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In light of the escalating economic influence of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), the intricate interplay of sustainability, innovation, and export performance assumes paramount significance. This study focuses on French SMEs in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ARA) region, exploring the relatively uncharted territory of a synergistic approach to sustainability and innovation. Through a 2022-2023 field survey of 290 SMEs, employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression models, the research investigates the potential enhancement of export performance through this synergistic approach. The study reveals a positive impact, emphasizing the significance of sustainability certifications (EUR 24,416 additional export turnover per certification), R&D investment (EUR 1.38 boost per euro invested), and environmental patents (EUR 64,439 per patent). Qualitative insights enrich the understanding of challenges and opportunities, especially in terms of environmental footprint reduction. The findings underscore the need for prioritizing sustainability and innovation by French SMEs to thrive in export markets, with implications for policymakers in designing initiatives. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics between sustainability, innovation, and export performance, providing practical guidance for SMEs and a methodological foundation for future regional research.

In view of the complexity and non-linearity of energy consumption system and the status quo of the development of energy in Qinghai province, the relations between energy consumption and industrial structure is analyzed by using the quantitative analysis of grey relation degree by using the grey system theory. The relevancy degree among the primary industry, the secondary industry and the tertiary industry and living energy consumption are obtained, and then the trend of energy consumption in the following several years can be predicted. The results show that the secondary industry has the largest relevancy degree to the total energy consumption. In the end, according to the results of the research, several suggestions on how to saving energy are put forward. Firstly, the government should improve the high-tech industry and restrict the development of high-consumption and high-pollution industries. Secondly, the government should promote the low-carbon way of life; promote energy saving and control the energy consumption of the department of life. Thirdly, clean production should be actively promoted in the tertiary industry and the circular economy should be vigorously expanded.

Our study shows how the United States government can achieve its goal of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2025, 2030, and 2050 by reducing energy consumption through a pure carbon tax. To achieve its emissions reduction goals, it is necessary for the U.S. to impose a long-term carbon tax that balances taxes on labour, capital, energy, and carbon. Therefore, in this study, through the two-layer CGE Cobb–Douglas model, the carbon tax rate is set while balancing the production and profit functions of government, businesses, and households. This study concludes that the carbon price will increase from USD 0.4391/kg CO2 in 2020 to USD 2.5671/kg CO2 in 2050, when the CO2 emissions reduction target is increased from 17% reduction in 2020 to 83% reduction in 2050 for the U.S.

This paper utilizes cointegration theory, error correcting model and Granger causality testing theory to make an empirical research on the relation between urbanization and GDP in China, and also implements a comparative analysis to the relation between three industries and degree of urbanization, the related coeffecient is 0.97, 0.95, 0.97, 0.97. And the result shows a long-term balance between these two factors, and the promoting effect to tertiary industry by urbanization is more obvious. Urbanization and economic growth are the long-term balanced relations. In the long-term balance, every 1% increment of urbanization can make 4.82% increment of GDP; In short-term balance, if the balance depart from the long-term balance at the i-th term, the model will take automatic reversal adjustment with -0.06 adjusting strength at the (i+1)th term, to make it move to the long-term balance. The economic growth onto urbanization is one-way causality relationship, the primary and secondary industry onto urbanization is also one-way causality relationship. However, the tertiary industry onto urbanization is both-way causality relationship.

In recent years, in order to promote the independent development of the new energy vehicle industry, Chinese government has decided to reduce the consumption subsidies for new energy vehicles until the subsidies are completely withdrawn. The reduction of consumption subsidy has a great impact on the production and sales of new energy vehicles in the whole vehicle market. However, does the reduction of this subsidy also have an impact on other enterprises in the new energy vehicles industry chain? This paper tests this problem using data from 2016 to 2018, and finds, through empirical analysis, that during the period of subsidy decline, the profitability of component enterprises is significantly positively correlated with this subsidies, while the r&d investment of enterprises is significantly negatively correlated with this subsidies. The results show that in terms of profitability, the reduction of consumer subsidies not only has an impact on the whole vehicle industry of new energy vehicles, but also has an adverse impact on the core component companies in the industrial chain. However, in terms of r&d, the reduction of subsidies has more negatively strengthened the input and attention of R&D in component companies.

The environment is extremely important to human existence, and, at the same time entrepreneurship is recognized to be vital in economic development. In as much as entrepreneurship is of great importance, individuals and organizations must consider the consequences and impacts of their business operations on the environment: this leads to the concept of green entrepreneurship. Green Entrepreneurship is regarded as one of the major drivers for the green economy. Due to sustainable development issues, the concept of green entrepreneurship is gaining significant momentum, but the phenomenon is still under-researched. The primary objective of this study is to review, explore, and integrate current views in the field in view of clarifying relevant concepts in green entrepreneurship context. In this research, an exploratory approach was adopted which involves the review and analysis of various research works on green economy and entrepreneurship. This paper discusses the key concepts of green entrepreneurship, offers a new and more dynamic view of the evolving nature of it, and concludes that it is essential to look at the green economy as a diverse constellation of myriad actors instead of corporate reinventions of status quo.

Based on the clear introduction of the connotation of marginalization, the index of diagnosing the marginalization degree is put forward. According to the 685 copies of questionnaires on peasant households in Tongcheng County of Hubei Province and the statistical data of local government, marginalization of arable land and its correlation with rural labor migration in Tongcheng County are studied by using aggregative indicator method, clustering analysis method and correlation analysis method. Result shows that marginalization of arable land has happened two times in Tongcheng County since 1985. Dry land has severer marginalization degree than paddy field. There is significant correlation between marginalization degree of arable land and rural labor migration; and the correlation between marginalization degree and rural labor migration in paddy field is greater than that in dry land. Marginalization of arable land will advance the rural labor migration, while in response to the poor current circulation of lands; the rural labor migration will further deepen the marginalization degree. Marginalization of arable land is one of the important factors affecting the labor migration in rural areas.

It can be observed from the existing energy literature the previous papers investigating the infuence of renewables consumption on GDP for the USA commonly ignore structural breaks in the US economy. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth for the USA using quarterly data over the period 1977Q1-2019Q3 through unit root and cointegration methods based on diferent approaches in modelling structural breaks. Our empirical evidence confrms that all unit root tests give similar outputs and show all the variables become stationary at 1st diferences. Besides, cointegration tests show highly diferent results in terms of the statistical signifcance of the coeffcients. For instance, the cointegration test without structural breaks indicates that renewable energy consumption has no impact on economic growth. With sharp structural breaks in the cointegration approach, there is no cointegration between the variables. The empirical fndings of the cointegration test with sharp and gradual breaks imply that renewable energy consumption has positive efects on economic growth. This paper discusses the implications of the empirical fndings.

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