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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Catellani, Andrea; Pascual Espuny, Céline;

    Introduction au dossier thématique "Environnement, nature et communication à l’ère de l’anthropocène". Ce dossier thématique regroupe une série de travaux qui illustrent l’effort actuel de penser en SIC (Sciences de l’information et de la communication), les façons qu’a l’environnement de venir à la communication1. Ce double advenir – à la communication, mais aussi aux SIC – est placé sous le signe d’une notion, celle d’Anthropocène, qui indique une échelle quantitative et qualitative inédite de l’impact de l’humain sur la planète. Avec l’ère de l’Anthropocène, ce qui a toujours été vrai au fond (le fait que l’humain vit dans la nature, la pense, l’influence et en est influencé et formé) est devenu, pour son évidence et son ampleur liées aux effets sur le climat et le vivant, un phénomène central dans la culture et la réflexion scientifique, jusqu’à changer les catégories des sciences physiques.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Dépôt Institutionel ...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Dépôt Institutionel ...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Van Durme, Thérèse; Be.Hive, chaire interdisciplinaire de la première ligne;

    Conférence des 28 et 29 novembre 2023. Les deux chaires interdisciplinaires de la première ligne Grâce au Fonds Dr. De Coninck, géré par la Fondation Roi Baudouin, les deux chaires de la première ligne, Be.Hive et l’Academie Voor de Eerste lijn, réalisent des recherches scientifiques et contribuent à l’amélioration de l’enseignement avec la première ligne. L’objectif est de rendre la première ligne plus forte, plus structurée, plus visible et plus résiliente face aux défis démographiques et technologiques, en ayant une attention particulière pour les personnes les plus vulnérables. Les deux chaires incluent des chercheurs et enseignants des universités et hautes écoles. Pour Be.Hive, il s’agit des hautes écoles HE Vinci, Henallux et HELB et de trois universités francophones : Liège, ULB et UCL, mais aussi des représentants des usagers des services de santé (LUSS), de leurs aidants (ASBL Aidants proches) et des professionnels de la première ligne (PPLW et PPLB-BELZ). Les 28 et 29 novembre 2023, les deux chaires ont organisé une conférence commune sur la thématique de la pérennité des interventions et innovations en santé. Comment nous engager vers une recherche socialement et sociétalement responsables à l’heure où les politiques soutiennent l’organisation de la première ligne et l’intégration des soins via des projets divers, tels la création des Zones de première ligne (Flandre), le Plan Social Santé Intégré (Bruxelles) et le Décret première ligne (Wallonie) ? Les deux journées d’échanges et de réseautage ont permis au public d’être inspiré, de se connecter, de partager et d’apprendre. Des sessions plénières ont alterné avec des workshops et des moments plus conviviaux. Les sessions étaient articulées autour de quatre thématiques suivantes : 1. Inclusivité et équité dans les soins primaires Pratiques, modes d'organisation, modes d'enseignement, de recherche qui soutiennent l'inclusivité et l'équité dans les soins primaires. L'inclusivité signifie l'inclusion de différents types de personnes en situation de vulnérabilité : socio-économique, culturelle, de genre, de langue, d'alphabétisation, d'âge, de morbidité, de handicap, parmi d’autres. 2. L'échange de connaissances dans le domaine des soins primaires : relier la recherche, l'enseignement et la pratique Comment la recherche peut-elle soutenir la pratique et l'enseignement, et comment la pratique est-elle utile à la recherche ? Quelles expériences et outils à partager ? — 4 — 3. La résilience et les soins primaires La résilience est la capacité de tout système à s'adapter aux crises (aiguës) et au stress (à long terme). Comment les soins primaires peuvent-ils s'adapter à la rareté du nombre d'infirmières et de médecins généralistes dans un contexte démographique changeant et aux défis posés par une société évoluant vers un individualisme accru ? Comment mieux financer les soins primaires ? Quelle est la responsabilité des soins primaires, de la recherche et de l'enseignement dans la résilience de l’individu ou du groupe (y compris l'autogestion, l'autonomisation, etc.) ? 4. Nouveaux rôles et nouveaux accords en matière de soins primaires Innovations (sociales) dans les soins primaires (p. ex. développement des équipes multidisciplinaires), création de liens et de partenariats, nouveaux rôles et fonctions dans la pratique (p.ex. case managers, référents de proximité)... et leur valeur ajoutée au système de soins? L'équipe organisatrice et scientifique est convaincue que cette conférence comble en partie un vide existant dans les connaissances de la première ligne belge et vous souhaitons deux journées aussi agréables qu'inspirantes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Dépôt Institutionel ...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Dépôt Institutionel ...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Polyfluorenes are polymers with outstanding properties: They are semi-conducting, relatively rigid, quite stable chemically and thermally, easily substituted and therefore potentially soluble in numerous solvents and more importantly, they exhibit blue electro- and photoluminescence. For all these reasons, these polymers are the subjects of numerous academic and industrial researches.The first subject of this work deal with the design, the synthesis and the characterisation of polyfluorenes end-capped with perylene dicarboximide derivatives. These perylene moieties are able to interact by energy transfer under specific conditions of illumination, proximity and orientation. Their observation by single molecule spectroscopy permitted therefore to gain valuable information concerning the three-dimensional folding of single polyfluorene chains. To complete this study, the synthesis and characterisation of a perylene end-capped trimer of fluorene was performed. This structure being monodisperse, a finer analysis of the energy-transfer occurring between both perylene dyes could be accomplished, which confirmed the structural hypothesis made for the polymer. During these studies, it has been observed that, in addition to the energy transfer occurring between both perylene derivatives, another energy transfer occurs between the polyfluorene backbone and the perylene derivatives upon excitation of the first. This led to the idea of the synthesis of a polyfluorene bearing perylenes dicarboximide as side chains. This perylene-rich polyfluorene has been used to build a photovoltaic cell efficient in the wavelengths of both polyfluorene absorption and perylene carboximide absorption. Another subject of this work was the design, synthesis and characterisation of polyfluorenes bearing bulky phenoxy groups as side-chains. These polymers, due to their lower tendency toward aggregation, exhibited a better stability of their emission colour upon annealing. Similarly, a series of homo- and copolymers of fluorene bearing bulky and hole accepting triphenylamine substituants was synthesised and characterised. In addition to their improved colour stability in comparison with dialkylpolyfluorenes, the LEDs build with these materials exhibited a very low turn on voltage. Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DI-fusionarrow_drop_down
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    DI-fusion
    Doctoral thesis . 2005
    Data sources: DI-fusion
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DI-fusionarrow_drop_down
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      DI-fusion
      Doctoral thesis . 2005
      Data sources: DI-fusion
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Lavrysen, Luc;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Ghent University Aca...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Ghent University Aca...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Adeline Fayolle; Jean-Joël Loumeto; Jean-Louis Doucet; Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou; +2 Authors

