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Brüssel-Hauptstadt: Standort der Gebäude, für die die Aufforderungen zur Einreichung von Vorschlägen für „Exemplary Buildings“ ausgewählt wurden, die mit dem Ziel organisiert wurden, Initiativen im Bereich des ökologischen Baus und der integrierten Renovierung zu fördern. Um ausgewählt zu werden, müssen die Gewinner eine Reihe von Kriterien in Bezug auf Energie und Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, aber auch Komfort und Ästhetik erfüllen, wobei sie für den Brüsseler Markt finanziell zugänglich bleiben. Der Datensatz enthält die Anzahl und Bezeichnung der Projekte sowie einen Link zu einem Factsheet zur Beschreibung. Περιφέρεια Βρυξελλών-Πρωτευούσης: η τοποθεσία των επιτυχημένων κτιρίων των «παραδειγματικών κτιρίων» απαιτεί έργα που διοργανώνονται για την ενθάρρυνση της οικολογικής κατασκευής και της ολοκληρωμένης ανακαίνισης. Για να επιλεγούν, οι νικητές πρέπει να πληρούν μια σειρά κριτηρίων όσον αφορά τη διαχείριση της ενέργειας, του νερού και των αποβλήτων, καθώς και την άνεση και την αισθητική, ενώ παράλληλα θα παραμένουν οικονομικά προσπελάσιμοι στην αγορά των Βρυξελλών. Η βάση δεδομένων παρέχει αριθμούς και ονόματα έργων, καθώς και τον σύνδεσμο προς ένα περιγραφικό φύλλο. Región de Bruselas Capital: la ubicación de los edificios de éxito de los «Edificios ejemplares» convoca proyectos organizados para fomentar la ecoconstrucción y la renovación integrada. Para ser seleccionados, los ganadores deben cumplir una serie de criterios en términos de gestión de la energía, el agua y los residuos, así como el confort y la estética, al tiempo que siguen siendo accesibles desde el punto de vista financiero para el mercado de Bruselas. La base de datos proporciona números y nombres del proyecto, así como el enlace a una hoja descriptiva. Réigiún Caipitil na Bruiséile: tá gá le tionscadail a eagraíodh chun éicea-thógáil agus athchóiriú comhtháite a spreagadh chun foirgnimh rathúla na “Foirgneamh eiseamláireach” a aimsiú. Chun go roghnófar iad, ní mór do na buaiteoirí cloí le raon critéar i dtaca le fuinneamh, uisce agus bainistiú dramhaíola, chomh maith le compord agus aeistéitic, agus rochtain airgeadais a choinneáil ar mhargadh na Bruiséile ag an am céanna. Soláthraíonn an bunachar sonraí uimhreacha agus ainmneacha na dtionscadal, chomh maith leis an nasc chuig bileog thuairisciúil. Région de Bruxelles-Capitale : localisation des bâtiments lauréats des appels à projets "Bâtiments Exemplaires" organisés en vue d'encourager les démarches d'éco-construction et rénovation intégrée. Pour être sélectionnés, les lauréats doivent répondre à une série de critères en matière d'énergie, de gestion de l'eau et des déchets, mais aussi de confort et d'esthétisme tout en restant accessibles financièrement pour le marché bruxellois. La base de données fournit les numéros et noms de projets, ainsi que le lien vers une fiche descriptive. Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest: lokalisatie van de winnende gebouwen van de projectoproep "Voorbeeldgebouwen" die georganiseerd wordt om ecoconstuctie- en geïntegreerde renovatieprojecten aan te moedigen. Om geselecteerd te worden, moeten de laureaten aan een reeks criteria op de vlak van energie, waterbeheer en afvalstoffen alsook comfort en esthetiek voldoen en tegelijkertijd financieel toegankelijk blijven voor de Brusselse markt. Die gegevens bevatten het nummer en de naam van het project, en een link naar een beschrijvende fiche. Regiunea Bruxelles-Capitală: amplasarea clădirilor de succes ale „Clădirilor Exemplare” necesită proiecte organizate pentru a încuraja construcția ecologică și renovarea integrată. Pentru a fi selectați, câștigătorii trebuie să îndeplinească o serie de criterii în ceea ce privește energia, apa și gestionarea deșeurilor, precum și confortul și estetica, rămânând totodată accesibile din punct de vedere financiar pieței de la Bruxelles. Baza de date oferă numere și nume de proiecte, precum și linkul către o foaie descriptivă. Brussels-Capital Region: location of the buildings winning the "Exemplary Buildings" calls for proposals organised with the aim of encouraging initiatives in eco-construction and integrated renovation. In order to be selected, winners must fulfil a series of criteria with regard to energy and management of water and waste, but also comfort and aesthetics, all while remaining financially accessible for the Brussels market. The dataset contains the number and name of the projects, and a link to an description factsheet. Região de Bruxelas-Capital: localização dos edifícios bem sucedidos dos «Edifícios Exemplares» convites à apresentação de projetos organizados para incentivar a ecoconstrução e a renovação integrada. Para serem selecionados, os vencedores devem satisfazer uma série de critérios em termos de energia, água e gestão de resíduos, bem como de conforto e estética, mantendo-se financeiramente acessíveis ao mercado de Bruxelas. O banco de dados fornece números e nomes do projeto, bem como o link para uma folha descritiva. Brüsszel fővárosi régió: a „Példaként szolgáló épületek” sikeres épületeinek elhelyezkedése olyan projektekre irányul, amelyek célja az ökoépítés és az integrált felújítás ösztönzése. A kiválasztáshoz a nyerteseknek számos kritériumnak kell megfelelniük az energia-, víz- és hulladékgazdálkodás, valamint a kényelem és az esztétika tekintetében, miközben továbbra is pénzügyileg hozzáférhetők a brüsszeli piac számára. Az adatbázis tartalmazza a projektszámokat és neveket, valamint a leíró lapra mutató linket.

