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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Newsham, G. R.; Saint-Martin, L.;

    Regard 92 sur la science du bâtiment - Éclairage optimal, consommation énergétique minimale, 1992, Différentes villes canadiennes Presented in French by Luc Saint-Martin | Also available in English: New energy codes and their impact on lighting design Collection: Compte rendu (Conseil national de recherches du Canada. Institut de recherche en construction); nº 19

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao NRC Publications Arc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    NRC Publications Archive
    Conference object . 1994
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao NRC Publications Arc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      NRC Publications Archive
      Conference object . 1994
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Daoust, Gabrielle;

    Au courant des dernières décennies, l’intégration de la question des changements climatiques à l’intérieur des politiques publiques montréalaises s'est fait graduellement. L’importance de lutter et de s’adapter au réchauffement climatique s'effectua de pair avec l’émergence du développement durable. La stratégie climatique de Montréal se développa au courant des deux dernières décennies. Durant cette période, deux importantes réformes modifièrent la structure politique québécoise. Les bouleversements occasionnés par les fusions municipales et les défusions laissèrent des traces sur les pouvoirs et le territoire présent sous la juridiction de la ville de Montréal, influençant ainsi les actions pouvant être posées par cette dernière dans la lutte aux changements climatiques. In the last few decades, the issue of climate change has gradually been integrated into Montreal's public policies. The importance of fighting as well as adapting to climate change has been accompanied by the emergence of sustainable development. Montreal climate strategy has developed over the past two decades, and during this period, two important reforms have changed the municipal political structure in Quebec. The problems caused by municipal mergers and demergers have had an impact on the powers of the city of Montreal and the territory under its jurisdiction, thereby influencing the actions that can be taken by the city in the fight against climate change.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bezuneh, T. (ed.); Emechebe, A. M. (ed.); Sedgo, J. (ed.); Ouedraogo, M. (ed.);

    Metadata only record The paper proposes a theory of technology development for semi-arid regions. It then evaluates the theory by reviewing the characteristics of technologies successfully introduced into the regions. Modeling is then used to identify some constraints to further technology introduction of the type proposed. Some specific policy recommendations to accelerate technology introduction are made.

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    VTechWorks
    Other literature type . 1997
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ VTechWorksarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      VTechWorks
      Other literature type . 1997
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Macdonald, I. A.; Ouazia, B.; Zhou, L.;

    L'étude sur la ventilation mixte de l'IRC-CNRC est d'autant plus importante que la ventilation et la climatisation représentent jusqu'à 50 % de la consommation énergétique d'une habitation et qu'elles ont un impact direct sur la santé et le confort des occupants. La ventilation naturelle a pour inconvénients ses échanges d'air frais excessifs ou insuffisants, lesquels entraînent irrémédiablement des déperditions d'énergie de chauffage ou de refroidissement. Plus facile à contrôler, la ventilation mécanique permet de récupérer la chaleur et de filtrer l'air, mais elle présente l'inconvénient de fonctionner à l'électricité et de contribuer ainsi aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Dans ce contexte, la ventilation mixte, qui associe les avantages de la ventilation mécanique et de la ventilation naturelle, apparaît comme une solution susceptible de réduire l'énergie utilisée pour ventiler les bâtiments. Also available in English: Use of vents and stacks for natural ventilation

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NRC Publications Arc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Champagne-Gélinas, Alex;

    Ce mémoire propose une analyse de l’expansion internationale de la China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) et des impacts de cette expansion sur la sécurité énergétique de la Chine. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, l’approvisionnement énergétique d’un pays est jugé sécuritaire lorsqu’une quantité suffisante de ressources nécessaires pour combler sa demande en énergie sont présentes, disponibles et accessibles et que son approvisionnement en services énergétiques demeure fiable et abordable. La recherche comporte quatre volets. Le premier volet porte sur les étapes de la restructuration de l’industrie pétrolière chinoise depuis 1949. Celle-ci est analysée au travers des changements dans les modes de gestion des compagnies pétrolières nationales et dans leurs relations avec le gouvernement chinois. Le deuxième volet traite de la diversification et des nouvelles spécialisations de CNPC. Ces aspects sont étudiés dans le cadre d’une analyse du pourcentage de ses actifs dans chaque segment industriel (aval, intermédiaire et amont) obtenus grâce à ses rapports annuels. Le troisième volet aborde la répartition géographique des activités de la compagnie que l’on étudie à l’aide d’une analyse approfondie de près de 150 investissements, acquisitions et contrats réalisés à l’étranger entre 1992 et 2014. Le quatrième volet aborde les impacts des investissements à l’étranger de la compagnie sur la sécurité énergétique de la Chine. Ces impacts sont mesurés par l’entremise d’une analyse des flux pétroliers internationaux vers la Chine que l’on compare à la production de CNPC par pays. Ce mémoire permet de déterminer que l’expansion internationale de CNPC sert d’abord et avant tout les intérêts économiques de la compagnie. Ce sont surtout ses investissements dans la construction d’infrastructures de transport (oléoducs, gazoducs ainsi que les usines et terminaux de liquéfaction de gaz naturel liquéfié) qui apportent des bénéfices directs à la sécurité énergétique de la Chine. La contribution des investissements dans les autres secteurs est beaucoup moins systématique et dépend largement de la période au cours de laquelle ils ont été effectués. This thesis proposes an analysis of the international expansion of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and of the impacts of this expansion on China’s energy security. In this research, a country’s energy supply is considered secure when sufficient resources needed to meet its energy demands are present, available and accessible while the supply of energy services remains affordable and reliable. The analysis is done in four sections. The first section focuses on the various stages of the restructuring of the Chinese oil industry since 1949. This subject is studied through an analysis of both the changes in the management methods of the Chinese national oil companies and the evolution of their relationship with the Chinese government. The second section deals with the diversification and the evolution of CNPC’s specializations. These are studied through an analysis of the percentage of the company’s assets in each sector of the oil industry (downstream, midstream, and upstream), which are obtained through its annual reports. The third section looks at the geographical distribution of the company’s overseas operations. This is done through an in-depth analysis of nearly 150 investments, acquisitions, and contracts made abroad by CNPC between 1992 and 2014. Finally, the fourth section focuses on the impacts of the overseas investments of the company on China’s energy security. These impacts are examined by measuring CNPC’s overseas production and comparing the total per country to the oil and gas flows going from these countries to China. This thesis allows us to determine that by engaging in international activities, CNPC aims above all to satisfy its economic interests. It is mostly the investments it made for the construction of transportation infrastructure (oil and gas pipelines or liquefied natural gas terminals) that directly benefits to China’s energy security. The company’s investments in other sectors do sometimes bring some benefits to the country’s energy security, but their contribution is much less systematic and depends largely on the period during which they were made.

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    Authors: Magendo, Aziza;

    Contexte : Pour les programmes sanitaires faits dans les pays à faibles ressources, la non-pérennisation des résultats est un phénomène important (Pluye, Potvin, & Denis, Making public health programs last: conceptualizing sustainability, 2004). Par contre, peu d’études ont été faites pour présenter des solutions à ce problème. Pour trouver des pistes de réponses, nous avons fait une étude de cas du programme national multisectoriel de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA (PNMLS) en République Démocratique du Congo. En 2004, le programme a été implanté avec l’aide de la Banque Mondiale à travers son programme MAP (Multi Aids Program). Le MAP s’est retiré en 2010. Objectifs : Le but de notre recherche était de déterminer, trois ans après le départ du MAP, quel a été le niveau de pérennisation des objectifs atteints. Notre autre objectif était de savoir quels ont été les facteurs qui ont influencé la pérennisation des objectifs atteints. Méthodes : Nous avons fait une revue de littérature sur la pérennisation et ainsi développé un cadre théorique mettant en lien les facteurs qui pourraient influencer la pérennisation des résultats. Nous avons observé le programme PNLMS dans son écosystème pour repérer quels sont les facteurs qui ont influé la pérennisation des résultats. Nous avons passé des entrevues aux acteurs clefs et avons fait une analyse documentaire, pour ainsi trouver des réponses à nos questions de recherche. Résultat : notre recherche supporte le concept qu’une approche multisectorielle aurait un impact positif sur la pérennisation des résultats. Par contre, il est important d’adapter cette approche multisectorielle à l’environnement et l’écosystème dans lequel évolue le programme. Cette adaptation doit se faire dès l’implantation du programme. Background : For health programs made in developing countries, non-sustainability of the changes and progress is an important phenomenon (Pluyer, Potvin, & Denis, 2004). However, few studies have been conducted to present solutions to this problem. To find possible answers to the issue, we have decided to do a case study on the national program of multi-sectoral fights against HIV/AIDS (PNMLS) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2004, the program was implemented with the help of the World Bank through the MAP (Multi Aids Program). In 2010, MAP stopped its involvement in the program. Objectives : The goal of our research was to determine, three years after MAP stopped its involvement, what was the level of sustainability of the results achieved by the program back in 2010. Our other goal was to detect what were the factors that influenced the sustainability of those results. Methods: We did a review of existing literature on sustainability and developed a theoretical framework that shows the dynamic between factors that could influence the sustainability of results. We have observed the PNLMS in its ecosystem to in order to identify what factors had an influence on the sustainability of results. We had interviews with key players and did a review of all publications that were made on the PNMLS. This method helped us so to find answers to our research questions. Result: our research supports the concept that a multisectoral approach can have a positive impact on the sustainability of results. However, it is important to adapt the multi-sectoral approach to the environment and the ecosystem in which the program operates. This adjustment must be made from the implementation stage of the program.

