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利用合成生物学构建人工生命体及采用组装生物合成途径生产抗疟疾药物青蒿素的成功,引起了人们对合成生物学的极大关注.本文主要介绍合成生物学在医药、生物能源、生物基化学品及其他工业领域的应用进展概况.医药领域包括青蒿素、抗生素、合成抗体、新的治疗方法及新药开发、分析诊断试剂研究等;能源领域包括生物制氢、生物产乙醇、生物产脂肪烃、高级醇等;生物基化学品领域包括1,3-丙二醇、脂肪酸、可降解性塑料的生产等.其他领域的应用包括环境保护、环境监测、生命科学探索等.同时介绍了本课题组在构建细胞浓度控制体系、并用nAdH和nAdPH生物转化甘油制备1,3-丙二醇的合成生物系统、核酸适体筛选、酶的耦联体系等方面所开展的有关合成生物学研究工作.最后,分析合成生物学应用前景与风险、发展瓶颈问题,并对发展方向进行了展望,指出今后应聚焦若干重要的工业生物体系,发展合成生物学的基础理论,开发合成生物学所需要的核心工程技术,构建人工生物合成体系及相关技术体系,利用合成途径生产高附加值产品. ; Synthetic biology has been attracted to human because of the success of creating man-made organism and assembling biosynthesis pathway for producing the anti-malarial drug Artemisinin.This research focused on the application of synthetic biology in the fields of pharmaceuticals,bioenergy,chemicals based on biomass and other industrial fields.Examples in pharmaceutical field included Artemisinin,antibiotics,synthetic antibodies,new therapeutic method and novel drug development,assay and diagnosis reagents.Meanwhile,examples in bioenergy included bio-hydrogen,bio-ethanol,bio-aliphatic hydrocarbons,bio-higher ethanol and so on.Besides,examples in chemicals based on biomass included 1,3-propanediol,fatty acids,biodegradable plastics,etc.The application in other fields involved environmental protection,environmental monitoring,life sciences discovering and so on.The concerned researches about synthetic biology in our group were also demonstrated,which included the construction of cell concentration-controlled system and synthetic biological systems for biotransformation of glycerol into 1,3-propanediol using both NADH and NADPH,aptamer screening and coupled system of enzymes.Finally,the application of perspective,risks,development bottleneck and trend of synthetic biology were analysed.It was indicated that further research of synthetic biology should focus on several fundamental industrial biosystems to expand the basic theory,develop the key engineering technologies,construct man-made biosynthesis and technology systems,and make use of synthetic pathways to produce high added value products. ; 国家自然科学基金(30770059;21076172);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2010121050)资助

九龙江流域水资源脆弱性深受全球气候变化与人类经济社会活动的双重影响。由于全球气候变化，九龙江流域年流量呈稍微上升趋势。按照季节分析，春季流量呈现减少趋势，而夏季、秋季、冬季流量则呈现增加趋势，其中春季、夏季流量变化较为显著。 九龙江流域流量还受到ENSO等大气环流事件的影响。根据对九龙江流域5个主要水文站1967年～2008年的流量数据分析，在厄尔尼诺发生后，九龙江流域春季流量较常年平均流量偏低，而冬季与次年春季流量则偏高；拉尼娜事件期间，则存在着相反的流量变化趋势。此外，流量变化还与ENSO事件存在2～5个月不等正相关滞后响应关系。 基于DPSIR概念模型，本研究中筛选确定了与九龙江流域. ; The vulnerability of surface water resource of Jiulong River Watershed (JRW), which in Fujian Province, Southeast China, was affected by both global climate change and regional development. Results show that, the streamflow has a growing tendency in the context of climate change, although it is nonsignificant statistically. Besides, according to the season analysis, there is one decreasing trend i. ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境管理 ; 学号：22620081151572

