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  • Authors: Mesquita, Rafael Pimenta;

    Eletrobras ; Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG ; Em sistemas de bombeamento, a vazão solicitada à bomba nem sempre é constante, normalmente as bombas operam em rotação constante e para obter a variação da vazão, utilizam-se válvulas de estrangulamento na saída. Outro método utilizado é controlar a velocidade do motor através de inversores de freqüência, pois, a variação da vazão é diretamente proporcional à rotação do motor, proporcionando uma maior facilidade de controle e economia de energia, porém, interferindo na qualidade de energia elétrica. Neste contexto, a finalidade deste trabalho foi a comparação do consumo de energia elétrica para dois tipos de controle de vazão em sistemas de bombeamento: por válvula de estrangulamento ou por inversor de freqüência para dois tipos de motores: padrão e de alto rendimento. Comprovou-se que a simples troca de um motor padrão por um motor de alto rendimento gera uma redução de consumo de energia elétrica entre 32,45% a 33,42%, no caso estudado. A substituição do controle de vazão, da válvula de estrangulamento para o controle pelo inversor de freqüência trouxe uma economia de energia elétrica entre 47,18% a 52,22% em determinadas faixas. A substituição do controle de vazão pela válvula e motor padrão para o controle de vazão pelo inversor e motor de alto rendimento gerou uma economia de 67,03%. Para avaliar a influência dos programas de eficiência energética na qualidade da energia foram mensurados valores do fator de potência e dos níveis de distorção harmônica total de corrente e de tensão gerados através de três tipos de acionamento do motor trifásico: partida direta, partida suave e partida com inversor de freqüência, comparando-os com valores da norma brasileira (ANEEL) e de norma internacional (IEC). ; In pumping systems the flow requested of the pump is not always constant, normally the pumps operate in constant rotation and bottleneck valves are used in order to obtain the flow variation. Controlling the motor speed through variable frequency drives is ...

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  • Authors: Ketzer, Felipe;

    This work proposes the use of USY zeolite activated with tungsten oxide in the esterification of oleic acid with methyl acetate. Tunguistic acid was synthesized trought the acid treatment of sodium tungstate and was used as a precursor. The characterization of the catalysts showed that the general structure of the zeolite was maintained after impregnation. However, the acidity profile of WO3/USY zeolites has been highly altered, where the strong Brønsted acid sites of the original zeolite have been blocked by tungsten oxide, allowing the reagents to have been accessed to the new Lewis acid sites and hydrogen bonds. The change of adsorption mechanism favored the conversion of oleic acid to methyl oleate. The first-order reversible pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model was able to represent the experimental data catalyzed by the USY zeolite, since the heterogeneous models (ER and LH) were classified as overparameterized and were disregarded. Kinetic and thermodynamic modeling showed that the reaction is endothermic, with change in enthalpy of 59.83 kJ mol−1 and activation energy of 41.77 kJ mol−1. The proposal of a novel kinetic model considering the active sites of the WO3/USY catalyst shown a good fit to the experimental data of the reaction catalyzed by different catalysts. The Brønsted acidic sites of the USY zeolite and the weak acidic sites of the WO3/USY zeolite showed great importance in the esterification reaction. The zeolites activated by ultrasonic method showed the greatest conversions in methyl esters. The 10% WO3/USY US catalyst presented the best performance, converting 87% of oleic acid to methyl oleate after 3 hours of reaction, at 240 °C, with a ratio of oleic acid and methyl acetate of 1:10 and 10% (w/w) of catalyst. The use of WO3/USY zeolite shows a viable and effective catalyst to esterification of oleic acid with methyl acetate, which is in accordance to prospects of free-glycerol biodiesel production. ; Este trabalho propõe a utilização de zeólita USY ativada com óxido de tungstênio na reação de ...

