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The present work had as objective to use guava residues (seeds) as biomass for the production of bio-oil through conventional pyrolysis. The biomass presented a moisture content of 3.49 ± 0.03 %, high carbon content (67.04 %), nitrogen (3.96 %), oxygen (22.86 %), hydrogen (6.18 %), protein content (11.81 ± 0.36 %), fiber (11.78 ± 0.45 %), calorific power (24.69 MJ kg -1), ash content (0.76 ± 0.02 %), oil (11.78 ± 0.45 %), cellulose (48.71 %), hemicellulose (11.52 %) and lignin (10.12 %). The thermogravimetric curve of the sample amounts to 90 % of mass loss at 450 °C. The biomass was used in two reactors (quarzto and inox) for the production of bio-oil. Preliminary, the experiments in a quartz reactor evaluated the conditions: temperature (500 to 700 °C), sample mass (5 and 11 g) and pyrolysis time (5 and 10 min) with flow 1mL min-1. The best condition in the quartz reactor was 500 °C, 11 g of seed with the collection time of 5 min and 17.1 % of bio-oil yield. The following experiments were carried out in the steel reactor with constants pyrolysis temperature and flow, 500 ºC and 1mL min-1, respectively. Also, the following variables: sample mass (10 and 20 g), granulometry (seed entire and grain) and salts (K2HPO4 and K3PO4). The best condition in the stainless steel reactor was 20 g of sample, ground seed and without addition of salt, obtaining 23.94 % of bio-oil yield. Since the bio-oil was obtained, it was submitted to liquid-liquid extractions in a 250 mL separating funnel using dichloromethane (DCM) (60 mL) to separate the organic phase (bio-oil) and aqueous phase. For the improvement with model molecule (phenol), diisobutylene was used as reagent and sulfuric acid, Amberlyst (A-15) and sulfated zirconia as catalysts. The conditions for the enhancement were temperature (120 to 180 ° C), molar ratio (1: 1 to 1: 5) and percentage of catalyst (1 to 5% w / w), where the best product conversion was gotten with 150 °C, 1: 3 ratio and 3 % Amberlyst (A-15) yielding 99.8 % product conversion. From the last ...

A Revista Boletim do Gerenciamento trata de pesquisas aplicadas à construção civil, envolvendo processos de execução, tecnologia de materiais, processos de gestão e aferição de elementos de qualidade, como patologias, certificações, perícias e práticas legais de responsabilidade civil.

The depletion of energy reserves of fossil origin has intensified interest in renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. Solar water heating represents an environmentally clean technology, with an abundant, permanent, renewable energy source, which does not pollute or harm the ecosystem. The use of this type of system, when installed in residential buildings, reflects a significant reduction in residential electrical consumption. In this context, the present dissertation was proposed to evaluate a hybrid heating system (solar / gas) for water in a residential building in the city of João Pessoa in two situations. Initially, in the configuration of the original project from available data (2012-2013) with recirculation of water from the plumb of the building and later in the current configuration via collected data (2018-2019) without recirculation of plumb water, with diversion to the cistern. The auxiliary system fuel in the original project, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), was also replaced by natural gas (NG) in the current configuration. Therefore, an energy analysis was developed to verify the performance of the current system compared to the original system. The results obtained, via the F-Chart method, show that, as expected, the performance of the current system has decreased, causing a greater consumption of hot water and gas (due to the greater demand and lower calorific power of NG in relation to the GLP). For the development of the analyzes, a survey of system data (temperature and flow at characteristic points of the hybrid system) was carried out for the four years studied. It was found that, regardless of the configuration studied, the hybrid solar heating system (SAS), solar / gas, can replace the conventional system (electric showers), implying a reduction in consumption and electrical cost, by decreasing energy demand during peak hours and for the favorable effects on the environment, ensuring sustainability. However, in order for the advantages of SAS to be taken advantage of, the problems ...

This study aims to examine the perceptions of teachers of environmental public school system (municipal and state) of Itaporanga d‟Ajuda/SE, participants of the I Training Course for multipliers in Environmental Education and Environmental Education and the contribution to the sustainability of the Environmental Reserve of the agroecosystems and the conservation unit. The I Course of Training Multipliers in Environmental Education was organized in seven (7) modules that occurred on Thursdays, in full time, between the months March and May of 2008. The campaigns of field occurred from April to July of 2008, with the application of semi-structured in a predominantly qualitative approach, applied to 28 teachers of elementary and high school, between men and women with different age groups, which were participants I Course Training of Multipliers in Environmental Education. The methodology used was the participant observation, which had as objective recording and analyzing the discourse of teachers during the course of conducting various phases of the training course, characterizing them according to the current environmental awareness and the environment. The search showed the concern of teachers of the course with environmental issues, however, observed that in general the perception of teachers is limited, that occur for factors as: lack of reading teachers, deficient training, lack of training and skills that contribute to the continuing education of teachers. Thus, it is emphasized that the agroecosystems are defined this study on the scale of owned by the Environmental Reserve and in the establishments in this environment. ; O presente estudo pretende analisar a percepção ambiental dos professores da rede pública de ensino (municipal e estadual) de Itaporanga d‟Ajuda/SE, participantes do I Curso de Formação de Multiplicadores em Educação Ambiental, e a contribuição da Educação Ambiental para a sustentabilidade da Reserva Ambiental do Caju e dos agroecossistemas do entorno dessa unidade de conservação. O I ...