    Introduction. Quantifier les stocks de biomasse et de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales est devenu une priorité internationale dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du mécanisme REDD+. La biomasse forestière est estimée à trois échelles spatiales successives : l’arbre, le peuplement et la région. Cet article propose une synthèse des connaissances sur l’estimation de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales africaines. Littérature. Cette synthèse bibliographique démontre que peu d’équations allométriques, équations qui permettent d’estimer la biomasse de l’arbre à partir de mesures non destructives (diamètre, hauteur), ont été établies pour les forêts tropicales africaines. Au niveau du peuplement, cette synthèse met en exergue les variations spatiales et temporelles connues de la biomasse entre les types de forêts d’Afrique tropicale. Si la reconstitution de la biomasse après une perturbation (l’exploitation forestière, par exemple) est relativement rapide, il existe encore beaucoup d’incertitudes sur les variations spatiales de la biomasse et il n’y a pas de consensus sur une cartographie régionale de la biomasse. La qualité de la cartographie de la biomasse dépend fortement des différents capteurs utilisés (optique, RADAR ou LiDAR) et de l’équation allométrique utilisée pour convertir les données d’inventaires forestiers en biomasse. Conclusions. Considérant le manque de précision des équations allométriques disponibles et des données d’inventaires forestiers à large échelle spatiale, il y a encore beaucoup d’incertitudes sur les estimations de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales africaines.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biotechnologie, Agro...arrow_drop_down
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    Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biotechnologie, Agro...arrow_drop_down
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      Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Authors: Srairi, Mohamed Taher; Chatellier, Vincent; Corniaux, Christian; Faye, Bernard; +5 Authors

