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Structural transformations in different coal ranks during low temperature oxidation (≤ 210°C) are crucial to understand the spontaneous combustion of coal and related environmental problems. The in...

To study the economic and environmental effects of human capital, previous studies measure human capital based on education; however, this approach has many shortcomings because not all educated people are innovative human capital. Hence, this study introduces the concept of innovative human capital by developing a new index that measures human capital based on the number of patents every one million R&D staff full-time equivalent. After this, this paper studies the impact of innovative human capital on CO2 emissions in China. The provincial panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2003 to 2017 is analyzed using the fixed effect, ordinary least squares, and the system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM). The analysis revealed that innovative human capital alleviates environmental deterioration in China. The findings unfold the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) considering innovative human capital in the model. It implies that Chinese economic development will eventually support environmental sustainability if China continues to develop its innovative human capital. Among the control variables, economic structure, population density, and energy intensity stimulate environmental degradation by increasing CO2 emissions. However, FDI has a negative relationship with CO2 emissions. Lastly, the study proposes comprehensive policies to increase innovative human capital for environmental sustainability.

This paper takes Taoxichuan Cultural and Creative Street as a case study. It explores how enterprises activate the value of “industrial heritage” resources and achieve sustainable development from the perspective of affordance theory. Research findings indicated that: (1) the creation of a culturally recognized context performs a vital role in activating the industrial heritage; (2) the evocation of industrial heritage resources is a dynamic process from the realization of fundamental values to the actualization of high-level values; and (3) the evoked industrial heritage resources can achieve sustainable corporate development. Additionally, the research findings provide reference for enterprises to realize high-level values of industrial heritage resources by creating contexts to transform them into sources of innovation in the post-pandemic era.

Half the population of China live in coastal zones where 70% of large cities are also located. Intensive human activities pose significant environmental and ecological hazards to these cities that are already vulnerable to natural hazards and climate change. The sustainable development of coastal cities is thus both a national and international issue. Rongcheng is a typical coastal city in east China. It is a national marine ranch demonstration area that is subjected to multi-stressors from human activities and climate change. The dominant economic sectors include aquaculture and fisheries, agriculture, shipping and tourism. A multitude of resulting pressures come mainly from intensified human activities, such as intensive aquaculture, overfishing, industrial pollutants, agricultural runoff, land reclamation and port expansion. In addition, Rongcheng is also facing exogenic pressures from extreme climate events such as intensified storms, storm surges, droughts and sea ice. A growing awareness of these problems brought together a trans-disciplinary group from local government, research institutions, local practitioners and coastal representatives to jointly explore and co-design adaptive coastal management options. In this transdisciplinary study, a social-ecological analysis based on a combination of the Systems Approach Framework and the Drivers-Pressures-States-Impacts-Responses framework was used to analyze and formulate an adaptive management plan for the sustainability of Rongcheng. More than 40 stakeholders including government, companies, civil society and institutions participated in the study through questionnaires and on-site meetings. A statistical analysis of the results identified urgent issues impeding the sustainable development of Rongcheng. The issues identified were poorly regulated aquaculture, loss of shoreline, and the decline of seagrass and cultural heritage. The study identified management options and measures, some of which were adopted by the local government in a co-designed management plan. The measures included upgrading of aquaculture industry, habitat conservation and restoration, and the development of cultural tourism. Another outcome was the increased knowledge exchange between stakeholders to inform management, policy, and decision making, as well as raised awareness of vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change. The success of this case study provides a reference for the adaptive management of other coastal cities and their sustainable development in a changing climate.

Since the official launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, China and the BRI countries have been working for the implementation of certain environmental measures to make the BRI project green and clean. For this purpose, China and the BRI countries have planned to implement certain environmental measures. Although China can efficiently implement these measures, most of the BRI countries face technological deficiencies and lack of proper environmental plannings. To tackle these deficiencies, the BRI countries can import environmental technology from China. Moreover, they can communicate their environmental protection policies with China for better policy guidance. The current study, therefore, aims to examine whether the BRI countries’ import of environmental technology from China can reduce carbon emissions in these countries. Moreover, it also examines that whether these countries should follow the environmental policy and the import policy of China or they should follow the six European countries (EU-6) with minimum carbon emissions intensity. This study considers a sample of 88 selected BRI countries (BRI-88) for the period 2001–2019. The results obtained with β convergence (based on the panel quantile regression model) suggest that not all the BRI countries but only the BRI countries with relatively higher carbon emissions intensity can significantly reduce their average carbon emissions intensity by importing environmental technology from China. Moreover, BRI countries can follow the environmental policy of China which is more feasible for them. However, regarding the environmental goods import policy, BRI countries can follow both China and the EU-6.

