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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2010 BelgiumPublisher:Universite Libre de Bruxelles Authors: Kestemont, Bruno;Existe-t-il un consensus scientifique sur les conditions de la durabilité ?Est-il possible de construire un indicateur unique de soutenabilité faible ?Quelles sont les composantes objectives et subjectives des indicateurs ?Peut-on envisager des indicateurs objectifs de soutenabilité ?Quelles voies de recherche sont-elles nécessaires pour développer des indicateurs de développement durable ?Telles sont les questions auxquelles cet ouvrage tente de répondre.La comparaison des courants de la soutenabilité faible et de la soutenabilité forte nous sert de fil conducteur pour évaluer la part normative et la part objective du choix des paramètres et de leur méthode d'agrégation. L'agrégation arithmétique implique des hypothèses de substituabilité entre les facteurs, ce qui relève de la soutenabilité faible. La pondération, toujours normative, peut être explicite ou se traduire par le choix d'une unité ou dimension unique. Nous redéfinissons la soutenabilité faible comme étant la réduction de la complexité à une dimension unique. Il y a dès lors autant d'indicateurs de soutenabilité faible que de choix possibles de cette dimension unique. En particulier, l'empreinte écologique par habitant relève d'une forme "écologique" de soutenabilité faible. Le prix de marché est l'unité fondamentale de mesure de sa forme "économique". Nous montrons que les acteurs ne savent pas bien identifier leur intérêt et qu'ils ne sont pas parfaitement égoïstes, ce qui introduit un biais non systématique remarquable dans toute mesure en unité monétaire. La soutenabilité forte se caractérise par la multiplicité de dimensions ou "capitaux critiques" dont le dépassement d'un seul suffit à déterminer la non soutenabilité. Les différentes formes de soutenabilités faibles peuvent représenter des capitaux critiques parmi d'autres.Nous présentons une typologie des acteurs et du partage des responsabilités, également susceptible d'introduire des grandes divergences dans les résultats publiés. Quelques études de cas illustrent ces différents éléments dans des contextes contrastés. L'empreinte écologique de consommation se limite en particulier à une responsabilisation du seul consommateur, alors que les comptes nationaux permettent d'envisager la coresponsabilité de l'ensemble des acteurs. L'indicateur de "dématérialisation de l'économie" appliqué à un village indien montre la pertinence de mesurer l'utilisation absolue de matière sans pondération monétaire. Il est par ailleurs possible de minimiser le coût de dépollution sans toucher à la limite absolue d'émissions globales de centrales thermiques. Les deux dimensions, coûts sociaux et bénéfices environnementaux, peuvent donc être traitées séparément.En conclusion, il est possible d'identifier, dans chaque calcul d'indicateur de développement durable, une composante relativement objective de soutenabilité "forte" et une composante "faible", négociable, de partage des droits et responsabilités./ We study how different world views may influence how to develop sustainable development indicators. The comparison of weak sustainability and strong sustainability serves as a guide to estimate the share of objective versus normative choice of parameters and their method of aggregation. We then present a typology of actors and shared responsibilities, which may also introduce large discrepancies in the results published. Some case studies illustrate these different elements in contrasting contexts. It appears that it is possible to identify in each calculation of sustainable development indicator, a relatively objective component of sustainability and a negotiable component of shared rights and responsibilities. info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Doctorat en Sciences
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Preprint 2014Publisher:Unknown Tamini, Lota D.; Clerkson, Frédérick; Doyon, Maurice; Debailleul, Guy; Tamini, Lota D.; Clerkson, Frédérick; Doyon, Maurice; Debailleul, Guy;Climate change will affect agricultural production conditions, which will translate in impacts on yield and cost of production for Quebec farmers. This would likely affect the relative competitive position of Quebec in North America. Using the Delphi technique and partial budgets, climate change scenarios for the 2050 period were elaborated and their impact on relative competitiveness assessed for Quebec and its competitors in North America. Results indicate that Quebec competitive position would improve due to more favorable conditions for corn and apple production and due to worsen conditions for the competitors in maple syrup production.
Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1984 FrancePublisher:Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1984 Funded by:NSERCNSERCAuthors: Maestrini, S; Rochet, M; Legendre, L; Demers, S;Nutrient analyses were done in melted ice, frazil and sea water of the upper part of the water column, where as major constitutive elements of micro-algae were analysed. Measurements of nutrient uptake were carried out with frazil algae incubated at -1.5 degree C in a field incubator. Differential-enrichment bioassays and mean N/P ratio (5.9) demonstrated that actual growth of the cultures was nutrient-limited. Nitrogen governed the algal yield when illumination and grazing allowed the microalgae to grow. It concluded that the epontic dynamics is not only controlled from above, by the seasonal (climatic) changes in light intensity as generally assumed, but also from below, by the short-term (hydrodynamic) events of vertical mixing that replenish the ice-water interface in nutrients.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1984Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 3visibility views 3 download downloads 1 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1984Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2016Publisher:BASE Authors: Adeline Fayolle; Jean-Joël Loumeto; Jean-Louis Doucet; Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou; +2 AuthorsAdeline Fayolle; Jean-Joël Loumeto; Jean-Louis Doucet; Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou; Sébastien Bauwens; Achille Biwolé;Introduction. Quantifier les stocks de biomasse et de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales est devenu une priorité internationale dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du mécanisme REDD+. La biomasse forestière est estimée à trois échelles spatiales successives : l’arbre, le peuplement et la région. Cet article propose une synthèse des connaissances sur l’estimation de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales africaines.Littérature. Cette synthèse bibliographique démontre que peu d’équations allométriques, équations qui permettent d’estimer la biomasse de l’arbre à partir de mesures non destructives (diamètre, hauteur), ont été établies pour les forêts tropicales africaines. Au niveau du peuplement, cette synthèse met en exergue les variations spatiales et temporelles connues de la biomasse entre les types de forêts d’Afrique tropicale. Si la reconstitution de la biomasse après une perturbation (l’exploitation forestière, par exemple) est relativement rapide, il existe encore beaucoup d’incertitudes sur les variations spatiales de la biomasse et il n’y a pas de consensus sur une cartographie régionale de la biomasse. La qualité de la cartographie de la biomasse dépend fortement des différents capteurs utilisés (optique, RADAR ou LiDAR) et de l’équation allométrique utilisée pour convertir les données d’inventaires forestiers en biomasse.Conclusions. Considérant le manque de précision des équations allométriques disponibles et des données d’inventaires forestiers à large échelle spatiale, il y a encore beaucoup d’incertitudes sur les estimations de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales africaines. Biomass and carbon stocks of tropical African forests. A reviewIntroduction. Quantifying the biomass and carbon stocks contained in tropical forests has become an international priority for the implementation of the REDD+ mechanism. Forest biomass is estimated at three successive levels: the tree, the stand and the region level. This paper reviews the state of the art regarding the estimation of biomass and carbon stocks in tropical African forests.Literature. This review highlights the fact that very few allometric equations, equations used for estimating the biomass of the tree using non-destructive measurements (diameter, height), have been established for tropical African forests. At the stand level, the review highlights the spatial and temporal variations in biomass between forest types in Central and Eastern Africa. While biomass recovery after a disturbance (logging, for instance) is rather quick, a great deal of uncertainty still remains regarding the spatial variation in biomass, and there is no consensus on a regional biomass map. The quality of biomass mapping in tropical Africa strongly depends on the type of remotely-sensed data being used (optical, RADAR or LIDAR), and the allometric equation used to convert forest inventory data into biomass.Conclusions. Based on the lack of precision of the available allometric equations and forest inventory data and the large spatial scale involved, many uncertainties persist in relation to the estimation of the biomass and carbon stocks contained in African tropical forests.
Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018Publisher:University of Liege Ayitre Akpakouma; Macomba Bétidé Adjayi; Bériname Badjaré; Dabitora Koumantiga; Georges Abbévi Abbey; Kouami Kokou; Nadédjo Bigou-lare;Description du sujet. Au Nord-Togo, particulièrement en milieu rural, les populations utilisent des biens d’espèces ligneuses et des services écosystémiques pour satisfaire des besoins multiples. Dans un environnement marqué par une déforestation accrue, se développe une pression anthropique croissante avec une incidence sur la vulnérabilité et la valorisation de ces ressources. Objectifs. Cette étude sur la diversité et les usages des ligneux permet d’apprécier la richesse floristique des terroirs et d’évaluer, à partir de quatre paramètres, la vulnérabilité des espèces répertoriées et connues des populations en zone de savane sèche. Méthode. L’approche méthodologique est basée sur des enquêtes ethnobotaniques et socio-économiques menées auprès de 14 groupes ethniques par interview individuel et au sein de « focus groups ». Les analyses ont porté sur des calculs de fréquences et d’indices de valeurs d’usage et d’importance des espèces répertoriées. Résultats. Au total, 149 espèces ligneuses utiles ont été identifiées et réparties en 45 familles. Neuf principaux usages reconnus sont relevés : alimentaire (69 espèces), médicinal (91 espèces), bois-énergie (57 espèces), fourrager (57 espèces), artisanal (37 espèces), soins hygiéniques (36 espèces), bois de service (40 espèces), rituel ou magico-spirituel (35 espèces) et cosmétique (26 espèces). Ces usages portent essentiellement sur les feuilles, racines, fruits, graines, fleurs, bois et écorces. Sur l’ensemble des espèces répertoriées, 42 (28 %) présentent un risque élevé de vulnérabilité, celle-ci étant évaluée sur base de quatre paramètres : la fréquence de citation, le nombre d’usages différents, l’organe collecté et le mode de collecte. Conclusions. L’étude montre que l’utilisation des espèces ligneuses varie selon le milieu géographique et la valeur d’importance des espèces explique la vulnérabilité de celles-ci dans la savane sèche.
Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 13 citations 13 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 BelgiumD'Ans, Pierre; Hohenauer, Wolfgang; Courbon, Emilie; Frère, Marc; Degrez, Marc; Descy, G.G. G.G.;info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2016Publisher:BASE Authors: Aurore Richel; Jacques Hebert; Pierre-Louis Bombeck;Introduction. Dans un monde qui cherche à se défaire de sa dépendance à la pétrochimie, le concept de bioraffinage de la biomasse forestière est de plus en plus étudié. Dans une recherche de valorisation maximale des composants de cette biomasse, la transformation de fibres de cellulose en nanocellulose séduit de plus en plus l’industrie papetière par sa haute valeur ajoutée.Littérature. Le concept de bioraffinage forestier intégré vise l’adaptation des usines de pâte à papier en bioraffineries où un maximum de coproduits sont valorisés. Au départ de la cellulose contenue dans la pâte, deux types de nanocellulose peuvent être obtenus en déstructurant les fibres selon différents moyens. Comme elle génère des coproduits valorisables, l’hydrolyse enzymatique constitue un moyen de production de nanocellulose mais doit néanmoins être combinée à des traitements mécaniques. La production de nanocellulose au départ de pâte à papier chimique est une étape de fin de chaine qui peut même s’envisager sans modifier le fonctionnement des usines actuelles. La viabilité économique de cette production et la taille du marché potentiel sont l’objet d’études récentes qui s’avèrent encourageantes.Conclusions. La nanocellulose est un biomatériau d’avenir dont le domaine d’application ne cesse de grandir. La cellulose contenue dans la pâte à papier peut servir de matière première à la production de nanocellulose à l’aide de prétraitements enzymatiques générateurs de coproduits valorisables. Cette production peut s’intégrer dans une usine chimique classique de pâte et constituer ainsi un élargissement de la gamme de produits proposés par l’industrie papetière. Enzymatic hydrolysis to produce nanocellulose in an integrated forest biorefinery strategy. A reviewIntroduction. In a world that seeks to break free from petrochemicals, the concept of forest biomass biorefinery is increasingly being studied as a way to maximize the value of the components of this biomass. Due to the high added value expected when transforming cellulose fibers into nanocellulose, this technology is highly attractive to the pulp and paper industrial world.Literature. The concept of integrated forest biorefinery is to adapt existing pulp mills so as to maximize the value of the co-products. Through the use of various methods, two types of nanocellulose may be obtained from the cellulose in the pulp. Due to its production of valuable byproducts, enzymatic hydrolysis is an interesting method to use for this purpose, but it must be combined with mechanical post-treatments. The production of nanocellulose from chemical pulp takes place in the final step of pulp production, and could be implemented without modifying the existing mills. The economic viability of this mode of production and the potential market size are the subject of recent studies that appear encouraging.Conclusions. Nanocellulose is a promising biomaterial whose field of application continues to grow. Cellulose in wood pulp can be used as a raw material for the production of nanocellulose using enzymatic pre-treatments that generate valuable co-products. This process can be integrated into a conventional chemical pulp mill and constitutes a broadening of the products available to the pulp and paper industry.
Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2019Publisher:University of Liege Authors: Alain Dassargues;Traditionnellement, seule la géothermie profonde était envisagée. Actuellement, les différentes formes de géothermies peu profondes et de faible enthalpie sont plus accessibles car elles présentent moins de risques financiers et environnementaux. Leur multiplication, notamment pour couvrir les besoins énergétiques de (gros ou nombreux) bâtiments, permet à ces systèmes de participer pleinement à la transition énergétique en cours. Ces systèmes géothermiques peu profonds ne requièrent aucune anomalie du gradient géothermique local. Néanmoins, lorsque des pompages et réinjections sont envisagés dans des aquifères peu profonds, les conditions hydrogéologiques influencent fortement l’efficacité (rendement) et la durabilité des systèmes installés mais aussi leur éventuel impact sur la quantité et la qualité des ressources en eaux souterraines. Les différents types de systèmes géothermiques peu profonds sont brièvement présentés, puis l’accent est mis sur les systèmes par doublets en aquifère et sur les anciennes mines.
Bulletin de la Socié... arrow_drop_down Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de LiègeArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Bulletin de la Socié... arrow_drop_down Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de LiègeArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2019 BelgiumAuthors: Bodson, Oriane; Paul, Elisabeth;Introduction: Performance-based financing (PBF) is promoted as a way to improve health workers’ performance. However, despite a growing interest in the issue of motivation and the use of several motivational theories to appraise it, little is still known about PBF internal mechanisms leading to behavioural change, even less on their sustainability. The recent termination of donor-funded PBF programmes in Benin represents a unique opportunity to analyse which motivational mechanisms are sustained when incentives cease.Aim: This study aims to refine the understanding of PBF by using the I-change model1 and to explore how PBF affects health workers behavioural change in Benin during implementation and after termination. Methods: Our study rests on a qualitative design. We conducted semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers and managers from health centres (N=6) and hospitals (N=2) in two health districts supported by different donors), first during PBF implementation in 2017 and secondly, with some of the stakeholders previously interviewed (N=40), 6 and 9 months after the programmes stopped. Interviews were analysed thematically. Results: PBF produced positive effects on some health workers’ behaviours, like interpersonal communication and reporting, that are sustained after PBF termination. During implementation, the prospect of extra gain contributed to the motivation of health workers to adopt these behaviours, however that effect was reduced due to low level and perceived unfair distribution of financial incentives, and reversed with their cessation. Beyond financial incentives, other mechanisms also play an important role in health workers behaviours adoption, which persisted after PBF termination, notably awareness of inner duty, social pressure, and demonstration of the usefulness of some practices. However, some systemic constraints, design and implementation issues, and the absence of an exit strategy reduced their motivational effect. Conclusion: Our behavioural change analysis using the I-change model helps refine the understanding of PBF and sheds light on its effects on health workers’ behaviours that go beyond the effects of financial incentives, but can be reduced by systemic constraints, design, implementation and exit strategy issues. Reference:1. De Vries H. Dijkstra M. Kuhlman P. Self-efficacy: the third factor besides attitude and subjective norm as a predictor of behavioral intentions. Health Education Research 1988; 3; 273–282. info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2010 BelgiumPublisher:Universite Libre de Bruxelles Authors: Kestemont, Bruno;Existe-t-il un consensus scientifique sur les conditions de la durabilité ?Est-il possible de construire un indicateur unique de soutenabilité faible ?Quelles sont les composantes objectives et subjectives des indicateurs ?Peut-on envisager