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In light of the escalating economic influence of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), the intricate interplay of sustainability, innovation, and export performance assumes paramount significance. This study focuses on French SMEs in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ARA) region, exploring the relatively uncharted territory of a synergistic approach to sustainability and innovation. Through a 2022-2023 field survey of 290 SMEs, employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression models, the research investigates the potential enhancement of export performance through this synergistic approach. The study reveals a positive impact, emphasizing the significance of sustainability certifications (EUR 24,416 additional export turnover per certification), R&D investment (EUR 1.38 boost per euro invested), and environmental patents (EUR 64,439 per patent). Qualitative insights enrich the understanding of challenges and opportunities, especially in terms of environmental footprint reduction. The findings underscore the need for prioritizing sustainability and innovation by French SMEs to thrive in export markets, with implications for policymakers in designing initiatives. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics between sustainability, innovation, and export performance, providing practical guidance for SMEs and a methodological foundation for future regional research.

In light of the escalating economic influence of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), the intricate interplay of sustainability, innovation, and export performance assumes paramount significance. This study focuses on French SMEs in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ARA) region, exploring the relatively uncharted territory of a synergistic approach to sustainability and innovation. Through a 2022-2023 field survey of 290 SMEs, employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression models, the research investigates the potential enhancement of export performance through this synergistic approach. The study reveals a positive impact, emphasizing the significance of sustainability certifications (EUR 24,416 additional export turnover per certification), R&D investment (EUR 1.38 boost per euro invested), and environmental patents (EUR 64,439 per patent). Qualitative insights enrich the understanding of challenges and opportunities, especially in terms of environmental footprint reduction. The findings underscore the need for prioritizing sustainability and innovation by French SMEs to thrive in export markets, with implications for policymakers in designing initiatives. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics between sustainability, innovation, and export performance, providing practical guidance for SMEs and a methodological foundation for future regional research.

Развитие энергосистемы Камеруна зависит от рынка спроса и предложения на электроэнергию. В последние годы существенное влияние на баланс потребления начинает оказывать малый и средний бизнес. Выбор конкретной схемы функционирования децентрализованной системы электроснабжения предприятий Камеруна должен производиться на основе объективного критерия. В зависимости от целей предприятия данным критерием могут выступать затраты на реализацию проекта, дисконтированный денежный доход, прирост рентабельности с заданным горизонтом прогнозирования и др. Выбор критерия сопряжен с многофакторным анализом целей предприятия и специфики его функционирования, а совокупность возможных вариаций данного критерия можно условно обозначить как «экономические критерии». В статье представлена методика определения комплексного критерия оценки уровня энергетической безопасности системы децентрализованного электроснабжения предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса Камеруна. Взвешенная сравнительная оценка уровня энергетической безопасности не может производиться на основе классических методов оценки. В первую очередь, это обусловлено необходимостью использования как статистических, так и экспертных показателей, выделенных в описанной системе. Следовательно, одним из наиболее подходящих для построения методики оценки уровня энергетической безопасности является нечетко-множественный подход. Данная методика должна базироваться на системе экспертных оценок, однако, в отличии от статистических и экспертных методов оценки, она дает возможность учитывать уровень неопределённости посредством использования функций принадлежности (µ(х)∈[0;1]) подмножества заданному множеству. Решенные в рамках исследования задачи позволяют развить систему экономических инструментов управления в энергетических системах. Данная методика может получить широкое применение в системе развития децентрализованного электроснабжения предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса, испытывающих проблему с надежностью электроснабжения. В конечном итоге это позволит создать более устойчивую систему развития данного сектора экономики. Возможно, аналогичным методом может быть разработана методика и для систем энергоснабжения предприятий в других странах. The development of the energy system in Cameroon is linked to the electricity supply and demand market. In recent years, the place of development of small and medium-size enterprises has began to have a significant impact on the balance of consumption. The choice of a specific scheme for the operation of a decentralized electricity supply system for enterprises in Cameroon should be based on objective criteria. Depending on the goals of the enterprise, this criterion can be the cost of implementing the project, discounted cash income, profitability growth with a predetermined forecast horizon, and many others. The choice of this criterion is associated with a multi – factor analysis of the goals of the enterprise and the specifics of its functioning, and the set of possible variations of this criterion can be conditionally designated as "Economic criteria". The article presents a tool for determining a comprehensive criterion for assessing the level of energy security of the decentralized power supply system for small and medium-sized businesses in Cameroon. The tasks solved in the framework of the study allow us to develop a system of economic management tools in energy systems. This tool can be widely used in the development of decentralized electricity supply for small and medium-sized businesses that are experiencing problems with the reliability of electricity supply. This will eventually create a more sustainable system for developing this sector of the economy.A characteristic feature of determining the key economic indicator is the dependence on the energy supply system. In one case it can only be revenue, in the second case it can be profitability and revenue, and in the third case profit, revenue and profitability. Perhaps a similar tool can be developed for the energy supply systems of enterprises in other countries.

