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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2003 Germany, ThailandAuthors: Hoppe-Kilpper, Martin;DSpace an der Univer... arrow_drop_down DSpace an der Universität KasselDoctoral thesis . 2003License: "In Copyright" Rights StatementData sources: DSpace an der Universität Kasseladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert DSpace an der Univer... arrow_drop_down DSpace an der Universität KasselDoctoral thesis . 2003License: "In Copyright" Rights StatementData sources: DSpace an der Universität Kasseladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Research , Other literature type , Preprint 2001Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2001 SwitzerlandPublisher:ETH Zurich Authors: Daniel Spreng; Marco Semadeni;CEPE Working Paper, 11
Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 4 citations 4 popularity Average influence Top 10% impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2001 GermanyAuthors: Poppe, Jens;In dieser Arbeit werden kalt-abgeschiedene Mehrkomponentenschichtelektroden hin-sichtlich ihrer elektrokatalytischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Die Mehrkomponenten-schichten aus Gold, Nickel und ggf. Antimon werden auf einem Kohlenstoffträgermaterial abgeschieden. Dabei handelt es sich um Metallkomponenten, die sich unter ther-modynamischen Bedingungen nicht mischen. Unter UHV-Bedingungen wird ein hochdispergierter bzw. amorpher Zustand erzwungen. Die frisch hergestellte Mehrkomponentenschicht ist elektrochemisch inert. Zyklovoltammetrische Untersuchungen führen zu dem Schluß, daß sich die Oberflächenschicht im elektrochemischen Experiment verändert. Die Elektrooxidation der Alkohole Methanol, Ethanol und Ethylenglykol in KOH-Lösung tritt erst nach einer Aktivierungsphase auf. Die elektrokatalytischen Eigenschaften der reinen Metalle treten zutage. Mittels der in situ Infrarotspektroskopie werden Formiat, Acetat und Glykolat als Oxidationsprodukte der obengenannten Alkohole identifiziert. Oberflächen-Ramanmessungen werden unter der Fragestellung durchgeführt, ob die kalt-abgeschiedenen Schichten einen Oberflächenverstärkungseffekt (SERS-Effekt) zeigen: Es werden Ramanmessungen von Pyridin als Sondenmolekül in KOH-Lösung an Mehrkomponentenschichtelektroden und an massiven Mehrkomponentenelektroden durchgeführt. The electrooxidation of methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol at cold deposited trimetallic thin layers of gold, nickel and antimony on glassy carbon in contact with an alkaline electrolyte solution was studied with cyclic voltammetry and in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. A new procedure of spectra acquisition resulting in an improved suppression of spurious bands caused by volatile components in the sample chamber of the infrared spectrometer was employed. Formate, acetate and glycolate are detected as oxidation products. The thin layer electrodes are also investigated with Raman spectroscopy (surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy), whereby pyridine is used as probe molecule.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2013 GermanyAuthors: Hartmann, Niklas;Der Anteil der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien am Bruttostromverbrauch ist zwischen den Jahren 2000 und 2011 von 6,8 % auf über 20 % gestiegen. Zukünftig wird dieser Anteil weiter zunehmen. Ein Großteil der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien ist durch erhebliche Fluktuationen, die nur in begrenztem Umfang planbar sind, charakterisiert. Das Elektrizitätssystem Deutschlands steht daher vor der Herausforderung, immer höhere Anteile der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien aufzunehmen und trotz abnehmender Kapazitäten des konventionellen Kraftwerkparks die Versorgungssicherheit zu gewährleisten. Einen Beitrag zur Integration hoher Anteile erneuerbarer Energien an der Stromerzeugung und zur Gewährleistung der Versorgungssicherheit können Speicher liefern. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die Rolle und Bedeutung von Stromspeichern zur Integration hoher Anteile erneuerbarer Energien in das Elektrizitätssystem Deutschlands zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Hierfür wurde der Speicherbetrieb adiabater Druckluftspeicher, diabater Druckluftspeicher und mobiler Batteriespeicher (in Elektrofahrzeugen) mit Hilfe eines technischen Modells simuliert und anhand einer technisch-ökonomischen Analyse dem Referenzsystem „Pumpspeicher“ gegenübergestellt. Wesentliche Charakteristika wurden anschließend in ein Optimierungsmodell der Einsatzplanung des Elektrizitätssystems Deutschlands (Joint-Market-Model) übernommen, um die Auswirkungen des Speichereinsatzes zur Integration hoher Anteile erneuerbarer Energien auf die Systemkosten und den Speicherbetrieb zu analysieren. Es wurden anhand verschiedener Szenarien die Anteile erneuerbarer Energien von 50 %, 80 % und 100 % am Bruttostromverbrauch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine vollständige Integration hoher Anteile der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien nur mit einem