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Oskarshamn is one of the municipalities being discussed as a possible site for disposal of nuclear waste from the Swedish nuclear power plants, and there has been inquiries made for a pilot study in the area. In view of this the local council of Oskarshamn appointed a ´Youth team´, consisting of ten young politicians from all political parties represented in the local council. The aim of the team was to inform and create debate among adolescents about how to store the radioactive waste from nuclear power plants. The purpose of this survey, addressed to young people in Oskarshamn, was to shed light on their opinion towards a pilot study and possible disposal of nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. The respondents had to answer questions about their opinion on the use of nuclear power in Sweden, if they believed nuclear power to be abolished by year 2010, and about their general interest in issues concerning energy and nuclear power. Other questions concerned risks associated with nuclear power, the influence different groups have/ought to have when it comes to disposal of nuclear waste, and if the respondent would accept a decision to dispose nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. A number of questions dealt with the suggested pilot study; if the respondent was for or against a pilot study; who should decide about the pilot study; if there had been enough information about the study; and if the respondent had attended any meeting, signed any petition, contacted any politician, contacted or participated in mass media, or tried to influence anyone´s opinion on any issue concerning the pilot study. The respondents also had to state the issues they considered to be important to study in a pilot study. Furthermore the respondents had to give their opinion about a number of risks discussed in connection with disposal of nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. Other questions concerned the influence on job opportunities and tourism. Demographic items include age, gender, marital status, children, education, occupation, and trade union membership. Oskarshamn is one of the municipalities being discussed as a possible site for disposal of nuclear waste from the Swedish nuclear power plants, and there has been inquiries made for a pilot study in the area. In view of this the local council of Oskarshamn appointed a 'Youth team', consisting of ten young politicians from all political parties represented in the local council. The aim of the team was to inform and create debate among adolescents about how to store the radioactive waste from nuclear power plants. The purpose of this survey, addressed to young people in Oskarshamn, was to shed light on their opinion towards a pilot study and possible disposal of nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. The respondents had to answer questions about their opinion on the use of nuclear power in Sweden, if they believed nuclear power to be abolished by year 2010, and about their general interest in issues concerning energy and nuclear power. Other questions concerned risks associated with nuclear power, the influence different groups have/ought to have when it comes to disposal of nuclear waste, and if the respondent would accept a decision to dispose nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. A number of questions dealt with the suggested pilot study; if the respondent was for or against a pilot study; who should decide about the pilot study; if there had been enough information about the study; and if the respondent had attended any meeting, signed any petition, contacted any politician, contacted or participated in mass media, or tried to influence anyone's opinion on any issue concerning the pilot study. The respondents also had to state the issues they considered to be important to study in a pilot study. Furthermore the respondents had to give their opinion about a number of risks discussed in connection with disposal of nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. Other questions concerned the influence on job opportunities and tourism. Demographic items include age, gender, marital status, children, education, occupation, and trade union membership.

Det blir idag allt viktigare att tänka hållbart, inte minst inom byggbranschen. Klimatmål, ekonomi och resursförbrukning är en del av de faktorer som bidrar till att branschen måste styras mot ett cirkulärt förhållandesätt. Det finns en potential i de stora mängder flerbostadshus från miljonprogrammet som planeras att byggas om eller rivas. Det saknas dock praktiska lösningar på hur detta görs, det saknas även kunskap samt kompetens inom återbruk. Denna undersökning kommer att utreda hur en ny byggnad kan konstrueras med återbrukad betong kombinerat med KL-trä, genom att analysera strategier för demontering, förband samt ta fram konstruktionslösningar. Studien innehåller en metoddel där beräkningar och programvara beskrivs, en teoridel där strategier för demontering, montering och förband samlats in. Resultatet presenterar de konstruktionslösningar som tagits fram samt resultatet av beräkningar som gjorts, slutsatsen blev att konstruktionen håller med hänsyn till bärighet. I diskussionen skriver författarna om möjliga strategier för återbruk och de metoder och resultat som erhållits. Författarna diskuterar även kring social hållbarhet och cirkulär ekonomi. Sustainable thinking is becoming increasingly important, not least in the construction industry. Climate targets, economy and resource consumption are factors that contribute to the need to steer the industry towards a circular approach. There is potential in the large number of apartment buildings from the Million Programme that are planned to be rebuilt or demolished. However, there is a lack of practical solutions on how to do this, as well as a lack of knowledge and expertise in reuse. This study will investigate how a new building can be constructed with recycled concrete combined with CLT, by analyzing strategies for dismantling, joints and developing design solutions. The study contains a method where calculations and software are described, a theory where strategies for disassembly, assembly and connections are collected. The result presents the design solutions that have been developed and the results of the calculations made, the conclusion was that the design works with regard to load bearing capacity. In the discussion, the authors write about possible strategies for reuse and the methods and results obtained. The authors also discuss social sustainability and circular economy.