This dataset and codebook correspond to the initial round of survey data gathered in France in 2022, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. In the first round of the survey, we recruited a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country, taking into account both the individual and household perspectives. The survey includes a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in various domains of life, such as housing, mobility, and diet. In addition to this, the survey also measures socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort.

Keywords: infrastructures routieres ; revetements routiers ; changement climatique ; performances ; ornierage ; dimensionnement au gel ; dimensionnement mecanistique-empirique ; duree de vie ; analyse de risque ; mesures d’adaptation ; road infrastructures ; pavements ; climate change ; performance ; rutting ; frost design ; mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide ; design life ; risk analysis ; adaptation measures These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 5611 (2013)Programme doctoral EnvironnementFaculte de l'environnement naturel, architectural et construitInstitut d'ingenierie civileLaboratoire des voies de circulationJury: J.-L. Scartezzini (president), C. Angst, A. Carter, A. Schleiss Public defense: 2013-2-15 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-5611Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2013-02-11, modified on 2016-08-09

EN alone is often insufficient, or occasionally contraindicated, in critically ill patients and results in growing energy and protein deficit. The cost benefit of using early PN in patients with short-term relative contraindications to EN has been reported. In selected patients SPN has been associated with a decreased risk of infection, a reduced duration of mechanical ventilation, a shorter stay in the ICU. Altogether four studies have investigated the costs associated with these interventions since 2012: two of them from Australia and Switzerland have shown that optimization of energy provision using SPN results in cost reduction, conflicting with other studies. The latter encouraging findings require further validation

Point 3.16 de l'ordre du jour

This study provides a tool by means of which a road planner, usually a civil engineer, can achieve a durable infrastructure of high quality, acceptable to all parties concerned. The various elements which facilitate the work of planning are united into a modernized methodology for the elaboration of road projects, called a methodology of concert. After analysing the sort of problems encountered in the planning of road infrastructure (Chapter 1), the author classifies the main causes of these into a hierarchy. This brings to light many factors which may stem from the structure of the project, the environment or from the various participants. The modernization of the working methods of road planners is a highly practical idea based on case studies (Chapter 2). The particular study on which this work is based is the "Comparaison de variantes 1999", made on the A 144 road between the cities of Villeneuve and Le Bouveret. From an initial group of four variants, which were a source of much contention between the interested parties, an optimal and consensual solution, called "Solution COPIL", was evolved in seven months, by means of this study. The choice of this solution was based on a method of multicriteria decision analysis of a completely aggregational form. This used the weightings defined by all the political partners in the study. The present author was allowed to sit in on about fifteen working sessions of the Technical Group and of the Guiding Committee, which consists of the political partners. The examination of this particular case provided him with much valuable information about the process of elaboration of a road plan. The requirements and aims of road infrastructure are analysed (Chapter 3). Here, the focus is on the definition of individual and collective needs and the evolution of social expectation of the general public. The implementation of public policy is then examined. Particular emphasis is laid on the principal public policies whose spatial incidence affects the road plan : land distribution, transport and environment. Some attention is paid to the consideration of mobility, its value, characteristics and future developments. The difference between the standard and the norm of road infrastructure is described explicitly. The various stages of the process of elaboration of a road plan are analysed in depth. (Chapter 4) Particular attention is paid to the initial stages of impulsion for the elaboration of the project and of the identification of needs, since these influence strongly the quality and the acceptability of the project. The author then proposes that the various stages of road infrastructure be presented in the form of a life cycle of which the present study only concerns some aspects. Various special procedures are then analysed critically in order to extract propositions to be integrated into the methodology of concert. The type of partners in the road project and the characteristics of the relationships between them are discussed. (Chapter 5) The set of weightings made by the political partners in the case study "Comparaison de variantes 1999" are used to analyze the relations between the various participants in this study. A "representative profile of a participant" is defined from the examination of their individual weighting profiles. The notion of sustainability is presented (Chapter 6). After a recapitulation of definitions and of the reasons for this new idea, the principles of a durable mobility are presented. The practical aspects of this new paradigm of society for the planner are defined and discussed. They concern the inclusion of the life cycle in the analysis of the effects of a project, the weighing of interests from the three points of view of economy, social utility and the environment, public participation and the use of consultation right from the start of the study. Public participation (Chapter 7) is an important element in the elaboration of a road plan as it ensures its acceptation by the public. It may even allow the phenomenon of appropriation of a project by peripheral partners to develop. The various forms of public participation are presented in a table showing almost seventy which can affect a road project. The detailed description of some of these methods are given in appendix. Rules for applying the methodology of concert are then presented and the advantages and limits of this are discussed. After in-depth consideration of the decision procedure and its participants, with details of the various subjective and objective factors which may influence it, the study describes the methods of multicriteria decision analysis. (Chapter 8) Terminology is defined and the main types of these methods are presented. In this study, partial aggregation methods have been applied to the road infrastructure projects. These methods may be divided into three categories according to whether they are applicable to a situation of choice, of sorting or of order. A complete presentation is then given of the principles and ways of using the various methods of partial aggregation of the Electre family (I, II, III, IV, IS and Tri). For projects of road infrastructure, the method of partial aggregation Electre III is suggested. This method is based on the idea of fuzzy criteria, defined by thresholds of preference, indifference or of veto. It can be used with computer software which greatly simplifies the work of the planner. To illustrate the use of this method, Electre III have been applied to the case of "Comparaison de variantes 1999". The method was used on the set of weightings defined by the members of the Guiding Committee. The specific software is convivial and intuitively simple to use, so that the author was able to recommend it to the road planner. Information systems of spatial reference are described and their relevance for road projects in the establishment of optimal corridors or as a support for a method of multicriteria decision analysis. The methodology of concert for the elaboration of road plans is presented in detail (Chapter 9) in the form of successive flow diagrams illustrating the various stages of the procedure. These diagrams, based on an iterative process of study, provide the basis of the methodology of concert. They are intended for the road planner who follows them through and orients his planning according to his answers to the various questions contained there. In conclusion (Chapter 10), various prospects for the utilization of the proposed modernized methodology are indicated, together with the lines of possible future research suggested by the results and ideas contained in this study.

The pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, native to the USA, is responsible of the pine wilt disease, causing large economic losses in the pine forests of all countries where it has been introduced. It uses as vector an insect of the genus Monochamus, e.g. M.galloprovincialis in Europe The objective of this thesis is to provide information about the dispersalabilities of, this beetle in order to better predict the spread rate of the PWN. Using flight mill experiments, we showed that immature adult beetles were able to fly since their emergence. The meanflight performance was ca. 500m per day, increasing with weight gain during the maturation period.There was no trade-offs in energy allocation between reproduction and dispersion. We therefore suggest that M. galloprovincialis is both "income breeder" and "capital disperser". Mature beetles were able to fly a total of 16km on average during their lifetime, with individual flights of ca. 1km. Flight performances increased with age and body weight, being equal for males and females. Because flight capacity remained constant across time, we suggested that the total distance potentially covered by beetles was mainly driven by their longevity. In a rearing experiment under controlled conditions we estimated the adult lifespan at 4 months. It was reduced under temperature regime with higheryearly thermal fluctuations. These results have important implications for the management of the PWN since they demonstrate that precautionary clear-cuts of 500m radius are likely to be ineffective in eradicating the disease. Le nématode du pin Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, originaire des Etats-Unis, est responsable de dépérissements massifs dans les forêts de pin des pays où il a été introduit. Il utilise comme vecteur un insecte du genre Monochamus, notamment M. galloprovincialis en Europe. L’objectif de cette thèse est de fournir des informations concernant les capacités de dispersion de ce coléoptère afin de mieux prédire le risque d'invasion. A l'aide d'expériences en manège de vol, nous avons montré que les adultes émergents, encore immatures, sont déjà en mesure de maintenir des vols soutenus. Ils peuvent parcourir une distance d'environ 500m par jour et les capacités de vol augmentent avec la prise de poids pendant la phase de maturation sexuelle. Il n'existe pas de compromis d'allocation de l'énergie entre fonctions de dispersion et de reproduction pendant cette période et nous proposons de qualifier ces insectes de "income breeder" et "capital disperser". A l'état mature M. galloprovincialis est capable de voler un total de 16 km, avec des vols individuels d'environ1 km; ces performances augmentent avec l'âge et le poids des insectes. Le maintien des capacités de vol tout au long de la vie adulte de M. galloprovincialis conduit à proposer que les distances potentiellement parcourues dépendent surtout de la longévité de l'insecte. Dans une expérience d'élevage en conditions contrôlées nous avons montré que la vie adulte dure au moins 4 mois, augmentant quand les fluctuations thermiques sont atténuées. Ces résultats ont des implications pour la gestion de B. xylophilus en Europe puisqu'ils démontrent que la méthode d'éradication par coupe rase sur un rayon de 500m est probablement inopérante.

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