erheblichen Ausbau an Speichern realisiert werden kann. Für einen Anteil von 50 % erneuerbarer Energien an der Elektrizitätsnachfrage in Deutschland wurde ein Bedarf an Speicherleistung ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2004 GermanyAuthors: Pamme, Hildegard;This thesis analyzes the impact of sustainable strategies on local politics in Germany. Making use of structuration theory and different approaches in organization theory, the dissertation argues that it would be very difficult to increase the ecological effectiveness of local government using the idea of sustainable development. The essential aspects of the theoretical assumptions are confirmed by evaluating a wide range of empirical studies on Local Agenda 21, the Environmental Management and Audit Scheme and environmental impact assessment. It can be shown that the ecological effects of local sustainability are limited. Bureaucratization and the growing dominance of economic principles determine the logic of sustainability on the local level. Drawing on the theoretical considerations discussed here, the author concludes by suggesting ways in which the ecological effectiveness of local government can be strengthened.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2007 GermanyPublisher:Universität Tübingen Authors: Don, Axel;handle: 10900/44036
Nach Artikel 3.3. des Kyoto-Protokolls können Aufforstungen als Kohlenstoff (C) Senken angerechnet werden. Junge Aufforstungen können jedoch signifikante C-Quellen darstellen, wenn der C-Austrag durch Bodenatmung die C-Speicherung durch den Biomassezuwachs der Bäume übersteigt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, i) die Faktoren zu untersuchen, die den Anwuchserfolg der Bäume bei Freiflächenaufforstungen bestimmen, ii) den Einfluss der Flächenvorbereitungsmaßnahmen und Veränderungen im Flächenmanagement auf die C-Bilanz des Systems zu quantifizieren, iii) den Einfluss historischer Landnutzungswechsel und der Bodenfauna (Regenwürmer) auf die C-Dynamik zu untersuchen und iv) die Heterogenität der C-Vorräte im Boden auf zwei Aufforstungsflächen zu analysieren, um ein optimiertes Beprobungsdesign für zukünftige Untersuchungen auf diesen Flächen zu entwickeln. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien sind in sechs Publikationen zusammengefasst. Sie bilden die Grundlage für das Langzeitexperiment BIOTREE, in dessen Rahmen diese Arbeit angefertigt wurde. Das Experiment umfasst drei Flächen von insgesamt 70 ha in Thüringen. Das Ziel dieses Experimentes ist es in Zukunft den Einfluss der Baumartenvielfalt auf ökosystemare Prozesse zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden 300 000 Setzlinge 19 verschiedener Baumarten gepflanzt. Der Anwuchserfolg der 19 verschiedenen Baumarten, sowie die Einflussfaktoren, die den Anwuchserfolg bestimmen, wurde untersucht. Ausfälle von bis zu 79% pro Baumart verlängern die Zeit bis die Aufforstungsfläche zu einer Netto-C-Senke wird. Untersuchungsflächen mit hoher Baumartenvielfalt waren resistenter gegenüber Verbissschäden durch Schermäuse und Hasen als Flächen mit geringer Baumartenvielfalt. Die Flächen Mehrstedt und Kaltenborn wurden vor 23 und 29 Jahren teilweise von Acker zu Grünland umgewandelt. Diese vergangenen Landnutzungsänderungen ergaben keine signifikanten Veränderungen der C-Vorräte im Boden aber eine veränderte vertikale C-Verteilung. Hohe C-Vorräte wurden unterhalb der Pflugsohle auf den tonreichen Böden der Ackerfläche Mehrstedt gefunden. Die Quell- und Schrumpfdynamik der Tonminerale führte zu einem beschleunigten C-Transport in den Unterboden. 14C Altersbestimmungen des organischen Kohlenstoffs bestätigten diese Hypothese. Nur im obersten Bodenhorizont auf der Grünlandfläche Kaltenborn sind die mineralischen Oberflächen C-gesättigt und können deshalb keinen zusätzlichen Kohlenstoff physikalisch stabilisieren. Die großen ungesättigten mineralischen Oberflächen der Unterböden stellen ein ungenutztes Potenzial zur Stabilisierung und Speicherung von zusätzlichem Kohlenstoff dar. Der Netto-C-Fluss zwischen der Landoberfläche und der Atmosphäre wurde auf der Aufforstungsfläche Mehrstedt und einem angrenzendem Grünland mit zwei Eddy- Kovarianz-Türmen gemessen. Die Bruttoprimärproduktion der Aufforstungsfläche war um 41% (erstes Jahr) bis 14% (drittes Jahr) geringer als die der benachbarten Grünlandfläche. Die Flächenvorbereitung der Aufforstung mit Tieffräsen der Pflanzreihen zerstörte 30% der nicht-verholzten Vegetation, die die C-Flüsse der Fläche bestimmten. Eine beschleunigte Mineralisierung von Bodenkohlenstoff auf der Aufforstungsfläche führte im ersten Jahr zu einem Netto-C-Verlust von 1.2 t ha-1. Dahingegen war die saisonale C-Dynamik durch klimatische Faktoren bestimmt und durch Störungen durch das Flächenmanagement. Die Detektierbarkeit von Veränderungen der C-Vorräte im Boden wird durch deren räumliche und vertikale Heterogenität bestimmt. Die Variabilität der Bodenkohlenstoff-konzentration war ein bis zwei Größenordnungen größer als die der Feinbodendichte. Aus diesen beiden Parametern werden die C-Vorräte im Boden errechnet. Mit einem Simulationsmodel konnte gezeigt werden wie diese Information