Abstract The electric power industry is restructuring as regulations move from states to regional and national levels. Estimates of regional fuel and input substitution are essential for practitioners and policy makers. This paper estimates substitution under static and dynamic scenarios, examining changes in technology and total factor productivity from 2001 to 2008. Two-stage estimation reveals regional characteristics and underlying elements in fuel and factor choice processes. Substitution varies widely depending on the region, coal technology, capital investment, and R&D activities.

Abstract The transition of energy structure to renewable energy is a social and systematic engineering that requires complex regional power interconnection as a support. Thus, an assessment of the economic viability of infrastructure investments for supporting such transmission expansion is crucial. This study presents a multi-regional power system optimization model to evaluate the potential economic benefits of infrastructure investments for the national inter-regional electricity network in China under various scenarios in the context of low-carbon transformation. Key factors influencing economic benefits are analyzed specifically and regulation barriers associated with inter-regional electricity trade are given particular attention. The results show that approximately 140 Giga Watt (GW) of infrastructure construction for the inter-regional electricity trade network is economically viable during the planning horizon. These new interconnections would lead to 250–440 billion RMB of economic benefits. Regional electricity trade barriers caused by imperfect market mechanisms have a negative impact on the economic benefits of transmission infrastructure investments, although they promote scale and utilization efficiency in the power sector of electricity-importing regions. Improving the national grid coordination mechanism to break the grid isolation between the State Grid Corporation of China and the China Southern Power Grid is crucial, because a large number of transmission lines connecting these two national-level power grids are economically viable.