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  • Authors: Ramiro, Camile Amanda Fernandez;

    Orientador: Joel Gustavo Teleken ; Monografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Curso de Graduação em Tecnologia Biocombustíveis

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Marcondes, Leandro Oliveira;

    This dissertation aims to outline the profile of the biophysical trade balance of Brazil and the Brazilian regions between 1997 and 2019 and to analyze them in the Latin American neoextractive context, with emphasis on the socio-environmental impacts of this development process. The methodological tool of sociometabolism is used, that is, counting the flows of matter and energy (Material and Energy Flow Analysis - MEFA). Biophysical exports and imports were divided by product categories (biomass, metallic ores, non-metallic minerals, fossil fuels and other products) and by aggregate factor (basic, manufactured and semimanufactured). The results show that Brazil is characterized by biophysical exports of metal ore products (North and Southeast) and biomass products (Northeast, Midwest and South) with a low level of technological sophistication (basic); and for imports of fossil fuel products (North, Northeast and South) and non-metallic minerals (Midwest and South). Imports, in general, consist of industrialized products, with manufactured products standing out in comparison to semimanufactured products. Brazil also has a deficient biophysical trade balance (MX), sending an amount of 7.7 billion tons of materials more than it received in the accumulated period between 1997 and 2019, with 517.2 million tons in the year alone. 2019. The products that drove this biophysical deficit were metallic ores and biomass products. On the other hand, the only region that presented a surplus in the biophysical trade balance was the Northeast, where imports of fossil fuels had a relevant weight. It is also inferred that, in general, there was a drop in the intensity of matter and energy (IME) of exports and imports, indicating the existence of decoupling. However, it was possible to notice that the decoupling occurred in imports surpassed that verified for exports, reinforcing the evidence that Brazil has a negative insertion in international trade, since the increase in the ecological efficiency of the exported products ...

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade Federal...arrow_drop_down
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  • Authors: Sousa, Evelin Eugênia UNIFESP;

    O presente estudo tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um projeto para melhoria de questões ambientais no ambiente do município de Guarujá. Guarujá é uma cidade litorânea, localizada no litoral centro do estado de São Paulo, a 82 quilômetros da capital paulista. Dentro do município está inserido o distrito de Vicente de Carvalho, região com grande aglomeração urbana e diretamente afetada pelas atividades portuárias do Porto de Santos, o maior complexo portuário da América Latina e que atende atualmente pela movimentação de quase um terço das trocas comerciais brasileiras. Um dos principais produtos movimentados no Porto são os granéis sólidos. O complexo tem uma capacidade de armazenamento de aproximadamente 2,5 milhões de toneladas. Isso faz com que a movimentação desse tipo de carga no porto e por consequência na região de Vicente de Carvalho e a cidade de Guarujá seja muito grande, principalmente através do transporte rodoviário e ferroviário. O trabalho se propõe a levantar os impactos ambientais gerados a partir da movimentação e acondicionamento de granéis sólidos e criar um protótipo de um bueiro sustentável para trazer como solução para os impactos que são gerados principalmente nos corpos hídricos da região. Além disso, busca diminuir os impactos gerados com lixo comum e entender os impactos sociais que podem ocorrer no local e como podemos trazer uma solução também nesse âmbito. O estudo analisou a quantidade e caracterização do lixo nos bueiros de vias com maior movimentação dos principais modais de transporte estudados e utilizar do protótipo e dados levantados para criar projeto para empresas locais implementarem essa solução nos terminais portuários, diminuindo assim muitos impactos conhecidos atualmente. ; This study aims to develop a project to improve environmental issues in the environment of the city of Guarujá. Guarujá is a coastal city, located on the central coast of the state of São Paulo and located 82 kilometers from the capital of São Paulo. The district of Vicente de Carvalho is ...