    La filière laitière occupe une place importante à l’échelle mondiale, en termes de contribution à l’occupation des surfaces agricoles, aux emplois et à la création de richesse. La production laitière, qui résulte de modèles productifs très variés d’un pays à l’autre et qui relève d’espèces animales aux caractéristiques différentes, a considérablement augmenté au cours des dernières décennies. Le développement futur de la production laitière est soumis à différentes contraintes qui interrogent sur les voies à privilégier dans une optique de durabilité. Dans ce cadre, la première partie de cet article présente la dynamique du secteur laitier, en termes de consommation et de production, et ce, pour différentes grandes zones géographiques ; la seconde traite de la durabilité du secteur laitier, principalement dans les pays en développement, au travers d’une sélection de trois thèmes : la dimension sociale (souvent oubliée) et la nécessité d’intégrer les questions de genre ; l’usage durable des ressources hydriques en l’illustrant au travers de deux situations contrastées, celle du Maroc et de l’Inde ; la biodiversité et l’importance de la contribution des laits non bovins au développement local. La troisième partie rappelle que les échanges internationaux permettent, pour de nombreux pays déficitaires en lait, de satisfaire la demande intérieure. The dairy sector occupies an important place worldwide, in terms of contribution to agricultural land use, jobs and wealth creation. Dairy production results from varied production models from one country to another and is based on animal species with different characteristics. It has increased dramatically in recent decades. The future development of milk production is subject to various constraints that question the best ways of achieving sustainability. In this context, the first part of this article presents the dynamics of the dairy sector in terms of consumption and production in various major geographical areas. The second part deals with the sustainability of the dairy sector, mainly in developing countries, through a selection of three themes: i- the social dimension (often forgotten) and the need to mainstream gender issues; ii- the sustainable use of water resources in Morocco and India, chosen to illustrate two contrasting situations; iii- biodiversity and the essential contribution of non-bovine milks to local development. The third part recalls that international trade exchanges make it possible for many countries with a deficit in milk to meet domestic demand.

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    HAL INRAE
    Review . 2019
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  • Journal Article ; SCOPUS: ar.j ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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    Authors: Galvez Carrillo, Manuel Ricardo;

    Among the renewable energies, wind energy presents the highest growth in installed capacity and penetration in modern power systems. This is why reliability of wind turbines becomes an important topic in research and industry. To this end, condition monitoring (or health monitoring) systems are needed for wind turbines. The core of any condition monitoring system (CMS) are fault diagnosis algorithms whose task is to provide early warnings upon the occurrence of incipient (small magnitude) faults. Thanks to the use of CMS we can avoid premature breakdowns and reduce significatively maintenance costs.The present thesis deals with fault diagnosis in sensors of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind turbine (WT) applications. In particular we are interested in performing fault detection and isolation (FDI) of incipient faults affecting the measurements of the three-phase signals (currents and voltages) in a controlled DFIG. Although different authors have dealt with FDI for sensors in induction machines and in DFIGs, most of them rely on the machine model withconstant parameters. However, the parameter uncertainties due to changes in the operating conditions will produce degradation in the performance of such FDI systems.In this work we propose a systematic methodology for the design of sensor FDI systems with the following characteristics: i) capable of detecting and isolating incipient additive (bias, drifts) and multiplicative (changes in the sensorgain) faults, ii) robust against changes in the references/disturbances affecting the controlled DFIG as well as modelling/parametric uncertainties, iii) residual generation system based on a multi-observer strategy to enhance the isolation process, iv) decision system based on statistical-change detection algorithms to treat the entire residual and perform fault detection and isolation at once.Three novel sensor FDI approaches are proposed. The first is a signal-based approach, that uses the model of the balanced three-phase signals (currents or voltages) for residual generation purposes. The second is a model-based approachthat accounts for variation in the parameters. Finally, a third approach that combines the benefits of both the signal- and the model-based approaches is proposed. The designed sensor FDI systems have been validated using measured voltages, as well as simulated data from a controlled DFIG and a speed-controlled inductionmotor. In addition, in this work we propose a discrete-time multiple input multiple output (MIMO) regulator for each power converter, namely for the rotor side converter (RSC) and for the grid side converter (GSC). In particular, for RSCcontrol, we propose a modified feedback linearization technique to obtain a linear time invariant (LTI) model dynamics for the compensated DFIG. The novelty of this approach is that the compensation does not depend on highly uncertain parameters such as the rotor resistance. For GSC control, a LTI model dynamicsis derived using the ideas behind feedback linearization. The obtained LTI model dynamics are used to design Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) regulators. A single design is needed for all the possible operating conditions. Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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    Authors: Braga da Graça Renteria, Natália;