Il existe une forte demande pour une source d'énergie propre, abordable et durable en raison de la limitation de l'approvisionnement en combustibles fossiles. Les révolutions industrielles des algues se sont avérées être une étape importante pour réaliser le besoin croissant d'énergie et atteindre les objectifs de développement durable (ODD). Dans cette revue, la production et le traitement des algues d'un point de vue industriel et le traitement des algues dans l'industrie 4.0 ainsi qu'un changement de paradigme de l'industrie 4.0 à l'industrie 5.0 ont été bien délimités. De plus, de nombreux aspects de l'industrie des algues ont été discutés, notamment l'analyse économique et environnementale de la production de bioénergie des algues, la personnalisation de la bioénergie dérivée des algues, la culture des algues et les modifications de l'approche culturale. Les outils de génie génétique mis en œuvre dans la culture d'algues pour la production de bioénergie et de sous-produits ont également été étudiés, ainsi que des domaines de concentration tels que la souche d'algues souhaitée et sa détection par manipulation génétique automatisée et modification génétique. En outre, les impacts de l'Industrie 5.0 sur les nouvelles opportunités de marché et l'aspect environnemental ainsi que la possibilité d'atteindre les ODD ont été étudiés de manière significative. Existe una gran demanda de fuentes de energía limpias, asequibles y sostenibles debido a la limitación en el suministro de combustibles fósiles. Las revoluciones industriales de las algas han demostrado ser un paso significativo para darse cuenta de la creciente necesidad de energía y lograr los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS). En esta revisión, la producción y el procesamiento de algas desde el punto de vista de la industria y el procesamiento de algas en la Industria 4.0, así como un cambio paradigmático de la Industria 4.0 a la Industria 5.0, estuvieron bien delineados. Además, se han discutido numerosos aspectos en la industria de las algas, incluido el análisis económico y ambiental de la producción de bioenergía de las algas, la personalización de la bioenergía derivada de las algas, el cultivo de algas y las modificaciones en el enfoque de cultivo. También se estudiaron las herramientas de ingeniería genética implementadas en el cultivo de algas para la generación de bioenergía y subproductos, y el área de enfoque como la cepa de algas deseada y su detección a través de la manipulación genética automatizada y la modificación genética. Además, se estudiaron significativamente los impactos de la Industria 5.0 en el aspecto de nuevas oportunidades de mercado y medio ambiente, así como la posibilidad de alcanzar los ODS. There is a high demand for clean, affordable and sustainable source of energy due to the limitation in fossil fuel supplies. The algae industrial revolutions have proved to be a significant step to realize the growing need for energy and achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this review, the production and processing of algae from an industry point of view and the algae processing in Industry 4.0 as well as a paradigmatic shift from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 were well-delineated. Moreover, numerous aspects in the algae industry have been discussed, including economic and environmental analysis of algae bioenergy production, customization of the algae-derived bioenergy, algae cultivation and modifications in the cultivating approach. Genetic engineering tools implemented in the algae culture for bioenergy and by-products generation was also studied, and area of focusing such as the desired algae strain and its detection through automated genetic manipulation and genetic modification. Furthermore, the impacts of the Industry 5.0 on the new market opportunities and environment aspect as well as the possibility of achieving SDGs were significantly studied. هناك طلب كبير على مصادر الطاقة النظيفة والميسورة التكلفة والمستدامة بسبب محدودية إمدادات الوقود الأحفوري. أثبتت الثورات الصناعية للطحالب أنها خطوة مهمة لتحقيق الحاجة المتزايدة للطاقة وتحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة (SDGs). في هذه المراجعة، تم تحديد إنتاج ومعالجة الطحالب من وجهة نظر الصناعة ومعالجة الطحالب في الصناعة 4.0 بالإضافة إلى التحول النموذجي من الصناعة 4.0 إلى الصناعة 5.0 بشكل جيد. علاوة على ذلك، تمت مناقشة العديد من الجوانب في صناعة الطحالب، بما في ذلك التحليل الاقتصادي والبيئي لإنتاج الطاقة الحيوية للطحالب، وتخصيص الطاقة الحيوية المستمدة من الطحالب، وزراعة الطحالب والتعديلات في نهج الزراعة. كما تمت دراسة أدوات الهندسة الوراثية المنفذة في استزراع الطحالب للطاقة الحيوية وتوليد المنتجات الثانوية، ومجال التركيز مثل سلالة الطحالب المرغوبة واكتشافها من خلال التلاعب الوراثي الآلي والتعديل الوراثي. علاوة على ذلك، تمت دراسة تأثيرات الصناعة 5.0 على فرص السوق الجديدة والجانب البيئي بالإضافة إلى إمكانية تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة بشكل كبير.