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    Authors: Beguería, Santiago; Sans, Fabienne; Antigüedad, Iñaki; Cakir, Roxelane; +20 Authors

    [FR] Le changement climatique récent est l'une des principales menaces à la durabilité des sociétés humaines. Les rapports du GIEC, l'Accord de Paris ou les Conférences des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique attestent de l'intérêt politique mondial à agir de toute urgence pour atténuer le changement climatique. Cependant, les efforts d'atténuation ne suffisent pas à minimiser les conséquences négatives du changement climatique. Il est nécessaire, parallèlement aux mesures d'atténuation, de développer des stratégies d'adaptation qui permettent de minimiser les risques que le changement climatique fait peser sur les sociétés. Dans une optique nécessairement locale, l'élaboration de stratégies d'adaptation doit reposer sur une évaluation de la vulnérabilité de la société dans son ensemble ou de secteurs de celle-ci aux conséquences attendues du changement climatique. Ce volume explore les options d'adaptation au changement climatique en relation avec la gestion des ressources en eau dans une région transfrontalière importante telle que la chaîne de montagnes des Pyrénées. Après une évaluation générale des ressources en eau de la région et de leur gouvernance, sept études de cas locales et régionales sont présentées où, en collaboration avec les acteurs locaux, différentes options d'adaptation sont explorées. [ES] El cambio climático reciente es una de las principales amenazas para la sostenibilidad de las sociedades humanas. Los informes del IPCC, el Acuerdo de París o las Conferencias de las Naciones Unidas sobre cambio climático atestiguan el interés político global por emprender con urgencia acciones para la mitigación del cambio climático. Los esfuerzos en mitigación, sin embargo, no son suficientes para minimizar las consecuencias negativas del cambio climático. Es necesario, en paralelo a las medidas de mitigación, desarrollar estrategias de adaptación que permitan minimizar los riesgos que supone el cambio climático para las sociedades. Con un enfoque necesariamente local, el desarrollo de estrategias de adaptación debe partir de una evaluación de la vulnerabilidad del conjunto de la sociedad o de sectores de ésta a las consecuencias esperables del cambio climático. En este volumen se exploran opciones de adaptación al cambio climático en relación con la gestión de los recursos hídricos de una importante región transfronteriza como es la cordillera de los Pirineos. Tras una evaluación general sobre los recursos hídricos de la región y su gobernanza, se presentan siete casos de estudio locales y regionales donde, en colaboración con los actores locales, se exploran diferentes opciones de adaptación. [EN] Recent climate change is one of the main threats to the sustainability of human societies. The reports of the IPCC, the Paris Agreement or the United Nations Conferences on climate change attest to the global political interest in urgently taking action to mitigate climate change. Mitigation efforts, however, are not enough to minimize the negative consequences of climate change. It is necessary, in parallel to the mitigation measures, to develop adaptation strategies that make it possible to minimize the risks that climate change poses to societies. With a necessarily local focus, the development of adaptation strategies must be based on an assessment of the vulnerability of society as a whole or of sectors of it to the expected consequences of climate change. This volume explores options for adaptation to climate change in relation to the management of water resources in an important transboundary region such as the Pyrenees mountain range. After a general assessment of the region's water resources and their governance, seven local and regional case studies are presented where, in collaboration with the relevant stakeholders, different adaptation options are explored. This book has been supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain France Andorra program (POCTEFA 2014-2020), by Fundación Biodiversidad of the Spanish Ministry for the Ecologic Transition and Demographic Challenge, and the autor's institutions: CSIC, UPV/EHU, UB, OE, IGME, CNRS, BRGM, INRAE and OBSA. [EN] One PDF files with the pre-print version of the document; [ES] Un archivo PDF con la versión de pie-impresión del documento; [FR] Un fichier PDF avec la version pré-imprimée du document. Peer reviewed