des indicateurs objectifs de soutenabilité ?Quelles voies de recherche sont-elles nécessaires pour développer des indicateurs de développement durable ?Telles sont les questions auxquelles cet ouvrage tente de répondre.La comparaison des courants de la soutenabilité faible et de la soutenabilité forte nous sert de fil conducteur pour évaluer la part normative et la part objective du choix des paramètres et de leur méthode d'agrégation. L'agrégation arithmétique implique des hypothèses de substituabilité entre les facteurs, ce qui relève de la soutenabilité faible. La pondération, toujours normative, peut être explicite ou se traduire par le choix d'une unité ou dimension unique. Nous redéfinissons la soutenabilité faible comme étant la réduction de la complexité à une dimension unique. Il y a dès lors autant d'indicateurs de soutenabilité faible que de choix possibles de cette dimension unique. En particulier, l'empreinte écologique par habitant relève d'une forme "écologique" de soutenabilité faible. Le prix de marché est l'unité fondamentale de mesure de sa forme "économique". Nous montrons que les acteurs ne savent pas bien identifier leur intérêt et qu'ils ne sont pas parfaitement égoïstes, ce qui introduit un biais non systématique remarquable dans toute mesure en unité monétaire. La soutenabilité forte se caractérise par la multiplicité de dimensions ou "capitaux critiques" dont le dépassement d'un seul suffit à déterminer la non soutenabilité. Les différentes formes de soutenabilités faibles peuvent représenter des capitaux critiques parmi d'autres.Nous présentons une typologie des acteurs et du partage des responsabilités, également susceptible d'introduire des grandes divergences dans les résultats publiés. Quelques études de cas illustrent ces différents éléments dans des contextes contrastés. L'empreinte écologique de consommation se limite en particulier à une responsabilisation du seul consommateur, alors que les comptes nationaux permettent d'envisager la coresponsabilité de l'ensemble des acteurs. L'indicateur de "dématérialisation de l'économie" appliqué à un village indien montre la pertinence de mesurer l'utilisation absolue de matière sans pondération monétaire. Il est par ailleurs possible de minimiser le coût de dépollution sans toucher à la limite absolue d'émissions globales de centrales thermiques. Les deux dimensions, coûts sociaux et bénéfices environnementaux, peuvent donc être traitées séparément.En conclusion, il est possible d'identifier, dans chaque calcul d'indicateur de développement durable, une composante relativement objective de soutenabilité "forte" et une composante "faible", négociable, de partage des droits et responsabilités./ We study how different world views may influence how to develop sustainable development indicators. The comparison of weak sustainability and strong sustainability serves as a guide to estimate the share of objective versus normative choice of parameters and their method of aggregation. We then present a typology of actors and shared responsibilities, which may also introduce large discrepancies in the results published. Some case studies illustrate these different elements in contrasting contexts. It appears that it is possible to identify in each calculation of sustainable development indicator, a relatively objective component of sustainability and a negotiable component of shared rights and responsibilities. info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Doctorat en Sciences
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Preprint 2014Publisher:Unknown Tamini, Lota D.; Clerkson, Frédérick; Doyon, Maurice; Debailleul, Guy; Tamini, Lota D.; Clerkson, Frédérick; Doyon, Maurice; Debailleul, Guy;Climate change will affect agricultural production conditions, which will translate in impacts on yield and cost of production for Quebec farmers. This would likely affect the relative competitive position of Quebec in North America. Using the Delphi technique and partial budgets, climate change scenarios for the 2050 period were elaborated and their impact on relative competitiveness assessed for Quebec and its competitors in North America. Results indicate that Quebec competitive position would improve due to more favorable conditions for corn and apple production and due to worsen conditions for the competitors in maple syrup production.
Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.22004/ag.econ.172139&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1984 FrancePublisher:Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1984 Funded by:NSERCNSERCAuthors: Maestrini, S; Rochet, M; Legendre, L; Demers, S;Nutrient analyses were done in melted ice, frazil and sea water of the upper part of the water column, where as major constitutive elements of micro-algae were analysed. Measurements of nutrient uptake were carried out with frazil algae incubated at -1.5 degree C in a field incubator. Differential-enrichment bioassays and mean N/P ratio (5.9) demonstrated that actual growth of the cultures was nutrient-limited. Nitrogen governed the algal yield when illumination and grazing allowed the microalgae to grow. It concluded that the epontic dynamics is not only controlled from above, by the seasonal (climatic) changes in light intensity as generally assumed, but also from below, by the short-term (hydrodynamic) events of vertical mixing that replenish the ice-water interface in nutrients.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1984Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 3visibility views 3 download downloads 1 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1984Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2016Publisher:BASE Authors: Adeline Fayolle; Jean-Joël Loumeto; Jean-Louis Doucet; Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou; +2 AuthorsAdeline Fayolle; Jean-Joël Loumeto; Jean-Louis Doucet; Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou; Sébastien Bauwens; Achille Biwolé;Introduction. Quantifier les stocks de biomasse et de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales est devenu une priorité internationale dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du mécanisme REDD+. La biomasse forestière est estimée à trois échelles spatiales successives : l’arbre, le peuplement et la région. Cet article propose une synthèse des connaissances sur l’estimation de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales africaines.Littérature. Cette synthèse bibliographique démontre que peu d’équations allométriques, équations qui permettent d’estimer la biomasse de l’arbre à partir de mesures non destructives (diamètre, hauteur), ont été établies pour les forêts tropicales africaines. Au niveau du peuplement, cette synthèse met en exergue les variations spatiales et temporelles connues de la biomasse entre les types de forêts d’Afrique tropicale. Si la reconstitution de la biomasse après une perturbation (l’exploitation forestière, par exemple) est relativement rapide, il existe encore beaucoup d’incertitudes sur les variations spatiales de la biomasse et il n’y a pas de consensus sur une cartographie régionale de la biomasse. La qualité de la cartographie de la biomasse dépend fortement des différents capteurs utilisés (optique, RADAR ou LiDAR) et de l’équation allométrique utilisée pour convertir les données d’inventaires forestiers en biomasse.Conclusions. Considérant le manque de précision des équations allométriques disponibles et des données d’inventaires forestiers à large échelle spatiale, il y a encore beaucoup d’incertitudes sur les estimations de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales africaines. Biomass and carbon stocks of tropical African forests. A reviewIntroduction. Quantifying the biomass and carbon stocks contained in tropical forests has become an international priority for the implementation of the REDD+ mechanism. Forest biomass is estimated at three successive levels: the tree, the stand and the region level. This paper reviews the state of the art regarding the estimation of biomass and carbon stocks in tropical African forests.Literature. This review highlights the fact that very few allometric equations, equations used for estimating the biomass of the tree using non-destructive measurements (diameter, height), have been established for tropical African forests. At the stand level, the review highlights the spatial and temporal variations in biomass between forest types in Central and Eastern Africa. While biomass recovery after a disturbance (logging, for instance) is rather quick, a great deal of uncertainty still remains regarding the spatial variation in biomass, and there is no consensus on a regional biomass map. The quality of biomass mapping in tropical Africa strongly depends on the type of remotely-sensed data being used (optical, RADAR or LIDAR), and the allometric equation used to convert forest inventory data into biomass.Conclusions. Based on the lack of precision of the available allometric equations and forest inventory data and the large spatial scale involved, many uncertainties persist in relation to the estimation of the biomass and carbon stocks contained in African tropical forests.
Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018Publisher:University of Liege Ayitre Akpakouma; Macomba Bétidé Adjayi; Bériname Badjaré; Dabitora Koumantiga; Georges Abbévi Abbey; Kouami Kokou; Nadédjo Bigou-lare;Description du sujet. Au Nord-Togo, particulièrement en milieu rural, les populations utilisent des biens d’espèces ligneuses et des services écosystémiques pour satisfaire des besoins multiples. Dans un environnement marqué par une déforestation accrue, se développe une pression anthropique croissante avec une incidence sur la vulnérabilité et la valorisation de ces ressources. Objectifs. Cette étude sur la diversité et les usages des ligneux permet d’apprécier la richesse floristique des terroirs et d’évaluer, à partir de quatre paramètres, la vulnérabilité des espèces répertoriées et connues des populations en zone de savane sèche. Méthode. L’approche méthodologique est basée sur des enquêtes ethnobotaniques et socio-économiques menées auprès de 14 groupes ethniques par interview individuel et au sein de « focus groups ». Les analyses ont porté sur des calculs de fréquences et d’indices de valeurs d’usage et d’importance des espèces répertoriées. Résultats. Au total, 149 espèces ligneuses utiles ont été identifiées et réparties en 45 familles. Neuf principaux usages reconnus sont relevés : alimentaire (69 espèces), médicinal (91 espèces), bois-énergie (57 espèces), fourrager (57 espèces), artisanal (37 espèces), soins hygiéniques (36 espèces), bois de service (40 espèces), rituel ou magico-spirituel (35 espèces) et cosmétique (26 espèces). Ces usages portent essentiellement sur les feuilles, racines, fruits, graines, fleurs, bois et écorces. Sur l’ensemble des espèces répertoriées, 42 (28 %) présentent un risque élevé de vulnérabilité, celle-ci étant évaluée sur base de quatre paramètres : la fréquence de citation, le nombre d’usages différents, l’organe collecté et le mode de collecte. Conclusions. L’étude montre que l’utilisation des espèces ligneuses varie selon le milieu géographique et la valeur d’importance des espèces explique la vulnérabilité de celles-ci dans la savane sèche.
Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 13 citations 13 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2018 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 BelgiumD'Ans, Pierre; Hohenauer, Wolfgang; Courbon, Emilie; Frère, Marc; Degrez, Marc; Descy, G.G. G.G.;info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2016Publisher:BASE Authors: Aurore Richel; Jacques Hebert; Pierre-Louis Bombeck;Introduction. Dans un monde qui cherche à se défaire de sa dépendance à la pétrochimie, le concept de bioraffinage de la biomasse forestière est de plus en plus étudié. Dans une recherche de valorisation maximale des composants de cette biomasse, la transformation de fibres de cellulose en nanocellulose séduit de plus en plus l’industrie papetière par sa haute valeur ajoutée.Littérature. Le concept de bioraffinage forestier intégré vise l’adaptation des usines de pâte à papier en bioraffineries où un maximum de coproduits sont valorisés. Au départ de la cellulose contenue dans la pâte, deux types de nanocellulose peuvent être obtenus en déstructurant les fibres selon différents moyens. Comme elle génère des coproduits valorisables, l’hydrolyse enzymatique constitue un moyen de production de nanocellulose mais doit néanmoins être combinée à des traitements mécaniques. La production de nanocellulose au départ de pâte à papier chimique est une étape de fin de chaine qui peut même s’envisager sans modifier le fonctionnement des usines actuelles. La viabilité économique de cette production et la taille du marché potentiel sont l’objet d’études récentes qui s’avèrent encourageantes.Conclusions. La nanocellulose est un biomatériau d’avenir dont le domaine d’application ne cesse de grandir. La cellulose contenue dans la pâte à papier peut servir de matière première à la production de nanocellulose à l’aide de prétraitements enzymatiques générateurs de coproduits valorisables. Cette production peut s’intégrer dans une usine chimique classique de pâte et constituer ainsi un élargissement de la gamme de produits proposés par l’industrie papetière. Enzymatic hydrolysis to produce nanocellulose in an integrated forest biorefinery strategy. A reviewIntroduction. In a world that seeks to break free from petrochemicals, the concept of forest biomass biorefinery is increasingly being studied as a way to maximize the value of the components of this biomass. Due to the high added value expected when transforming cellulose fibers into nanocellulose, this technology is highly attractive to the pulp and paper industrial world.Literature. The concept of integrated forest biorefinery is to adapt existing pulp mills so as to maximize the value of the co-products. Through the use of various methods, two types of nanocellulose may be obtained from the cellulose in the pulp. Due to its production of valuable byproducts, enzymatic hydrolysis is an interesting method to use for this purpose, but it must be combined with mechanical post-treatments. The production of nanocellulose from chemical pulp takes place in the final step of pulp production, and could be implemented without modifying the existing mills. The economic viability of this mode of production and the potential market size are the subject of recent studies that appear encouraging.Conclusions. Nanocellulose is a promising biomaterial whose field of application continues to grow. Cellulose in wood pulp can be used as a raw material for the production of nanocellulose using enzymatic pre-treatments that generate valuable co-products. This process can be integrated into a conventional chemical pulp mill and constitutes a broadening of the products available to the pulp and paper industry.
Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2019Publisher:University of Liege Authors: Alain Dassargues;Traditionnellement, seule la géothermie profonde était envisagée. Actuellement, les différentes formes de géothermies peu profondes et de faible enthalpie sont plus accessibles car elles présentent moins de risques financiers et environnementaux. Leur multiplication, notamment pour couvrir les besoins énergétiques de (gros ou nombreux) bâtiments, permet à ces systèmes de participer pleinement à la transition énergétique en cours. Ces systèmes géothermiques peu profonds ne requièrent aucune anomalie du gradient géothermique local. Néanmoins, lorsque des pompages et réinjections sont envisagés dans des aquifères peu profonds, les conditions hydrogéologiques influencent fortement l’efficacité (rendement) et la durabilité des systèmes installés mais aussi leur éventuel impact sur la quantité et la qualité des ressources en eaux souterraines. Les différents types de systèmes géothermiques peu profonds sont brièvement présentés, puis l’accent est mis sur les systèmes par doublets en aquifère et sur les anciennes mines.
Bulletin de la Socié... arrow_drop_down Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de LiègeArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25518/0037-9565.9213&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Bulletin de la Socié... arrow_drop_down Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de LiègeArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25518/0037-9565.9213&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2019 BelgiumAuthors: Bodson, Oriane; Paul, Elisabeth;Introduction: Performance-based financing (PBF) is promoted as a way to improve health workers’ performance. However, despite a growing interest in the issue of motivation and the use of several motivational theories to appraise it, little is still known about PBF internal mechanisms leading to behavioural change, even less on their sustainability. The recent termination of donor-funded PBF programmes in Benin represents a unique opportunity to analyse which motivational mechanisms are sustained when incentives cease.Aim: This study aims to refine the understanding of PBF by using the I-change model1 and to explore how PBF affects health workers behavioural change in Benin during implementation and after termination. Methods: Our study rests on a qualitative design. We conducted semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers and managers from health centres (N=6) and hospitals (N=2) in two health districts supported by different donors), first during PBF implementation in 2017 and secondly, with some of the stakeholders previously interviewed (N=40), 6 and 9 months after the programmes stopped. Interviews were analysed thematically. Results: PBF produced positive effects on some health workers’ behaviours, like interpersonal communication and reporting, that are sustained after PBF termination. During implementation, the prospect of extra gain contributed to the motivation of health workers to adopt these behaviours, however that effect was reduced due to low level and perceived unfair distribution of financial incentives, and reversed with their cessation. Beyond financial incentives, other mechanisms also play an important role in health workers behaviours adoption, which persisted after PBF termination, notably awareness of inner duty, social pressure, and demonstration of the usefulness of some practices. However, some systemic constraints, design and implementation issues, and the absence of an exit strategy reduced their motivational effect. Conclusion: Our behavioural change analysis using the I-change model helps refine the understanding of PBF and sheds light on its effects on health workers’ behaviours that go beyond the effects of financial incentives, but can be reduced by systemic constraints, design, implementation and exit strategy issues. Reference:1. De Vries H. Dijkstra M. Kuhlman P. Self-efficacy: the third factor besides attitude and subjective norm as a predictor of behavioral intentions. Health Education Research 1988; 3; 273–282. info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______2101::3f42cbce91ab5cb1000d33588c7fbd87&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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