利用MArkAl-MACrO模型,对中国(2010年-2050年)未来能源消费产生的二氧化碳进行预测,并依据人口增长与城市化水平、宏观经济、能源效率、能源结构模拟了碳排放的基准方案。在基准方案下,中国的一次能源需求将在2042年达到峰值62.81亿TCE,万元gdP能耗在2050年下降到0.36TCE。能源相关的二氧化碳排放在2036达到峰值107.53亿T。国际间二氧化碳排放量的比较表明,中国作为发展中国家,在全球碳减排中承担较少责任。由于大量消耗化石燃料造成严重的国内环境污染,基于减缓气候变化和环境污染损失的考虑,中国需要限制化石能源的使用,降低二氧化碳排放。在优化方案下,中国的一次能源需求会在2031年达到峰值51.76亿TCE,万元gdP能耗在2050年下降到0.26TCE;二氧化碳排放峰值出现在2029年,为95.27亿T。要实现优化方案,中国经济需要向低碳经济转型,提高能源效率,扩大清洁能源的比重。 ; China's energy-related carbon dioxide emissions between 2010 and 2050 were predicted in this study with the MARKAL-MACRO model.Carbon emissions in the reference scenario were simulated on the basis of population growth, urbanization, macroeconomy, industrial structure, energy efficiency and energy structure.The peak value and the peak time was estimated in the different scenarios.Carbon emissions is influenced by the urbanization and industrialization in China.Total population of China will reach 1.46 billions in 2035, and will decrease gradually after 2036.Gross domestic product will be 163.27 trillions yuan (2005 value) in 2050, and the urbanization rate will be 67.18 in 2050.The growth of urban population would result in more needs for construction, highway, railway, and other infrastructural facilities.Also, the demands for cars and household electric appliance will grow.As such, consumption of energy will increase rapidly, which would lead to growth of carbon dioxide emissions.It was shown in the reference scenario that primary energy demand will achieve peak value 6.28×109tce in 2042, the energy consumption per 10 000 yuan will go down to 0.36tce.Energy-realated carbon emissions will achieve peak value 10.70×109t in 2036.It was concluded that more carbon dioxide will be emitted in the future.However, total emissions of China from 1900-1990 was much less than the United States, and per capita emissions was also far less than that of developed countries.There was no country with a high economy level whose per capita carbon dioxide emissions was less than 6 tons.In order to maintain increases in gross domestic product, carbon emissions of China will increase inevitably.An international comparison performed showed that as a developing country, China seems to burden less responsibility in global emission abatement.Huge consumption of fossil fuel has resulted in serious environment pollution.Coal accounts for more than 60% in the primary energy structure, which produce sulfur dioxide, dust and other pollutant.On the other hand, nuclear power accounts for only 2% in the primary energy structure, much less than the world average level of 17%.Hydraulic power has been developing rapidly in recent years, but economical and technical hydraulic power will reach its limit in 2040.Wind power, photovoltaic and biologic energy still need to be further developed.Nuclear power, hydraulic power wind power, photovoltaic and biologic energy are all clean energy.Carbon emissions will decrease if the fossil energy is taken place by the clean energy.It was suggested that consumption of fossil fuel be limited and carbon emissions be reduced in China, contributing to climate change mitigation and environment protection.An optimized scheme was put forward on the basis of the reference scenario.In the optimized scheme, primary energy demand will achieve peak value 5.18×109tce in 2031, account for 81.7% of the peak in the reference scenario; energy consumption per 10 000 yuan will go down to 0.26tce.Energy-realated carbon emissions will achieve peak value 9.53×109t in 2029.To realize the optimized scheme, China must reform its inefficient economy to low-carbon economy, improve energy efficiency and the share of clean energy in primary energy consumption. ; “应对重大突发公共事件的绩效评估、政策仿真与能力建设研究”(编号:08ASH006);国家人口计生委“十二五”规划项目:“我国人口资源环境约束下的定量分析”

从2010年以来，中国煤炭市场一直呈现供需总量宽松、结构性周期过剩的态势，再加上环境治理、循环经济、绿色能源成为每个大型煤炭企业必须落实的社会责任，可持续发展日渐成为能源企业未来发展的必然选择。河南能源是河南省的特大型国有能源企业，随着发展规模的扩大及严峻的宏观经济形势，河南能源也面临着各方面的压力，如何实现可持续发展成为河南能源面临的一个重大课题。 本文通过对河南能源的外部环境与内部环境的分析，得出了河南能源所面临的机遇与威胁以及自身存在的优势与劣势。河南能源存在的优势是：雄厚的经济实力、显著的行业地位；优良的企业品牌优势、优越的区位及交通条件；产业布局优势、扎实的产业基础及差异化的产业结. ; Since 2010, the Chinese coal market always represents a tendency with a high production and a low market requirement. Besides, environmental-friendly industry promotion is a responsibility to every large coal industry enterprise. Sustainable development becomes the only way for the future development of energy enterprises. As the largest state-owned energy enterprise, the topic of this report is o. ; 学位：工商管理硕士 ; 院系专业：管理学院高级经理教育中心（EMBA项目）_高级管理人员工商管理硕士(EMBA) ; 学号：X2012156151

科技与经济的高速发展让能源危机和环境污染问题日益受重视，燃料电池作为“二十一世纪的清洁能源”日益成为关注和研究的焦点。直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）以甲醇作为燃料，具有来源丰富、价格便宜、在常温下是液体、易携带和储存且能量密度高等优点，将成为比氢燃料电池更具有吸引力的一类质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）。阳极催化剂是DMFC关键的组成部分。目前铂（Pt）是DMFC体系中最适的催化剂，但利用效率低和CO中毒是主要问题。针对这些问题，本论文通过制备出具有高表面活性的聚苯胺/纳米碳复合材料，以之作为铂金属载体，使金属粒子在载体表面呈均匀的分散状态，提高了Pt催化剂的利用率；Pt粒子与聚苯胺之间存在的协. ; With the rapid development of technology and economy, the energy crisis and environmental problems are received increasing attention. Fuel cell as the "Clean Energy In the 21st Century" is increasingly becoming a concern and research focus. Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC),using methanol as fuel, being abundant sources, low prices, liquids at room temperature, easy to carry and store and higher en. ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：化学化工学院材料科学与工程系_高分子化学与物理 ; 学号：200436005

