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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1982 FrancePublisher:ISTPM Heral, Maurice; Razet, Daniel; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Berthome, Jean-paul; Garnier, J.;Les grandes caractéristiques hydrobiologiques du bassin de Marennes-Oléron sont définies par quatre campagnes saisonnières de 120 prélèvements chacune effectuée-, en 15 stations en demi-cycle de marée. Les salinités y fluctuent de 10 '/rr. et ce secteur peut donc être assimilé à un vaste estuaire contrôlé principalement par les apports fluviaux de la Charente. La turbidité reste élevée souvent supérieure à 100 mg.I"', les teneurs en oxygène dissous montrent un déficit en amont de la Charente et de la Seudre de 4 mg.L1 tandis que les sels nutritifs sont apportés par la Charente pour les nitrates, phosphates et silicates. Ces derniers suivent les courbes de dilution théorique excepté lors des poussées phytoplanctoniques et lors des crues hivernales. Lors de ces crues, les nitrates semblent soit apportés par la Gironde, soit dus à une minéralisation organique. Au même moment, les phosphates pourraient être absorbés sur les particules et être piégés dans les sédiments. Les biomasses phytoplanctoniques exprimées par les teneurs en chlorophylle a sont supésieures à 30 f^-g.1 ' en amont des estuaires au printemps avec des teneurs en phéopigmenls pouvants dépasser 200 IUJ.1 . par contre, dans le bassin, les teneurs ne dépassent guère 10 fig.l ''. Les concentrations en ATP montrent que peu de phytoplancton est physiologiquement actif en particulier dans les estuaires, tandis que les dosages de protéines permettent de quantifier la part des apports allochtone - par rapport à la production autochtone des estuaires. Line analyse factorielle des correspondances définit le schéma général hydrobiologique du bassin estuarien en précisant que 'e rôle de la Charente ne se limite pas à l'apport en sels minéraux azotés et phosphatés, mais aussi à l'apport d'une biomasse phytoplanctonique d'eau douce en voie de dégénérescence. Les auteurs proposent qu'une nouvelle stratégie d'échantillonnage, mieux adaptée aux objectifs recherchés, soit suivie ultérieurement en assurant des prélèvements en cycle de marée mais avec une périodicité la plus élevée possible. Four seasonal compaigns providing a sampling of 15 stations each followed during half a tide cycle, i.e. 120 water samples permit the definition of the main hydrobiological features of Marennes-Oleron Bay: salinity and turbidity, phytoplanktonic biomasses, ATP concentrations. The authors suggest that a new way of adapted sampling to their objectives, will work out in the future by sampling during tidal cycles but as frequently as possible.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1982Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 59visibility views 59 download downloads 28 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1982Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2002 FranceAuthors: Gerard, Denis;Le stock de moules en place en avril 2002 sur les bouchots de la baie du Mont Saint-Michel a été estimé, en volume, en poids et en nombre. Pour ce faire, un plan d'échantillonnage a été conçu, mis en oeuvre, puis optimisé, en prenant en compte la disposition spatiale du stock et les contraintes matérielles et humaines (en particulier le nombre de personnes et le nombre de jours de travail disponible). Ce plan utilise les procédés de stratification, échantillonnage par degrés, estimation par régression, afin d'obtenir la meilleure précision possible compte tenu du coût dédié à l'opération. L'opération n'aurait pu être menée sans le concours actif des professionnels du secteur : elle a mobilisé un bateau et 5 personnes, une première journée, pour l'estimation du taux d'ensemensement (nombre et localisation des pieux garnis de moules). 14 équipes de 2 personnes ont ensuite arpenté l'ensemble du secteur, les 2 jours suivants, pour mesurer les hauteurs, circonférences, épaisseurs de moules in situ, et prélever 1 litre de moules par pieu sélectionné, (pour pesée et dénombrement). L'estimation est de 3.4 milliards de moules à un poids moyen de 3.2 g, soit un poids total de 11000 tonnes (à 6% près selon les calculs de précision). Le rapport entre ce stock instantané et la production commerciale estimée à 10 000 tonnes les mois suivants (entre juin et décembre) devra être précisé. The quantity of mussels cultivated on wooden poles called « bouchots », in Mont Saint-Michel bay, has been estimated in april 2002, by volume, number and weight. To do so, a sampling strategy has been conceived, operated and then optimized, taking into account the spatial distribution of this stock and the material and human constraints (especially the amount of persons and working days available). The sampling plan uses procedures of stratification, degrees, regression, so as to reach the optimum precision related to cost. The operation took a great advantage of the efficient help of mussel farmers. During the first day, the task consisted to estimate the number and position of poles occupied by mussels, with the help of 5 persons on boat. The following 2 days, 14 persons walked through the entire area, to estimate mussels volumes in situ and sample one liter on selected poles, for number and weight subsequent estimations. As a whole, around 3.4 billions of mussels, with a mean weight of 3.2 grams, were estimated at that time, weighing more than 11 000 tons. The relation between this instant stock and the next commercial production remains to be precised.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2002Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 14visibility views 14 download downloads 5 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2002Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1993 FrancePublisher:Gauthier-Villars Authors: Blanchard, Michel; Gros, Philippe;Three main intertidal macrofauna communities are identified in Saint-Brieuc Bay: a Macoma balthica community, a Tellina tenuis community; and a third community with Cerastroderma and Tellina tenuis. Physiological parameters such as filtration, respiration and excretion are examined, for the filter-feeding molluscs with the highest biomass (the cockle Cerastoderma edule, the tellinid Tellina tenuis, and the blue mussel Mytilus edulis), either through laboratory experiments, or through previous literature. These results are used together to build up an annual energy budget for the complete soft bottom community, and to observe trophic relations. Results show that the mussel population has a negative influence on the cockle beds that lie just above.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1993Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 21visibility views 21 download downloads 7 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1993Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2009 FrancePublisher:Ecole Centrale de Nantes Authors: Saulnier, Jean Baptiste;This work focuses on the refinement of sea-states spectral characterisation in the frame of the development of wave energy converters (WECs). Until now, this characterisation has been limited to the consideration of basic global parameters such as the significant wave height and mean wave period. The present work namely underlines - thanks to simplified numerical models - that such a description is not sufficient to account for the performance of WECs, for they still exhibit a large variability in terms of mean production while wave energy and period are fixed. It is therefore needed to refine this description by introducing new wave characteristics, such as the wave groupiness, which is itself related to the sea-state's spectral bandwidth. The classical - spectral - approaches, allowing a statistical analysis of wave groups along with other works in the literature, permit to draw a set of relevant spectral