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Resumo: O presente estudo avaliou a influência de parâmetros físico-químicos na previsão de geração de biogás a partir da co-digestão da fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos (FORSU) inoculados com dejeto suíno nas proporções 1 gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo e 3gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo. Todos os tratamentos foram conduzidos em modo batelada e temperatura constante (32ºC) por 50 dias. Os parâmetros monitorados foram umidade, sólidos totais voláteis (STV) e pH e permitiram avaliar a influência de cada um no processo e sua ação conjunta na condução da biodigestão e consequente geração de biogás. A análise dos parâmetros fisicoquímicos indicou condições favoráveis ao processo de biodigestão. ; Abstract: The present work focused on evaluating the influence of physical-chemical parameters in the forecast of biogas generation from codigestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) codigested with swine manure at 1 gvs waste:1 gvs inoculum and 3gvs waste:1 gvs inoculum ratios. All treatments evaluated were carried out in batch mode and constant temperature (32ºC) for 50 days. Moisture content, volatile solids and pH parameters have been evaluated and allowed to determinate the influence of each one in the process of biodigestion and its influence in biogas generation. The physical-chemical analysis pointed out suitable conditions to biodigestion process. Keywords: Animal manure. Biogas. Codigestion.

This paper is a synthesis of the development of energy contracting simulator in Portugal "ARS Simulator". The simulator compares the prices of the energy traders and indicates to consumers the best option to contract energy. To make the comparison, the simulator uses trader���s data (energy prices) and the consumer���s data (energy bill, threephase or single-phase power supply and equipment's), to estimate its consumption and finally determine which trader will be the best choice. Neutro �� Terra, N.�� 21 (2018): Revista T��cnico-Cient��fica (Primeiro Semestre)

The institutional framework of contemporary society has changed since the boundary between public and private spheres became increasingly fluid, with the State no longer the only actor to regulate the behaviour of social actors, nor indeed, the only actor to problematize what is public. Other actors have also begun to develop their own initiatives in relation to public matters, and this also applies to the environmental agenda. In this context, this article aims to develop an approach to public sector initiatives aimed at the environment by examining the experiences of the Public Management and Citizenship program database and the recent activities of the Friends of the Amazon Network. The conclusion is that such an approach should consider at least three elements: Transversality - environmental impacts involve different areas of knowledge and governmental action; No Neutrality - understanding environmental impacts involves negotiation in the public arena; Governance - environmental issues require coordination and relationships between different actors.

Brazil is highly exposed to climate change risks. The impacts of global climate change risks and local practices on the Amazon and Cerrado biomes are of particular concern, as they provide vital ecosystem services to Brazil, the South American region, and the world. The Brazil Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) examines the implications of climate change and climate action for Brazil's development objectives and priorities. It identifies opportunities for Brazil to achieve both its development goals and its climate commitments. It lays out a combination of sectoral and economy-wide policy reforms, as well as targeted investments in near- and medium-term mitigation and adaptation measures to achieve more rapid and inclusive development with lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The idea is to maximize synergies between climate and development objectives, while addressing trade-offs among policy objectives and key transition challenges.

O presente trabalho foi realizado no município de Itaara, RS, Brasil, em uma Floresta Estacional Decidual secundária com 70 anos aproximadamente. O estudo teve como principal objetivo quantificar a biomassa acima do solo na floresta. Para tanto, foram abatidas vinte árvores distribuídas em cinco classes de diâmetros. As árvores abatidas foram separadas nas frações, madeira do fuste, casca do fuste, galhos e folhas. Em cada fração, foram retiradas amostras para determinação da umidade, determinado o peso seco de cada componente. A estimativa da biomassa foi obtida pelo uso da equação log y = b0 + b1 . log DAP. A produção total estimada de biomassa acima do solo foi de 210,0 Mg ha-1. Nessa estimativa, os galhos corresponderam a 48,8%, a madeira do fuste 43,3%, a casca do fuste 5,4%, e as folhas 2,4%. ; This work was carried out in the city of Itaara-RS, Brazil. The present work has as main objective the quantification of the above ground biomass. To do so, it had been cut down 20 trees and they were distributed in 5 different diameter classes. The trees had been separated in the components stem timber, stem bark, branches and leaves. In each fraction, samples for determination of humidity had been removed, of each component determined the dry weight. The estimate of the biomass was done by the use of the equation log y = b0 + b1 . log DAP. The total production of above ground biomass was 210,0 Mg ha-1. In this estimate, the branches had corresponded to 48,8% of the above ground biomass, followed by the shafts wood with 43,3%, bark with 5,4% and the leaves with 2,4%.

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The sun has an extremely important role in the existence of human beings, and Brazil has a privileged geographical position to explore sunlight. The union of these two factors favors the use of solar cells for converting solar energy into electricity by photovoltaic technology: it is a great alternative energy source, especially for being a clean one, causing less damage to the environment. This paper addresses the photovoltaic technology with a focus on hospitals, through case studies found in international literature, because hospitals, even running all important services to society, have a potential for pollution capable of causing damage to human health and the environment that is around them. It is estimated that the Brazilian oil reserves are sufficient for twenty-two years. This makes the search for alternative sources for power generation a necessity.

Mode of access: Internet.

Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da utilização de diferentes inóculos de dejeto suíno em diferentes proporções na determinação do potencial de geração de biogás a partir da fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Utilizou-se dejeto suíno como inóculo do RSU nas proporções 1 gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo e 3gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo. Todos os biodigestores foram incubados à temperatura constante (32ºC) por 50 dias. Observou-se que a geração média de biogás (volume gerado) foi altamente dependente da proporção resíduo:inóculo utilizada. A eficiência da mistura resíduo:inóculo na proporção 3:1 foi superior à proporção 1:1 em termos de volume de biogás gerado. ; Abstract: The present work focused on evaluating the influence in using swine manure inoculum in different proportions in order to determinate the biogas generation from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). We employed swine manure as inoculum of the MSW at 1 gvswaste:1gvsinoculum and 3 gvswaste:1gvsinoculum ratios. All biodigestors were incubated at constant temperature (32ºC) for 50 days. We could observe that the biogas generation (in volume) was highly dependent of the waste:inoculum ratio used. The efficiency of the blend 3:1 was upper compared to 1:1, taking into account the volume of biogas.

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