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  • Authors: Guerreiro, Haroldo de Almeida;

    In this project we studied the porous anodic alumina as a possible application in gas sensors with high sensitivity. Initially we seek a configuration of anodic porous alumina (PA) and the type of gas or vapor in which both matched with great sensitivity by observing the photoluminescence of this material. Furthermore we sought to understand the mechanism of detecting the substance to a broader reach and optimizing the use of alumina sensor. A manufacturing already well tested with oxalic acid, only changing the anodization time for the same voltage or current density, was adopted for a small variation of samples with good ordering. Samples were also produced with and without pore opening. The optical properties of the porous film thus obtained were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) emitted perpendicularly to these pores, while the film was subjected to a controlled atmosphere of vapor of ethanol or methanol. The control parameters of temperature and vapor concentration was possible by the construction and use of a thermostated cell adapted to a spectrofluorimeter. The spectrum of each sample was monitored with time since deposition of alcohols in the cell was made with micro-syringe into the liquid phase and then evaporate. This perpendicular direction of luminescence emission of alumina allowed the oscillation of the already known PL presents peaks with much more defined and so much more resolution for changes in wavelength. Furthermore, it expressed the presence of the TE and TM modes separately in luminescence for some samples made at a higher concentration of oxalic acid in the electrolyte. The sensitivity to ethanol vapor for this PL technique allows detection of ethanol concentrations much smaller than the other until now achieved by using porous silicon. Based on studies about the source of the luminescence of the material and the construction of the interference pattern produced by the film type Fabry-Perot, a hypothesis was constructed for the modification of luminescence by ethanol vapor. ...

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  • Authors: Silva, Regina Aparecida da;

    xuberant landscape, identities that are at the mercy of the historical indifference and of the hegemonic economy of the agribusiness that advances over the so‐called empty spaces are hidden. In these different environments, a rich cultural mosaic of interacting identities, that many times, are invisible or barely known coexist. With this pseudo‐invisibility, many social groups are not being attended in the elaboration of public policies. An example of this can be noticed in the policies that aim at the territorial management of the State, such as the Ecological Socioeconomic Zoning Project of Mato Grosso that did not support the different social groups that form the mato‐grossense landscape. In the attempt to overcome this fragility and give visibility to this beautiful cultural mosaic, we started in 2008, a daring proposal of building the Mapping of identities and territories of the State of MT , proposed and carried out by the leadership of the Research Group in Environmental Education, Communication and Arts (GPEA) of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) with the important contribution of several partners. Enrolled in this project, we assumed the commitment of performing the mapping of the social groups of MT, with the aim of identifying and registering the identities of resistance. Based on the triad inhabitants-habits-habitats, we sought to understand the identity of the mapped social groups, their different rationalities and ways of life that limit the characteristics of their territories in an intrinsic relationship between culture and nature. Besides, we seek to understand how the identities of these groups are constructed, destroyed and re‐constructed due to the alterations in the habitats. In this trajectory, we elaborated a methodology called Social Map that used the narratives of the representatives of several social groups, aiming at understanding the essence of the identities that build different meanings and act in the different mato‐grossense biomes. Two seminars of Social Mapping with ...

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  • Authors: Medeiros, Susane Eterna Leite;

    The purpose of this work was to understand the dynamics of climate evolution inherent to the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion, in order to verify the effects of its changes on the potential of electricity production by renewable sources, in particular solar photovoltaic and hydraulic, since these depend on natural resources that may be influenced by climatic conditions. The Sertão Paraibano mesoregion has social, economic and environmental relevance because it contains the state's largest water complex, Coremas-Mãe D'água, used for both the population supply and irrigation and electricity generation by a Small Hydroelectric Plant (SHP). In the study of trends with precipitation data, five meteorological stations were used. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied to the monthly, quarterly, half-yearly and annual data series for each station. The results indicated a significant tendency of increase for precipitation, observed in four of the five meteorological stations, especially in the annual evaluation, with increments between 2.67 mm/year and 5.45 mm/year. Given the scarcity of meteorological stations with temperature data, data estimated by the Estima_T program for seven localities and data available in two stations maintained by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were used. A low dispersion of the data was obtained in relation to the annual average values, thus, low variability, with the average annual air temperature being between 21.9 ºC (in Teixeira) and 27.8 ºC (in Patos), as expected for regions of semi-arid climate of the Brazilian Northeast. In addition, significant increase trends were observed for mean air temperature in all locations, ranging from 0.008 °C/year to 0.011 °C/year. In view of these climatic changes observed for the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion, it was sought to verify its influence on the potential of energy generation by renewable sources, analyzing the relation between precipitation and the average tributaries and the generation of electricity by the SHP of Coremas. ...

