• Energy Research
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Curriculum 2013 (K-13) was first announced in 2014 which has been applied to number of schools. Preparation of this new curriculum by the government aimed at making education in Indonesia is not only focused on cognitive aspects or skills possessed, but also at students' interest and motivation. Unfortunately, behind the goal, there are issues occured in the school during the application of K-13. Those are input process and values conversion that takes relatively much time. The things are caused by the dissimilarity of the standards and the assessment scale between current curriculum with the previous one. Meanwhile, the academic system running in schools is still pretty conventional. Therefore, this research will construct an application which have capability to handle the things. Beside those additional features, this research is build an application in order to apply the data mining with k-NN algorithm to predict students learning outcomes based on certain subjects. Data source that used in this research were consisted into 500 data training that covered up all classes or labels. Testing methods which have been applied are black box testing and confusion matrix. There are 3 techniques of black box testing that applied in order to test the system functionality according to its input values. Those are equivalence class partitioning, boundary value analysis and decision table based testing. Meanwhile in confusion matrix, it has been done 3 times testing according by k value in k-NN algorithm. With k-5 acquired accurate rate 79.34%, k-10 with accurate rate 62.67%, then k-15 with accurate rate 64%. Thus, information that can conluded from those testing methods is the algorithm with k-5 is more accurate than any others.

- Source of electrical energy is currently the main problems in Singkawang city, this is because the number of population density increased annually. Besides, the problem of the amount of waste continues to rise, these two problems can be solved with one solution to convert a renewable energy that makes a potential where trash converted into power plant of waste to energy. To determine whether the waste can be a solution to the energy crisis by conducting a study of potential waste or garbage into fuel power plant. writing this essay described how rubbish can produce electrical energy for 24833.76 kWh / day if operating for one year amounted to 9,064,322.4 kWh / year or 9064.32 MWh / year, The first step is to know the total amount of organic waste per day, the number of calories in the organic waste, the amount of energy (kWh) / day, the capacity of power generation, the power output of the boiler, steam turbine net power.

It was conducted to engineering the adsorption column by using ferro powder waste as adsorbent to removal the H2S content of biogas from Palm Oil Mill Effluent. The first step it was conducted to calculated the adsorption column as purification column by character Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) considering. Further, is was conducted to annealed the ferro powder from industrial waste workshop in north Sumatera. Thus, it was conducted to annealed with temperature variation (800°C, 900°C and 1000°C) and the thick adsorbent (1 cm, 2 cm).The result shows that each adsorbent product is tested by applied of using direct that puts in the adsorbent column. Applied research is conducted by flowing biogas trought column that the adsorbent is alreadyin the column. Temperature condition and the width of adsorbent was effecting of adsorption the H2S biogas and the optimal condition are 1000°C temperature and 2 cm of width adsorbance

Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency has abundant in fish resource including pelagic, demersal, and reef fish. This study was conducted to assess fish biomass variability and of fish community structure in coastal waters of Tangerang Regency which can be used as a basis in determining alternatives for sustainable fish resource management. This research was conducted in June and August 2013 in three locations i.e., Kronjo, Cituis, and Tanjung Pasir. Primary data collected were fish weight per species. Fish biomass from each locations was obtained using swept area method using trawl. The results showed that Kronjo region contained the highest total average biomass of fish. Temporally, total ave-rage biomass of fish in August was higher than in June for Kronjo and Cituis. Meanwhile, the con-trary occurred in Tanjung Pasir. This conditions occurred due to the high current and high wave in August than in June. In general, biomass of planktivorous was dominant during the study indicating overfishing lead to fishing down the food web in the Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency.

The purpose of this study is to analyze conversion of waste into biogas cattle against the income of the people in Karo and Deli Serdang. This study use primary data through questionnaires and interviews to people who are or have been managing the biogas from cattle waster in Karo and Deli Serdang. The analytical methods used in this study are descriptive statistics and multiple linier regression. The resuld showed that the time use of biogas, the price of cow manure and the number of dependents simultaneously positive and significant impact on people’s income. The time use of biogas is partially not significant positive effect on people’s income and the price of cow manure partially not significant positive effect on people’s income and the number of dependents partially positive effect is not significant to people’s income 100501159