parameters. The sensitivity of simplified offshore WEC models (linear in the frequency domain) to these parameters is then observed. The question of deterministic mean power estimation - namely in the case of non-linear models - is also raised, for it is also related somehow to the bandwidth of the wave field. A sea-state is actually made of a superimposition of various wave systems (as swells and wind-sea). It is then possible to refine even more its description, namely through the multi-system approach. The latter enables indeed to track in time and space the wave systems independently of each other. An algorithm for the automatic spatiotemporal analysis is proposed and illustrated to this end. Lastly, the influence of such description refinements (wave groupiness and multi-system approach) is observed at several locations (Portugal, North Sea, California) by considering various WEC models (linear axi-symmetric heaving devices, 3D SEAREV with non-linear hydrodynamics): in all cases, it is shown that both extended descriptions allow for a better characterisation of the mean WEC performance at both short and long term. Ces travaux portent sur la caractérisation spectrale des états de mer dans le cadre du développement de systèmes récupérateurs de l'énergie des vagues (SREVs). Jusqu'alors, cette caractérisation s'est limitée à des paramètres globaux basiques tels que la hauteur significative et la période moyenne des vagues. Les présents travaux soulignent notamment, à l'aide de modèles simplifiés, que cette description est insuffisante car un SREV montre encore une grande variabilité en termes de production moyenne, ces deux paramètres étant fixés par ailleurs. On s'intéresse donc à raffiner cette description en considérant des caractéristiques de vagues nouvelles, comme le groupement de vagues, lui-même lié à la largeur de bande de l'état de mer. Les approches classiques - spectrales - sur l'étude descriptive des groupes de vagues et la littérature permettent de dégager un certain nombre de paramètres spectraux. On observe ensuite la sensibilité de modèles de SREVs offshore simplifiés (modèles fréquentiels linéaires) à ces paramètres de largeur globale. La question de l'estimation déterministe de performance moyenne (dans le cas de convertisseurs non-linéaires) est également abordée, étant elle-même liée à cette caractéristique. Un état de mer étant constitué de plusieurs systèmes de vagues (houles, mer de vent), il est encore possible de raffiner sa description grâce à une approche multisystème. Celle-ci permet en outre de suivre ces systèmes indépendamment dans le temps et l'espace. Un algorithme d'analyse spatio-temporelle est proposé et illustré à cet égard. Enfin, l'influence de ces raffinements est observée en différents sites (Portugal, Mer du Nord, Californie) sur des cas de SREVs divers (systèmes axi-symétriques linéaires, SEAREV 3D d'hydrodynamique non-linéaire), et montre que dans tous les cas, le raffinement apporté permet de mieux caractériser la production à court et long terme de ces dispositifs.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2009Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 24visibility views 24 download downloads 15 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2009Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1991 FrancePublisher:Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1991 Authors: Deslous, P; Wolowicz, M; Boromthanarat, S;Physiological processes of two populations of Mytilus edulis from the Atlantic coast (Marennes-Oleron, France) and from the Baltic coast (Gdansk, Poland) are compared. These parameters are discussed according to the physiological state of the populations (gametogenesis, spawning) and to the environmental abiotic (temperature, salinity) and biotic measurements (seston, chlorophyll). Two periods induce the use of energetic reserves from the flesh. The first one is due to the reproduction period (between February and May in the Bay of Marennes-Oleron and during June-July in the Bay of Gdansk), the second one to the bad winter trophic conditions. The physiological answers of these two populations during the two periods shows that different strategies take place. The mussels from Marennes-Oleron have a metabolism which is essentially based on carbohydrates, on the contrary, the mussels from the Bay of Gdansk develop a lipidic metabolism.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1991Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 8visibility views 8 download downloads 8 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1991Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1984 FrancePublisher:Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1984 Funded by:NSERCNSERCAuthors: Maestrini, S; Rochet, M; Legendre, L; Demers, S;Nutrient analyses were done in melted ice, frazil and sea water of the upper part of the water column, where as major constitutive elements of micro-algae were analysed. Measurements of nutrient uptake were carried out with frazil algae incubated at -1.5 degree C in a field incubator. Differential-enrichment bioassays and mean N/P ratio (5.9) demonstrated that actual growth of the cultures was nutrient-limited. Nitrogen governed the algal yield when illumination and grazing allowed the microalgae to grow. It concluded that the epontic dynamics is not only controlled from above, by the seasonal (climatic) changes in light intensity as generally assumed, but also from below, by the short-term (hydrodynamic) events of vertical mixing that replenish the ice-water interface in nutrients.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1984Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 3visibility views 3 download downloads 1 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1984Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2010 FrancePublisher:AgroParisTech, ABIES Authors: Lacroix, Denis;L'aquaculture est l'une des composantes principales de l'apport en protéines dans le monde, surtout en Asie. Elle croît, alors que la pêche, qu'elle a dépassée en tonnage comme en valeur, décline. Selon les écosystèmes et les méthodes employées, elle peut contribuer à valoriser, mais aussi à dégrader les milieux aquatiques. Dans la zone côtière, espace riche et productif au plan biologique mais convoité, l'aquaculture conserve un potentiel de développement si sa mise en œuvre intègre les principes de la durabilité. Celle-ci peut être éclairée par la prospective avec des méthodes d'analyse adaptées à chaque projet. L'analyse de l'expérience de 33 ans en aquaculture de D. Lacroix est faite en trois temps. D'abord, il s'agit de vérifier la qualité de ses travaux de recherche scientifique menés dans des contextes et avec des responsabilités variés en suivant la grille d'analyse de référence d'un doctorat. Ensuite, l'analyse consiste à prendre un recul critique sur les bilans de réalisations majeures (Antilles, Guyane…) en mobilisant l'approche de M. Callon dont la théorie de la traduction permet de construire le réseau des acteurs et de le projeter dans la problématique. Cette grille d'analyse est complétée par l'étude des aspects de temporalité, légitimité et d'acceptabilité pour chaque réalisation. Ce travail sur diverses situations d'intervention permet de préparer une réflexion sur la proposition méthodologique qui suit et son adaptation à des conditions variables. Enfin, les connaissances acquises sont synthétisées afin de construire une méthode de prospective qui permettrait de gagner en temps, en efficacité et en moyens sur des projets à venir. Pour cela, l'analyse s'appuie sur la vision de R. Passet, qui structure les éléments de tout projet dans la hiérarchie des composantes de la durabilité. Le système dynamique qui en résulte peut être alors croisé avec divers scénarios afin d'en simuler les conséquences et donc d‟éclairer les choix. Cette méthode, dite Aster, est testée sur le cas « modèle » et bien documenté