genutzt werden kann, um das Beprobungsdesign zu optimieren mit 12 - 19% weniger Proben aber unveränderter statistischer Genauigkeit. Der Einfluss von Regenwürmern auf den C-Transport und die C-Stabilisierung wurde untersucht, um den Effekt von verringerter Regenwurmabundanz in Wäldern auf die C Dynamik im Boden abschätzen zu können. Tiefgrabende Regenwürmer haben frischen Detritus schnell und effektive in den Unterboden transportiert und dort an den Gangwänden abgelagert. Entgegen der Hypothese, dass Regenwürmer zur C Stabilisierung beitragen wurde ein schneller C-Abbau in den Regenwurmgängen gemessen mit Umsatzzeiten von 3 bis 5 Jahren. Ein NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) Relexationszeit-experiment und Messungen zur Enzymaktivität in den Regenwurmgängen ergaben keine Hinweise auf eine C-Stabilisierung durch Regenwürmer. Die C-Dynamik der untersuchten Aufforstungsflächen wird durch verschiedene Faktoren bestimmt, von denen sich einige kontinuierlich mit Heranwachsen des Waldes ändern werden, wie z.B. die Regenwurmabundanz oder die Bodenfeuchtedynamik. Dies wird zu Rückkopplungen auf den C-Kreislauf und auf die C-Speicherfunktion der Aufforstung führen. ; Afforestations are acknowledged as C sinks under the Kyoto protocol article 3.3. However, young afforestations may be considerable C sources. Losses of soil C may offset the C sink of the tree biomass. The aim of this thesis was to i) investigate the factors that affect the establishment success of the new forests, ii) quantify the impact of site preparation and management changes along with the afforestation on the C balance of the system, iii) understand how soil C dynamics are influenced by historical land use changes and activity of the soil fauna (earthworms), and iv) to explore soil C variability to set up an optimized sampling scheme for future soil C studies at the two afforestation sites. The essence of this research is presented in the form of six manuscripts. This thesis sets the basis for the long-term experiment BIOTREE which was started at three sites in Thuringia with a total of 70 ha. The future aim of this experiment is to investigate the influence of tree diversity on ecosystem processes. Therefore, 300 000 seedlings from 19 different tree species were planted. The design of the experiment is outlined in manuscript 1 together with a description of the three study sites. Manuscript 2 explores the differences between the establishment success of the tree species and the influencing factors. Establishment failure of the species up to 79% extends the time before afforestations become net C sinks. Experimental plots with higher tree diversity were found to be more resistant against damages by voles and rabbits than plots with less tree species. Parts of the sites Kaltenborn and Mehrstedt were converted from cropland to grassland, 23 and 29 years ago, respectively. The impact of this historical land use change on soil C stocks and C fractions was investigated (manuscript 3). Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in soil C stocks between both land use types but a different vertical C distribution was observed. High C stocks at the clay rich Mehrstedt site were found below the ploughing horizon. The swelling and shrinking dynamic of the clayey soil was expected to enhance the C transport into the subsoil. Measurements of the 14C age of this subsoil C confirmed this hypothesis. In the uppermost horizon of the sandy soil in the Kaltenborn grassland mineral surfaces were found to be C-saturated, thus, this horizon cannot physically stabilise additional C. The large area of unsaturated mineral surfaces in the subsoil provides an unused capacity to stabilise and store additional C at of both sites. Net C exchange fluxes between land surface and atmosphere were measured with two eddy covariance towers at the afforestation site Mehrstedt and an adjacent grassland site (manuscript 4). Gross primary productivity of the afforestation was reduced by 41% (first two years) to 14% (third year) compared to the grassland. Site preparation of the afforestation with deep ploughing damaged parts of the herbaceous vegetation that dominated the C fluxes. Enhanced C mineralisation was detected at the afforestation only during the first year, causing a net C loss of 1.2 t ha-1. Seasonal C dynamics were determined by climatic factors (mainly precipitation during summer) and disturbances by site management (grazing on grassland site, mowing on the afforestation site). The probability to detect expected soil C stock changes depends on the vertical and spatial heterogeneity of the C stocks. The variability of the soil C concentration was found to be one to two magnitudes higher than the variability of the bulk density. Both parameters directly affect the calculated soil C stocks. A simulation model revealed the possibility to improve the sampling design for soil C stocks with sample numbers reduced by 12-19% but unchanged statistical power. This is of major importance because high sample numbers are usually needed to make soil C stock changes detectable. The effect of earthworms on soil C translocation and stabilisation was investigated to understand how afforestations may influence the C cycling indirectly by reducing the earthworm abundance (manuscript 6). Deep burrowing earthworms were found to be effective in translocating recently assimilated C into the subsoil by depositing it along the burrow walls. Contrary to the original hypothesis of C stabilisation due to earthworm gut passage, organic C in earthworm burrows was lost rapidly with half life times of only 3 5 years. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation experiments and enzyme activity measurements showed no enhanced C stabilisation by earthworms. The C dynamics of the investigated afforestation sites were found to be influenced by different factors. Some of them, such as earthworm abundance and seasonal soil moisture pattern, change along with the forest development feeding back on the C cycle and the C sequestration.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2000 GermanySachs, Nicole; Kaule, Giselher; Klamt, Cornelia; Krewitt, Wolfgang; Friedrich, Rainer;Im Rahmen dieses Vorprojekts wurde die Entwicklung von Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren für solche Umweltbereiche untersucht, die für eine zielgenaue Bewertung des Umweltzustands eine räumliche Disaggregierung der betrachteten Parameter voraussetzen und über das Maß der bisher entwickelten Indikatoren für Baden-Württemberg hinausgehen. In dem genannten Projekt wurde die Anwendbarkeit und der erwartete Nutzen solcher Indikatoren beispielhaft für die Problemfelder Flächenversiegelung Zusammenhängende landwirtschaftliche Fläche Nutzungsintensität von Auenböden, und Biodiversität untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Belastungen in den untersuchten Umweltbereichen standortspezifisch sind. Eine Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Empfindlichkeiten im Rahmen einer räumlich differenzierten Betrachtung ist daher für die Analyse besonders belasteter Gebiete und für die Entwicklung individueller Handlungsempfehlungen unumgänglich. ; Within the scope of this pre-project the development of sustainability indicators has been analyzed for those environmental areas which require a spatial disaggregation to obtain a reliable assessment of the environmental conditions. The applicability and the expected benefit of such disaggregated indicators is exemplary demonstrated with the following purviews surface sealing, connected areas with a good applicability for agriculture, land use intensity of flooding areas and biodiversity. The results demonstrate, that the environmental impacts are highly site-specific. The consideration of different sensitivities is recommended for the analysis of particulary burdened regions and for the development of an efficient implementation of adequat measures.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2006 GermanyAuthors: Wibbelhoff, Oliver;This work presents an analysis of the energy structure of carriers enclosed in self-assembled InAs quantum dots. Capacitance-voltage-spectroscopy (CV) with perpendicular magnetic fields is used to identify the energy structure of holes in quantum dots. Applying a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator model, we demonstrate an irregular filling sequence where the d states are occupied with holes before the filling of the p shell is completed. This surprising behavior is explained by a shift in the energy structure in favor of the coulomb repulsion due to the strong interaction in the hole system. We have mapped out the wave functions of electron and hole carriers using CV-spectroscopy with parallel magnetic fields. This allows us to obtain two dimensional plots of the probability densities in k-space for the carriers. The wave functions are interpreted in a quasi particle picture. For the s electrons in quantum dots we obtain Gaussian like probability densities with certain deviations. The wave functions are elongated along [1-10] in direct space. This is caused by a morphological anisotropy of the quantum dots and due to the piezoelectric effect in these structures. The p states show nodal structures with orbitals that are oriented perpendicular to each other. The low energy p states are oriented along [1-10] in direct space. The hole wave functions show an elongation along the perpendicular direction [110] in direct space. This confirms the assumption that the probability distribution is mainly influenced by piezoelectric effects in the strained semiconductor system. Using polarization dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy we demonstrate an energy shift in the interband transitions which indicates an anisotropic confining potential.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2022Publisher:Zenodo Funded by:EC | FCH2RAILEC| FCH2RAILKonrad, Marcel; Pagenkopf, Johannes; J��ger, Victoria Carolin; Dittus, Holger; Dura, Georg; Garbar, Alexander; Maa��, Jan-Christoph;The project partners Duisport AG, the DLR Institute of Vehicle Concepts and the Center for Fuel Cell Technology (ZBT) have investigated the feasibility of locomotives with hydrogen fuel cell hybrid powertrains (FCH) for typical use by Duisport Rail (dpr) in the Duisburg port area and on the public rail network.