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    DIGITAL.CSIC
    Book . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    Book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      DIGITAL.CSIC
      Book . 2023
      License: CC BY NC ND
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      Digital.CSIC
      Book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Stephenson, D. G.;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NRC Publications Arc...arrow_drop_down
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    NRC Publications Archive
    Other ORP type . 1972
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      NRC Publications Archive
      Other ORP type . 1972
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ashton, H. E.;

    Ce Digest a étudié l'action de la radiation sur les matériaux organiques de construction lorsqu'elle est combinée avec celle d'autres éléments atmosphériques. La sévérité des dommages grandissant avec les attaques conjuguées, il importe de prendre des mesures préventives destinées à réduire la dégradation à un niveau acceptable. On peut produire des polymères que les UV n'affectent pas, ou incorporer des composés qui absorbent ou réfléchissent les UV. Il appartient naturellement aux producteurs de matériaux d'appliquer ces méthodes; il est cependant important que les concepteurs de bâtiments n'ignorent ni les faits qui précèdent, ni les limitations qu'ils imposent au comportement des matériaux.

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    NRC Publications Archive
    Other ORP type . 1974
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      Other ORP type . 1974
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  • Authors: Hiwasaki, Lisa; Déry, Steve; Bleau, Nathalie;

    Notre prémisse commence avec les inégalités : la santé de la planète et de l’humanité est dépendante de notre capacité à les réduire. Les inégalités plongent toutes les sociétés dans des crises interreliées : environnementale, climatique, énergétique, agricole, économique, sociale, santé publique. Alors que certains individus et groupes sont touchés disproportionnellement plus que d'autres, tout le monde, à tous les niveaux de la société, souffre des effets négatifs des inégalités. Les défis de compréhension touchent deux domaines principaux : d’une part, la population et la manière dont elle consomme la planète ; d’autre part, l’adaptation aux changements, en particulier à ceux induits par les problèmes socioenvironnementaux causés par notre système socioéconomique global. Notre contribution collective – ce qu’on peut extraire des articles composant ce numéro spécial et leur mise en contexte – est double. Premièrement, elle s’attache à mieux comprendre la complexité des sources d’inégalités, regroupées autour de quatre thèmes : l’information ; les enjeux de pouvoir ; les bonnes intentions de développement et leurs effets négatifs ; les questions systémiques, en particulier celles reliées au foncier. De plus, existe un besoin pressant de comprendre les défis socioenvironnementaux soulevés par les inégalités : par exemple, ceux reliés aux connaissances scientifiques, à la nature dynamique des situations diverses, à la mise en œuvre des projets de réduction de ces mêmes inégalités, aux obstacles mis en place, ainsi qu’à d’autres défis en lien avec les questions de vulnérabilité et de justice. Sur cette base, deuxièmement, cette introduction explore aussi quelques pistes de solutions, examinées aux échelles locale, nationale et mondiale. Des solutions systémiques multiscalaires font partie intégrante de la lutte contre les inégalités, afin de parvenir à un monde plus équitable et plus juste. We begin with inequalities: the health of the planet and humanity depends on our ability to reduce them. Inequalities lead societies into interrelated crises: environmental, climatic, energetic, agricultural, economic, social, and public health. While certain individuals and groups are disproportionately more affected than others, everyone at all levels of society suffer from negative impacts of inequalities. To improve our understanding of these inequalities, we focus on two main areas: the population and the way in which it consumes the planet; and adaptation to stresses, in particular those induced by socio-environmental problems caused by our global socio-economic system. Our contribution is twofold. First, the articles together highlight the need to better understand the complex sources of inequalities, which we group into four main categories: information; issues of power; good intentions for development and their adverse effects; and systemic questions, particularly those related to land. In addition, there is a need to understand the socio-environmental challenges that arise from inequalities, which are: those related to scientific knowledge; linked to dynamic nature of diverse situations; concern implementation of projects that aim to reduce inequalities; surrounding obstacles; and other challenges that involve issues of vulnerability and justice. Based on these understandings, our second contribution is the exploration of some solutions, examined from local, national, to global scales. Systemic solutions at different scales are integral to tackle inequalities, in order to achieve a more equitable and just world.