    The subject of this thesis is the study of the concept of international transfers of green technologies within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The study focuses on the analysis of the evolution of the technology transfer (TT) concept: starting from a model of development aid in the New International Economic Order (NIEO) doctrine, the demand for a true technology transfer has undergone a long evolution in climate governance – including the adoption of a unprecedent Technology Mechanism within the UNFCCC – before getting to the theory of National Innovation Systems (NIS), according to which the states become the real drivers of technological transformation. This evolution corresponds to a contemporary view of the transfers phenomenon. The text is therefore split into three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the study of the history of the concept of TT since its appearance at the time of the NIEO movement until its transposition to the environmental sphere. The second chapter examines the paradigm transformation operated within the Climate Convention: starting from an exogenous approach, with technology landing in the South countries, the subject TT moves to an endogenous movement of structuring and strengthening of NIS. The third chapter presents a practical study of the arrival of green technology in Brazil, based on statistical data. This has provided important information about the concrete reality of technology transfer to a developing country. Finally, the text concludes with the idea that after the movement for a NIEO, based on the right to development, and multilateral environmental agreements, based on the principles of sustainable development and common but differentiated responsibilities, the NIS doctrine, anchored in the innovation law, seems to have taken the lead in guiding discussions on green technologies transfers. Le sujet de cette thèse est l’étude du concept de transferts internationaux de ‘technologies écologiquement rationnelles’ (TER) dans le cadre de la Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC). L’étude se consacre à analyser l’évolution du concept sur le transfert de technologies (TT) : partant du modèle de développement ‘assistancialiste’ de la doctrine du Nouvel Ordre Économique International (NOEI), la demande pour un véritable transfert technologique a connu une longue évolution au sein de la gouvernance climatique – y compris avec l’adoption d’un inédit Mécanisme Technologique au sein de la CCNUCC - avant d’aboutir à la théorie des Systèmes Nationaux d’Innovation (SNI), selon laquelle les États nationaux deviennent les véritables moteurs de la transformation technologique. Cette évolution correspond à une vision contemporaine du phénomène des transferts. Le texte est ainsi réparti en trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre est consacré à l’étude de l’histoire du concept de TT depuis son apparition à l’époque du mouvement du NOEI jusqu’au moment où il a été transposé vers la sphère environnementale. Le deuxième chapitre étudie la transformation de paradigme opéré au sein de la Convention Climat : d’un approche exogène de départ, avec le débarquement de la technologie dans les pays du Sud, le sujet TT passe à un mouvement endogène de structuration et de renforcement des SNI. Le troisième chapitre présente une étude pratique de l’arrivée des nouvelles TER au Brésil, sur base de données statistiques. Cela a fourni des éléments importants sur la réalité concrète du transfert de technologie vers un pays en développement. Finalement le texte conclue avec l’idée qu’après le mouvement en faveur d’un NOEI, fondé sur le droit au développement, et les Accords Environnementaux Multilatéraux, fondés sur les principes du développement durable et des responsabilités communes mais différenciées, la doctrine des SNI, ancrée sur le droit de l’innovation, semble avoir pris le dessus pour guider les discussions sur les transferts des TER. (DROI - Sciences juridiques) -- UCL, 2018

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    Authors: Van Moeseke, Geoffrey;

    If architecture is to make sustainable development possible, the answer to the energy question in buildings cannot be limited to the application of constructive standards. Those standards need to be contextualised and accompanied by a comprehensive approach of sustainability. In this context, this thesis confronts the energy topic with its own complexity and its relations with the other dimensions of architecture. Specifically, this thesis proposes four sets of original developments: 1/ a critic of today's leading energy standards in buildings (e.g. Passivhaus and net zero-energy buildings), pointing both their ambition and their focus on the notion of performance; 2/ an identification and overruling of doctrinal rules still used in the field; 3/the opening of research and design leads, including the redefinition of comfort in an ecoumenal approach; 4/ the proposition of a design process based on the notion of risk management and the principle of shared responsibility. Through those developments, this thesis offers an approach of energy quality that attributes to it the properties of a "projet", meaning exemplarity (the look for an ideal), design (combination of conception and production) and stakeholders logic. This connection with the concept of “projet” demonstrates the ability of the energy topic to question the fundamental of architecture: creating places consistence with specific way of life. Si l'on souhaite faire de l'architecture un vecteur de développement soutenable, la réponse à la question énergétique ne peut se limiter à l'application de standards constructifs. Il est nécessaire de contextualiser ces standards et de les compléter d'une approche cohérente avec l'ampleur de l'objectif de soutenabilité. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse place la question énergétique face à sa propre complexité et à ses relations avec les autres dimensions de l'architecture. En particulier, elle propose quatre ensembles de développements originaux : 1/ une critique des démarches actuelles (Passivhaus et bâtiments net zéro-énergie), dénonçant leur limitation à l'idée performance, tout en justifiant leur ambition ; 2/ une identification et un dépassement de règles doctrinales encore présentes dans le domaine ; 3/ l'ouverture de pistes de recherche et de conception, notamment par la mise en perspective de la notion de confort dans une approche écouménale ; 4/ la proposition d'un processus de conception centré sur l'idée de gestion du risque et le principe de responsabilité partagée. Par ces développements, cette thèse propose une approche de la qualité énergétique qui lui attribue les propriétés d'une démarche de projet, à savoir exemplarité (définition d'un idéal), opérativité (association de la conception et de la réalisation) et pronominalisation (identification d'une logique d'acteurs). Ce lien avec la notion de projet démontre la capacité de la question énergétique à interroger l'objet fondamental de l'architecture : la création de lieux correspondant à une certaine façon d'être au monde. (FSA 3) -- UCL, 2013