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 94visibility views 94 download downloads 81 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 1998 GermanyAuthors: Schlenzig, Christoph;Strategische Energieplanung soll durch eine systematische und zukunftsbezogene Analyse Wege zu einer wirtschaftlichen und umweltfreundlichen Energieversorgung aufzeigen. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle entscheidungsunterstützende Planungsinstrumente und stellt das neue Instrument PlaNet für die strategische Energie- und Umweltplanung vor. Das Planungsinstrument PlaNet unterstützt das methodische Konzept der strukturierten Planung von der Definition der Problemstellung über die Modellierung bis hin zur Erfolgskontrolle. Die Daten stehen im Mittelpunkt des Planungsprozesses und werden in einer relationalen Datenbank zentral verwaltet. Energiesysteme werden in PlaNet mit dem Konzept des Referenzenergiesystems (RES) modelliert, einer Netzwerkdarstellung der Topologie der Energieflüsse. Durch die Trennung von Topologie des Energiesystems, Datenverwaltung und mathematischer Struktur des Modells konnte zum erstenmal ein standardisiertes Informationssystem für Energiesystemmodelle entwickelt werden. Simulationsmodule berechnen Energie-, Schadstoff- und Kapazitätzsbilanzen für beliebige Energiesysteme und ermitteln anhand der Investitionskosten, Brennstoffkosten, fixen und variablen Betriebskosten die über den Beobachtungszeitraum abdiskontierten Gesamtkosten des Energiesystems. Um Transparenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit der Planung zu erhöhen und eine regelmäßige Aktualisierung der Modellierung zu erleichtern, ermöglicht PlaNet die umfangreiche Dokumentation der Modellierungsarbeiten. PlaNet ist modular aufgebaut und integriert unter einer einheitlichen Bedienoberfläche ein Datenbanksystem, Simulationsmodule sowie entscheidungsunterstützende Werkzeuge für Szenariomanagement, Datenanalyse und multikriterielle Bewertung. PlaNet ist ein ideales Werkzeug für die strategische Analyse und die Erfolgskontrolle im Bereich der Energie- und Umweltplanung. ; Strategic energy planning supports decision making by offering a systematic way of analyzing, evaluating and shaping future energy systems. It consists of setting ...
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2003 Germany, ThailandAuthors: Hoppe-Kilpper, Martin;DSpace an der Univer... arrow_drop_down DSpace an der Universität KasselDoctoral thesis . 2003License: "In Copyright" Rights StatementData sources: DSpace an der Universität Kasseladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert DSpace an der Univer... arrow_drop_down DSpace an der Universität KasselDoctoral thesis . 2003License: "In Copyright" Rights StatementData sources: DSpace an der Universität Kasseladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Research , Other literature type , Preprint 2001Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2001 SwitzerlandPublisher:ETH Zurich Authors: Daniel Spreng; Marco Semadeni;CEPE Working Paper, 11
Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 4 citations 4 popularity Average influence Top 10% impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2001 GermanyAuthors: Poppe, Jens;In dieser Arbeit werden kalt-abgeschiedene Mehrkomponentenschichtelektroden hin-sichtlich ihrer elektrokatalytischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Die Mehrkomponenten-schichten aus Gold, Nickel und ggf. Antimon werden auf einem Kohlenstoffträgermaterial abgeschieden. Dabei handelt es sich um Metallkomponenten, die sich unter ther-modynamischen Bedingungen nicht mischen. Unter UHV-Bedingungen wird ein hochdispergierter bzw. amorpher Zustand erzwungen. Die frisch hergestellte Mehrkomponentenschicht ist elektrochemisch inert. Zyklovoltammetrische Untersuchungen führen zu dem Schluß, daß sich die Oberflächenschicht im elektrochemischen Experiment verändert. Die Elektrooxidation der Alkohole Methanol, Ethanol und Ethylenglykol in KOH-Lösung tritt erst nach einer Aktivierungsphase auf. Die elektrokatalytischen Eigenschaften der reinen Metalle treten zutage. Mittels der in situ Infrarotspektroskopie werden Formiat, Acetat und Glykolat als Oxidationsprodukte der obengenannten Alkohole identifiziert. Oberflächen-Ramanmessungen werden unter der Fragestellung durchgeführt, ob die kalt-abgeschiedenen Schichten einen Oberflächenverstärkungseffekt (SERS-Effekt) zeigen: Es werden Ramanmessungen von Pyridin als Sondenmolekül in KOH-Lösung an Mehrkomponentenschichtelektroden und an massiven Mehrkomponentenelektroden durchgeführt. The electrooxidation of methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol at cold deposited trimetallic thin layers of gold, nickel and antimony on glassy carbon in contact with an alkaline electrolyte solution was studied with cyclic voltammetry and in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. A new procedure of spectra acquisition resulting in an improved suppression of spurious bands caused by volatile components in the sample chamber of the infrared spectrometer was employed. Formate, acetate and glycolate are detected as oxidation products. The thin layer electrodes are also investigated with Raman spectroscopy (surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy), whereby pyridine is used as probe molecule.