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  • Authors: Novo, Leonardo Finardi UNIFESP;

    O volume de trabalho envolvido em um porto de contêineres depende da quantidade destes em trânsito, influenciando diretamente na complexidade de decisões para gestão de operações, tornando ferramentas de simulação valiosas para tomadas de decisão. O uso de simuladores em operações portuárias pode ser encontrado em vários seguimentos deste setor, e para diferentes objetivos de aplicação, desde avaliação de alternativas de carregamento, políticas de armazenamento, como capacitação de operadores de máquinas. Portanto, o uso de simuladores, em tempo real, na qualificação de operadores de guindastes e pórticos portuários, através da análise de indicadores quantitativos representa um procedimento de grande relevância para o setor. Desta forma, para o desenvolvimente da pesquisa foi utilizado um simulador multicanal, onde potenciais operadores foram treinados em interfaces de máquinas portuárias, Reach Stacker; Rubber Tired Gantry; Ship To Shore, das quais podem ser coletados dados que representam as horas operacionais, o consumo de energia, a emissão de CO², as colisões de maior e menor gravidade, e as medidas de produtividade em movimentos por hora. Os dados representam indicadores quantitativos gerados por relatório de operações executadas por alunos e que demonstram ao instrutor o desempenho individual de cada treinamento. Logo, este projeto apresenta argumentos para que os atores portuários busquem por melhorias através de novas tecnologias de simulação, pois o tema tem forte relevância e impacto no cenário atual, uma vez que muitos portos e terminais visam aumentar sua produtividade, ao mesmo tempo em almejam redução do consumo de energia e, consequentemente, redução das emissões de poluentes, tornando-se mais sustentáveis. ; The volume of work involved in a container port depends on the quantity of containers in transit, directly influencing the complexity of decisions for operations management, making simulation tools valuable for decision making. The use of simulators in port operations can be found in several ...

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  • Authors: Mocheuti, Lucas Ferreira;

    Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Biomateriais e Bioprocessos (Mestrado Profissional) - FCFAR ; A etapa do processo de produção de etanol que contém o maior percentual de perdas é durante a fermentação alcoólica. A maior parte dessas perdas é proveniente da contaminação por bactérias, em especial as Gram + que compõem 76% do total das bactérias encontradas durante o processo fermentativo. Essas bactérias além de competir com a levedura no consumo dos açucares, produzem substâncias (ácidos orgânicos e gomas) que inibem a levedura na produção do etanol. Além da diminuição do rendimento fermentativo, essa contaminação causa também um aumento no consumo de produtos, como biocidas, antibióticos e antiespumantes. Atualmente os produtos utilizados na descontaminação do processo fermentativo são substâncias químicas que agem como antimicrobianos e biocidas, mas deixam residual na levedura, restringindo sua comercialização como ração animal, na forma de levedura seca. Além disso, também pode contaminar a vinhaça, lançada na lavoura como fertiirrigação. Como alternativa, o uso de substâncias naturais vem sendo empregado como descontaminantes nas etapas de produção de etanol. Porém a eficácia destas substâncias não é satisfatória devido ao seu custo impeditivo para uso em larga escala e sua falta de eficácia diante um amplo espectro de bactérias contaminantes no processo fermentativo industrial. Os testes de concentração inibitória mínima e os ensaios fermentativos realizados mostraram o galato de propila não apresentou resultados favoráveis ao seu uso como descontaminante no processo fermentativo. Já o galato de etila apresentou bons resultados em fermentações em bancada, mas a alta concentração que ele demanda em comparação com antimicrobianos comerciais ainda é um fator impeditivo ao seu uso em larga escala. ; The stage of the ethanol production process that contains the highest percentage of losses is during alcoholic fermentation. Most of these losses come from contamination by bacteria, especially Gram + which add up ...