In athletics, there are few strategies for detecting and managing ill health and poor well-being. New innovative collaborations are needed for coaches to meet the challenge of promoting health and creating well-being among athletes while developing top performers. This research explores the conditions for coaches’ professional development to develop a more sustainable elite sport. In addition, this study problematizes the coaches’ development work towards a more sustainable elite sport in Gothenburg athletics. The thesis consists of several theoretical perspectives. The theory of practice architecture and ecologies of practice are used as overarching theories to identify, understand, and describe how coaches develop. Careership theory is used to explore professional development. The theoretical concept of sustainability, the theory of ethics of care and practical wisdom are used to explore a deeper understanding of sustainability. The thesis is based on an action research project where the data are produced from semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews, meeting recordings, observations, and logbook notes. The results show that coaches’ professional development for creating a more sustainable elite sport takes place while reflecting with other coaches about their coaching role and their lack of knowledge. The results also show that focus on holistic perspectives and long-term processes on athletes’ development enabled the athletes to develop and perform. However, there were no structures, requirements, or support for the athletes or coaches to prioritize long-term goals over short-term goals. The coaches’ meeting practice became a forum for professional development through cooperation although the coaches’ own drive to develop the practice was constrained by the fact that there was no support from the clubs for this organized professional development. Furthermore, the results also show that the coaches expressed an ambition to develop more knowledge to be able to work towards a more sustainable elite sport, but were constrained by unclear requirements as a coach and by their athletes’ focus on results.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how Göteborg Energis sustainability work is affected by its surroundings. And how their actions are affected by the institutional logic that exists in the organization because there is a sustainability and profitability requirement in the business. The purpose is thus to gain an understanding of what impact the outside world can have on an organizations sustainability work, and what problems an organization can face when there are several requirements in the business. The informal and formal structure is a challenge for companies, to be able to balance and keep both parts in place requires a strong corporate culture, identity and experienced staff. Göteborg Energis sustainability work is affected by regulations, consumers, norms and local circumstances. By taking into consideration the organizations environment there are expectations from the consumers that the organization must work with sustainability issues, which in turn leads to the dominance of the sustainability logic. Organizations that take sustainability seriously need to live in their values and get sustainability to become part of the organization as well as part of the corporate identity. Employees at Göteborg Energi are aware of their roles in the organization's sustainability work, and sustainability is first prioritized within the firm. It is important for the management to share a common culture that all employees agree on and feel part of, feel the company as part of their identity and live in the company's culture.

How can a vacuum cleaner motivate you to use it? From a sustainability perspective, the author asked the question of how such a solution would look like? These where issues that the project tackled and devised solutions for. The project wanted to explore the physical modeling and a large part of the final result consisted of a full scale model. The project found that the problem of vacuuming largely consisted of the problem of storage the product. The project found that the motivation for the job, therefore, could be resolved by a better designed vacuum cleaner with a built-in hose, folding handles, which could be stored integrated within the vacuum cleaner. The project also found that a rechargeable energy-efficient battery could serve as a factor to motivate an everyday job when the user do not have to fuss with the cord.