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259 Research products
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Newsham, G. R.; Saint-Martin, L.;

    Regard 92 sur la science du bâtiment - Éclairage optimal, consommation énergétique minimale, 1992, Différentes villes canadiennes Presented in French by Luc Saint-Martin | Also available in English: New energy codes and their impact on lighting design Collection: Compte rendu (Conseil national de recherches du Canada. Institut de recherche en construction); nº 19

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao NRC Publications Arc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    NRC Publications Archive
    Conference object . 1994
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao NRC Publications Arc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      NRC Publications Archive
      Conference object . 1994
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Daoust, Gabrielle;

    Au courant des dernières décennies, l’intégration de la question des changements climatiques à l’intérieur des politiques publiques montréalaises s'est fait graduellement. L’importance de lutter et de s’adapter au réchauffement climatique s'effectua de pair avec l’émergence du développement durable. La stratégie climatique de Montréal se développa au courant des deux dernières décennies. Durant cette période, deux importantes réformes modifièrent la structure politique québécoise. Les bouleversements occasionnés par les fusions municipales et les défusions laissèrent des traces sur les pouvoirs et le territoire présent sous la juridiction de la ville de Montréal, influençant ainsi les actions pouvant être posées par cette dernière dans la lutte aux changements climatiques. In the last few decades, the issue of climate change has gradually been integrated into Montreal's public policies. The importance of fighting as well as adapting to climate change has been accompanied by the emergence of sustainable development. Montreal climate strategy has developed over the past two decades, and during this period, two important reforms have changed the municipal political structure in Quebec. The problems caused by municipal mergers and demergers have had an impact on the powers of the city of Montreal and the territory under its jurisdiction, thereby influencing the actions that can be taken by the city in the fight against climate change.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bezuneh, T. (ed.); Emechebe, A. M. (ed.); Sedgo, J. (ed.); Ouedraogo, M. (ed.);

    Metadata only record The paper proposes a theory of technology development for semi-arid regions. It then evaluates the theory by reviewing the characteristics of technologies successfully introduced into the regions. Modeling is then used to identify some constraints to further technology introduction of the type proposed. Some specific policy recommendations to accelerate technology introduction are made.

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    VTechWorks
    Other literature type . 1997
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      Other literature type . 1997
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Macdonald, I. A.; Ouazia, B.; Zhou, L.;

    L'étude sur la ventilation mixte de l'IRC-CNRC est d'autant plus importante que la ventilation et la climatisation représentent jusqu'à 50 % de la consommation énergétique d'une habitation et qu'elles ont un impact direct sur la santé et le confort des occupants. La ventilation naturelle a pour inconvénients ses échanges d'air frais excessifs ou insuffisants, lesquels entraînent irrémédiablement des déperditions d'énergie de chauffage ou de refroidissement. Plus facile à contrôler, la ventilation mécanique permet de récupérer la chaleur et de filtrer l'air, mais elle présente l'inconvénient de fonctionner à l'électricité et de contribuer ainsi aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Dans ce contexte, la ventilation mixte, qui associe les avantages de la ventilation mécanique et de la ventilation naturelle, apparaît comme une solution susceptible de réduire l'énergie utilisée pour ventiler les bâtiments. Also available in English: Use of vents and stacks for natural ventilation

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Champagne-Gélinas, Alex;