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  • Authors: Mesquita, Rafael Pimenta;

    Eletrobras ; Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG ; Em sistemas de bombeamento, a vazão solicitada à bomba nem sempre é constante, normalmente as bombas operam em rotação constante e para obter a variação da vazão, utilizam-se válvulas de estrangulamento na saída. Outro método utilizado é controlar a velocidade do motor através de inversores de freqüência, pois, a variação da vazão é diretamente proporcional à rotação do motor, proporcionando uma maior facilidade de controle e economia de energia, porém, interferindo na qualidade de energia elétrica. Neste contexto, a finalidade deste trabalho foi a comparação do consumo de energia elétrica para dois tipos de controle de vazão em sistemas de bombeamento: por válvula de estrangulamento ou por inversor de freqüência para dois tipos de motores: padrão e de alto rendimento. Comprovou-se que a simples troca de um motor padrão por um motor de alto rendimento gera uma redução de consumo de energia elétrica entre 32,45% a 33,42%, no caso estudado. A substituição do controle de vazão, da válvula de estrangulamento para o controle pelo inversor de freqüência trouxe uma economia de energia elétrica entre 47,18% a 52,22% em determinadas faixas. A substituição do controle de vazão pela válvula e motor padrão para o controle de vazão pelo inversor e motor de alto rendimento gerou uma economia de 67,03%. Para avaliar a influência dos programas de eficiência energética na qualidade da energia foram mensurados valores do fator de potência e dos níveis de distorção harmônica total de corrente e de tensão gerados através de três tipos de acionamento do motor trifásico: partida direta, partida suave e partida com inversor de freqüência, comparando-os com valores da norma brasileira (ANEEL) e de norma internacional (IEC). ; In pumping systems the flow requested of the pump is not always constant, normally the pumps operate in constant rotation and bottleneck valves are used in order to obtain the flow variation. Controlling the motor speed through variable frequency drives is ...

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  • Authors: Ketzer, Felipe;

    This work proposes the use of USY zeolite activated with tungsten oxide in the esterification of oleic acid with methyl acetate. Tunguistic acid was synthesized trought the acid treatment of sodium tungstate and was used as a precursor. The characterization of the catalysts showed that the general structure of the zeolite was maintained after impregnation. However, the acidity profile of WO3/USY zeolites has been highly altered, where the strong Brønsted acid sites of the original zeolite have been blocked by tungsten oxide, allowing the reagents to have been accessed to the new Lewis acid sites and hydrogen bonds. The change of adsorption mechanism favored the conversion of oleic acid to methyl oleate. The first-order reversible pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model was able to represent the experimental data catalyzed by the USY zeolite, since the heterogeneous models (ER and LH) were classified as overparameterized and were disregarded. Kinetic and thermodynamic modeling showed that the reaction is endothermic, with change in enthalpy of 59.83 kJ mol−1 and activation energy of 41.77 kJ mol−1. The proposal of a novel kinetic model considering the active sites of the WO3/USY catalyst shown a good fit to the experimental data of the reaction catalyzed by different catalysts. The Brønsted acidic sites of the USY zeolite and the weak acidic sites of the WO3/USY zeolite showed great importance in the esterification reaction. The zeolites activated by ultrasonic method showed the greatest conversions in methyl esters. The 10% WO3/USY US catalyst presented the best performance, converting 87% of oleic acid to methyl oleate after 3 hours of reaction, at 240 °C, with a ratio of oleic acid and methyl acetate of 1:10 and 10% (w/w) of catalyst. The use of WO3/USY zeolite shows a viable and effective catalyst to esterification of oleic acid with methyl acetate, which is in accordance to prospects of free-glycerol biodiesel production. ; Este trabalho propõe a utilização de zeólita USY ativada com óxido de tungstênio na reação de ...

