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Abstract. Regional land carbon budgets provide insights on the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000–2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions, due to different definitions and component fluxes reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers, that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definition and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to the globe and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, for the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims as an update of regional carbon budgets over the last two decades based on observations, for 10 regions covering the globe, with a better harmonization that the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversions results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water fluxes and land use fluxes.

Dataset (partial) for the journal article Torbaghan, Shahab Shariat, et al. "Designing day-ahead multi-carrier markets for flexibility: Models and clearing algorithms." Applied Energy 285 (2021): 116390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116390 Historical electricity bids obtained from the website of GME, the Italian power exchange, cannot be redistributed and are not included in the present dataset.

Baseline and future (2036-2065) river water levels and discharges at 4 gauging stations along the Cambodian Mekong (Kratie, Kampong Cham, Chrouy Changva, and Neak Loeung) under different scenarios of climate change (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and infrastructural developments. Average depth and duration flood maps are also included for each scenario. A full description of the methods and results can be found in the article: Alexander J. Horton, Nguyen V. K. Triet, Long P. Hoang, Sokchhay Heng, Panha Hok, Sarit Chung, Jorma Koponen, and Matti Kummu. (2022). The Cambodian Mekong floodplain under future development plans and climate change. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

This repository contains the dataset linked to the following publication: Article title: Synergistic effects of warming and internal nutrient loading interfere with the long-term stability of lake restoration and induce sudden re-eutrophication Journal: Environmental Science & Technology DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07181 Abstract: Phosphorus (P) precipitation is among the most effective treatments to mitigate lake eutrophication. However, after a period of high effectiveness, studies have shown possible re-eutrophication and the return of harmful algal blooms. While such abrupt ecological changes were attributed to the internal P loading, the role of lake warming and its potential synergistic effects with internal loading, thus far, has been understudied. Here, in a eutrophic lake in central Germany, we quantified the driving mechanisms of the abrupt re-eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms in 2016 (30 years after the first P precipitation). A process-based lake ecosystem model (GOTM-WET) was established using a high-frequency monitoring dataset covering contrasting trophic states. Model analyses suggested that the internal P release accounted for 68% of the cyanobacterial biomass proliferation, while lake warming contributed to 32%, including direct effects via promoting growth (18%) and synergistic effects via intensifying internal P loading (14%). The model further showed that the synergy was attributed to prolonged lake hypolimnion warming and oxygen depletion. Our study unravels the substantial role of lake warming in promoting cyanobacterial blooms in re-eutrophicated lakes. The warming effects on cyanobacteria via promoting internal loading need more attention in lake management, particularly for urban lakes. SYNOPSIS: Warming synergistically promotes re-eutrophication with internal nutrient loading and exacerbates cyanobacterial blooms in urban lakes 30 years after phosphorus mitigation. Data description by Xiangzhen Kong (xzkong@niglas.ac.cn), 2023-02-20 ---Wet chemical analysis on water samples taken at five depths (0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 m) from the deepest point in the lake (BA1) at biweekly intervals from 2018.5-2021.8. File name: BAB_BA1_TN_mgL.obs (total nitrogen concentration) BAB_BA1_NH4_mgL.obs (ammonium nitrogen concentration) BAB_BA1_NO3_mgL.obs (nitrate nitrogen concentration) BAB_BA1_TP_mgL.obs (total phosphorus concentration) BAB_BA1_SRP_mgL.obs (Soluble reactive phosphorus concentration) BAB_BA1_DP_mgL.obs (dissolved P concentration) BAB_BA1_DOC_mgL.obs (Dissolved organic carbon concentration) BAB_BA1_Si_mgL.obs (dissolved silicon concentration) BAB_BA1_Chla_HPLC_DIN_mgL.obs (Chl-a concentration) ---CTD probe profile data from the deepest point in the lake (BA1) from 2017.8 to 2021.8 at biweekly basis with approximately 0.1 m vertical resolution File name: t_prof_file_barleber_ctm644.obs (water temperature) oxy_prof_file_barleber_ctm644 (Dissolved oxygen) turb_prof_file_barleber_ctm644.obs (Turbidity) chla_prof_file_barleber_ctm644.obs (Chl-a concentration) ---BBE probe profile data from the deepest point in the lake (BA1) from 2017.8 to 2021.8 at biweekly basis with approximately 0.1 m vertical resolution File name: totalChla_prof_file_barleber_FP2101.obs (Chl-a concentration) bluegreen_prof_file_barleber_FP2101.obs (Blue-green algae Chl-a concentration) green_prof_file_barleber_FP2101.obs (Green algae Chl-a concentration) diatom_prof_file_barleber_FP2101.obs (Diatom Chl-a concentration)

Live woody vegetation is the largest reservoir of biomass carbon with its restoration considered one of the most effective natural climate solutions. However, carbon fluxes associated with terrestrial ecosystems still remain the largest source of uncertainty of the global carbon balance. Here, we develop spatially explicit estimates of global carbon stock changes of live woody biomass from 2000 to 2019 using measurements from ground, air, and space. We show live biomass has removed 4.9-5.5 PgC yr-1 from the atmosphere in this century, offsetting 4.6±0.1 PgC yr-1 of gross emissions from land-use and environmental disturbances and adding substantially (0.23-0.88 PgC yr-1) to the global carbon stocks. Gross emissions and removals in the tropics were four times larger than temperate and boreal ecosystems combined. Although live biomass is responsible for more than 80% of gross terrestrial fluxes, soil, dead organic matter, and lateral transport may play important roles in terrestrial carbon sink.