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    Authors: Catellani, Andrea; Pascual Espuny, Céline;

    Introduction au dossier thématique "Environnement, nature et communication à l’ère de l’anthropocène". Ce dossier thématique regroupe une série de travaux qui illustrent l’effort actuel de penser en SIC (Sciences de l’information et de la communication), les façons qu’a l’environnement de venir à la communication1. Ce double advenir – à la communication, mais aussi aux SIC – est placé sous le signe d’une notion, celle d’Anthropocène, qui indique une échelle quantitative et qualitative inédite de l’impact de l’humain sur la planète. Avec l’ère de l’Anthropocène, ce qui a toujours été vrai au fond (le fait que l’humain vit dans la nature, la pense, l’influence et en est influencé et formé) est devenu, pour son évidence et son ampleur liées aux effets sur le climat et le vivant, un phénomène central dans la culture et la réflexion scientifique, jusqu’à changer les catégories des sciences physiques.

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    Authors: Van Durme, Thérèse; Be.Hive, chaire interdisciplinaire de la première ligne;

    Conférence des 28 et 29 novembre 2023. Les deux chaires interdisciplinaires de la première ligne Grâce au Fonds Dr. De Coninck, géré par la Fondation Roi Baudouin, les deux chaires de la première ligne, Be.Hive et l’Academie Voor de Eerste lijn, réalisent des recherches scientifiques et contribuent à l’amélioration de l’enseignement avec la première ligne. L’objectif est de rendre la première ligne plus forte, plus structurée, plus visible et plus résiliente face aux défis démographiques et technologiques, en ayant une attention particulière pour les personnes les plus vulnérables. Les deux chaires incluent des chercheurs et enseignants des universités et hautes écoles. Pour Be.Hive, il s’agit des hautes écoles HE Vinci, Henallux et HELB et de trois universités francophones : Liège, ULB et UCL, mais aussi des représentants des usagers des services de santé (LUSS), de leurs aidants (ASBL Aidants proches) et des professionnels de la première ligne (PPLW et PPLB-BELZ). Les 28 et 29 novembre 2023, les deux chaires ont organisé une conférence commune sur la thématique de la pérennité des interventions et innovations en santé. Comment nous engager vers une recherche socialement et sociétalement responsables à l’heure où les politiques soutiennent l’organisation de la première ligne et l’intégration des soins via des projets divers, tels la création des Zones de première ligne (Flandre), le Plan Social Santé Intégré (Bruxelles) et le Décret première ligne (Wallonie) ? Les deux journées d’échanges et de réseautage ont permis au public d’être inspiré, de se connecter, de partager et d’apprendre. Des sessions plénières ont alterné avec des workshops et des moments plus conviviaux. Les sessions étaient articulées autour de quatre thématiques suivantes : 1. Inclusivité et équité dans les soins primaires Pratiques, modes d'organisation, modes d'enseignement, de recherche qui soutiennent l'inclusivité et l'équité dans les soins primaires. L'inclusivité signifie l'inclusion de différents types de personnes en situation de vulnérabilité : socio-économique, culturelle, de genre, de langue, d'alphabétisation, d'âge, de morbidité, de handicap, parmi d’autres. 2. L'échange de connaissances dans le domaine des soins primaires : relier la recherche, l'enseignement et la pratique Comment la recherche peut-elle soutenir la pratique et l'enseignement, et comment la pratique est-elle utile à la recherche ? Quelles expériences et outils à partager ? — 4 — 3. La résilience et les soins primaires La résilience est la capacité de tout système à s'adapter aux crises (aiguës) et au stress (à long terme). Comment les soins primaires peuvent-ils s'adapter à la rareté du nombre d'infirmières et de médecins généralistes dans un contexte démographique changeant et aux défis posés par une société évoluant vers un individualisme accru ? Comment mieux financer les soins primaires ? Quelle est la responsabilité des soins primaires, de la recherche et de l'enseignement dans la résilience de l’individu ou du groupe (y compris l'autogestion, l'autonomisation, etc.) ? 4. Nouveaux rôles et nouveaux accords en matière de soins primaires Innovations (sociales) dans les soins primaires (p. ex. développement des équipes multidisciplinaires), création de liens et de partenariats, nouveaux rôles et fonctions dans la pratique (p.ex. case managers, référents de proximité)... et leur valeur ajoutée au système de soins? L'équipe organisatrice et scientifique est convaincue que cette conférence comble en partie un vide existant dans les connaissances de la première ligne belge et vous souhaitons deux journées aussi agréables qu'inspirantes.