de l'élevage de la crevette Macrobrachium rosenbergii en Guyane française. Elle permet d'aboutir à des recommandations précises et argumentées en matière de recherche comme de développement pour tout décideur impliqué. Aquaculture is one of the main supply of protein in feed for mankind, notably in Asia. It increases and had exceeded the level of production of world fisheries, which is decreasing. According to sites and rearing methods, aquaculture contributes to add value but also in some cases to impact negatively the aquatic ecosystems. In the coastal area, a rich and productive zone, but also a place of conflicts, this activity presents a high potential for development if it takes into account the rules of sustainability. The conditions of this sustainability may be cleared with appropriate methods of foresight analysis applied for each development project. The analysis of the professional experience of D. Lacroix for 33 years in aquaculture is structured in three steps. Firstly, the work is to check the scientific value of the research conducted under his responsibility in various contexts and for different responsibilities. This study refers to the requirements of a PhD. In the second part of the work, the results of few major projects (French West Indies, French Guyana….) are analysed with the support of the theory of translation (Callon et al) which allows to build a network of actors and to project it into the context. This way of study includes a special attention to the aspects of time planning, legitimacy and acceptability. Finally, the author examines how this knowledge gained from experience could help building a method for foresight analysis aiming at a shorter planning, a better timing and less means for future projects. To achieve this goal the author integrates the vision of the economist R. Passet which structures any project in an ecosystemic framework, including criteria of sustainability. The mix of these two approaches (Callon & Passet) entails in a new tool for foresight analysis, called Aster, which originality is to offer the possibility to test various scenarios and related consequences to help decision -makers. This new method of foresight analysis, is then tested on the well known case study of the development of prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in French Guyana. The test shows to be successful as it delivers precise and arguable recommendations about research and development for all stakeholders.
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visibility 5visibility views 5 download downloads 5 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2010Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2009 FrancePublisher:Université Pierre et Marie Curie Funded by:EC | MEECEEC| MEECEAuthors: Travers, Morgane;La surexploitation et le changement climatique affectent le fonctionnement des écosystèmes marins, mais des incertitudes existent quant aux effets de leur action combinée. Par une approche de modélisation, ce travail de thèse vise à étudier comment les effets top-down de la pêche et les effets bottom-up du climat se combinent au sein du réseau trophique. Une synthèse bibliographique préliminaire a révélé l'absence d'un modèle end-to-end applicable en l'état à notre écosystème d'étude - le sud-Benguela - qui permettrait l'étude des effets conjoints de la pêche et du climat. Le couplage des modèles de plancton ROMS-N2P2Z2D2 et de poissons OSMOSE s'est alors imposé comme une méthode innovante permettant de développer un outil approprié à nos objectifs. L'importance d'un couplage à double sens via la prédation est illustrée par l'étude des variabilités spatiale et temporelle du terme de rétroaction, puis par la comparaison des dynamiques planctoniques et écosystémiques lorsqu'il y a rétroaction ou non. La simulation de scénarios climatique et halieutique montre que les effets combinés de la pêche et du climat sont généralement plus faibles que la somme de leurs effets individuels. Ce résultat reflète la forte résistance du système aux perturbations extérieures, induite par les relations trophiques nombreuses et variables entre les organismes. En accord avec les hypothèses de fonctionnement trophique basées sur l'intensité de la production primaire et la diversité des prédateurs, l'étude de la pyramide trophique montre que le contrôle bottom-up domine dans le sud-Benguela, i.e. que le climat affecte le fonctionnement trophique de cet écosystème plus fortement que de la pêche. Overfishing and climate change are now recognized to have important effects on marine ecosystem functioning but uncertainties remains about their combined effects. Using a modelling approach this thesis aims at assessing how the top-down effects of fishing and the bottom-up effects of climate combine themselves within the food web. A preliminary review highlighted the lack of end-to-end model applicable as it stands to our study case - the southern Benguela - and suitable to study the combined effects of fishing and climate. Coupling the plankton model ROMS-N2P2Z2D2 and the fish model OSMOSE appeared as an innovative method allowing to develop an appropriate tool meeting our objectives. The importance of two-way coupling via the predation process is first illustrated by the study of spatial and temporal variabilities of the feedback term, and then by the comparison of plankton and ecosystem dynamics when there is feedback or not. Simulating climate and fishing scenarios show that the combined effects of these factors are generally smaller than the sum of their individual effects. This result reflects the strong resilience of the ecosystem to external perturbations, induced by the numerous and weak trophic interactions between organisms. In agreement with hypotheses of trophic functioning based on the intensity of primary production and predators diversity, the study of the trophic pyramid show that bottom-up control dominates in the southern Benguela, i.e. that climate has stronger effects on the trophic functioning of this ecosystem than fishing.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1993 FrancePublisher:Gauthier-Villars Authors: Bachelet, G; Dauvin, Jc;The species composition and spatial distribution of macrofaunal assemblages in intertidal sands of Arcachon Bay, on the southwestern Atlantic coast of France, were investigated through a quantitative sampling of twenty stations representative of the various sandy habitats found in the bay, excluding the exposed beaches. Sampling was done on a single occasion, during the winter of 1988. A total of 150 macrobenthic species (> 1 mm) were collected. The abundance of macrofauna ranged from 89 to 52000 ind.m-2 (with a high dominance of the gastropod Hydrobia ulvae in some sites) and the biomass ranged from 1.3 to 42.5 g.m-2 dry weight. Thirteen additional species (belonging to temporary meiofauna and small macrofauna) were also sampled in the sieving fraction comprised between 1 mm and 100 mum. In this size fraction, the highest densities were those of H. ulvae juveniles in the inner bay and the small polychaete Parapionosyllis gestans in the outer bay. Mean abundance of total fauna > 100 mum (excluding permanent meiofauna) was about 35000 ind.m-2 in both sheltered and semi-exposed stations. A correspondence analysis of the distribution of species among stations followed by an automatic hierarchical classification identified six benthic assemblages, which were also characterized in terms of species dominance, constancy and fidelity. Two assemblages, corresponding to the boreal Macoma community, were distinguished in the sands at mid-tide level in the inner part of the bay: station-group A was characterized by Neomysis integer and Streblospio shrubsolii, together with a low number of species occurring in low-salinity estuarine waters; station-group B, with Cerastoderma edule, Arenicola marina, and Nereis diversicolor as characteristic species, was a sandy facies