Serbia. The complete wind generator system is technically described, from the mechanical conversion of wind energy, electromechanical conversion in electric generators to power conversion, and adaptation to the requirements of the electrical network. After a general description of biomass potential, atten tion is focused on types of bio-energy, which are suitable for use in systems for electricity generation (biogas, pellets). A description of the complete plant, operation characteristics, and the situations in the World and Serbia are given. For geothermal sources, a brief overview of the potential, history, globally installed capacitances, and methods for conversion into electricity is given. The possibilities of their usage for production of electrical energy in Serbia are discussed. У овом поглављу дат је преглед основних карактеристика и начина коришћења енергије ветра, биомасе и геотермалних извора за добијање електричне енергије. Размотрен је потенцијал за коришћење енергије ветра, као и постојећи капацитети у свету и Србији. Технички је описан комплетан систем ветрогенератора, од механичког претварања енергије ветра у ветротурбини, електромеханичке конверзије у електричним генераторима до електричног претварања и прилагођења захтевима електро мреже. После општег описа потенцијала биомасе, пажња је усмерена на био-енергенте, који су погодни за коришћење у системима за генерисање електричне енергије (биогас, пелет). Дат је опис комплетног погона био електране, карактеристике рада и стање инсталисаних капацитета у свету и Србији. За геотермалне изворе (геотермалну енергију) дат је кратак преглед потенцијала, историјата, инсталисаних капацитета у свету и метода претварања у електричну енергију. Размотрене су могућности њиховог коришћења за генерисање електричне енергије у Србији. Посебна издања ; књ. 707. Одељење техничких наука ; књ. 42

Responses of soil water content, soil inorganic nitrogen, aboveground and belowground biomass, soil respiration, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem production, and gross ecosystem production to precipitation variability from a 3-y manipulative experiment (2004-2016) and a 12-y model simulation (2000-2011).

These files have the raw data and GenStat analysis outputs for final biomass and percentages, allometric analyses, LAI data and analyses and RUE data and analyses