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    Polyfluorenes are polymers with outstanding properties: They are semi-conducting, relatively rigid, quite stable chemically and thermally, easily substituted and therefore potentially soluble in numerous solvents and more importantly, they exhibit blue electro- and photoluminescence. For all these reasons, these polymers are the subjects of numerous academic and industrial researches.The first subject of this work deal with the design, the synthesis and the characterisation of polyfluorenes end-capped with perylene dicarboximide derivatives. These perylene moieties are able to interact by energy transfer under specific conditions of illumination, proximity and orientation. Their observation by single molecule spectroscopy permitted therefore to gain valuable information concerning the three-dimensional folding of single polyfluorene chains. To complete this study, the synthesis and characterisation of a perylene end-capped trimer of fluorene was performed. This structure being monodisperse, a finer analysis of the energy-transfer occurring between both perylene dyes could be accomplished, which confirmed the structural hypothesis made for the polymer. During these studies, it has been observed that, in addition to the energy transfer occurring between both perylene derivatives, another energy transfer occurs between the polyfluorene backbone and the perylene derivatives upon excitation of the first. This led to the idea of the synthesis of a polyfluorene bearing perylenes dicarboximide as side chains. This perylene-rich polyfluorene has been used to build a photovoltaic cell efficient in the wavelengths of both polyfluorene absorption and perylene carboximide absorption. Another subject of this work was the design, synthesis and characterisation of polyfluorenes bearing bulky phenoxy groups as side-chains. These polymers, due to their lower tendency toward aggregation, exhibited a better stability of their emission colour upon annealing. Similarly, a series of homo- and copolymers of fluorene bearing bulky and hole accepting triphenylamine substituants was synthesised and characterised. In addition to their improved colour stability in comparison with dialkylpolyfluorenes, the LEDs build with these materials exhibited a very low turn on voltage. Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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    Authors: Lavrysen, Luc;
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    Authors: Adeline Fayolle; Jean-Joël Loumeto; Jean-Louis Doucet; Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou; +2 Authors

    Introduction. Quantifier les stocks de biomasse et de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales est devenu une priorité internationale dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du mécanisme REDD+. La biomasse forestière est estimée à trois échelles spatiales successives : l’arbre, le peuplement et la région. Cet article propose une synthèse des connaissances sur l’estimation de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales africaines. Littérature. Cette synthèse bibliographique démontre que peu d’équations allométriques, équations qui permettent d’estimer la biomasse de l’arbre à partir de mesures non destructives (diamètre, hauteur), ont été établies pour les forêts tropicales africaines. Au niveau du peuplement, cette synthèse met en exergue les variations spatiales et temporelles connues de la biomasse entre les types de forêts d’Afrique tropicale. Si la reconstitution de la biomasse après une perturbation (l’exploitation forestière, par exemple) est relativement rapide, il existe encore beaucoup d’incertitudes sur les variations spatiales de la biomasse et il n’y a pas de consensus sur une cartographie régionale de la biomasse. La qualité de la cartographie de la biomasse dépend fortement des différents capteurs utilisés (optique, RADAR ou LiDAR) et de l’équation allométrique utilisée pour convertir les données d’inventaires forestiers en biomasse. Conclusions. Considérant le manque de précision des équations allométriques disponibles et des données d’inventaires forestiers à large échelle spatiale, il y a encore beaucoup d’incertitudes sur les estimations de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales africaines.

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    Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
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    Authors: Srairi, Mohamed Taher; Chatellier, Vincent; Corniaux, Christian; Faye, Bernard; +5 Authors

    La filière laitière occupe une place importante à l’échelle mondiale, en termes de contribution à l’occupation des surfaces agricoles, aux emplois et à la création de richesse. La production laitière, qui résulte de modèles productifs très variés d’un pays à l’autre et qui relève d’espèces animales aux caractéristiques différentes, a considérablement augmenté au cours des dernières décennies. Le développement futur de la production laitière est soumis à différentes contraintes qui interrogent sur les voies à privilégier dans une optique de durabilité. Dans ce cadre, la première partie de cet article présente la dynamique du secteur laitier, en termes de consommation et de production, et ce, pour différentes grandes zones géographiques ; la seconde traite de la durabilité du secteur laitier, principalement dans les pays en développement, au travers d’une sélection de trois thèmes : la dimension sociale (souvent oubliée) et la nécessité d’intégrer les questions de genre ; l’usage durable des ressources hydriques en l’illustrant au travers de deux situations contrastées, celle du Maroc et de l’Inde ; la biodiversité et l’importance de la contribution des laits non bovins au développement local. La troisième partie rappelle que les échanges internationaux permettent, pour de nombreux pays déficitaires en lait, de satisfaire la demande intérieure. The dairy sector occupies an important place worldwide, in terms of contribution to agricultural land use, jobs and wealth creation. Dairy production results from varied production models from one country to another and is based on animal species with different characteristics. It has increased dramatically in recent decades. The future development of milk production is subject to various constraints that question the best ways of achieving sustainability. In this context, the first part of this article presents the dynamics of the dairy sector in terms of consumption and production in various major geographical areas. The second part deals with the sustainability of the dairy sector, mainly in developing countries, through a selection of three themes: i- the social dimension (often forgotten) and the need to mainstream gender issues; ii- the sustainable use of water resources in Morocco and India, chosen to illustrate two contrasting situations; iii- biodiversity and the essential contribution of non-bovine milks to local development. The third part recalls that international trade exchanges make it possible for many countries with a deficit in milk to meet domestic demand.