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  • Authors: Ramiro, Camile Amanda Fernandez;

    Orientador: Joel Gustavo Teleken ; Monografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Curso de Graduação em Tecnologia Biocombustíveis

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Marcondes, Leandro Oliveira;

    This dissertation aims to outline the profile of the biophysical trade balance of Brazil and the Brazilian regions between 1997 and 2019 and to analyze them in the Latin American neoextractive context, with emphasis on the socio-environmental impacts of this development process. The methodological tool of sociometabolism is used, that is, counting the flows of matter and energy (Material and Energy Flow Analysis - MEFA). Biophysical exports and imports were divided by product categories (biomass, metallic ores, non-metallic minerals, fossil fuels and other products) and by aggregate factor (basic, manufactured and semimanufactured). The results show that Brazil is characterized by biophysical exports of metal ore products (North and Southeast) and biomass products (Northeast, Midwest and South) with a low level of technological sophistication (basic); and for imports of fossil fuel products (North, Northeast and South) and non-metallic minerals (Midwest and South). Imports, in general, consist of industrialized products, with manufactured products standing out in comparison to semimanufactured products. Brazil also has a deficient biophysical trade balance (MX), sending an amount of 7.7 billion tons of materials more than it received in the accumulated period between 1997 and 2019, with 517.2 million tons in the year alone. 2019. The products that drove this biophysical deficit were metallic ores and biomass products. On the other hand, the only region that presented a surplus in the biophysical trade balance was the Northeast, where imports of fossil fuels had a relevant weight. It is also inferred that, in general, there was a drop in the intensity of matter and energy (IME) of exports and imports, indicating the existence of decoupling. However, it was possible to notice that the decoupling occurred in imports surpassed that verified for exports, reinforcing the evidence that Brazil has a negative insertion in international trade, since the increase in the ecological efficiency of the exported products ...

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  • Authors: Sousa, Evelin Eugênia UNIFESP;

    O presente estudo tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um projeto para melhoria de questões ambientais no ambiente do município de Guarujá. Guarujá é uma cidade litorânea, localizada no litoral centro do estado de São Paulo, a 82 quilômetros da capital paulista. Dentro do município está inserido o distrito de Vicente de Carvalho, região com grande aglomeração urbana e diretamente afetada pelas atividades portuárias do Porto de Santos, o maior complexo portuário da América Latina e que atende atualmente pela movimentação de quase um terço das trocas comerciais brasileiras. Um dos principais produtos movimentados no Porto são os granéis sólidos. O complexo tem uma capacidade de armazenamento de aproximadamente 2,5 milhões de toneladas. Isso faz com que a movimentação desse tipo de carga no porto e por consequência na região de Vicente de Carvalho e a cidade de Guarujá seja muito grande, principalmente através do transporte rodoviário e ferroviário. O trabalho se propõe a levantar os impactos ambientais gerados a partir da movimentação e acondicionamento de granéis sólidos e criar um protótipo de um bueiro sustentável para trazer como solução para os impactos que são gerados principalmente nos corpos hídricos da região. Além disso, busca diminuir os impactos gerados com lixo comum e entender os impactos sociais que podem ocorrer no local e como podemos trazer uma solução também nesse âmbito. O estudo analisou a quantidade e caracterização do lixo nos bueiros de vias com maior movimentação dos principais modais de transporte estudados e utilizar do protótipo e dados levantados para criar projeto para empresas locais implementarem essa solução nos terminais portuários, diminuindo assim muitos impactos conhecidos atualmente. ; This study aims to develop a project to improve environmental issues in the environment of the city of Guarujá. Guarujá is a coastal city, located on the central coast of the state of São Paulo and located 82 kilometers from the capital of São Paulo. The district of Vicente de Carvalho is ...

