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Forage is one of the supporting factors in planning animal production. Climate condition is one factor which influence forage production. This research attempted to map the class suitability of climate for seven forage species in Bali province and to analysis the level of vulnerability toward climate changes by using Geography Information System (GIS). The results showed that four from seven species observed have class suitability with climate S1. Rain climate factor was the important factor which was influence the climate unsuitability of forage in Bali province. The effect of climate change, such as La Nina 1998 caused positive and negative impacts towards the distribution of class suitability of climate at that year. The incident of La Nina caused the reduction of area of class suitability of S1, S2, and N climate, meanwhile increase the area of class suitability of S3 climate. On the other hand, some location of climate suitability class also changed due to climate change.

Land use with agroforestry system has ecological, economic and social advantages, so that the sustainability of agroforestry should be maintained. This study aims to determine the state of sustainability and the key factors ffecting sustainability of agroforestry. The research conducted in Rancah District, Ciamis from April to December 2013. Data is analyzed using RAP-AFS ordinated Regency and prospective analysis. The results showed that some of ecological, economic and social problems potentially threatening the sustainability of agroforestry. Agroforestry in Rancah is less sustainable with sustainability index value of 25.01-50.00 i.e. ecological, economic, social and multidimensional indexes are 32.26, 42.26, 48.59 and 46.20, respectively. The key factors that must be considered for the sustainability of agroforestry are: extension role, the availability of agroforestry technology package, government role and farmer groups existence. Therefore, it is recommended national and regional goverments prioritize the management of the key factors in policy that development of sustainable agroforestry

The first use of microalgae by humans as food detected in the dates back 2000 years, but the development ofbiotechnology of microalgae just began in the middle of this century. Microalgae refer to biomass resourcecontain many useful components such as protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, etc. Products based microalgae arediverse from human food and nutrition, animal feed and nutrition up to fine chemicals such as triglycerideswhich is able to be converted to biodiesel. Microalgae is a promising biomass resources, (i) microalgae isrenewable resources which has high biodiversity properties, (ii) production cost of converting process frommicroalgae biomass into its derivatives relatively low, (iii) product derivatives of microalgae have a highdemand in market. Based on above, microalgae can be developed further to be applied as raw material for food,energy and pharmacy. This paper described microalgae in general and the developing technology used toproduce commercial microalgae based product.

Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency has abundant in fish resource including pelagic, demersal, and reef fish. This study was conducted to assess fish biomass variability and of fish community structure in coastal waters of Tangerang Regency which can be used as a basis in determining alternatives for sustainable fish resource management. This research was conducted in June and August 2013 in three locations i.e., Kronjo, Cituis, and Tanjung Pasir. Primary data collected were fish weight per species. Fish biomass from each locations was obtained using swept area method using trawl. The results showed that Kronjo region contained the highest total average biomass of fish. Temporally, total ave-rage biomass of fish in August was higher than in June for Kronjo and Cituis. Meanwhile, the con-trary occurred in Tanjung Pasir. This conditions occurred due to the high current and high wave in August than in June. In general, biomass of planktivorous was dominant during the study indicating overfishing lead to fishing down the food web in the Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency.

Analysis of biomass and carbon stock on mangrove forest ecosytem in coastal area of North Rupat Riau Province has been conducted in January 2016. The method used in this study is a survey method with purposive sampling technique. The study showed that the potential mangrove biomass was directly proportional to mangrove carbon stocks. The average yield of biomass, carbon stocks of soil organic carbon and CO2 sequestration on mangrove forest was reserves amounted to 68,64 tons/ha , 904,75 tons/ha and 251,39 tons/ha, while the average yield of total carbon stocks was 973,31 tons/ha.

Recently a comprehensive source of data and information on carbon storage in various types of forest ecosystems and other land use in Java Island are still limited. This study was carried out in a conservation area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) that represents the ecosystem types of lowland rain forest, sub-montane forests and mountain forests in Java. The information on carbon sequestration and carbon stocks at TNBTS becomes important. The main objective of this study was to estimate biomass and carbon storage in various types of forests in TNBTS using allometric approaches. The additional objectives were to estimate carbon storage on various land cover and to estimate the changes in carbon storage by land cover changes during the period 1990, 2000 and 2013. The measurement of forest carbon include aboveground, understorey, necromass and litter pools covering all ecosystem such as primary forest, secondary forest with high- and low- canopy density. This study found that the average of carbon stocks in primary forest were 193,49 ± 125,98 tonC/ha, and were 267,42 ± 119,25 tonC/ha in secondary forest. The total carbon stocks in the period 1990–2000 has decreased about 22.6 tonC/ha/year and in the period 2000–2013 has increased about 41.2 tonC/ha/year. The enhancement of carbon stocks in this area was driven by an intensive forest protection, good monitoring and land rehabilitation.

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2),methane (CH4),nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC),perfluorocarbons (PFC)and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in the atmosphere already have environmental impacts caused by rising air temperature at the earth. Forests can absorb greenhouse gases by way of transforming CO2 from the air to deposit the carbon stored in trees. This research use Eucalyptus IND 61 as material research which is this clon is derivative or hybrid clon from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla. The objective of this research are (1) estimating potency of biomass and carbon mass from Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years; (2) analyzing the differences in carbon content of stems, twigs and leaves from Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years; (3) getting the allometric model to estimating carbon stocks potential of Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years. The research was carried out in two stages, namely the first stage were to data in the field and the second stage was analyze of carbon biomass and plant in the laboratory. Parameters measured in the field was wet weight, whereas in the laboratory is measured moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content and carbon content. The results of the case study on Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years stands, showed that there is a differences in carbon content of stems, twigs and leaves. The highest carbon mass is in the main stem of the tree, and the lowest is in the twigs. The best model allometric equations for estimating biomass and carbon mass of Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years was W=47.238-68.109D+2.675D2 and C=25.712-37.647D+1.474D2 (W=biomass; C=carbon mass; D=diameter), resulting in biomass and carbon mass of Eucalyptus IND 61 age 5 years 100.21 ton/ha and 47.08 ton/ha respectively. 121201152