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2013 GermanyAuthors: Hartmann, Niklas;Der Anteil der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien am Bruttostromverbrauch ist zwischen den Jahren 2000 und 2011 von 6,8 % auf über 20 % gestiegen. Zukünftig wird dieser Anteil weiter zunehmen. Ein Großteil der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien ist durch erhebliche Fluktuationen, die nur in begrenztem Umfang planbar sind, charakterisiert. Das Elektrizitätssystem Deutschlands steht daher vor der Herausforderung, immer höhere Anteile der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien aufzunehmen und trotz abnehmender Kapazitäten des konventionellen Kraftwerkparks die Versorgungssicherheit zu gewährleisten. Einen Beitrag zur Integration hoher Anteile erneuerbarer Energien an der Stromerzeugung und zur Gewährleistung der Versorgungssicherheit können Speicher liefern. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die Rolle und Bedeutung von Stromspeichern zur Integration hoher Anteile erneuerbarer Energien in das Elektrizitätssystem Deutschlands zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Hierfür wurde der Speicherbetrieb adiabater Druckluftspeicher, diabater Druckluftspeicher und mobiler Batteriespeicher (in Elektrofahrzeugen) mit Hilfe eines technischen Modells simuliert und anhand einer technisch-ökonomischen Analyse dem Referenzsystem „Pumpspeicher“ gegenübergestellt. Wesentliche Charakteristika wurden anschließend in ein Optimierungsmodell der Einsatzplanung des Elektrizitätssystems Deutschlands (Joint-Market-Model) übernommen, um die Auswirkungen des Speichereinsatzes zur Integration hoher Anteile erneuerbarer Energien auf die Systemkosten und den Speicherbetrieb zu analysieren. Es wurden anhand verschiedener Szenarien die Anteile erneuerbarer Energien von 50 %, 80 % und 100 % am Bruttostromverbrauch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine vollständige Integration hoher Anteile der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien nur mit einem erheblichen Ausbau an Speichern realisiert werden kann. Für einen Anteil von 50 % erneuerbarer Energien an der Elektrizitätsnachfrage in Deutschland wurde ein Bedarf an Speicherleistung ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2004 GermanyAuthors: Pamme, Hildegard;This thesis analyzes the impact of sustainable strategies on local politics in Germany. Making use of structuration theory and different approaches in organization theory, the dissertation argues that it would be very difficult to increase the ecological effectiveness of local government using the idea of sustainable development. The essential aspects of the theoretical assumptions are confirmed by evaluating a wide range of empirical studies on Local Agenda 21, the Environmental Management and Audit Scheme and environmental impact assessment. It can be shown that the ecological effects of local sustainability are limited. Bureaucratization and the growing dominance of economic principles determine the logic of sustainability on the local level. Drawing on the theoretical considerations discussed here, the author concludes by suggesting ways in which the ecological effectiveness of local government can be strengthened.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2007 GermanyPublisher:Universität Tübingen Authors: Don, Axel;handle: 10900/44036
Nach Artikel 3.3. des Kyoto-Protokolls können Aufforstungen als Kohlenstoff (C) Senken angerechnet werden. Junge Aufforstungen können jedoch signifikante C-Quellen darstellen, wenn der C-Austrag durch Bodenatmung die C-Speicherung durch den Biomassezuwachs der Bäume übersteigt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, i) die Faktoren zu untersuchen, die den Anwuchserfolg der Bäume bei Freiflächenaufforstungen bestimmen, ii) den Einfluss der Flächenvorbereitungsmaßnahmen und Veränderungen im Flächenmanagement auf die C-Bilanz des Systems zu quantifizieren, iii) den Einfluss historischer Landnutzungswechsel und der Bodenfauna (Regenwürmer) auf die C-Dynamik zu untersuchen und iv) die Heterogenität der C-Vorräte im Boden auf zwei Aufforstungsflächen zu analysieren, um ein optimiertes Beprobungsdesign für zukünftige Untersuchungen auf diesen Flächen zu entwickeln. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien sind in sechs Publikationen zusammengefasst. Sie bilden die Grundlage für das Langzeitexperiment BIOTREE, in dessen Rahmen diese Arbeit angefertigt wurde. Das Experiment umfasst drei Flächen von insgesamt 70 ha in Thüringen. Das Ziel dieses Experimentes ist es in Zukunft den Einfluss der Baumartenvielfalt auf ökosystemare Prozesse zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden 300 000 Setzlinge 19 verschiedener Baumarten gepflanzt. Der Anwuchserfolg der 19 verschiedenen Baumarten, sowie die Einflussfaktoren, die den Anwuchserfolg bestimmen, wurde untersucht. Ausfälle von bis zu 79% pro Baumart verlängern die Zeit bis die Aufforstungsfläche zu einer Netto-C-Senke wird. Untersuchungsflächen mit hoher Baumartenvielfalt waren resistenter gegenüber Verbissschäden durch Schermäuse und Hasen als Flächen mit geringer Baumartenvielfalt. Die Flächen Mehrstedt und Kaltenborn wurden vor 23 und 29 Jahren teilweise von Acker zu Grünland umgewandelt. Diese vergangenen Landnutzungsänderungen ergaben keine signifikanten Veränderungen der C-Vorräte im Boden aber eine veränderte vertikale C-Verteilung. Hohe C-Vorräte wurden unterhalb der Pflugsohle auf den tonreichen Böden der Ackerfläche Mehrstedt gefunden. Die Quell- und Schrumpfdynamik der Tonminerale führte zu einem beschleunigten C-Transport in den Unterboden. 