    Ce mémoire propose une analyse de l’expansion internationale de la China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) et des impacts de cette expansion sur la sécurité énergétique de la Chine. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, l’approvisionnement énergétique d’un pays est jugé sécuritaire lorsqu’une quantité suffisante de ressources nécessaires pour combler sa demande en énergie sont présentes, disponibles et accessibles et que son approvisionnement en services énergétiques demeure fiable et abordable. La recherche comporte quatre volets. Le premier volet porte sur les étapes de la restructuration de l’industrie pétrolière chinoise depuis 1949. Celle-ci est analysée au travers des changements dans les modes de gestion des compagnies pétrolières nationales et dans leurs relations avec le gouvernement chinois. Le deuxième volet traite de la diversification et des nouvelles spécialisations de CNPC. Ces aspects sont étudiés dans le cadre d’une analyse du pourcentage de ses actifs dans chaque segment industriel (aval, intermédiaire et amont) obtenus grâce à ses rapports annuels. Le troisième volet aborde la répartition géographique des activités de la compagnie que l’on étudie à l’aide d’une analyse approfondie de près de 150 investissements, acquisitions et contrats réalisés à l’étranger entre 1992 et 2014. Le quatrième volet aborde les impacts des investissements à l’étranger de la compagnie sur la sécurité énergétique de la Chine. Ces impacts sont mesurés par l’entremise d’une analyse des flux pétroliers internationaux vers la Chine que l’on compare à la production de CNPC par pays. Ce mémoire permet de déterminer que l’expansion internationale de CNPC sert d’abord et avant tout les intérêts économiques de la compagnie. Ce sont surtout ses investissements dans la construction d’infrastructures de transport (oléoducs, gazoducs ainsi que les usines et terminaux de liquéfaction de gaz naturel liquéfié) qui apportent des bénéfices directs à la sécurité énergétique de la Chine. La contribution des investissements dans les autres secteurs est beaucoup moins systématique et dépend largement de la période au cours de laquelle ils ont été effectués. This thesis proposes an analysis of the international expansion of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and of the impacts of this expansion on China’s energy security. In this research, a country’s energy supply is considered secure when sufficient resources needed to meet its energy demands are present, available and accessible while the supply of energy services remains affordable and reliable. The analysis is done in four sections. The first section focuses on the various stages of the restructuring of the Chinese oil industry since 1949. This subject is studied through an analysis of both the changes in the management methods of the Chinese national oil companies and the evolution of their relationship with the Chinese government. The second section deals with the diversification and the evolution of CNPC’s specializations. These are studied through an analysis of the percentage of the company’s assets in each sector of the oil industry (downstream, midstream, and upstream), which are obtained through its annual reports. The third section looks at the geographical distribution of the company’s overseas operations. This is done through an in-depth analysis of nearly 150 investments, acquisitions, and contracts made abroad by CNPC between 1992 and 2014. Finally, the fourth section focuses on the impacts of the overseas investments of the company on China’s energy security. These impacts are examined by measuring CNPC’s overseas production and comparing the total per country to the oil and gas flows going from these countries to China. This thesis allows us to determine that by engaging in international activities, CNPC aims above all to satisfy its economic interests. It is mostly the investments it made for the construction of transportation infrastructure (oil and gas pipelines or liquefied natural gas terminals) that directly benefits to China’s energy security. The company’s investments in other sectors do sometimes bring some benefits to the country’s energy security, but their contribution is much less systematic and depends largely on the period during which they were made.

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    Authors: Magendo, Aziza;

    Contexte : Pour les programmes sanitaires faits dans les pays à faibles ressources, la non-pérennisation des résultats est un phénomène important (Pluye, Potvin, & Denis, Making public health programs last: conceptualizing sustainability, 2004). Par contre, peu d’études ont été faites pour présenter des solutions à ce problème. Pour trouver des pistes de réponses, nous avons fait une étude de cas du programme national multisectoriel de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA (PNMLS) en République Démocratique du Congo. En 2004, le programme a été implanté avec l’aide de la Banque Mondiale à travers son programme MAP (Multi Aids Program). Le MAP s’est retiré en 2010. Objectifs : Le but de notre recherche était de déterminer, trois ans après le départ du MAP, quel a été le niveau de pérennisation des objectifs atteints. Notre autre objectif était de savoir quels ont été les facteurs qui ont influencé la pérennisation des objectifs atteints. Méthodes : Nous avons fait une revue de littérature sur la pérennisation et ainsi développé un cadre théorique mettant en lien les facteurs qui pourraient influencer la pérennisation des résultats. Nous avons observé le programme PNLMS dans son écosystème pour repérer quels sont les facteurs qui ont influé la pérennisation des résultats. Nous avons passé des entrevues aux acteurs clefs et avons fait une analyse documentaire, pour ainsi trouver des réponses à nos questions de recherche. Résultat : notre recherche supporte le concept qu’une approche multisectorielle aurait un impact positif sur la pérennisation des résultats. Par contre, il est important d’adapter cette approche multisectorielle à l’environnement et l’écosystème dans lequel évolue le programme. Cette adaptation doit se faire dès l’implantation du programme. Background : For health programs made in developing countries, non-sustainability of the changes and progress is an important phenomenon (Pluyer, Potvin, & Denis, 2004). However, few studies have been conducted to present solutions to this problem. To find possible answers to the issue, we have decided to do a case study on the national program of multi-sectoral fights against HIV/AIDS (PNMLS) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2004, the program was implemented with the help of the World Bank through the MAP (Multi Aids Program). In 2010, MAP stopped its involvement in the program. Objectives : The goal of our research was to determine, three years after MAP stopped its involvement, what was the level of sustainability of the results achieved by the program back in 2010. Our other goal was to detect what were the factors that influenced the sustainability of those results. Methods: We did a review of existing literature on sustainability and developed a theoretical framework that shows the dynamic between factors that could influence the sustainability of results. We have observed the PNLMS in its ecosystem to in order to identify what factors had an influence on the sustainability of results. We had interviews with key players and did a review of all publications that were made on the PNMLS. This method helped us so to find answers to our research questions. Result: our research supports the concept that a multisectoral approach can have a positive impact on the sustainability of results. However, it is important to adapt the multi-sectoral approach to the environment and the ecosystem in which the program operates. This adjustment must be made from the implementation stage of the program.