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  • Authors: Guerreiro, Haroldo de Almeida;

    In this project we studied the porous anodic alumina as a possible application in gas sensors with high sensitivity. Initially we seek a configuration of anodic porous alumina (PA) and the type of gas or vapor in which both matched with great sensitivity by observing the photoluminescence of this material. Furthermore we sought to understand the mechanism of detecting the substance to a broader reach and optimizing the use of alumina sensor. A manufacturing already well tested with oxalic acid, only changing the anodization time for the same voltage or current density, was adopted for a small variation of samples with good ordering. Samples were also produced with and without pore opening. The optical properties of the porous film thus obtained were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) emitted perpendicularly to these pores, while the film was subjected to a controlled atmosphere of vapor of ethanol or methanol. The control parameters of temperature and vapor concentration was possible by the construction and use of a thermostated cell adapted to a spectrofluorimeter. The spectrum of each sample was monitored with time since deposition of alcohols in the cell was made with micro-syringe into the liquid phase and then evaporate. This perpendicular direction of luminescence emission of alumina allowed the oscillation of the already known PL presents peaks with much more defined and so much more resolution for changes in wavelength. Furthermore, it expressed the presence of the TE and TM modes separately in luminescence for some samples made at a higher concentration of oxalic acid in the electrolyte. The sensitivity to ethanol vapor for this PL technique allows detection of ethanol concentrations much smaller than the other until now achieved by using porous silicon. Based on studies about the source of the luminescence of the material and the construction of the interference pattern produced by the film type Fabry-Perot, a hypothesis was constructed for the modification of luminescence by ethanol vapor. ...

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  • Authors: Silva, Regina Aparecida da;

    xuberant landscape, identities that are at the mercy of the historical indifference and of the hegemonic economy of the agribusiness that advances over the so‐called empty spaces are hidden. In these different environments, a rich cultural mosaic of interacting identities, that many times, are invisible or barely known coexist. With this pseudo‐invisibility, many social groups are not being attended in the elaboration of public policies. An example of this can be noticed in the policies that aim at the territorial management of the State, such as the Ecological Socioeconomic Zoning Project of Mato Grosso that did not support the different social groups that form the mato‐grossense landscape. In the attempt to overcome this fragility and give visibility to this beautiful cultural mosaic, we started in 2008, a daring proposal of building the Mapping of identities and territories of the State of MT , proposed and carried out by the leadership of the Research Group in Environmental Education, Communication and Arts (GPEA) of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) with the important contribution of several partners. Enrolled in this project, we assumed the commitment of performing the mapping of the social groups of MT, with the aim of identifying and registering the identities of resistance. Based on the triad inhabitants-habits-habitats, we sought to understand the identity of the mapped social groups, their different rationalities and ways of life that limit the characteristics of their territories in an intrinsic relationship between culture and nature. Besides, we seek to understand how the identities of these groups are constructed, destroyed and re‐constructed due to the alterations in the habitats. In this trajectory, we elaborated a methodology called Social Map that used the narratives of the representatives of several social groups, aiming at understanding the essence of the identities that build different meanings and act in the different mato‐grossense biomes. Two seminars of Social Mapping with ...

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  • Authors: Medeiros, Susane Eterna Leite;

    The purpose of this work was to understand the dynamics of climate evolution inherent to the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion, in order to verify the effects of its changes on the potential of electricity production by renewable sources, in particular solar photovoltaic and hydraulic, since these depend on natural resources that may be influenced by climatic conditions. The Sertão Paraibano mesoregion has social, economic and environmental relevance because it contains the state's largest water complex, Coremas-Mãe D'água, used for both the population supply and irrigation and electricity generation by a Small Hydroelectric Plant (SHP). In the study of trends with precipitation data, five meteorological stations were used. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied to the monthly, quarterly, half-yearly and annual data series for each station. The results indicated a significant tendency of increase for precipitation, observed in four of the five meteorological stations, especially in the annual evaluation, with increments between 2.67 mm/year and 5.45 mm/year. Given the scarcity of meteorological stations with temperature data, data estimated by the Estima_T program for seven localities and data available in two stations maintained by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were used. A low dispersion of the data was obtained in relation to the annual average values, thus, low variability, with the average annual air temperature being between 21.9 ºC (in Teixeira) and 27.8 ºC (in Patos), as expected for regions of semi-arid climate of the Brazilian Northeast. In addition, significant increase trends were observed for mean air temperature in all locations, ranging from 0.008 °C/year to 0.011 °C/year. In view of these climatic changes observed for the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion, it was sought to verify its influence on the potential of energy generation by renewable sources, analyzing the relation between precipitation and the average tributaries and the generation of electricity by the SHP of Coremas. ...