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    HAL INRAE
    Review . 2019
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  • Journal Article ; SCOPUS: ar.j ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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    Authors: Galvez Carrillo, Manuel Ricardo;

    Among the renewable energies, wind energy presents the highest growth in installed capacity and penetration in modern power systems. This is why reliability of wind turbines becomes an important topic in research and industry. To this end, condition monitoring (or health monitoring) systems are needed for wind turbines. The core of any condition monitoring system (CMS) are fault diagnosis algorithms whose task is to provide early warnings upon the occurrence of incipient (small magnitude) faults. Thanks to the use of CMS we can avoid premature breakdowns and reduce significatively maintenance costs.The present thesis deals with fault diagnosis in sensors of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind turbine (WT) applications. In particular we are interested in performing fault detection and isolation (FDI) of incipient faults affecting the measurements of the three-phase signals (currents and voltages) in a controlled DFIG. Although different authors have dealt with FDI for sensors in induction machines and in DFIGs, most of them rely on the machine model withconstant parameters. However, the parameter uncertainties due to changes in the operating conditions will produce degradation in the performance of such FDI systems.In this work we propose a systematic methodology for the design of sensor FDI systems with the following characteristics: i) capable of detecting and isolating incipient additive (bias, drifts) and multiplicative (changes in the sensorgain) faults, ii) robust against changes in the references/disturbances affecting the controlled DFIG as well as modelling/parametric uncertainties, iii) residual generation system based on a multi-observer strategy to enhance the isolation process, iv) decision system based on statistical-change detection algorithms to treat the entire residual and perform fault detection and isolation at once.Three novel sensor FDI approaches are proposed. The first is a signal-based approach, that uses the model of the balanced three-phase signals (currents or voltages) for residual generation purposes. The second is a model-based approachthat accounts for variation in the parameters. Finally, a third approach that combines the benefits of both the signal- and the model-based approaches is proposed. The designed sensor FDI systems have been validated using measured voltages, as well as simulated data from a controlled DFIG and a speed-controlled inductionmotor. In addition, in this work we propose a discrete-time multiple input multiple output (MIMO) regulator for each power converter, namely for the rotor side converter (RSC) and for the grid side converter (GSC). In particular, for RSCcontrol, we propose a modified feedback linearization technique to obtain a linear time invariant (LTI) model dynamics for the compensated DFIG. The novelty of this approach is that the compensation does not depend on highly uncertain parameters such as the rotor resistance. For GSC control, a LTI model dynamicsis derived using the ideas behind feedback linearization. The obtained LTI model dynamics are used to design Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) regulators. A single design is needed for all the possible operating conditions. Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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    DI-fusion
    Doctoral thesis . 2011
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    DI-fusion
    Doctoral thesis . 2011
    Data sources: DI-fusion
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      DI-fusion
      Doctoral thesis . 2011
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      DI-fusion
      Doctoral thesis . 2011
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    Authors: Braga da Graça Renteria, Natália;