of the Macoma community dominated by C. edule. Three other assemblages, each with a high species richness, included several species of the boreal Lusitanian Tellina community: station-group C: a Eunice vittata-Tubificoides benedeni assemblage at lower tidal levels in the central part of the bay; station-group D: a Ruditapes decussatus-Goniada emerita assemblage at mid-tidal levels of the outer bay; station-group E: an Echinocardium cordatum-Magelona mirabilis-Aonides oxycephala assemblage at lower tidal levels of the outer bay. A sixth assemblage (station-group F) was an Ophelia bicornis-Bathyporeia sarsi assemblage in fine dune sands of the outer bay. A discriminant analysis including five environmental variables (tidal level, salinity, sediment median, fine particles and organic contents) revealed the first two variables to be the most important factors in the ordination of stations. With these five variables, only 65 % of the stations were correctly classified in the station-groups identified by correspondence analysis. Among the other possible factors governing the distribution of benthic assemblages, the importance of both exposure and circulation of water masses is stressed. Sheltered stations had a mean biomass of 22.8 g.m-2 dry weight and a mean species richness of 17.7 species; in semi-exposed stations, these values were 11.5 g.m-2 dry weight and 36.1 species.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1993Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 97visibility views 97 download downloads 42 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1993Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2006 FrancePublisher:Agrocampus Rennes Authors: Brunel, Thomas;Le recrutement - nombre de jeunes individus issus de la reproduction qui contribuent annuellement au renouvellement des stocks de poissons exploités - est un facteur clé de la dynamique de ces stocks. La forte variabilité du recrutement de la plupart des populations est liée en grande partie à l'influence des facteurs de l'environnement sur la survie lors des premiers stades de développement. La compréhension du déterminisme de cette variabilité est primordiale pour une gestion efficace des stocks. Cette thèse avait pour objectif de généraliser un certain nombre de points concernant l'influence de l'environnement sur le recrutement, par l'utilisation d'une approche macroécologique portant sur l'ensemble des populations exploitées de l'Atlantique Nord-Est. Le premier chapitre de la thèse répertorie les différentes sources de données de recrutement disponibles, évalue leur cohérence et leur fiabilité. Les estimations du recrutement issues des modèles d'analyse de cohortes, concernant plus de 60 populations de 18 espèces, sont finalement retenues pour l'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. Le second chapitre présente les concepts et les méthodes d'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. La synthèse des grandes hypothèses du déterminisme du recrutement permet de préciser les influences respectives des facteurs environnementaux et des autres facteurs sur la variabilité du recrutement. Les relations stock/recrutement sont ensuite présentées, en partant du cas concret des populations considérées dans cette étude. Le chapitre se termine par la présentation des différentes voies d'étude de la variabilité du recrutement et la justification du choix d'une approche macroécologique. Le troisième chapitre analyse les corrélations des variations du recrutement entre les populations et met en évidence des ensembles de populations dont les variations du recrutement ont été synchrones. Ces synchronismes représentent des communautés de réponse du recrutement des populations à l'influence des facteurs environnementaux et témoignent donc du contrôle environnemental des variations du recrutement. Le quatrième chapitre analyse les différences de variabilité du recrutement entre les populations. Il est notamment montré que les populations situées près des limites Nord et Sud des aires de répartition géographique des espèces présentent une variabilité du recrutement plus forte que celles situées au centre de ces aires. Cette relation est cohérente avec les théories de la macroécologie, selon lesquelles les populations en limite de distribution seraient affectées de façon plus marquée par les fluctuations des conditions environnementales qu'elles rencontrent. Le cinquième chapitre examine la correspondance entre les variations à long terme du recrutement et les changements récents du climat dans l'Atlantique Nord. La tendance dominante du recrutement de 40 populations durant les trente dernières années est fortement corrélée au signal dominant des variations de la température de surface du Nord-Est Atlantique, lui-même corrélé à la cinétique globale du réchauffement climatique. Ce chapitre suggère également que la réponse des populations à ce réchauffement pourrait dépendre de leur position dans les aires de répartition des espèces. Recruitment - the number of young fishes that integrate each year the exploitable stock¿ has a central importance for stock dynamics. The high temporal variability in recruitment is a result of the environmental influence on survival during early life stages. Understanding the determinism of the influence of environment on recruitment remains one of the most important question in fisheries ecology. The present work aimed at answering some general questions about the influence of environment on fish recruitment using a macroecological approach. The study focused on the exploited fish populations of the Northeastern Atlantic. The first chapter of the thesis makes a review of the different methods used to estimate recruitment, compares recruitment estimates from these different methods, and discusses their reliability. Recruitment estimates from cohort analysis models, concerning more than 60 populations of 18 species, are finally retained to study recruitment variability. The second chapter presents the main concepts and the different approaches to the study of recruitment variability. A review of the major hypotheses concerning recruitment determinism is first made in order to detail the respective influence of environmental factors and of other factors on recruitment variability. The link between stock size and recruitment is then presented, based on the analysis of the data concerning the populations considered in this work. The chapter ends with a presentation of the different approaches used to study recruitment variability, and the justification of the choice of a macroecological approach. The third chapter analyses correlations in recruitment variations among Northeast Atlantic fish stocks, and shows the existence of groups of populations with synchronous recruitment variations. Such synchronies in recruitment correspond to similar responses of recruitment to environmental factors and hence indicate an environmental control of recruitment variations. The fourth chapter analyses the differences in recruitment variability among populations. Recruitment variability for populations living near the borders of species distribution ranges is higher than for populations living at the centre of these ranges. According to macroecological theories this pattern of recruitment variability within species geographical ranges suggests that populations on the border of species range are more strongly influenced by environmental variability than populations at the centre of the range. The fifth chapter investigates coherence between long term trends in recruitment and the changes in the North Atlantic climate during the last three decades. The dominant trend of recruitment variations for 40 populations, extracted by a principal component analysis, is strongly negatively correlated with the dominant signal in sea surface temperature in the North-East Atlantic, which is highly correlated to the global increase in temperature related to global warming. The chapter also suggests that the impact of the global warming on fish recruitment may depend on population position in species range.