The growing demand for good quality seedlings with vigorous characteristics, in a short period of production, requires the adaption of faster and sustainable alternatives, helping to reduce environmental impacts. it is necessary to use alternative fertilizers, which help reduce waste generated by the population and are more accessible to small producers, such as organic fertilizers. In view of the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of Moringa oleifera LAM seedlings. submitted to increasing doses of organic compost. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Jundiaí Agricultural School (EAJ) from May to June 2018. The experimental design was a randomized block design with six treatments and four replicates, totaling 24 experimental units. The organic compost was applied at the doses of 0, 420, 850, 1270, 1690 and 1900 g pot-1, corresponding respectively to 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 18% volume of compost per volume of soil (v/v). The variables evaluated were: plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), fresh and dry leaf mass, fresh and dry mass of the stem (g), fresh and dry mass of the main root (g), main root length (cm), and leaf area (cm²). The dose of 420 g.vaso-1 presented the best average values for most variables, except fresh stem mass, main root length, and fresh and dry mass of the main root. ; A crescente demanda na produção de mudas florestais de boa qualidade e de características mais vigorosas, em curto período de tempo, requer a busca de alternativas mais rápidas e sustentáveis, colaborando na diminuição dos impactos ambientais. Nesse sentido, se faz necessária a utilização de adubos alternativos, que auxiliam na redução de resíduos gerados pela população e que são mais acessíveis aos pequenos produtores, como os adubos orgânico. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Moringa oleifera LAM. submetidas a doses crescentes de composto orgânico. O experimento foi conduzido na casa-de-vegetação da Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí (EAJ) no período de maio a ...

ABO3 basic catalysts were synthesized by the nitrate-b-alanine solution combustion method. The catalysts powders were produced by self-combustion in times up to 5 min, presenting high crystallinity and single-phase, without the calcination step. XRD analyses showed that the produced calcium oxides (CaZrO3 and Ca0.9Li0.6Zr0.9O3) presented perovskite structure with the orthorhombic system, whereas a monoclinic structure was observed for Li2ZrO3 oxide, results confirmed with the Rietveld refinement. Different techniques were used to characterize the catalysts, such as MEV-FEG, TPD-CO2, TGA, N2 (BET), ICP OES, MIP-OES, WD-XRF and FT-IR. Different methods of acid decomposition were employed, instead of HF, for elemental analysis of the oxides. Recovery values were observed between 92 and 101%, with low deviations and LOQs. The catalytic activity of the synthesized materials was tested by the reaction of ethyl transesterification with methyl acetate (model reaction). The Ca0.9Li0.6Zr0.9O3 was the most active oxide, reaching 92% conversion to ethyl acetate, followed by oxide Li2ZrO3, with 64% conversion. The CaZrO3 had negligible catalytic activity. Reagent tests of Li-containing catalysts indicated average conversion of about 50% up to the 6° recycle. The Li incorporation to zirconate produced changes in the textural and basic properties, resulting in more efficient and promising catalysts for the transesterification. The Ca0.9Li0.6Zr0.9O3 was also evaluated in the oil transesterification reaction for biodiesel production, with a yield of 60% m/m under mild reaction conditions (molar ratio 1:12 oil/ethanol and 50 °C for 30 min). Although the metallic ions leaching from the most active materials has been detected, no reaction was observed in the homogeneous phase. A system composed of a rotating packed bed reactor and a microwave oven (RPB + MW) was developed for the continuous flow biodiesel production by the ethylic transesterification instant reaction under heterogeneous catalysis. Total ester content of 19% was ...

Heterogeneous catalysts are potentially responsible for reducing the cost of producing biodiesel, due to its reusability or use in continuous process. As-synthesized hybrid silicas, containing siloxy sites, can be used as catalysts for the transesterification and are interesting materials due to the facile control of their chemical and morphological properties. In this work, the effect of CTABr surfactant content and cosolvent alcohol chain length on the structural and catalytic properties of hybrid silicas containing occluded CTA+ cations was evaluated. All the prepared materials were actives in the model transesterification reaction. The surfactant concentration in the synthesis had a positive effect on the reaction activity, increasing the TOF¬0 by 2.5 times when the CTABr/TEOS molar ratio was increased from 0.1 to 0.8. This improvement in the catalytic activity can be attributed especially to the reduction of particle size and also to the formation of surface roughness in the silica particles. Likewise, when alcohols with a higher carbon chain was used, higher values of TOF0 were achieved, increasing by 1.8 times higher for the catalyst prepared with 1-butanol in comparison with the one prepared with ethanol. In addition, both variables had a positive effect on catalytic stability, showing that the use of higher surfactant concentration and alcohols with longer carbonic chains are efficient for improving the catalytic properties of hybrid silica particles. ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Catalisadores heterogêneos são potenciais responsáveis pela redução do custo de produção do biodiesel, devido a sua capacidade de reuso ou uso em processos contínuos. Sílicas híbridas tal como sintetizadas, contendo sítios silóxi, podem ser usadas como catalisadores na transesterificação e são materiais interessantes devido a facilidade de controle de suas propriedades químicas e morfológicas. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o ...

