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Orientador : Prof. Dr. Anselmo Chaves Neto ; Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 08/08/2014 ; Inclui referências ; Área de concentração : Economia e Política Florestal ; Resumo:O babaçu tem participação relevante na economia maranhense. Apesar de o babaçu ser uma oleaginosa com grande potencial para produção de biocombustível, seu principal produto, o óleo, está direcionado para o segmento da indústria de higiene, limpeza e cosméticos. Um combustível economicamente viável, ambientalmente correto e socialmente inclusivo ainda demanda novas pesquisas. No presente estudo analisou-se a produção de biodiesel de babaçu fazendo uma pesquisa conceitual e histórica da indústria do babaçu e da produção do biodiesel gerando uma análise exergoeconômica do seu processo de produção a partir da biomassa do babaçu. Estabeleceu-se uma relação entre a análise exergética e a análise econômica na produção do biodiesel de babaçu, contabilizando as ineficiências e perdas que podem acontecer nesse sistema. Também, buscou-se identificar as melhorias necessárias para otimizar a produção através de ensaios realizados em laboratório. O custo real da produção de biodiesel de babaçu foi determinado a partir do detalhamento do processo de transesterificação realizado através de duas rotas de produção de biodiesel, metílica e etílica. As diferenças foram comparadas considerando as eficiências e custos de cada processo. Observou-se que a eficiência exergética da planta de produção de biodiesel de babaçu usando metanol é maior que da eficiência usando etanol (89%, 71%). O biodiesel obtido por via etílica gera um valor de exergia útil menor do que por via metílica, o que pode ser devido a temperatura e o tempo usados no processo. Ao considerar, no entanto, a glicerina como produto útil, a eficiência do balanço exergético usando metanol passa para 96% e usando etanol vai para 81%. O fator exergoeconômico do processo de obtenção de ...

The building of energy infrastructure has the main objective of promoting economic development based on the production and consumption of goods and services. In Brazil, the main generator of electricity is the Itaipu hydroenergy plant, which is binational and uses the transboundary waters of the Parana River in the boundary between Brazil and Paraguay. In a context of high energy demand, the discourses about transboundary waters are marked by debates on sovereignty and securitization in the face of vulnerability, these discourses focus on relations of tension and conflict over strategic water resources between states. This paper examines the use of transboundary water for energy production in Brazil and the limits of the discourse of regional development among the riparian states in the negotiations on the Itaipu Treaty during the government of former President Inacio Lula da Silva (2003-2010).

In the current global pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), environmental governance in Brazil stands out, especially for its inclusion of social participation in decision-making bodies. The National Council for the Environment (CONAMA) plays a central role in this scenario. Given this, this study asks: How did government changes between 2011 and 2023 influence social participation in this entity, and in what ways did its institutional design vary according to the ineptitude of the current governments? The selected time frame encompasses three distinct moments in the council's design. For the analysis, qualitative methods of content analysis were employed, examining official documents, decrees, and academic publications, providing an in-depth view of the changes that occurred. The results initially reveal a period of strength and prominence, followed by a phase of significant reduction in representation, and later, a moment of reformulation and restructuring of the institutional design of this council. These transitions reaffirm the essential balance between government and social stakeholders in achieving environmental governance. The study emphasizes the imperative of maintaining participatory structures to ensure the quality of environmental policies in the country and realignment with the development of environmental policies at the global level.

-The main objective of this work was to apply the indicators of Ecological Footprint to measure the current state of the art company studied the Industrial Pole of Manaus. For this, there was a comprehensive review of existing methodologies for adaptation on a smaller scale .Then the consumption variables necessary for the calculation of the Ecological Footprint in Corporate Environment were identified .It was used at first exploratory research and approach the second moment of theoretical and descriptive research by collecting primary data within an enterprise PIM . The literature for composition of a theoretical and documentary research for access to secondary data required for calculation of the indicators were also used .Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire , with explanatory text at the beginning , which was answered by those responsible for the requested data. The quantitative method is related to the use of quantification of variables ,use of formulas for the calculation of indicators and statistical techniques to ensure accurate results . As a result of the research, it was found that the Ecological Footprint Company (-894.62 gha) is within the standards set nationally (2.9 gha) and that may encourage more consumption of fish instead of beef . It is relevant attention to the sustainability of our green areas, because of the 44 hectares of the Urban Zone of Manaus, 28 000 have been deforested. Cite as: MVA Barros, AC Kieling. "ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT: APPROXIMATE FOR A STUDY ON APPLICABILITY OF INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIES POLO MANAUS FREE ZONE – PIM (BRAZIL)". In: REVIEW OF RESEARCH, Vol. 4, Issue 6/March 2015, pp. 1-11.

