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Observations with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) have enhanced our knowledge of nearby supernova (SN) remnants with ages younger than 500 yr by establishing Cassiopeia A and the remnant of Tycho’s SN as very-high-energy (VHE) γ-ray sources. The remnant of Kepler’s SN, which is the product of the most recent naked-eye SN in our Galaxy, is comparable in age to the other two, but is significantly more distant. If the γ-ray luminosities of the remnants of Tycho’s and Kepler’s SNe are similar, then the latter is expected to be one of the faintest γ-ray sources within reach of the current generation IACT arrays. Here we report evidence at a statistical level of 4.6σ for a VHE signal from the remnant of Kepler’s SN based on deep observations by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) with an exposure of 152 h. The measured integral flux above an energy of 226 GeV is ∼0.3% of the flux of the Crab Nebula. The spectral energy distribution (SED) reveals a γ-ray emitting component connecting the VHE emission observed with H.E.S.S. to the emission observed at GeV energies with Fermi-LAT. The overall SED is similar to that of the remnant of Tycho’s SN, possibly indicating the same nonthermal emission processes acting in both these young remnants of thermonuclear SNe. Astronomy and astrophysics 662, A65 (2022). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243096 Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

In this paper we present an optical characterization for quantum dot intermediate band solar cells (QDIBSCs). The cells were developed by growing a stack of ten InAs/GaAs QDs layers between p and n doped GaAs conventional emitters. Electroluminescence, EL, photoreflectance, PR, and transmission electron microscopy, TEM, were applied to the samples in order to test and characterize them optically. The results, derived from the application of the different techniques, showed a good correlation. TEM images revealed a very good structural quality of the QDs, which seem to evolve in shape-strain from the bottom to the top of the stack. Corresponding to the quality observed by TEM, strong signals from EL and PR resolved unambiguously the energy band diagram of the QDIBSCs. By fitting PR data we were able to indentify the coexistence of bands and discrete energy levels coming from the IB material. The PR data evidenced also a strong electric field over the dots, attributed to the space charge region created between the p-n emitters sandwiching the IB material. From EL results, we identified the predominantly radiative nature of the IB material related energy transitions. 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 298-301

Contract-based nature protection schemes are a voluntary mechanism, with a limited contract duration, that aim to raise the acceptance of biodiversity conservation practices in agriculture among farmers and other land users. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the institutional settings of contract-based nature protection based on the��� ���Institutions of Sustainability��� (IoS) framework in the German Rhine-Sieg district, and to outline the way in which policy measures should be designed to encourage farmers to participate in contract-based nature protection programmes. This was achieved by answering research questions to identify the challenges, potentials and obstacles of a contract-based nature protection scheme in different ���sub-arenas��� as defined in the IoS framework. Qualitative research methods were used as the methodology. The analysis shows that main constraints for sufficient implementation of contract-based nature protection schemes are the limited consideration of the impact of climate change during the contract period, the limited consideration of regional conditions as regards the measures taken on the ground and an inflexible contract duration. International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 13, No 1 (2022)

This paper examines how double exposure to both socio-economic and environmental stressors and the interaction between the two affect the population of the Northern coast of the São Paulo State, Brazil based on the conceptual and analytical framework developed by R. Leichenko and K.L. O’Brien. It provides a useful way to examine the multiple and overlapping processes of global change and, in particular, the places and the ways in which the economic and the non-economic interact. Interactions between economic and environmental change shape local landscapes of vulnerability and a major challenge for understanding vulnerability involves identifying how economic and environmental processes interact in particular places and how these interactions shape the effects of some global change processes and drive others. Pathways to increased vulnerability are multidimensional, so that socio-economic conditions may mediate the impacts of environmental change, but changing environmental conditions may also alter socio-economic capacities to maintain particular livelihood strategies. By analysing case studies of four municipalities that compound the region we found that people’s resilience, in general, are largely determined by the socio-economic context and the social vulnerability. Our finding indicate that socio-economic change brought about in the last three decades due to intense urbanization, tourism exploitation and increasingly economic activities have altered people’s livelihood and deepened social problems. We argue that the cross-scale nature of the problem and the cross-level interactions of these processes pose significant challenges for governance structures and institutions in place in the region that fail to address the roots of vulnerability and consequences of a changing environment.

The landscape of supply chain and logistics is changing at the fast past than ever due to digitalization. Everyday, new technologies are emerging and having impact on how logistics activities will be carried out. Furthermore, the acceptance of these technologies depends on the initial perception of stakeholders in logistics. This presentation outlines impact of nine various emerging technologies on future of logistics as perceived by experts in supply chain and logistics. - Results were presented during the 13th ITS European Congress special session.

We consider next generation solar cells concepts those that have the potential to exceed the limiting efficiency calculated by Shockley and Queisser for single gap solar cells (40.7 %) and still have not been commercialized. Among these concepts, this paper deals with the multiple exciton generation (or impact ionization or multiple carrier generation) solar cell, the intermediate band solar cell and the hot carrier solar cell. These concepts were proposed theoretically more than ten years ago. In the last years, the number of experiments supporting the theories behind and paving the way towards their practical implementation has leaped forward. This work reviews these experimental advances. 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4-9

Research software has become a central asset in academic research. In Germany, the German Research Foundation (DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) recently updated the Guidelines for Safeguarding Good Research Practice. Research software is now valued similarly to classic publications and data with implications for research software sustainability and legal aspects. In this document, we present four decision trees and corresponding legal documentation tables to aid researchers. The decision trees should ease to identify i) the software policy of your institution, ii) restrictions imposed by contributors and the environment, iii) licensing collisions if 3rd party software is included, and iv) problems in licensing (existing) research software. {"references": ["Anzt H, Bach F, Druskat S et al. An environment for sustainable research software in Germany and beyond: current state, open challenges, and call for action [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2020, 9:295", "https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/foerderung/rechtliche_rahmenbedingungen/ gute_wissenschaftliche_praxis/kodex_gwp_en.pdf"]}

The ButaNexT project aims to demonstrate the techno-economic feasibility of the conversion of two sustainable lignocellulosic feedstocks (wheat straw and miscanthus) available at EU level, into biobutanol through the integration of different technology developments. The project has ended recently and the main achievements of the consortium have been the following: (1) design, construction and operation of a micronizing pilot prototype for controlled biomass particle size production up to 0.5 mm with a more reduced energy consumption and able to be scalable to industrial size; (2) development of a flexible and easy to adapt two-step fractionation process based on the combination of the micronizing prototype with a continuous thermochemical pretreatment; (3) development of tailored enzyme cocktails (MetZyme® SUNO™) that address harsh process-specific conditions and facilitate improved hydrolysis of pretreated biomass to monosaccharides; (4) development of a Clostridial strain able to ferment cellulosic sugars effectively (target butanol yield > 0.25 g/g pure sugar) and having 20% higher butanol tolerance than baseline strain; (5) development of a patent-pending “In situ product recovery process” based on improved pervaporation fluxes obtained during fermentation that allows continuous operation; (6) validation of the technical performance of the individual stages cited above in a pilot facility using wheat straw as feedstock from handling to product recovery in a 100 L bioreactor; (7) testing of properties and performance of butanol as a blend component in both diesel and gasoline fuels and (8) calculation of GHG emissions of biobutanol in a number of different scenarios based on the use of wheat straw and miscanthus as feedstocks and for the provision of heat, electricity and waste water treatment. Proceedings of the 26th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 14-17 May 2018, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 984-990