Arquivo retido, a pedido do autor, até julho de 2024. ; Forage grasses mixed with legume is a strategy to increase the sustainability of cultivated pastures with ecological and economic benefits. The study aimed to evaluate animal performance and the balance of greenhouse gas emissions in Nellore heifers in the pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu with or without nitrogen or mixed with Arachis pintoi cv. BRS Mandobi. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three treatments: (1) mixed Marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha) and forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) without N fertilizer (MIXED); (2) Marandu palisadegrass monoculture (N FERTILIZER); (3) monoculture Marandu palisadegrass without N fertilizer (CONTROL), with four, replicates, with repeated measures over time (seasons). The fertilized system showed greater herbage mass (p < 0.047), stocking rate (p < 0.001), and gain/area in kg/ha/year (p < 0.001) followed by the mixed and control systems. Regarding methane emissions, heifers in the mixed treatment had lower methane emissions in g/animal/d (p = 0.001), g/d/kg BW (p = 0.018), and g/d/kg BW0.75 (p = 0.009) compared to the other treatments. The N utilization by fertilizer or biological nitrogen fixation had lower CH4 emission (g/kg DMI) than control system (p = 0.044). Mixed system had lower N2O emissions (kg/animal/day and kg/gain/carcass) than the fertilizer system, however, greater than control system (p < 0.001). Animals in the fertilizer had greater N2O emissions of g/kg gain and kg/ha/year than the other treatments (p < 0.001). The fertilized system had greater N excretion (total, urine, and feces), N2O emissions (total, urine, and feces), and NH3 (total, urine and feces) when measured in g/animal/day and kg/ ha/season when compared with mixed and control systems (p < 0.05). N2O emissions as a function of BW (mg/d/kg BW and mg/d/kg BW0.75) and intake (g/kg DMI and g/kg BW) were greater in fertilized system than the other systems (p < 0.01). Fertilized ...

The growing theme of environmental issues is a reflection of a series of anthropic acts that are putting the future of humanity in check. Aspects related to biota pollution, extinction of specimens and extraction of natural resources, have led society to question the future of the planet. Especially this last aspect, whose extraction of these natural resources is directly linked to the generation of energy. Taking into account that the generation of energy is directly related to the development of a nation or organization, the technologies developed by man have been seeking to generate energy through renewable sources, the so-called "clean technologies". In this way, the present work seeks to contemplate this reality in the elaboration of a proposal for a low cost computer through the inclusion of a solarwind hybrid technology, that is, that this computer is developed from components of recyclable origin with pieces of low cost and can be connected to a hybrid solar-wind system, thus ensuring its electrical functioning with full capacity from a renewable energy source. The results of the construction process of the offgrid system and the computer demonstrated that it is possible to elaborate a proposal to create the entire system at low cost. Although there are no number of effects on elements such as power, voltage, current, it is considered that the constructive development of the computer prototype and the offgrid system constituted a significant and healthy advance in a rapid time frame of research. In addition to the fact that it was also possible to carry out a comparative assessment of the system in different climatological periods using data from the Google Earth Engine platform, this fact being fundamental to the continuity of the research on the path this study sought to follow. ; Nenhuma ; O crescente tema da problemática ambiental é reflexo de uma série de atos antrópicos que está colocando em xeque o futuro da humanidade. Aspectos relacionados à poluição da biota, extinção de espécimes e extração de ...

In the process of meals producing in Nutrition Food Units (UAN), the generation of solid waste and food waste are a reality. High generation of waste, and its improper destination can cause damage to the environment, public health, as well as economic and nutritional impacts. The collective food sector must have a management committed to sustainable development and compliance with the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), seeking through indicators, leftovers, and correction factor to assess food waste and reduce the waste generated. This study aimed to carry out a narrative review of the scientific literature on waste management and UAN. Articles and official documents published in the period 2000 to 2020 were searched. To implement waste management, , the National Solid Waste Policy, Law No. 12,305 of August 2, 2010, was instituted, with a view to integrated management and correct management of solid waste. Although the PNRS represents a major advance in terms of public policies, no data was found on its implementation in UAN. The researched articles showed that there is still a great waste of food in the UAN, a fact that may be related to the deficiency in meal planning, local culture, but also to the lack of knowledge on the part of the managers and lack of inspection by the competent bodies regarding the application of the PNRS. In order to reduce food waste and negative environmental impact of the activities performed in the daily work of UAN it is necessary that UAN promote a correct and sustainable destination of the waste generated, using strategies and actions that have proven to be effective such as: composting, selective collection, recycling, , awareness campaigns for diners, staff training, however, these and other actions are up to the manager to promote and articulate the best way to execute them according to the physical, social and economic reality in which it is inserted. From this perspective, the responsibility is imposed to institute measures for the management of this waste, in order to ...