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  • Authors: Novo, Leonardo Finardi UNIFESP;

    O volume de trabalho envolvido em um porto de contêineres depende da quantidade destes em trânsito, influenciando diretamente na complexidade de decisões para gestão de operações, tornando ferramentas de simulação valiosas para tomadas de decisão. O uso de simuladores em operações portuárias pode ser encontrado em vários seguimentos deste setor, e para diferentes objetivos de aplicação, desde avaliação de alternativas de carregamento, políticas de armazenamento, como capacitação de operadores de máquinas. Portanto, o uso de simuladores, em tempo real, na qualificação de operadores de guindastes e pórticos portuários, através da análise de indicadores quantitativos representa um procedimento de grande relevância para o setor. Desta forma, para o desenvolvimente da pesquisa foi utilizado um simulador multicanal, onde potenciais operadores foram treinados em interfaces de máquinas portuárias, Reach Stacker; Rubber Tired Gantry; Ship To Shore, das quais podem ser coletados dados que representam as horas operacionais, o consumo de energia, a emissão de CO², as colisões de maior e menor gravidade, e as medidas de produtividade em movimentos por hora. Os dados representam indicadores quantitativos gerados por relatório de operações executadas por alunos e que demonstram ao instrutor o desempenho individual de cada treinamento. Logo, este projeto apresenta argumentos para que os atores portuários busquem por melhorias através de novas tecnologias de simulação, pois o tema tem forte relevância e impacto no cenário atual, uma vez que muitos portos e terminais visam aumentar sua produtividade, ao mesmo tempo em almejam redução do consumo de energia e, consequentemente, redução das emissões de poluentes, tornando-se mais sustentáveis. ; The volume of work involved in a container port depends on the quantity of containers in transit, directly influencing the complexity of decisions for operations management, making simulation tools valuable for decision making. The use of simulators in port operations can be found in several ...

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  • Authors: Mocheuti, Lucas Ferreira;

    Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Biomateriais e Bioprocessos (Mestrado Profissional) - FCFAR ; A etapa do processo de produção de etanol que contém o maior percentual de perdas é durante a fermentação alcoólica. A maior parte dessas perdas é proveniente da contaminação por bactérias, em especial as Gram + que compõem 76% do total das bactérias encontradas durante o processo fermentativo. Essas bactérias além de competir com a levedura no consumo dos açucares, produzem substâncias (ácidos orgânicos e gomas) que inibem a levedura na produção do etanol. Além da diminuição do rendimento fermentativo, essa contaminação causa também um aumento no consumo de produtos, como biocidas, antibióticos e antiespumantes. Atualmente os produtos utilizados na descontaminação do processo fermentativo são substâncias químicas que agem como antimicrobianos e biocidas, mas deixam residual na levedura, restringindo sua comercialização como ração animal, na forma de levedura seca. Além disso, também pode contaminar a vinhaça, lançada na lavoura como fertiirrigação. Como alternativa, o uso de substâncias naturais vem sendo empregado como descontaminantes nas etapas de produção de etanol. Porém a eficácia destas substâncias não é satisfatória devido ao seu custo impeditivo para uso em larga escala e sua falta de eficácia diante um amplo espectro de bactérias contaminantes no processo fermentativo industrial. Os testes de concentração inibitória mínima e os ensaios fermentativos realizados mostraram o galato de propila não apresentou resultados favoráveis ao seu uso como descontaminante no processo fermentativo. Já o galato de etila apresentou bons resultados em fermentações em bancada, mas a alta concentração que ele demanda em comparação com antimicrobianos comerciais ainda é um fator impeditivo ao seu uso em larga escala. ; The stage of the ethanol production process that contains the highest percentage of losses is during alcoholic fermentation. Most of these losses come from contamination by bacteria, especially Gram + which add up ...

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