    The subject of this thesis is the study of the concept of international transfers of green technologies within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The study focuses on the analysis of the evolution of the technology transfer (TT) concept: starting from a model of development aid in the New International Economic Order (NIEO) doctrine, the demand for a true technology transfer has undergone a long evolution in climate governance – including the adoption of a unprecedent Technology Mechanism within the UNFCCC – before getting to the theory of National Innovation Systems (NIS), according to which the states become the real drivers of technological transformation. This evolution corresponds to a contemporary view of the transfers phenomenon. The text is therefore split into three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the study of the history of the concept of TT since its appearance at the time of the NIEO movement until its transposition to the environmental sphere. The second chapter examines the paradigm transformation operated within the Climate Convention: starting from an exogenous approach, with technology landing in the South countries, the subject TT moves to an endogenous movement of structuring and strengthening of NIS. The third chapter presents a practical study of the arrival of green technology in Brazil, based on statistical data. This has provided important information about the concrete reality of technology transfer to a developing country. Finally, the text concludes with the idea that after the movement for a NIEO, based on the right to development, and multilateral environmental agreements, based on the principles of sustainable development and common but differentiated responsibilities, the NIS doctrine, anchored in the innovation law, seems to have taken the lead in guiding discussions on green technologies transfers. Le sujet de cette thèse est l’étude du concept de transferts internationaux de ‘technologies écologiquement rationnelles’ (TER) dans le cadre de la Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC). L’étude se consacre à analyser l’évolution du concept sur le transfert de technologies (TT) : partant du modèle de développement ‘assistancialiste’ de la doctrine du Nouvel Ordre Économique International (NOEI), la demande pour un véritable transfert technologique a connu une longue évolution au sein de la gouvernance climatique – y compris avec l’adoption d’un inédit Mécanisme Technologique au sein de la CCNUCC - avant d’aboutir à la théorie des Systèmes Nationaux d’Innovation (SNI), selon laquelle les États nationaux deviennent les véritables moteurs de la transformation technologique. Cette évolution correspond à une vision contemporaine du phénomène des transferts. Le texte est ainsi réparti en trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre est consacré à l’étude de l’histoire du concept de TT depuis son apparition à l’époque du mouvement du NOEI jusqu’au moment où il a été transposé vers la sphère environnementale. Le deuxième chapitre étudie la transformation de paradigme opéré au sein de la Convention Climat : d’un approche exogène de départ, avec le débarquement de la technologie dans les pays du Sud, le sujet TT passe à un mouvement endogène de structuration et de renforcement des SNI. Le troisième chapitre présente une étude pratique de l’arrivée des nouvelles TER au Brésil, sur base de données statistiques. Cela a fourni des éléments importants sur la réalité concrète du transfert de technologie vers un pays en développement. Finalement le texte conclue avec l’idée qu’après le mouvement en faveur d’un NOEI, fondé sur le droit au développement, et les Accords Environnementaux Multilatéraux, fondés sur les principes du développement durable et des responsabilités communes mais différenciées, la doctrine des SNI, ancrée sur le droit de l’innovation, semble avoir pris le dessus pour guider les discussions sur les transferts des TER. (DROI - Sciences juridiques) -- UCL, 2018

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    Authors: Van Moeseke, Geoffrey;

    If architecture is to make sustainable development possible, the answer to the energy question in buildings cannot be limited to the application of constructive standards. Those standards need to be contextualised and accompanied by a comprehensive approach of sustainability. In this context, this thesis confronts the energy topic with its own complexity and its relations with the other dimensions of architecture. Specifically, this thesis proposes four sets of original developments: 1/ a critic of today's leading energy standards in buildings (e.g. Passivhaus and net zero-energy buildings), pointing both their ambition and their focus on the notion of performance; 2/ an identification and overruling of doctrinal rules still used in the field; 3/the opening of research and design leads, including the redefinition of comfort in an ecoumenal approach; 4/ the proposition of a design process based on the notion of risk management and the principle of shared responsibility. Through those developments, this thesis offers an approach of energy quality that attributes to it the properties of a "projet", meaning exemplarity (the look for an ideal), design (combination of conception and production) and stakeholders logic. This connection with the concept of “projet” demonstrates the ability of the energy topic to question the fundamental of architecture: creating places consistence with specific way of life. Si l'on souhaite faire de l'architecture un vecteur de développement soutenable, la réponse à la question énergétique ne peut se limiter à l'application de standards constructifs. Il est nécessaire de contextualiser ces standards et de les compléter d'une approche cohérente avec l'ampleur de l'objectif de soutenabilité. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse place la question énergétique face à sa propre complexité et à ses relations avec les autres dimensions de l'architecture. En particulier, elle propose quatre ensembles de développements originaux : 1/ une critique des démarches actuelles (Passivhaus et bâtiments net zéro-énergie), dénonçant leur limitation à l'idée performance, tout en justifiant leur ambition ; 2/ une identification et un dépassement de règles doctrinales encore présentes dans le domaine ; 3/ l'ouverture de pistes de recherche et de conception, notamment par la mise en perspective de la notion de confort dans une approche écouménale ; 4/ la proposition d'un processus de conception centré sur l'idée de gestion du risque et le principe de responsabilité partagée. Par ces développements, cette thèse propose une approche de la qualité énergétique qui lui attribue les propriétés d'une démarche de projet, à savoir exemplarité (définition d'un idéal), opérativité (association de la conception et de la réalisation) et pronominalisation (identification d'une logique d'acteurs). Ce lien avec la notion de projet démontre la capacité de la question énergétique à interroger l'objet fondamental de l'architecture : la création de lieux correspondant à une certaine façon d'être au monde. (FSA 3) -- UCL, 2013

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