Climate change already affects everyone. Anthropogenic actions produce planetary impacts and accelerate global warming. Municipalities around the world have been suffering from heat waves, prolonged droughts, torrential rains, tornadoes, cyclones, hurricanes, among others, which are increasingly recurrent. The objective of this essay is to show that cities have a strategic role, both in facing these atmospheric changes that we are experiencing, as well as in the decision-making power for coping actions. For this, we use the concept of geographic scale as a methodology, as a conceptual tool to articulate the different conflicting and complex levels of the current climate crisis. Identifying urban singularities, through a closer approximation of people's spatial reality, using this concept, is necessary to mitigate the social consequences of the process. The results elucidated that cities have unique characteristics to generate adaptations to these current climate changes, through a closer and more effective look at the local scale.

In a context marked by the environmental crisis, climate change emerges as a multidimensional problem, gathering scientific, political, economic, sociocultural factors and implications, among other types. Besides their physical properties, climate phenomenon is also constructed discursively, largely, by journalism. Based on this, the research aims to understand how the discourse on climate change is constructed in magazine Superinteressante, by Abril Company, between 1995 and 2015. The study discusses central aspects related to climate change, highlighting some their historical elements. It also reflects on journalistic coverage of climate change, magazine journalism, and relation between journalism and science. In order to interpret the meanings about climate change in Superinteressante, we use theoretical-methodological French Discourse Analysis. The corpus is formed by 343 discursive sequences, taken from 21 texts, and that are inserted in ten Paraphrastic Networks. These networks, in turn, are encompassed in four Discursive Formations that represent forms of understanding climate change from specific domains, they are: (DF1) Climate change has undesirable effects; (DF2) Climate change is about human action; (DF3) Climate change is a controversial issue; (DF4) Climate change is an unequal problem. Discursive listening points to a significant predominance of (DF1) and, soon after, of (DF2), which shows that the meanings most frequently reiterated by magazine concern negative consequences and human dimensions associated with the problem. In addition, we verified that Superinteressante not just reiterates discourses about the various dimensions of phenomenon, but also updates them over the years. ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES ; Num contexto marcado pela crise ambiental, a mudança climática desponta como uma problemática multidimensional, congregando fatores e implicações científicas, políticas, econômicas, socioculturais, entre outras ordens. Além de suas propriedades ...

A grande necessidade de diminuir a dependência em relação ao petróleo devido aos seus preços em constante elevação, a preocupação com o meio ambiente (protocolo de kyoto) e a crescente demanda por carros flex tem colocado o etanol - uma energia totalmente renovável - em papel de destaque, como fonte alternativa de energia. A demanda e a oferta por este biocombustível são crescentes nos últimos anos e com grande possibilidade de se manter forte e dinâmica por vários anos. Neste contexto, o estudo teve como objetivo analisar quais as variáveis que afetaram a oferta e a demanda de etanol no Brasil, no período de 1995 a 2006. O método de análise utilizado foi o modelo de equilíbrio simultâneo por meio de mínimos quadrados em dois estágios, com correção de variância via métodos de momentos generalizados (GMM). Para ilustrar o uso do modelo em simulações de políticas, investiga-se o efeito de um aumento relativo no preço do petróleo no mercado do etanol, ceteris paribus. Os resultados do modelo foram significativos, mas o interessante é que o álcool não se mostrou substituto perfeito da gasolina no período analisado, pois o seu papel fundamental foi de aditivo da gasolina. ----------------------------------------------The great necessity for reducing the dependency upon oil due to its price, which is constantly increasing, the concern about the environment (Kyoto Protocol) and the increasing demand for flex cars have highlighted the role of ethanol - a totally renewable source of energy. The supply and demand for this biofuel are increasing in the past years and with a great chance to keep strong and dynamic for many years. In this context, the objective of the study was to analyse which variables affected the supply and demand for ethanol in Brazil, considering the period from 1995 to 2006. The method of analysis used was a simultaneous equilibrium model by means of two stages, least squares with correction of the variance by the generalized method of moments (GMM). To illustrate the use of the model in policy simulation it is studied the effect of a relative increase in oil price in the market of ethanol, ceteris paribus. The results of the model were significant, but what is interesting is that the alcohol did not appear to be a perfect substitutive for gasoline in the mentioned period, since his fundamental role was of an additive of gasoline.