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The article considers mathematical approach to environmental quality management to improve the ecological comfort of living for the population. The problem of environmental management is described using a multi-factor model of quality of the environment with the weight coefficients of the importance of its components: atmospheric air, acoustic impact, soil, water resources, and green spaces, accessibility of natural and recreational areas. The values of weight coefficients of importance of influencing factors for environmentally comfortable living are determined by the method of expert assessment. A multi-factor model is used for detailed assessment of the ecological quality of the urban environment. The proposed quantitative approach also allows to compare the environmental comfort of the different residential districts or to study the dynamics of environmental comfort of specific urban area. Much attention is paid to scientific and methodological principles of management and the formation of the concept of «environmental quality». The strategy of environmental management with ecological foundation of various practical solution is shown. The plan of measures on organization of optimal management of quality of the environment to improve comfort of living for the population of the residential microdistrict of Tiraspol is presented. Graphical scheme of the results of integral analysis of various environmental indicators and assessments for improving the comfort of the environment is given. Realization of environmental quality management of the urban areas on the basis of a multi-factor model contributes to the gradual change of dangerous ecological conditions of environmental factors, to increase a comfort of the territory taking into account the real preferences and needs of the population.

The aim of this article was to analyze the profitability of using a multi-motor electric drive instead of a single-motor electric drive in a city vehicle to ensure the reduction of the electrical energy losses. To achieve the goal a mathematical model was used to calculate the energy losses in the singlemotor and multi-motor electric drives of a bus with a different number of traction induction motors. The calculation was carried out for the steady-state driving modes with different speeds and transient acceleration modes. The change in the load torque of the vehicle's motors due to the change in the rolling friction force of the wheels with a different number of passengers carried was taken into account. The novelty of the work is that the use of a multi-motor electric drive shown for the first time allowed the reduction in the energy losses in the traction induction electric motors when the vehicle is moving at a constant speed and during acceleration with a different number of passengers carried. Moreover, to obtain energy saving, the number of motors used in a multi-motor electric drive should vary depending on the speed and acceleration, as well as on the total load torque of the multi-motor drive. The formula was obtained analytically for the calculation of the number of motors of a multi-motor electric drive, which would ensure energy saving compared to a single-motor electric vehicle.

Формирование многоукладной рыночной экономики в России, а также ослабление системы государственного регулирования ее состояния способствовало значительному росту количественных и качественных угроз финансовой безопасности. Целью статьи является исследование классификации угроз финансовой безопасности государства с позиции трансформации социально‑экономической системы. В статье применен диалектический метод научно- го познания при изучении роли финансовой безопасности и классификации угроз финансовой безопасности. Рассмотрены факторы возникновения угроз финансовой безопасности государства, составляющие финансовой безопасности в структуре национальной безопасности, угрозы составляющим финансовой безопасности государства. Следует отметить, что своевременное выявление угроз финансовой безопасности позволит предпринять меры по их предотвращению и предупреждению. Под финансовой безопасностью государства будем понимать составную часть экономической безопасности государства, характеризующую защиту финансовых интересов всех хозяйствующих субъектов, а также обеспечивающую такое развитие финансовой системы и финансовых отношений между ее институтами в государстве, которое позволяет: 1) нивелировать внешние и внутренние дестабилизирующие факторы, составляющие угрозу финансовой безопасности, формируя основу для сохранения сбалансированности и устойчивости всех звеньев финансовой системы; 2) обеспечивать необходимыми финансовыми ресурсами основных участников экономической деятельности для сохранения и укрепления национального суверенитета страны, обеспечения стабильного социально‑экономического развития государства; 3) создать условия для невозможности злоупотребления или использования финансовых ресурсов в незакрепленных нормативно‑правовыми актами сферах. Недостаточность финансовых ресурсов, которая возникает в результате реализации угроз финансовой безопасности, приводит к недофинансированию определенных программ, что представляет собой угрозу национальной безопасности. Угроза составным частям национальной безопасности приводит к необходимости увеличения их финансирования, что, в свою очередь, представляет собой угрозу финансовой безопасности. Несмотря на значительное давление со стороны за- рубежных стран, Российская Федерация предпринимает меры по нейтрализации внешних угроз национальной безопасности, снижая возможность влияния извне на свою международную позицию The formation of a multi‑market economy in Russia, as well as the weakening of the state regulation system over its condition, contributed to a significant increase in quantitative and qualitative threats to financial security. The purpose of the article is to study the classification of threats to the financial security of the state from the position of transforming the socio‑economic system. The article uses the dialectical method of scientific cognition in studying the role of financial security and the classification of threats to financial security. The factors of the emergence of threats to the financial security of the state, the components of financial security in the structure of national security, threats to the components of the financial security of the state are examined. It should be noted that timely detection of threats to financial security will allow taking measures to prevent and avoid them. Under the financial security of the state, we will understand the co‑part of the economic security of the state, which characterizes the protection of the financial interests of all economic entities, and also ensures the development of the financial system and financial relations in the state, which allows: 1) to level out external and internal destabilizing factors, which constitute a threat to financial security, forming the basis for maintaining the balance and stability of all parts of the financial system; 2) provide the necessary financial resources of the main participants of economic activity for preserving and strengthening the national sovereignty of the country, ensuring stable social and economic development of the state; 3) create conditions for the inability to abuse or use financial resources in the areas that are not enforced by regulatory and legal acts. Insufficient financial resources that arise as a result of implementation of the threats to financial security lead to under‑ financing of certain programs, which, in turn, poses a threat to the national security №4(45) (2018)