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    Authors: Beguería, Santiago; Sans, Fabienne; Antigüedad, Iñaki; Cakir, Roxelane; +20 Authors

    [FR] Le changement climatique récent est l'une des principales menaces à la durabilité des sociétés humaines. Les rapports du GIEC, l'Accord de Paris ou les Conférences des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique attestent de l'intérêt politique mondial à agir de toute urgence pour atténuer le changement climatique. Cependant, les efforts d'atténuation ne suffisent pas à minimiser les conséquences négatives du changement climatique. Il est nécessaire, parallèlement aux mesures d'atténuation, de développer des stratégies d'adaptation qui permettent de minimiser les risques que le changement climatique fait peser sur les sociétés. Dans une optique nécessairement locale, l'élaboration de stratégies d'adaptation doit reposer sur une évaluation de la vulnérabilité de la société dans son ensemble ou de secteurs de celle-ci aux conséquences attendues du changement climatique. Ce volume explore les options d'adaptation au changement climatique en relation avec la gestion des ressources en eau dans une région transfrontalière importante telle que la chaîne de montagnes des Pyrénées. Après une évaluation générale des ressources en eau de la région et de leur gouvernance, sept études de cas locales et régionales sont présentées où, en collaboration avec les acteurs locaux, différentes options d'adaptation sont explorées. [ES] El cambio climático reciente es una de las principales amenazas para la sostenibilidad de las sociedades humanas. Los informes del IPCC, el Acuerdo de París o las Conferencias de las Naciones Unidas sobre cambio climático atestiguan el interés político global por emprender con urgencia acciones para la mitigación del cambio climático. Los esfuerzos en mitigación, sin embargo, no son suficientes para minimizar las consecuencias negativas del cambio climático. Es necesario, en paralelo a las medidas de mitigación, desarrollar estrategias de adaptación que permitan minimizar los riesgos que supone el cambio climático para las sociedades. Con un enfoque necesariamente local, el desarrollo de estrategias de adaptación debe partir de una evaluación de la vulnerabilidad del conjunto de la sociedad o de sectores de ésta a las consecuencias esperables del cambio climático. En este volumen se exploran opciones de adaptación al cambio climático en relación con la gestión de los recursos hídricos de una importante región transfronteriza como es la cordillera de los Pirineos. Tras una evaluación general sobre los recursos hídricos de la región y su gobernanza, se presentan siete casos de estudio locales y regionales donde, en colaboración con los actores locales, se exploran diferentes opciones de adaptación. [EN] Recent climate change is one of the main threats to the sustainability of human societies. The reports of the IPCC, the Paris Agreement or the United Nations Conferences on climate change attest to the global political interest in urgently taking action to mitigate climate change. Mitigation efforts, however, are not enough to minimize the negative consequences of climate change. It is necessary, in parallel to the mitigation measures, to develop adaptation strategies that make it possible to minimize the risks that climate change poses to societies. With a necessarily local focus, the development of adaptation strategies must be based on an assessment of the vulnerability of society as a whole or of sectors of it to the expected consequences of climate change. This volume explores options for adaptation to climate change in relation to the management of water resources in an important transboundary region such as the Pyrenees mountain range. After a general assessment of the region's water resources and their governance, seven local and regional case studies are presented where, in collaboration with the relevant stakeholders, different adaptation options are explored. This book has been supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain France Andorra program (POCTEFA 2014-2020), by Fundación Biodiversidad of the Spanish Ministry for the Ecologic Transition and Demographic Challenge, and the autor's institutions: CSIC, UPV/EHU, UB, OE, IGME, CNRS, BRGM, INRAE and OBSA. [EN] One PDF files with the pre-print version of the document; [ES] Un archivo PDF con la versión de pie-impresión del documento; [FR] Un fichier PDF avec la version pré-imprimée du document. Peer reviewed