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2006Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1982 FrancePublisher:ISTPM Heral, Maurice; Razet, Daniel; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Berthome, Jean-paul; Garnier, J.;Les grandes caractéristiques hydrobiologiques du bassin de Marennes-Oléron sont définies par quatre campagnes saisonnières de 120 prélèvements chacune effectuée-, en 15 stations en demi-cycle de marée. Les salinités y fluctuent de 10 '/rr. et ce secteur peut donc être assimilé à un vaste estuaire contrôlé principalement par les apports fluviaux de la Charente. La turbidité reste élevée souvent supérieure à 100 mg.I"', les teneurs en oxygène dissous montrent un déficit en amont de la Charente et de la Seudre de 4 mg.L1 tandis que les sels nutritifs sont apportés par la Charente pour les nitrates, phosphates et silicates. Ces derniers suivent les courbes de dilution théorique excepté lors des poussées phytoplanctoniques et lors des crues hivernales. Lors de ces crues, les nitrates semblent soit apportés par la Gironde, soit dus à une minéralisation organique. Au même moment, les phosphates pourraient être absorbés sur les particules et être piégés dans les sédiments. Les biomasses phytoplanctoniques exprimées par les teneurs en chlorophylle a sont supésieures à 30 f^-g.1 ' en amont des estuaires au printemps avec des teneurs en phéopigmenls pouvants dépasser 200 IUJ.1 . par contre, dans le bassin, les teneurs ne dépassent guère 10 fig.l ''. Les concentrations en ATP montrent que peu de phytoplancton est physiologiquement actif en particulier dans les estuaires, tandis que les dosages de protéines permettent de quantifier la part des apports allochtone - par rapport à la production autochtone des estuaires. Line analyse factorielle des correspondances définit le schéma général hydrobiologique du bassin estuarien en précisant que 'e rôle de la Charente ne se limite pas à l'apport en sels minéraux azotés et phosphatés, mais aussi à l'apport d'une biomasse phytoplanctonique d'eau douce en voie de dégénérescence. Les auteurs proposent qu'une nouvelle stratégie d'échantillonnage, mieux adaptée aux objectifs recherchés, soit suivie ultérieurement en assurant des prélèvements en cycle de marée mais avec une périodicité la plus élevée possible. Four seasonal compaigns providing a sampling of 15 stations each followed during half a tide cycle, i.e. 120 water samples permit the definition of the main hydrobiological features of Marennes-Oleron Bay: salinity and turbidity, phytoplanktonic biomasses, ATP concentrations. The authors suggest that a new way of adapted sampling to their objectives, will work out in the future by sampling during tidal cycles but as frequently as possible.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1982Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 59visibility views 59 download downloads 28 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1982Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2002 FranceAuthors: Gerard, Denis;Le stock de moules en place en avril 2002 sur les bouchots de la baie du Mont Saint-Michel a été estimé, en volume, en poids et en nombre. Pour ce faire, un plan d'échantillonnage a été conçu, mis en oeuvre, puis optimisé, en prenant en compte la disposition spatiale du stock et les contraintes matérielles et humaines (en particulier le nombre de personnes et le nombre de jours de travail disponible). Ce plan utilise les procédés de stratification, échantillonnage par degrés, estimation par régression, afin d'obtenir la meilleure précision possible compte tenu du coût dédié à l'opération. L'opération n'aurait pu être menée sans le concours actif des professionnels du secteur : elle a mobilisé un bateau et 5 personnes, une première journée, pour l'estimation du taux d'ensemensement (nombre et localisation des pieux garnis de moules). 14 équipes de 2 personnes ont ensuite arpenté l'ensemble du secteur, les 2 jours suivants, pour mesurer les hauteurs, circonférences, épaisseurs de moules in situ, et prélever 1 litre de moules par pieu sélectionné, (pour pesée et dénombrement). L'estimation est de 3.4 milliards de moules à un poids moyen de 3.2 g, soit un poids total de 11000 tonnes (à 6% près selon les calculs de précision). Le rapport entre ce stock instantané et la production commerciale estimée à 10 000 tonnes les mois suivants (entre juin et décembre) devra être précisé. The quantity of mussels cultivated on wooden poles called « bouchots », in Mont Saint-Michel bay, has been estimated in april 2002, by volume, number and weight. To do so, a sampling strategy has been conceived, operated and then optimized, taking into account the spatial distribution of this stock and the material and human constraints (especially the amount of persons and working days available). The sampling plan uses procedures of stratification, degrees, regression, so as to reach the optimum precision related to cost. The operation took a great advantage of the efficient help of mussel farmers. During the first day, the task consisted to estimate the number and position of poles occupied by mussels, with the help of 5 persons on boat. The following 2 days, 14 persons walked through the entire area, to estimate mussels volumes in situ and sample one liter on selected poles, for number and weight subsequent estimations. As a whole, around 3.4 billions of mussels, with a mean weight of 3.2 grams, were estimated at that time, weighing more than 11 000 tons. The relation between this instant stock and the next commercial production remains to be precised.
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visibility 14visibility views 14 download downloads 5 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2002Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1993 FrancePublisher:Gauthier-Villars Authors: Blanchard, Michel; Gros, Philippe;Three main intertidal macrofauna communities are identified in Saint-Brieuc Bay: a Macoma balthica community, a Tellina tenuis community; and a third community with Cerastroderma and Tellina tenuis. Physiological parameters such as filtration, respiration and excretion are examined, for the filter-feeding molluscs with the highest biomass (the cockle Cerastoderma edule, the tellinid Tellina tenuis, and the blue mussel Mytilus edulis), either through laboratory experiments, or through previous literature. These results are used together to build up an annual energy budget for the complete soft bottom community, and to observe trophic relations. Results show that the mussel population has a negative influence on the cockle beds that lie just above.