Recharge är en laddstation för elbilar med lokalproducerad el och en mötesplats för lokala och regionala aktörer att samlas, nätverka och utöva sina småskaliga verksamheter på. Projektet grundar sig i en undersökning av motorvägens roll på landsbygden. I undersökningen kartlades även småskaliga verksamheter inom matproduktion i området. Vidare diskuterar projektet tre huvudsakliga frågeställningar. Vilken är bilens roll i framtiden och hur en kan arkitektur som tar bilen i fokus ihop med ett hållbarhetsperspektiv se ut. Landsbygden har inte samma förutsättningar som staden för att bli fossilfria, därför utgår projektet från tesen att den rurala framtiden kommer bygga med bilen i fokus. De ytterligare frågeställningarna undersöker om det går att skapa en plats som integrerar motorvägen med landsbygden samt vilket resultat det blir om man kontrasterar de stora aktörerna Burger King och Cirkle K som ligger på platsen och byter ut deras globala näringskedja mot en småskalig, lokal och hållbar istället. Recharge is a car charging station powered by locally produced electricity and a meeting place for local and regional users to gather, network and carry out their small-scale activities. The project is based in a survey of the motorway and its role in the countryside. The survey also mapped small businesses of food production in the area. The project discusses three main issues. What role does the car have in the future and what will a car and sustainability centred architecture look like. The countryside does not have the same opportunities for a car free future as the city does, therefore the project assumes that the future of the rural is going to be built with the car in focus. The other issues examines whether it is possible to create a place that integrates the motorway with the countryside and what result do you get if you contrast the large businesses Burger King and Cirkle K and swap their global chain of production with a small scale, local and sustainable one. 

Swedish biogas is currently produced mainly by anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge at sewage treatment plants, landfills and anaerobic digestion of household or industrial waste. Also cattle ma-nure from farms can be used to produce biogas. Upgrading biogas represents an increase in methane concentration from about 65 % to about 97 %. In addition, particles and contaminants must be sepa-rated from the upgraded biogas. There are various methods for upgrading and this report compares six different methods with respect to environment and economy: water scrubber, Biosling, cryo technology, chemical absorption, Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and membrane separation. According to the used ORWARE model, chemical adsorption with amine has the least environmen-tal impact (methane emissions) and the lowest costs. The chemical used in the method is very good at reducing CO2 and chemical adsorption gives an upgraded gas containing around 99 % methane. The downside of amine is that it contributes to the acidification of the environment and additional heat is needed to free the CO2. It is also a small scale method. PSA and membrane separation shall be avoided when it comes to environmental impacts. When it comes to the economy, it is more dif-ficult to compare the methods. The reason is that the scale does matter together with factors such as geography. The methods are also improving and modernizing. It is important to consider this and be up to date when investing in a new biogas upgrading plant.

The aim of this study was to find and use a heterogeneous catalyst to catalyze the transesterification reaction of biodiesel. The purpose of this is to have a more sustainable production of biodiesel which uses fewer chemicals and can reuse the catalyst easily. Our team chose a base catalyst of calcium oxide (CaO) based on early research but with a change of doping the base catalyst with sodium, thus making sodium doped calcium oxide (Na-CaO). The catalyst was synthesized using calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide as precursors. The sodium concentration was chosen to be at 3 weight%. The main part of the study was on testing the efficiency of the catalyst and determining at which conditions the reaction performs best. The best conditions for the catalyst were found at 60 °C and the ratio of rapeseed oil to methanol was 1:9. The mass concentration of the catalyst was 2 weight% and the reaction time was 2 hours. These conditions resulted in a biodiesel yield of 97,6 %. Studien som gjordes gick ut på att tillverka en heterogen katalysator för att katalysera transesterifiering reaktionen för biodieseltillverkning. Syftet med detta är att ha en mer hållbar produktion som använder sig utav färre kemikalier och samtidigt kan återanvända katalysatorn. Valet av katalysator skedde efter värdering av äldre studier och basen för katalysatorn valdes till kalciumoxid (CaO), med en ändring av att dopa denna med natrium, det vill säga natriumdopad kalciumoxid (Na-CaO). Katalysatorn syntetiserades utav kalciumhydroxid och natriumhydroxid. Koncentrationen av natriumet låg vid 3 vikt%. Nästa del utav studien gick ut på att testa den syntetiserade katalysatorn och hitta de bästa betingelserna för bästa utbyte av biodiesel. De bästa betingelserna var vid temperaturen 60 °C och ett förhållande mellan rapsolja och metanol på 1:9, där masshalten av katalysator var 2 vikts% gentemot oljan och reaktionstiden var 2 timmar. Detta gav ett utbyte på 97,6 %.

Using plasma gasification to create synthetic jet fuel is a relative new method that could be a suitable option to make the aviation industry more sustainable. Bromma Airport in Stockholm has been used as a potential case to sustain the flights with this type of fuel. Plasma gasification is the process of dissolving organic material into its elemental particles at very high temperatures. Since no oxygen is supplied, no combustion takes place and therefore no emissions are released. The slag created of the non-organic material can be used as a construction material. The product produced is a gas rich in energy, which can be processed in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor into liquid fuel after cleaning. The need of a plant on Bromma Airport has been identified, and a suitable location in the southern part of the airfield has been found. Estimated area needed for the plant is 10 300 m2 . The feedstock for the process is waste from the forest industry, so called grot. To remove the bio waste from the land has a positive effect on the regrowth of the forest, and the feedstock arrives to the plant in the shape of woodchip. In order to produce the airport’s yearly need of jet fuel of 52 300 m3 , a total of 229 700 tonne woodchip is needed. That corresponds to a truck arriving at the plant every 33rd minute within 12 hours per day every day the plant is operating. Positive effects of using the produced fuel is a more clean combustion in the jet engines, less wear-and-tear on the turbine blades, and lower Sulphur content in the airplane’s exhaust gas. Since the energy density of the produced fuel is lower than the standard jet fuel, a larger volume is needed in order to reach the same amount of energy. The technology of the plasma gasification in the plant is based on that of Solena Fuels, where a carbon catalytic bed distributes the heat evenly from the six plasma torches that are needed. The plasma torches have a total power need of 127 800 MWh/year. In a suggestion to lower the need of electricy, a Rankine cycle can deliver 21 556 MWh/year to the process. The Fischer-Tropsch process is carried out using a coboltbased catalyst, and with the use of micro-channels the efficiency between gas and liquid fuel can be improved. Att använda plasmaförgasning för att framställa syntetiskt jetbränsle är en relativt ny metod som skulle kunna vara ett lämpligt alternativ för att göra luftfarten mer hållbar. I denna fallstudie har Bromma Flygplats i Stockholm används som en potentiell plats vid byggandet av en kombinerad plasmaförgasning- och Fischer-Tropschanläggning för att tillverka ett syntetiskt och hållbart jetbränsle för flygplatsens avgående flygningar. Plasmaförgasning innebär att organiska molekyler bryts upp i sina beståndsdelar i frånvaro av syre vid mycket höga temperaturer. Produkten som bildas är en energirik gas, inga avgaser släpps ut och slaggprodukten kan användas som konstruktionsmaterial. Efter att gasen har blivit renad kan gasen genom en FischerTropschprocess omvandlas till flytande biodiesel. Behovet av en anläggning har fastställts och en potentiell lokalisering har identifierats vid Bromma Flygplats södra del och anläggningen förmodas uppta ca 10 300 m2 . Användningen av anläggningen skulle hjälpa flygplatsen att uppfylla uppsatta miljömål. Råmaterialet som används i plasmaförgasningen är i denna fallstudie grot, det vill säga grenar och toppar från avverkningsplatser. Uttag av grot verkar positivt för skogen och anländer till anläggningen i form av flis. Flygplatsens behov av bränsle uppgår till 52 300 m3 anpassat till energiinnehållet i det framtagna jetbränslet. Detta går att producera av 229 700 ton grot, vilket motsvarar en leverans med lastbil var 33:e minut under 12 timmar per dygn för varje dygn anläggningen är i bruk. Fördelar med att använda det framställda bränslet innebär en renare förbränning i flygmotorerna, mindre slitage på turbinbladet samt lägre svavelhalter i avgaserna. Då energidensiteten är något lägre i det framställda biobränslet behövs något större volym för att uppnå samma energihåll. Plasmaförgasningen sker med en teknik utvecklad av Solena Fuels, där en kolkatalysatorbädd kan bidra till en jämn värmefördelning från de sex plasmafacklorna som gemensamt kräver en effekt på 127 800 MWh/år. För att delförse anläggningen med elektricitet har ett förslag på en Rankinecykel utformats, som skulle kunna bidra med 21 556 MWh/år till plasmafacklorna. FischerTropschprocessen sker med en kobolt-katalysator och med hjälp av mikrokanaler i reaktorn kan omvandlingsfakorn för gas till diesel förbättras.