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    DIGITAL.CSIC
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    Authors: Stephenson, D. G.;
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    Authors: Ashton, H. E.;

    Ce Digest a étudié l'action de la radiation sur les matériaux organiques de construction lorsqu'elle est combinée avec celle d'autres éléments atmosphériques. La sévérité des dommages grandissant avec les attaques conjuguées, il importe de prendre des mesures préventives destinées à réduire la dégradation à un niveau acceptable. On peut produire des polymères que les UV n'affectent pas, ou incorporer des composés qui absorbent ou réfléchissent les UV. Il appartient naturellement aux producteurs de matériaux d'appliquer ces méthodes; il est cependant important que les concepteurs de bâtiments n'ignorent ni les faits qui précèdent, ni les limitations qu'ils imposent au comportement des matériaux.

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  • Authors: Hiwasaki, Lisa; Déry, Steve; Bleau, Nathalie;

    Notre prémisse commence avec les inégalités : la santé de la planète et de l’humanité est dépendante de notre capacité à les réduire. Les inégalités plongent toutes les sociétés dans des crises interreliées : environnementale, climatique, énergétique, agricole, économique, sociale, santé publique. Alors que certains individus et groupes sont touchés disproportionnellement plus que d'autres, tout le monde, à tous les niveaux de la société, souffre des effets négatifs des inégalités. Les défis de compréhension touchent deux domaines principaux : d’une part, la population et la manière dont elle consomme la planète ; d’autre part, l’adaptation aux changements, en particulier à ceux induits par les problèmes socioenvironnementaux causés par notre système socioéconomique global. Notre contribution collective – ce qu’on peut extraire des articles composant ce numéro spécial et leur mise en contexte – est double. Premièrement, elle s’attache à mieux comprendre la complexité des sources d’inégalités, regroupées autour de quatre thèmes : l’information ; les enjeux de pouvoir ; les bonnes intentions de développement et leurs effets négatifs ; les questions systémiques, en particulier celles reliées au foncier. De plus, existe un besoin pressant de comprendre les défis socioenvironnementaux soulevés par les inégalités : par exemple, ceux reliés aux connaissances scientifiques, à la nature dynamique des situations diverses, à la mise en œuvre des projets de réduction de ces mêmes inégalités, aux obstacles mis en place, ainsi qu’à d’autres défis en lien avec les questions de vulnérabilité et de justice. Sur cette base, deuxièmement, cette introduction explore aussi quelques pistes de solutions, examinées aux échelles locale, nationale et mondiale. Des solutions systémiques multiscalaires font partie intégrante de la lutte contre les inégalités, afin de parvenir à un monde plus équitable et plus juste. We begin with inequalities: the health of the planet and humanity depends on our ability to reduce them. Inequalities lead societies into interrelated crises: environmental, climatic, energetic, agricultural, economic, social, and public health. While certain individuals and groups are disproportionately more affected than others, everyone at all levels of society suffer from negative impacts of inequalities. To improve our understanding of these inequalities, we focus on two main areas: the population and the way in which it consumes the planet; and adaptation to stresses, in particular those induced by socio-environmental problems caused by our global socio-economic system. Our contribution is twofold. First, the articles together highlight the need to better understand the complex sources of inequalities, which we group into four main categories: information; issues of power; good intentions for development and their adverse effects; and systemic questions, particularly those related to land. In addition, there is a need to understand the socio-environmental challenges that arise from inequalities, which are: those related to scientific knowledge; linked to dynamic nature of diverse situations; concern implementation of projects that aim to reduce inequalities; surrounding obstacles; and other challenges that involve issues of vulnerability and justice. Based on these understandings, our second contribution is the exploration of some solutions, examined from local, national, to global scales. Systemic solutions at different scales are integral to tackle inequalities, in order to achieve a more equitable and just world.

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