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1993Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 21visibility views 21 download downloads 7 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1993Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2009 FrancePublisher:Ecole Centrale de Nantes Authors: Saulnier, Jean Baptiste;This work focuses on the refinement of sea-states spectral characterisation in the frame of the development of wave energy converters (WECs). Until now, this characterisation has been limited to the consideration of basic global parameters such as the significant wave height and mean wave period. The present work namely underlines - thanks to simplified numerical models - that such a description is not sufficient to account for the performance of WECs, for they still exhibit a large variability in terms of mean production while wave energy and period are fixed. It is therefore needed to refine this description by introducing new wave characteristics, such as the wave groupiness, which is itself related to the sea-state's spectral bandwidth. The classical - spectral - approaches, allowing a statistical analysis of wave groups along with other works in the literature, permit to draw a set of relevant spectral parameters. The sensitivity of simplified offshore WEC models (linear in the frequency domain) to these parameters is then observed. The question of deterministic mean power estimation - namely in the case of non-linear models - is also raised, for it is also related somehow to the bandwidth of the wave field. A sea-state is actually made of a superimposition of various wave systems (as swells and wind-sea). It is then possible to refine even more its description, namely through the multi-system approach. The latter enables indeed to track in time and space the wave systems independently of each other. An algorithm for the automatic spatiotemporal analysis is proposed and illustrated to this end. Lastly, the influence of such description refinements (wave groupiness and multi-system approach) is observed at several locations (Portugal, North Sea, California) by considering various WEC models (linear axi-symmetric heaving devices, 3D SEAREV with non-linear hydrodynamics): in all cases, it is shown that both extended descriptions allow for a better characterisation of the mean WEC performance at both short and long term. Ces travaux portent sur la caractérisation spectrale des états de mer dans le cadre du développement de systèmes récupérateurs de l'énergie des vagues (SREVs). Jusqu'alors, cette caractérisation s'est limitée à des paramètres globaux basiques tels que la hauteur significative et la période moyenne des vagues. Les présents travaux soulignent notamment, à l'aide de modèles simplifiés, que cette description est insuffisante car un SREV montre encore une grande variabilité en termes de production moyenne, ces deux paramètres étant fixés par ailleurs. On s'intéresse donc à raffiner cette description en considérant des caractéristiques de vagues nouvelles, comme le groupement de vagues, lui-même lié à la largeur de bande de l'état de mer. Les approches classiques - spectrales - sur l'étude descriptive des groupes de vagues et la littérature permettent de dégager un certain nombre de paramètres spectraux. On observe ensuite la sensibilité de modèles de SREVs offshore simplifiés (modèles fréquentiels linéaires) à ces paramètres de largeur globale. La question de l'estimation déterministe de performance moyenne (dans le cas de convertisseurs non-linéaires) est également abordée, étant elle-même liée à cette caractéristique. Un état de mer étant constitué de plusieurs systèmes de vagues (houles, mer de vent), il est encore possible de raffiner sa description grâce à une approche multisystème. Celle-ci permet en outre de suivre ces systèmes indépendamment dans le temps et l'espace. Un algorithme d'analyse spatio-temporelle est proposé et illustré à cet égard. Enfin, l'influence de ces raffinements est observée en différents sites (Portugal, Mer du Nord, Californie) sur des cas de SREVs divers (systèmes axi-symétriques linéaires, SEAREV 3D d'hydrodynamique non-linéaire), et montre que dans tous les cas, le raffinement apporté permet de mieux caractériser la production à court et long terme de ces dispositifs.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2009Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1991 FrancePublisher:Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1991 Authors: Deslous, P; Wolowicz, M; Boromthanarat, S;Physiological processes of two populations of Mytilus edulis from the Atlantic coast (Marennes-Oleron, France) and from the Baltic coast (Gdansk, Poland) are compared. These parameters are discussed according to the physiological state of the populations (gametogenesis, spawning) and to the environmental abiotic (temperature, salinity) and biotic measurements (seston, chlorophyll). Two periods induce the use of energetic reserves from the flesh. The first one is due to the reproduction period (between February and May in the Bay of Marennes-Oleron and during June-July in the Bay of Gdansk), the second one to the bad winter trophic conditions. The physiological answers of these two populations during the two periods shows that different strategies take place. The mussels from Marennes-Oleron have a metabolism which is essentially based on carbohydrates, on the contrary, the mussels from the Bay of Gdansk develop a lipidic metabolism.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1991Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 8visibility views 8 download downloads 8 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1991Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1984 FrancePublisher:Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1984 Funded by:NSERCNSERCAuthors: Maestrini, S; Rochet, M; Legendre, L; Demers, S;Nutrient analyses were done in melted ice, frazil and sea water of the upper part of the water column, where as major constitutive elements of micro-algae were analysed. Measurements of nutrient uptake were carried out with frazil algae incubated at -1.5 degree C in a field incubator. Differential-enrichment bioassays and mean N/P ratio (5.9) demonstrated that actual growth of the cultures was nutrient-limited. Nitrogen governed the algal yield when illumination and grazing allowed the microalgae to grow. It concluded that the epontic dynamics is not only controlled from above, by the seasonal (climatic) changes in light intensity as generally assumed, but also from below, by the short-term (hydrodynamic) events of vertical mixing that replenish the ice-water interface in nutrients.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1984Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 3visibility views 3 download downloads 1 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1984Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2010 FrancePublisher:AgroParisTech, ABIES Authors: Lacroix, Denis;L'aquaculture est l'une des composantes principales de l'apport en protéines dans le monde, surtout en Asie. Elle croît, alors que la pêche, qu'elle a dépassée en tonnage comme en valeur, décline. Selon les écosystèmes et les méthodes employées, elle peut contribuer à valoriser, mais aussi à dégrader les milieux aquatiques. Dans la zone côtière, espace riche et productif au plan biologique mais convoité, l'aquaculture conserve un potentiel de développement si sa mise en œuvre intègre les principes de la durabilité. Celle-ci peut être éclairée par la prospective avec des méthodes d'analyse adaptées à chaque projet. L'analyse de l'expérience de 33 ans en aquaculture de D. Lacroix est faite en trois temps. D'abord, il s'agit de vérifier la qualité de ses travaux de recherche scientifique menés dans des contextes et avec des responsabilités variés en suivant la grille d'analyse de référence d'un doctorat. Ensuite, l'analyse consiste à prendre un recul critique sur les bilans de réalisations majeures (Antilles, Guyane…) en mobilisant l'approche de M. Callon dont la théorie de la traduction permet de construire le réseau des acteurs et de le projeter dans la problématique. Cette grille d'analyse est complétée par l'étude des aspects de temporalité, légitimité et d'acceptabilité pour chaque réalisation. Ce travail sur diverses situations d'intervention permet de préparer une réflexion sur la proposition méthodologique qui suit et son adaptation à des conditions variables. Enfin, les connaissances acquises sont synthétisées afin de construire une méthode de prospective qui permettrait de gagner en temps, en efficacité et en moyens sur des projets à venir. Pour cela, l'analyse s'appuie sur la vision de R. Passet, qui structure les éléments de tout projet dans la hiérarchie des composantes de la durabilité. Le système dynamique qui en résulte peut être alors croisé avec divers scénarios afin d'en simuler les conséquences et donc d‟éclairer les choix. Cette méthode, dite Aster, est testée sur le cas « modèle » et bien documenté de l'élevage de la crevette Macrobrachium