Background: Indomethacin is a very effective nonsteroidal antiinflamatory drugs, but it can cause gastric iritation if it is given orally. Therefore, the delivery system of indometachin through skin can avoid local side effect causedin gastric. Purpose : The purpose of this research is to know the effect of ethanol, glycerine and mixture of ethanol and glycerine to the penetration of indomethacin from gel preparations in vitro by using the skin of rabbit and using indometasin gel from Japan (Kowa, Japan) as the comparison. Methods: This study was made 12 gel formula containing indomethacin 1% with alginat gel base include formula F1 without contained enhancer. Formula F2, F3 and F4 with the concentration of ethanol 3, 5 and 7%. Formula F5, F6, F7, and F8 with the concentration of glycerine 45, 50, 55 and 60%. Formula F9, F10, F11, and F12 with the concentration of mixture of ethanol 3% with glycerine 45%, ethanol 5% with glycerine 45%, ethanol 7% and glycerine 45% and ethanol 5% and glycerine 55% and then compared with the indomethacin gel from Japan. Indomethacin penetration in vitro test were done through fur free rabbit skin from the alginate gel base by using diffusion cell. The amount of indomethacin penetrate in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4 was determined by UV spectrophotometer on 265.0 nm wavelength. The experiments were done for 9 hours. Results: The results showed that the addition of ethanol 5%, glycerine 55% and mixture of ethanol 5% with glycerine 55% increased the penetration of indomethacin. Mixture of ethanol 5% and glycerine 55% provides the highest penetration. The effect of the addition of ethanol, glycerine and mixture of ethanol and glycerine indicate the number of indomethacin which penetrated from the order of the most high to low is mixture of ethanol and glycerine > ethanol > glycerine. Conclusions: From the results of this study concluded that mixture of ethanol and glycerine provides the highest penetration of indomethacin. 111501030

Tide height is an important parameter in obtaining the amount of tidal energy by utilizing the potential energy contained in the water caused by the movement of sea water caused tidal. Karimun waters of Riau Island province has a reservoir of 29.69 Ha former tin mining which is directly related to the sea connected by floodgates that allegedly contained the potential for tidal energy is high. Karimun tidal waters that occurs twice ebb tide twice the difference between the highest to the lowest ebb during spring tide reaches 3.8 m while the difference during neap 0.2 m. In the planning of generating tidal power necessary to study potential energy, mechanical energy, in addition to the natural factors that must be considered is the morphology of the beach, water characteristics, topography, rainfall, sea depth and lithology underwater, because it influences the volume of reservoirs, construction field and construction of energy converters. Design of tidal power generation using penstock pipe dimensions of 3.7 m, designed stainless kaplan turbines installed perpendicular coupled to a synchronous generator pole shoe (salient) 39889.7 kW generator power output. Results of analysis of tidal energy potential of an average of 46910.6 kWh in 2013 and average of 46605.4 kWh in 2014. It was concluded that the use of energy known to be used as a reference in planning tidal power plant.

Carbohydrates can be obtained from tubers such as cassava. Cassava is a plant from family euphorbiaceae and typical tropical plants. Cassava peel is a major waste that contains carbohydrates. The peel of cassava can be used as an energy source, namely ethanol.The purpose of this study is to determine the contents of ethanol through the fermentation process of cassava peel where obtainable from Malino village, Batu Daka West, Tojo Una-Una. The parameters in this study was content of ethanol that was obtained by fermentation using saccaromyces cerevisiae yeast. The fermentation process was conducted by varying day of fermentation, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. The results showed the fermentation of ethanol with time variation respectively is 4.50, 5.20, 6.00 and 4.00%. In conclusion, it can be said that the highest ethanol content is 6.00% with the fermentation time of 8 days.

Analysis of biomass and carbon stock on mangrove forest ecosytem in coastal area of North Rupat Riau Province has been conducted in January 2016. The method used in this study is a survey method with purposive sampling technique. The study showed that the potential mangrove biomass was directly proportional to mangrove carbon stocks. The average yield of biomass, carbon stocks of soil organic carbon and CO2 sequestration on mangrove forest was reserves amounted to 68,64 tons/ha , 904,75 tons/ha and 251,39 tons/ha, while the average yield of total carbon stocks was 973,31 tons/ha.

Biodiesel is a methyl ester transesterification reaction products of triglycerides derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. One among of vegetable oils that can produce biodiesel is kapok seed oil. Kapok seed oil had higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids are high that they could be made to produce biodiesel. This research is aim to make biodiesel from kapok seed oil, studying the effect of concentration of activated clay catalyst to the amount of biodiesel produced, determine the characteristics of biodiesel from kapok seed oil and determine the best catalyst activation of the activation of acid or base. The transesterification process occured at a temperature of 60oC, the weight of oil 50 grams, the reaction time 1,5 hours, mole ratio of oil to methanol 1 : 9, variation of the catalyst concentration 0,1%, 0,5%, and 1%-weight of oil, and variations of acid solution (0,47%, 0,62%, dan 0,78%) and alkaline solution (0,33%, 0,44%, 0,66%) for activation of catalyst. From the result is obtained the highest biodiesel of 1% catalyst concentration of acid activation 0,78%, methanol mole ratio of 1: 9 for 1,5 hours as much as to 92,62 %. Characterization of physical properties of biodiesel is density of 871 kg/m3, 3,11 mm2/s kinematic viscosity, acid number 0.36 mg KOH / g sample, and the flash point 200oC respectivity.