The research was conducted in January-Februari 2015 in coastal waters of Jago-Jago, North Sumatera.The aims ofthis study were to determine the nutrient content of sediment in seagrass ecosystem and to determine the ratio of C:N:P in the sediments by different sediment characteristics and determine the relationship of nutrient with density and biomass of seagrass. The parameters measured were included physical and chemical parameters of marine waters. The density was computed using a quadratic transect, while seagrass biomass was calculated by measuring dry weight of shoot. The value ratio of C:N:P in the sediment was obtained through the determination of carbon (C) in total by the method of Walkley & Black, total of nitrogen by Kjehdahl method and phosphorus total with Double Acid method. The results showed the average carbon content was 1.32117 to 2.47813%, the average nitrogen content was 0.63114 to 1.5468% and the average phosphorus was from 0.00002 to 0.0004%. The density of seagrass in the village of Jago-Jago was between 29 to 56.3 shoots/m2 and biomass of seagrass was between 651.26 to 1261.34 g/m2. Station III had a ratio of C:N:P =12011:14062:1 and provided good leverage, this can be indicated also by the total biomass and density of seagrass at this station was the highest. The C-organic, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the sediment with density and biomass of seagrass had a weak relationship, there are other factors that might affect the density and biomass of seagrass in which were not measured in this study.

. Penggunaan citra penginderaan jauh dalam menghadapi dampak Perubahan iklim saat ini, memerlukan data geospasialdalam identifikasi dampak dan sumber sumber yang berpengaruh terhadap Perubahan iklim. Dampak Perubahan iklim yangberdampak pada lahan dan lingkungan dapat dikaji dari penginderaan jauh, adalah suhu udara, curah hujan, kenaikan air laut(batimetri) dan proses kebakaran lahan. Dampak Perubahan iklim terhadap sumberdaya lahan dapat dikaji dengan penginderaanjauh seperti berkurangnya areal hutan, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, Perubahan ekologi dan kondisi hutan dan keanekaragamanhayati. Perubahan lahan, akibat kekeringan kebanjiran atau Perubahan luapan. Penginderaan jauh dapat mengkaji kenaikan suhu,dan estimasi emisi gas rumah kaca selain Perubahan pola curah hujan, dan kejadian iklim ekstrim. Intrusi air laut yang berkaitandengan Perubahan garis pantai dapat dirunut dari penginderaan jauh. Data spasial dari penginderaan jauh juga menjadi dasarpenggunaan tanaman rendah emisi, cara mengelola air untuk mengurangi terjadinya oksidasi bahan organik. Peran penginderaanjauh untuk mitigasi Perubahan iklim dapat diperhatikan dalam hal pengamatan sumberdaya lahan dan hidrologi, lahan gambut,biomasa sebagai sumber cadangan karbon, monitoring Perubahan pengunaan lahan, indikator penting terjadinya Perubahankondisi hidrologi. Makalah ini membahas peranan teknik penginderaan jauh dalam menyikapi dampak Perubahan iklim terhadapsumber daya tanah dan air di Indonesia dengan contoh-contoh aplikasi yang telah dilakukan. . The use of remote sensing image in the face of climate change impacts at this time, require the identification of theimpact of geospatial data and resources that affect climate change. Impact of climate change on land and environmental impactcan be seen from remote sensing, is the air temperature, precipitation, sea level rise (bathymetry) and the process of land fires.The impact of climate change can be observed by remote sensing through the reduction of forest area, forest and land fires,changes in forest conditions and the ecology and biodiversity changes in land, flood or drought due to changes in the floodingbehaviour. Remote sensing can assess the increase in temperature, and estimation of greenhouse gas emissions in addition tochanges in rainfall patterns, and extreme climate events. Seawater intrusion associated with changes in the shoreline can betraced from remote sensing. Spatial data from remote sensing is also the basis for the use of low-emission plants, how to managethe water to reduce the oxidation of organic matter. The role of remote sensing for the mitigation of climate change can beaddressed in terms of land resources and hydrological observations, peat, biomass as a source of carbon stocks, monitoringchanges in land use, an important indicator of changes in hydrological conditions. This paper discusses the role of remote sensingtechniques in addressing the impacts of climate change on land and water resources in Indonesia with examples of applicationsthat have been done.

The availability of biomass as a source of primary energy in Indonesia is very abundant, reaching 280 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) and approximately 84% of the biomass has been used for the household sector. The application of gasification stove especially in cooking purposes can increase the efficiency of fuel USAge. This research used UB-03-1 semi-gasification with various of biomass, such as acacia of branches, palm frond, tropical wood and coconut shell. The moisture content measurement of biomass fuels was determined using oven-dry method. The efficiency of the biomass fuels in UB-03-1 stove between 13,18 – 45,91%. Tropical wood had the highest energy efficiency of 45,91% and coconut shell had the lowhest energy efficiency of 13,18%. UB-03-1 stove works in the range of 3,5 to 11,5 kWth of fire power. The research obtained indicate that a variety of biomass fuels in Riau can perform well in UB-03-1 stove, such as acacia branches having 4,2 kWth fire power, palm frond having 4,86 kWth fire power, tropical wood having 11,5 kWth fire power and coconut shell having 3,5 kWth fire power, thus the need for adoption to combat crisis energy household sector problem