rosenbergii en Guyane française. Elle permet d'aboutir à des recommandations précises et argumentées en matière de recherche comme de développement pour tout décideur impliqué. Aquaculture is one of the main supply of protein in feed for mankind, notably in Asia. It increases and had exceeded the level of production of world fisheries, which is decreasing. According to sites and rearing methods, aquaculture contributes to add value but also in some cases to impact negatively the aquatic ecosystems. In the coastal area, a rich and productive zone, but also a place of conflicts, this activity presents a high potential for development if it takes into account the rules of sustainability. The conditions of this sustainability may be cleared with appropriate methods of foresight analysis applied for each development project. The analysis of the professional experience of D. Lacroix for 33 years in aquaculture is structured in three steps. Firstly, the work is to check the scientific value of the research conducted under his responsibility in various contexts and for different responsibilities. This study refers to the requirements of a PhD. In the second part of the work, the results of few major projects (French West Indies, French Guyana….) are analysed with the support of the theory of translation (Callon et al) which allows to build a network of actors and to project it into the context. This way of study includes a special attention to the aspects of time planning, legitimacy and acceptability. Finally, the author examines how this knowledge gained from experience could help building a method for foresight analysis aiming at a shorter planning, a better timing and less means for future projects. To achieve this goal the author integrates the vision of the economist R. Passet which structures any project in an ecosystemic framework, including criteria of sustainability. The mix of these two approaches (Callon & Passet) entails in a new tool for foresight analysis, called Aster, which originality is to offer the possibility to test various scenarios and related consequences to help decision -makers. This new method of foresight analysis, is then tested on the well known case study of the development of prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in French Guyana. The test shows to be successful as it delivers precise and arguable recommendations about research and development for all stakeholders.
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visibility 5visibility views 5 download downloads 5 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2010Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2009 FrancePublisher:Université Pierre et Marie Curie Funded by:EC | MEECEEC| MEECEAuthors: Travers, Morgane;La surexploitation et le changement climatique affectent le fonctionnement des écosystèmes marins, mais des incertitudes existent quant aux effets de leur action combinée. Par une approche de modélisation, ce travail de thèse vise à étudier comment les effets top-down de la pêche et les effets bottom-up du climat se combinent au sein du réseau trophique. Une synthèse bibliographique préliminaire a révélé l'absence d'un modèle end-to-end applicable en l'état à notre écosystème d'étude - le sud-Benguela - qui permettrait l'étude des effets conjoints de la pêche et du climat. Le couplage des modèles de plancton ROMS-N2P2Z2D2 et de poissons OSMOSE s'est alors imposé comme une méthode innovante permettant de développer un outil approprié à nos objectifs. L'importance d'un couplage à double sens via la prédation est illustrée par l'étude des variabilités spatiale et temporelle du terme de rétroaction, puis par la comparaison des dynamiques planctoniques et écosystémiques lorsqu'il y a rétroaction ou non. La simulation de scénarios climatique et halieutique montre que les effets combinés de la pêche et du climat sont généralement plus faibles que la somme de leurs effets individuels. Ce résultat reflète la forte résistance du système aux perturbations extérieures, induite par les relations trophiques nombreuses et variables entre les organismes. En accord avec les hypothèses de fonctionnement trophique basées sur l'intensité de la production primaire et la diversité des prédateurs, l'étude de la pyramide trophique montre que le contrôle bottom-up domine dans le sud-Benguela, i.e. que le climat affecte le fonctionnement trophique de cet écosystème plus fortement que de la pêche. Overfishing and climate change are now recognized to have important effects on marine ecosystem functioning but uncertainties remains about their combined effects. Using a modelling approach this thesis aims at assessing how the top-down effects of fishing and the bottom-up effects of climate combine themselves within the food web. A preliminary review highlighted the lack of end-to-end model applicable as it stands to our study case - the southern Benguela - and suitable to study the combined effects of fishing and climate. Coupling the plankton model ROMS-N2P2Z2D2 and the fish model OSMOSE appeared as an innovative method allowing to develop an appropriate tool meeting our objectives. The importance of two-way coupling via the predation process is first illustrated by the study of spatial and temporal variabilities of the feedback term, and then by the comparison of plankton and ecosystem dynamics when there is feedback or not. Simulating climate and fishing scenarios show that the combined effects of these factors are generally smaller than the sum of their individual effects. This result reflects the strong resilience of the ecosystem to external perturbations, induced by the numerous and weak trophic interactions between organisms. In agreement with hypotheses of trophic functioning based on the intensity of primary production and predators diversity, the study of the trophic pyramid show that bottom-up control dominates in the southern Benguela, i.e. that climate has stronger effects on the trophic functioning of this ecosystem than fishing.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1993 FrancePublisher:Gauthier-Villars Authors: Bachelet, G; Dauvin, Jc;The species composition and spatial distribution of macrofaunal assemblages in intertidal sands of Arcachon Bay, on the southwestern Atlantic coast of France, were investigated through a quantitative sampling of twenty stations representative of the various sandy habitats found in the bay, excluding the exposed beaches. Sampling was done on a single occasion, during the winter of 1988. A total of 150 macrobenthic species (> 1 mm) were collected. The abundance of macrofauna ranged from 89 to 52000 ind.m-2 (with a high dominance of the gastropod Hydrobia ulvae in some sites) and the biomass ranged from 1.3 to 42.5 g.m-2 dry weight. Thirteen additional species (belonging to temporary meiofauna and small macrofauna) were also sampled in the sieving fraction comprised between 1 mm and 100 mum. In this size fraction, the highest densities were those of H. ulvae juveniles in the inner bay and the small polychaete Parapionosyllis gestans in the outer bay. Mean abundance of total fauna > 100 mum (excluding permanent meiofauna) was about 35000 ind.m-2 in both sheltered and semi-exposed stations. A correspondence analysis of the distribution of species among stations followed by an automatic hierarchical classification identified six benthic assemblages, which were also characterized in terms of species dominance, constancy and fidelity. Two assemblages, corresponding to the boreal Macoma community, were distinguished in the sands at mid-tide level in the inner part of the bay: station-group A was characterized by Neomysis integer and Streblospio shrubsolii, together with a low number of species occurring in low-salinity estuarine waters; station-group B, with Cerastoderma edule, Arenicola marina, and Nereis diversicolor as characteristic species, was a sandy facies of the Macoma community dominated by C. edule. Three other assemblages, each with a high species richness, included several species of the boreal Lusitanian Tellina community: station-group C: a Eunice vittata-Tubificoides benedeni assemblage at lower tidal levels in the central part of the bay; station-group D: a Ruditapes decussatus-Goniada emerita assemblage at mid-tidal levels of the outer bay; station-group E: an Echinocardium cordatum-Magelona mirabilis-Aonides oxycephala assemblage at lower tidal levels of the outer bay. A sixth assemblage (station-group F) was an Ophelia bicornis-Bathyporeia sarsi assemblage in fine dune sands of the outer bay. A discriminant analysis including five environmental variables (tidal level, salinity, sediment median, fine particles and organic contents) revealed the first two variables to be the most important factors in the ordination of stations. With these five variables, only 65 % of the stations were correctly classified in the station-groups identified by correspondence analysis. Among the other possible factors governing the distribution of benthic assemblages, the importance of both exposure and circulation of water masses is stressed. Sheltered stations had a mean biomass of 22.8 g.m-2 dry weight and a mean species richness of 17.7 species; in semi-exposed stations, these values were 11.5 g.m-2 dry weight and 36.1 species.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1993Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2006 FrancePublisher:Agrocampus Rennes Authors: Brunel, Thomas;Le recrutement - nombre de jeunes individus issus de la reproduction qui contribuent annuellement au renouvellement des stocks de poissons exploités - est un facteur clé de la dynamique de ces stocks. La forte variabilité du recrutement de la plupart des populations est liée en grande partie à l'influence des facteurs de l'environnement sur la survie lors des premiers stades de développement. La compréhension du déterminisme de cette variabilité est primordiale pour une gestion efficace des stocks. Cette thèse avait pour objectif de généraliser un certain nombre de points concernant l'influence de l'environnement sur le recrutement, par l'utilisation d'une approche macroécologique portant sur l'ensemble des populations exploitées de l'Atlantique Nord-Est. Le premier chapitre de la thèse répertorie les différentes sources de données de recrutement disponibles, évalue leur cohérence et leur fiabilité. Les estimations du recrutement issues des modèles d'analyse de cohortes, concernant plus de 60 populations de 18 espèces, sont finalement retenues pour l'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. Le second chapitre présente les concepts et les méthodes d'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. La synthèse des grandes hypothèses du déterminisme du recrutement permet de préciser les influences respectives des facteurs environnementaux et des autres facteurs sur la variabilité du recrutement. Les relations stock/recrutement sont ensuite présentées, en partant du cas concret des populations considérées dans cette étude. Le chapitre se termine par la présentation des différentes voies d'étude de la variabilité du recrutement et la justification du choix d'une approche macroécologique. Le troisième chapitre analyse les corrélations des variations du recrutement entre les populations et met en évidence des ensembles de populations dont les variations du recrutement ont été synchrones. Ces synchronismes représentent des communautés de réponse du recrutement des populations à l'influence des facteurs environnementaux et témoignent donc du contrôle environnemental des variations du recrutement. Le quatrième chapitre analyse les différences de variabilité du recrutement entre les populations. Il est notamment montré que les populations situées près des limites Nord et Sud des aires de répartition géographique des espèces présentent une variabilité du recrutement plus forte que celles situées au centre de ces aires. Cette relation est cohérente avec les théories de la macroécologie, selon lesquelles les populations en limite de distribution seraient affectées de façon plus marquée par les fluctuations des conditions environnementales qu'elles rencontrent. Le cinquième chapitre examine la correspondance entre les variations à long terme du recrutement et les changements récents du climat dans l'Atlantique Nord. La tendance dominante du recrutement de 40 populations durant les trente dernières années est fortement corrélée au signal dominant des variations de la température de surface du Nord-Est Atlantique, lui-même corrélé à la cinétique globale du réchauffement climatique. Ce chapitre suggère également que la réponse des populations à ce réchauffement pourrait dépendre de leur position dans les aires de répartition des espèces. Recruitment - the number of young fishes that integrate each year the exploitable stock¿ has a central importance for stock dynamics. The high temporal variability in recruitment is a result of the environmental influence on survival during early life stages. Understanding the determinism of the influence of environment on recruitment remains one of the most important question in fisheries ecology. The present work aimed at answering some general questions about the influence of environment on fish recruitment using a macroecological approach. The study focused on the exploited fish populations of the Northeastern Atlantic. The first chapter of the thesis makes a review of the different methods used to estimate recruitment, compares recruitment estimates from these different methods, and discusses their reliability. Recruitment estimates from cohort analysis models, concerning more than 60 populations of 18 species, are finally retained to study recruitment variability. The second chapter presents the main concepts and the different approaches to the study of recruitment variability. A review of the major hypotheses concerning recruitment determinism is first made in order to detail the respective influence of environmental factors and of other factors on recruitment variability. The link between stock size and recruitment is then presented, based on the analysis of the data concerning the populations considered in this work. The chapter ends with a presentation of the different approaches used to study recruitment variability, and the justification of the choice of a macroecological approach. The third chapter analyses correlations in recruitment variations among Northeast Atlantic fish stocks, and shows the existence of groups of populations with synchronous recruitment variations. Such synchronies in recruitment correspond to similar responses of recruitment to environmental factors and hence indicate an environmental control of recruitment variations. The fourth chapter analyses the differences in recruitment variability among populations. Recruitment variability for populations living near the borders of species distribution ranges is higher than for populations living at the centre of these ranges. According to macroecological theories this pattern of recruitment variability within species geographical ranges suggests that populations on the border of species range are more strongly influenced by environmental variability than populations at the centre of the range. The fifth chapter investigates coherence between long term trends in recruitment and the changes in the North Atlantic climate during the last three decades. The dominant trend of recruitment variations for 40 populations, extracted by a principal component analysis, is strongly negatively correlated with the dominant signal in sea surface temperature in the North-East Atlantic, which is highly correlated to the global increase in temperature related to global warming. The chapter also suggests that the impact of the global warming on fish recruitment may depend on population position in species range.
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