Развитие энергосистемы Камеруна зависит от рынка спроса и предложения на электроэнергию. В последние годы существенное влияние на баланс потребления начинает оказывать малый и средний бизнес. Выбор конкретной схемы функционирования децентрализованной системы электроснабжения предприятий Камеруна должен производиться на основе объективного критерия. В зависимости от целей предприятия данным критерием могут выступать затраты на реализацию проекта, дисконтированный денежный доход, прирост рентабельности с заданным горизонтом прогнозирования и др. Выбор критерия сопряжен с многофакторным анализом целей предприятия и специфики его функционирования, а совокупность возможных вариаций данного критерия можно условно обозначить как «экономические критерии». В статье представлена методика определения комплексного критерия оценки уровня энергетической безопасности системы децентрализованного электроснабжения предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса Камеруна. Взвешенная сравнительная оценка уровня энергетической безопасности не может производиться на основе классических методов оценки. В первую очередь, это обусловлено необходимостью использования как статистических, так и экспертных показателей, выделенных в описанной системе. Следовательно, одним из наиболее подходящих для построения методики оценки уровня энергетической безопасности является нечетко-множественный подход. Данная методика должна базироваться на системе экспертных оценок, однако, в отличии от статистических и экспертных методов оценки, она дает возможность учитывать уровень неопределённости посредством использования функций принадлежности (µ(х)∈[0;1]) подмножества заданному множеству. Решенные в рамках исследования задачи позволяют развить систему экономических инструментов управления в энергетических системах. Данная методика может получить широкое применение в системе развития децентрализованного электроснабжения предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса, испытывающих проблему с надежностью электроснабжения. В конечном итоге это позволит создать более устойчивую систему развития данного сектора экономики. Возможно, аналогичным методом может быть разработана методика и для систем энергоснабжения предприятий в других странах. The development of the energy system in Cameroon is linked to the electricity supply and demand market. In recent years, the place of development of small and medium-size enterprises has began to have a significant impact on the balance of consumption. The choice of a specific scheme for the operation of a decentralized electricity supply system for enterprises in Cameroon should be based on objective criteria. Depending on the goals of the enterprise, this criterion can be the cost of implementing the project, discounted cash income, profitability growth with a predetermined forecast horizon, and many others. The choice of this criterion is associated with a multi – factor analysis of the goals of the enterprise and the specifics of its functioning, and the set of possible variations of this criterion can be conditionally designated as "Economic criteria". The article presents a tool for determining a comprehensive criterion for assessing the level of energy security of the decentralized power supply system for small and medium-sized businesses in Cameroon. The tasks solved in the framework of the study allow us to develop a system of economic management tools in energy systems. This tool can be widely used in the development of decentralized electricity supply for small and medium-sized businesses that are experiencing problems with the reliability of electricity supply. This will eventually create a more sustainable system for developing this sector of the economy.A characteristic feature of determining the key economic indicator is the dependence on the energy supply system. In one case it can only be revenue, in the second case it can be profitability and revenue, and in the third case profit, revenue and profitability. Perhaps a similar tool can be developed for the energy supply systems of enterprises in other countries.

In view of the complexity and non-linearity of energy consumption system and the status quo of the development of energy in Qinghai province, the relations between energy consumption and industrial structure is analyzed by using the quantitative analysis of grey relation degree by using the grey system theory. The relevancy degree among the primary industry, the secondary industry and the tertiary industry and living energy consumption are obtained, and then the trend of energy consumption in the following several years can be predicted. The results show that the secondary industry has the largest relevancy degree to the total energy consumption. In the end, according to the results of the research, several suggestions on how to saving energy are put forward. Firstly, the government should improve the high-tech industry and restrict the development of high-consumption and high-pollution industries. Secondly, the government should promote the low-carbon way of life; promote energy saving and control the energy consumption of the department of life. Thirdly, clean production should be actively promoted in the tertiary industry and the circular economy should be vigorously expanded.

In view of the complexity and non-linearity of energy consumption system and the status quo of the development of energy in Qinghai province, the relations between energy consumption and industrial structure is analyzed by using the quantitative analysis of grey relation degree by using the grey system theory. The relevancy degree among the primary industry, the secondary industry and the tertiary industry and living energy consumption are obtained, and then the trend of energy consumption in the following several years can be predicted. The results show that the secondary industry has the largest relevancy degree to the total energy consumption. In the end, according to the results of the research, several suggestions on how to saving energy are put forward. Firstly, the government should improve the high-tech industry and restrict the development of high-consumption and high-pollution industries. Secondly, the government should promote the low-carbon way of life; promote energy saving and control the energy consumption of the department of life. Thirdly, clean production should be actively promoted in the tertiary industry and the circular economy should be vigorously expanded.

The sustainable tourism development has become a prerequisite for the industry functioning. Sustainable tourism is now seen as a logical response to a growing tourist flow, and as a result, to an excessive burden on the natural and historical and cultural environment of destinations. In Russia, sustainable development is a complex and painful issue. Ambiguity of responsibility areas and the lack of thoughtful and well-established regulatory mechanisms make the interaction between business and government in sustainable territory development a particularly difficult issue in Russia. That is why the purpose of this study is to reveal how the representatives of the tourism business understand the need for sustainable tourism development in Russia. The survey of business representatives conducted in the article made it possible to identify problems in understanding the essence of sustainable tourism development, and to identify the sustainable tourism trends, which in many ways demonstrate the growing need for the transition of the tourism industry in Russia to the principles of sustainable development. One of the important problems of sustainable tourism development in Russia is the professional personnel training. For this purpose, the authors have developed a combined model of educational activities in the "challenges-needs" system for the sustainable development of hospitality industry. It is intended for stakeholders of the tourism market and is aimed at raising awareness and building sustainable interaction. Originally published in https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/abet/article/view/37553

The sustainable tourism development has become a prerequisite for the industry functioning. Sustainable tourism is now seen as a logical response to a growing tourist flow, and as a result, to an excessive burden on the natural and historical and cultural environment of destinations. In Russia, sustainable development is a complex and painful issue. Ambiguity of responsibility areas and the lack of thoughtful and well-established regulatory mechanisms make the interaction between business and government in sustainable territory development a particularly difficult issue in Russia. That is why the purpose of this study is to reveal how the representatives of the tourism business understand the need for sustainable tourism development in Russia. The survey of business representatives conducted in the article made it possible to identify problems in understanding the essence of sustainable tourism development, and to identify the sustainable tourism trends, which in many ways demonstrate the growing need for the transition of the tourism industry in Russia to the principles of sustainable development. One of the important problems of sustainable tourism development in Russia is the professional personnel training. For this purpose, the authors have developed a combined model of educational activities in the "challenges-needs" system for the sustainable development of hospitality industry. It is intended for stakeholders of the tourism market and is aimed at raising awareness and building sustainable interaction. Originally published in https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/abet/article/view/37553

Our study shows how the United States government can achieve its goal of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2025, 2030, and 2050 by reducing energy consumption through a pure carbon tax. To achieve its emissions reduction goals, it is necessary for the U.S. to impose a long-term carbon tax that balances taxes on labour, capital, energy, and carbon. Therefore, in this study, through the two-layer CGE Cobb–Douglas model, the carbon tax rate is set while balancing the production and profit functions of government, businesses, and households. This study concludes that the carbon price will increase from USD 0.4391/kg CO2 in 2020 to USD 2.5671/kg CO2 in 2050, when the CO2 emissions reduction target is increased from 17% reduction in 2020 to 83% reduction in 2050 for the U.S.