Each year, the coffee machines at Ericsson in Kista produce around 100 tons of ground coffee waste. The companies Coor Service Management, Löfbergs Lila and Selecta are all responsible for different stages in the logistical chain in delivering coffee and, together with Ericsson, they want to increase their environmental benefit. The plan is to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion instead of incinerating the coffee waste in a heating plant. The results are to be presented as different business cases in which different biogas plants are compared with the reference case (heating plant), comparing costs and environmental impacts. There are two major environmental benefits from producing biogas; reduced carbon dioxide emissions from when fossile fule is replaced by carbon neutral biogas, and reduced emissions from returning digestate from the bio reactor to farmland instead of using industrial fertelizer. In order to determine the biogas potential in coffee waste, a couple of properties had to be determined in a laboratory. Properties such as the dry substance content, heating value, moisture content and ash content. The results show that 100 tons coffee waste could produce around 16 500 Nm3 biogas which would contain 163 MWh. The biogas reactor and upgrade plant both need energy gas to function and uses around 14 MWh of the produced gas. In the end, the resulting upgraded biogas contains 149 MWh energy. Such an amount of gas can replace 15,1 m3 of diesel and thus reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 39,4 ton. The emissions from running the reactor and upgrade plant, combined with methane leakage amounts to 4,8 ton carbon dioxide. All of the biogas plants that were examined returns digestate and nutrients to farmlands which reduces the need for industrial fertelizer. The production of fertelizer uses alot of energy, and by returning digestate a reduction of 58 GJ energy and 3 ton CO2 can be achieved. This is not the case with the heat plant which instead has to place some of its produced ashes in landfills. If the exergy content in the biogas is compared to that of the heat it shows that there is a point to making gas instead of incinerating the waste. The biogas has about 50 % higher exergy content than the heat has and therefore it is possible to utilize the substrate more efficiently. Transporting coffee waste from Ericsson to different biogas plants will result in increased carbon dioxide emissions. The three plants investigated in this thesis are Henriksdals sewage treatment plant, the Himmerfjärd plant and Uppsala biogas plant. For each plant, drivning distance, pre treatment requirements of the coffee waste, and related costs were determined. Using methods from the Network for transportation and enviroment, the emissions for each case were calculated. The results show that the Henriksdal case will increase carbon dioxide emissions by two tons per year, and the other cases will increase emissions by four tons. The result from combining laboratory work, simulations and calculations show that the case where Henriksdal recives the coffee waste will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 15,1 ton at a cost of 72 000 kr per year. The case with the Himmerfjärd plant will reduce emissions by 13,8 ton at a cost of 74 000 kr per year. The final case with Uppsala biogas plant will reduce emissions by 13,7 ton at the cost of 107 000 kr per year. And thus there are environmental benefits from producing biogas from the coffee waste, but they do come at a cost.