La contaminación ambiental se ha convertido en motivo de preocupación en todo el mundo con el aumento de la urbanización, el transporte, la industrialización y varios otros factores. Por lo tanto, el investigador ha diseñado este estudio para investigar el impacto de la urbanización, el gasto en I + D en investigación y desarrollo, el desarrollo de infraestructuras y los ingresos reales en la emisión de dióxido de carbono en los países asiáticos. El proceso de recopilación de datos involucró a seis países asiáticos desde 1997 hasta finales de 2019. Las herramientas y técnicas de estimación y análisis de datos del panel se aplicaron en el datos recopilados y se obtuvieron los resultados. Los resultados de la estimación de regresión sugieren que, según el estimador MG, todas las variables tienen un impacto significativo y positivo en las emisiones de CO 2, pero el desarrollo de la infraestructura tiene un impacto insignificante. En el caso de FMOLS, nuevamente todas las variables tienen un impacto significativo y positivo en las emisiones de CO 2, pero el desarrollo de la infraestructura tiene un impacto insignificante. Sin embargo, en el caso de DOLS, todas las variables han mostrado un impacto significativo en las emisiones de CO 2. En el último, el estimador DK indica que la urbanización, el ingreso real y la densidad de población tienen un impacto significativo y positivo en las emisiones de CO 2 pero el gasto en I + D y el desarrollo de infraestructuras tienen un impacto insignificante. De esta manera, se estimaron los impactos de todas las variables independientes y de control sobre las emisiones de CO 2. La pollution de l'environnement est devenue un sujet de préoccupation dans le monde entier avec l'augmentation de l'urbanisation, des transports, de l'industrialisation et de plusieurs autres facteurs.Le chercheur a donc conçu cette étude pour étudier l'impact de l'urbanisation, des dépenses de recherche et développement, du développement des infrastructures et des revenus réels sur les émissions de dioxyde de carbone dans les pays asiatiques.Le processus de collecte de données a impliqué six pays asiatiques de 1997 à fin 2019.Les outils et techniques d'estimation et d'analyse des données du panel ont été appliqués sur le les données collectées et les résultats ont été obtenus.Les résultats de l'estimation de la régression suggèrent que, selon l'estimateur MG, toutes les variables ont un impact significatif et positif sur les émissions de CO 2, mais le développement de l'infrastructure a un impact insignifiant.Dans le cas de la FMOLS, encore une fois, toutes les variables ont un impact significatif et positif sur les émissions de CO 2, mais le développement de l'infrastructure a un impact insignifiant.Toutefois, dans le cas de la DOLS, toutes les variables ont montré un impact significatif sur les émissions de CO 2.Dans le dernier, l'estimateur DK indique que l'urbanisation, le revenu réel et la densité de population ont un impact significatif et positif sur les émissions de CO 2 mais les dépenses de R&D et le développement des infrastructures ont un impact insignifiant. De cette façon, les impacts de toutes les variables indépendantes et de contrôle sur les émissions de CO 2 ont été estimés. Environmental pollution has become the matter of concern all over the world with the increase in urbanization, transport, industrialization and several other factors.The researcher has therefore designed this study to investigate the impact of urbanization, research and development R&D expenditure, infrastructure development and real income on the emission of carbon dioxide in Asian countries.The data collection process involved six Asian countries from 1997 and ending 2019.The panel data estimation and analysis tools and techniques were applied on the collected data and the results were obtained.The results of regression estimation suggest that as per MG estimator, all the variables have significant and positive impact on CO 2 emission but infrastructure development has insignificant impact.In case of FMOLS, again all the variables have significant and positive impact on CO 2 emission but infrastructure development has insignificant impact.However, in case of DOLS, all the variables have shown significant impact on CO 2 emission.In the last, DK estimator indicates that urbanization, real income and population density have significant and positive impact on CO 2 emission but R&D expenditure and infrastructure development has insignificant impact.In this way, the impacts of all independent and control variables on CO 2 emission were estimated. أصبح التلوث البيئي مصدر قلق في جميع أنحاء العالم مع زيادة التحضر والنقل والتصنيع والعديد من العوامل الأخرى. لذلك صمم الباحث هذه الدراسة للتحقيق في تأثير التحضر والبحث والتطوير والإنفاق على البحث والتطوير وتطوير البنية التحتية والدخل الحقيقي على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في البلدان الآسيوية. وشملت عملية جمع البيانات ستة بلدان آسيوية من عام 1997 وحتى نهاية عام 2019. تم تطبيق أدوات وتقنيات تقدير وتحليل بيانات اللوحة على تم الحصول على البيانات التي تم جمعها والنتائج. تشير نتائج تقدير الانحدار إلى أنه وفقًا لتقدير MG، فإن جميع المتغيرات لها تأثير كبير وإيجابي على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون ولكن تطوير البنية التحتية له تأثير ضئيل. في حالة FMOLS، مرة أخرى جميع المتغيرات لها تأثير كبير وإيجابي على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون ولكن تطوير البنية التحتية له تأثير ضئيل. ومع ذلك، في حالة DOLS، أظهرت جميع المتغيرات تأثيرًا كبيرًا على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون. في الأخير، يشير مقدر DK إلى أن التحضر والدخل الحقيقي والكثافة السكانية لها تأثير كبير وإيجابي على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون لكن الإنفاق على البحث والتطوير وتطوير البنية التحتية له تأثير ضئيل. وبهذه الطريقة، تم تقدير تأثيرات جميع المتغيرات المستقلة والتحكم على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون.