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Renewable energy has become more popular since it is cost-effective and more efficient than conventional energy sources. Biomass-based renewable energy is primarily used in emerging economies to ensure environmental sustainability. This study examines the asymmetric correlation between biomass energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the top-10 biomass energy consumer countries (Brazil, Canada, Thailand, China, Italy, India, Germany, USA, UK, and Japan). A new approach "Quantile-onQuantile (QQ)" is employed by utilizing the data from 1991 to 2018. Biomass energy consumption, with the exception of Thailand, significantly mitigates CO2 emissions at various quantiles in selected countries. As a robustness check, we used the quantile regression test, whose findings are consistent with the outcomes from the quantile-on-quantile method. However, the degree of asymmetry in the biomass energy-CO2 nexus varies by country, necessitating extra attention and government vigilance when developing biomass energy and environmental policies.

After a halt of four years, the n TOF spallation neutron facility at CERN has resumed operation in November 2008 with a new spallation target characterized by an improved safety and engineering design, resulting in a more robust overall performance and e cient cooling. The rst measurement during the 2009 run has aimed at the full characterization of the neutron beam. Several detectors, such as calibrated ssion chambers, the n TOF Silicon Monitor, a Mi- croMegas detector with 10B and 235U samples, as well as liquid and solid scintillators have been used in order to characterize the properties of the neutron uence. The spatial pro le of the beam has been studied with a specially designed \X-Y

Abstract Metallic solid-liquid phase change materials (SLPCMs) are crucial for the thermal energy storage technology of various industrial systems. However, the encapsulation of metallic SLPCMs is still technically difficult. In this pursuit, the present research envisaged the development of a novel technology to successfully prepare the core(=Al-Si/Bi)/void/shell(=Al2O3) composite SLPCMs by using Al/Bi immiscible alloy powders as starting material and tetraethoxysilane as SiO2 source. The Al-Si alloy and Al2O3 shell were in-situ synthesized by the displacement reaction between SiO2 and molten Al. Interestingly, most of the Bi distributed in the shell of Al/Bi immiscible alloy powders could not only improve the activity of alloy powders and promote the formation of precursor shell, but also be recycled by evaporation to form the void layer during the calcination process of composite SLPCMs. The produced void layer provided a space buffer to alleviate the volume expansion of the core SLPCM, and thereby improving the thermal cycling stability of the prepared composite SLPCMs. The thermal cycling test results showed that after 300 thermal cycles, the melting latent heat reduction of the core(=Al-Si/Bi)/void/shell(=Al2O3) composite SLPCMs (24.3–31.7 J/g) was much less than that of the core(=Al-Si)/shell(=Al2O3) composite SLPCM (58.1 J/g). Moreover, the prepared Al-Si/Bi/Al2O3 exhibited an adjustable melting temperature (571.9 °C to 631.9 °C) and average particle diameter (39.3 μm to 112.6 μm), relatively high thermal conductivity [2.068 W(mK)−1 to 2.966 W(mK)−1], and excellent thermal energy storage capacity (209.5 J/g to 278.2 J/g). Thus, the prepared Al-Si/Bi/Al2O3 composite SLPCMs are potential thermal energy storage materials, which can be used to improve the energy efficiency of various industrial systems.

Abstract Nanofluids have been introduced for the enhancement in the heat transfer phenomena in the last few years. In this paper a corrugated bottom triangular solar collector has been studied introducing water based nanofluids inside the enclosure. The corrugated bottom is kept at a constant high temperature whereas the side walls of the triangular enclosure are kept at a low temperature. Three types of nanoparticles are taken into consideration: Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2. The effect of solid volume fraction (ϕ) of the nanoparticle of nanofluid has been studied numerically by Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element for a wide range of Grashof number (Gr) 104–106. Calculations are carried out for ϕ = 0, 0.05, 0.08, and 0.1 and dimensionless time, τ = 0.1, 0.5, and 1. For the specified conditions streamlines and isotherm contours are obtained and detailed results of the interaction between different parameters are studied using overall Nusselt number. It has been found that both Grashof number and solid volume fraction have significant influence on streamlines and isotherms in the enclosure. It is also found that heat transfer increased by 24.28% from the heated surface as volume fraction ϕ increases from 0% to 10% at Gr = 106 and τ = 1 for copper water nanofluid.

Abstract This paper contributes to the existing literature as well as policy debates by examining energy intensity and its determinants in China's regional economies. The analysis is based on a comprehensive database of China's regional energy balance constructed for this project. Through its focus on regional China, this study extends the existing literature, which mainly covers nationwide studies. It is found in this paper that energy intensity declined substantially in China. The main contributing factor is the improvement in energy efficiency. Changes in the economic structure have so far affected energy intensity modestly. Thus there is considerable scope to reduce energy intensity through the structural transformation of the Chinese economy in the future.

This paper proposes an improved L index which is adapted to analyze the voltage stability of power system with the ZIP loads. First it introduces derivation of the traditional L index. Then, it analyzes the differences between ZIP loads and PQ loads and then proposes an improved version of L index based on the derivation. Furthermore, the proposed improved index is used to analyze the voltage stability under different operation conditions of the power system with ZIP loads. The simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed improved L index.

In Belgium, and many other countries, rooftop solar panels are becoming a ubiquitous form of decentralised energy production. The increasing share of these distributed installations however imposes many challenges on the operators of the low-voltage distribution grid. They must keep the voltage levels and voltage balance on their grids in check and are often regulatory required to provide sufficient reception capacity for new power producing installations. By placing solar panels in different inclinations and azimuth angles, power production profiles can possibly be shifted to align more with residential power consumption profiles. In this article, it is investigated if the orientation of solar panels can have a mitigating impact on the integration problems on residential low voltage distribution grids. An improved simulation model of a solar panel installation is constructed, which is used to simulate the impact on a residential distribution grid. To stay as close to real-life conditions as possible, real irradiation data and a model of an existing grid are used. Both the developed model as the results on grid impact are evaluated.