数据中心高能耗问题大大阻碍了信息产业的发展,自然冷源利用是实现数据中心节能降耗的关键技术手段。文章以数据中心自然冷源利用为研究对象,确定了蒸发冷却间接供冷方式下自然冷源利用临界湿球温度的推荐值；分析了全国主要气候区自然冷源利用潜力；提出了自然冷源利用敏感性的概念；以夏热冬暖地区某典型数据中心为例进行了自然冷源利用的节能效果分析。结果表明：数据中心自然冷源利用的临界湿球温度上限为16℃时,全国大部分地区的自然冷源可利用率超过50%；温和地区自然冷源敏感性最高；夏热冬暖地区数据中心利用自然冷源时,全年综合COP值可提高23.7%,节能率为19.2%。

汽车上有各种传感器用来专门检测温度、压力、速度和位置等，如在倒车雷 达中利用超声波传感器进行测距来保证汽车安全。通常这些传感器由汽车车载电 池通过电线连接进行供能。然而，随着汽车技术的发展，越来越多的传感器安装 在汽车上，线路连接变得越来越复杂、维修变得很麻烦。此外，有一些嵌入式的 传感器不能利用车载电池通过供电线来连接，如胎压监测传感器。因此，利用环 境能量为这些分布式或嵌入式无线传感器供能引起了研究人员的兴趣。它不但可 以减少安装维修带来的麻烦，而且还可以将原来被浪费掉的环境能量有效利用起 来。考虑到车辆行驶中伴随产生的环境能量，振动能量是最突出的。采集环境振 动能量的方法. ; Automobiles may include sensors for obtaining information regarding various physical parameters, such as ultrasonic sensors for distance detecting during reversing. Usually these sensors are powered by wire connection with the batteries of the automobiles. However, while more and more sensors are installed to the automobiles, the wire connection turns to be troublesome. Furthermore, some embe. ; 学位：工学硕士 ; 院系专业：物理与机电工程学院机电工程系_精密仪器及机械 ; 学号：19920091152500

应用电化学法和光谱电化学法研究了脯氨酸膜修饰电极的制备 ,用循环伏安法探讨了该膜的电化学性质及其对甲醛的催化氧化 .该电极催化稳定性良好 ,在NaOH溶液中 ,掺杂Ni (Ⅱ )后的脯氨酸膜修饰电极对甲醛和乙醇的氧化均有一定的催化活性 ,但对甲醛的催化活性更佳 ; The proline film modified electrode and its electrochemical behavior was studied by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry . After incorporation of Ni(Ⅱ), the cyclic voltammograms of the proline Ni(Ⅱ) film electrode exhibited a typical redox peak, which appeared at potential of 0.52 V anodic and 0.44 V cathodic in NaOH. The formal potentials E ' were linearly dependent on the pH, and the peak currents ip were linearly dependent on the square root of the scan rates,thus charge transfer in the film was controlled by diffusion. The diffusion coefficient is figured out to be 2×10 -10 cm 2·s -1 . The catalytic oxidation peaks of formaldehyde and ethanol occurred at 0.67 V and 0.62 V respectively,much more negative than the potential at Pro/GC and the bare glassy carbon (GC) electrode in 0.1 mol·L -1 NaOH. Experimental results showed that the reaction orders of formaldehyde and OH - were 1 and 2 respectively. The anodic peak. currents of formaldehyde and ethanol were proportional to their concentrations between 10 -6 ～10 -4 mol·L -1 and 3×10 -4 ～3×10 -3 mol·L -1 respectively. More importantly, the electrode stability in electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde was very good . Cyclic scanning 120min, the anodic peak current of formaldehyde decreased 1/10 and nearly turned to be stable at last. ; 作者联系地址：济南大学化学与环境工程学院,济南大学化学与环境工程学院,济南大学化学与环境工程学院,济南大学化学与环境工程学院,济南大学化学与环境工程学院 山东济南250022 ,山东济南250022 ,山东济南250022 ,山东济南250022 ,山东济南250022 ; Author's Address: School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022,China

随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的无线终端设备进入市场，无线通信的业务形式也变的更加多样化，同时频谱资源也变得越来越宝贵。为了提高频谱的利用效率和网络容量，近些年有科学工作者提出一种新技术Device-to-Device(D2D)通信，这是一种在蜂窝基站的控制下，允许无线终端设备通过复用小区频谱资源来进行直接通信的技术。D2D通信已经被证明可以大幅度提高频谱利用效率和网络容量，在很大程度上可以解决频谱资源匮乏的问题。 无线通信技术的快速发展，逐渐可以满足人们对通信高速率，大容量的需求，但是在很多情况下高品质的通信服务都是通过高能耗为代价换来的，这样就造成了电池寿命的变短。而D2D通信的能量优化问. ; With the development of science and technology, an increasing number of wireless devices enter the market and the form of wireless communication business becomes more diverse. At the same time, the spectrum resources become more and more valuable. In order to improve the spectrum resources efficiency and network capacity, in recent years, scientists have proposed a new technology which called D2D. ; 学位：工程硕士 ; 院系专业：信息科学与技术学院_工程硕士(电子与通信工程) ; 学号：23320131153260