14C Altersbestimmungen des organischen Kohlenstoffs bestätigten diese Hypothese. Nur im obersten Bodenhorizont auf der Grünlandfläche Kaltenborn sind die mineralischen Oberflächen C-gesättigt und können deshalb keinen zusätzlichen Kohlenstoff physikalisch stabilisieren. Die großen ungesättigten mineralischen Oberflächen der Unterböden stellen ein ungenutztes Potenzial zur Stabilisierung und Speicherung von zusätzlichem Kohlenstoff dar. Der Netto-C-Fluss zwischen der Landoberfläche und der Atmosphäre wurde auf der Aufforstungsfläche Mehrstedt und einem angrenzendem Grünland mit zwei Eddy- Kovarianz-Türmen gemessen. Die Bruttoprimärproduktion der Aufforstungsfläche war um 41% (erstes Jahr) bis 14% (drittes Jahr) geringer als die der benachbarten Grünlandfläche. Die Flächenvorbereitung der Aufforstung mit Tieffräsen der Pflanzreihen zerstörte 30% der nicht-verholzten Vegetation, die die C-Flüsse der Fläche bestimmten. Eine beschleunigte Mineralisierung von Bodenkohlenstoff auf der Aufforstungsfläche führte im ersten Jahr zu einem Netto-C-Verlust von 1.2 t ha-1. Dahingegen war die saisonale C-Dynamik durch klimatische Faktoren bestimmt und durch Störungen durch das Flächenmanagement. Die Detektierbarkeit von Veränderungen der C-Vorräte im Boden wird durch deren räumliche und vertikale Heterogenität bestimmt. Die Variabilität der Bodenkohlenstoff-konzentration war ein bis zwei Größenordnungen größer als die der Feinbodendichte. Aus diesen beiden Parametern werden die C-Vorräte im Boden errechnet. Mit einem Simulationsmodel konnte gezeigt werden wie diese Information genutzt werden kann, um das Beprobungsdesign zu optimieren mit 12 - 19% weniger Proben aber unveränderter statistischer Genauigkeit. Der Einfluss von Regenwürmern auf den C-Transport und die C-Stabilisierung wurde untersucht, um den Effekt von verringerter Regenwurmabundanz in Wäldern auf die C Dynamik im Boden abschätzen zu können. Tiefgrabende Regenwürmer haben frischen Detritus schnell und effektive in den Unterboden transportiert und dort an den Gangwänden abgelagert. Entgegen der Hypothese, dass Regenwürmer zur C Stabilisierung beitragen wurde ein schneller C-Abbau in den Regenwurmgängen gemessen mit Umsatzzeiten von 3 bis 5 Jahren. Ein NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) Relexationszeit-experiment und Messungen zur Enzymaktivität in den Regenwurmgängen ergaben keine Hinweise auf eine C-Stabilisierung durch Regenwürmer. Die C-Dynamik der untersuchten Aufforstungsflächen wird durch verschiedene Faktoren bestimmt, von denen sich einige kontinuierlich mit Heranwachsen des Waldes ändern werden, wie z.B. die Regenwurmabundanz oder die Bodenfeuchtedynamik. Dies wird zu Rückkopplungen auf den C-Kreislauf und auf die C-Speicherfunktion der Aufforstung führen. ; Afforestations are acknowledged as C sinks under the Kyoto protocol article 3.3. However, young afforestations may be considerable C sources. Losses of soil C may offset the C sink of the tree biomass. The aim of this thesis was to i) investigate the factors that affect the establishment success of the new forests, ii) quantify the impact of site preparation and management changes along with the afforestation on the C balance of the system, iii) understand how soil C dynamics are influenced by historical land use changes and activity of the soil fauna (earthworms), and iv) to explore soil C variability to set up an optimized sampling scheme for future soil C studies at the two afforestation sites. The essence of this research is presented in the form of six manuscripts. This thesis sets the basis for the long-term experiment BIOTREE which was started at three sites in Thuringia with a total of 70 ha. The future aim of this experiment is to investigate the influence of tree diversity on ecosystem processes. Therefore, 300 000 seedlings from 19 different tree species were planted. The design of the experiment is outlined in manuscript 1 together with a description of the three study sites. Manuscript 2 explores the differences between the establishment success of the tree species and the influencing factors. Establishment failure of the species up to 79% extends the time before afforestations become net C sinks. Experimental plots with higher tree diversity were found to be more resistant against damages by voles and rabbits than plots with less tree species. Parts of the sites Kaltenborn and Mehrstedt were converted from cropland to grassland, 23 and 29 years ago, respectively. The impact of this historical land use change on soil C stocks and C fractions was investigated (manuscript 3). Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in soil C stocks between both land use types but a different vertical C distribution was observed. High C stocks at the clay rich Mehrstedt site were found below the ploughing horizon. The swelling and shrinking dynamic of the clayey soil was expected to enhance the C transport into the subsoil. Measurements of the 14C age of this subsoil C confirmed this hypothesis. In the uppermost horizon of the sandy soil in the Kaltenborn grassland mineral surfaces were found to be C-saturated, thus, this horizon cannot physically stabilise additional C. The large area of unsaturated mineral surfaces in the subsoil provides an unused capacity to stabilise and store additional C at of both sites. Net C exchange fluxes between land surface and atmosphere were measured with two eddy covariance towers at the afforestation site Mehrstedt and an adjacent grassland site (manuscript 4). Gross primary productivity of the afforestation was reduced by 41% (first two years) to 14% (third year) compared to the grassland. Site preparation of the afforestation with deep ploughing damaged parts of the herbaceous vegetation that dominated the C fluxes. Enhanced C mineralisation was detected at the afforestation only during the first year, causing a net C loss of 1.2 t ha-1. Seasonal C dynamics were determined by climatic factors (mainly precipitation during summer) and disturbances by site management (grazing on grassland site, mowing on the afforestation site). The probability to detect expected soil C stock changes depends on the vertical and spatial heterogeneity of the C stocks. The variability of the soil C concentration was found to be one to two magnitudes higher than the variability of the bulk density. Both parameters directly affect the calculated soil C stocks. A simulation model revealed the possibility to improve the sampling design for soil C stocks with sample numbers reduced by 12-19% but unchanged statistical power. This is of major importance because high sample numbers are usually needed to make soil C stock changes detectable. The effect of earthworms on soil C translocation and stabilisation was investigated to understand how afforestations may influence the C cycling indirectly by reducing the earthworm abundance (manuscript 6). Deep burrowing earthworms were found to be effective in translocating recently assimilated C into the subsoil by depositing it along the burrow walls. Contrary to the original hypothesis of C stabilisation due to earthworm gut passage, organic C in earthworm burrows was lost rapidly with half life times of only 3 5 years. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation experiments and enzyme activity measurements showed no enhanced C stabilisation by earthworms. The C dynamics of the investigated afforestation sites were found to be influenced by different factors. Some of them, such as earthworm abundance and seasonal soil moisture pattern, change along with the forest development feeding back on the C cycle and the C sequestration.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2000 GermanySachs, Nicole; Kaule, Giselher; Klamt, Cornelia; Krewitt, Wolfgang; Friedrich, Rainer;Im Rahmen dieses Vorprojekts wurde die Entwicklung von Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren für solche Umweltbereiche untersucht, die für eine zielgenaue Bewertung des Umweltzustands eine räumliche Disaggregierung der betrachteten Parameter voraussetzen und über das Maß der bisher entwickelten Indikatoren für Baden-Württemberg hinausgehen. In dem genannten Projekt wurde die Anwendbarkeit und der erwartete Nutzen solcher Indikatoren beispielhaft für die Problemfelder Flächenversiegelung Zusammenhängende landwirtschaftliche Fläche Nutzungsintensität von Auenböden, und Biodiversität untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Belastungen in den untersuchten Umweltbereichen standortspezifisch sind. Eine Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Empfindlichkeiten im Rahmen einer räumlich differenzierten Betrachtung ist daher für die Analyse besonders belasteter Gebiete und für die Entwicklung individueller Handlungsempfehlungen unumgänglich. ; Within the scope of this pre-project the development of sustainability indicators has been analyzed for those environmental areas which require a spatial disaggregation to obtain a reliable assessment of the environmental conditions. The applicability and the expected benefit of such disaggregated indicators is exemplary demonstrated with the following purviews surface sealing, connected areas with a good applicability for agriculture, land use intensity of flooding areas and biodiversity. The results demonstrate, that the environmental impacts are highly site-specific. The consideration of different sensitivities is recommended for the analysis of particulary burdened regions and for the development of an efficient implementation of adequat measures.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2006 GermanyAuthors: Wibbelhoff, Oliver;This work presents an analysis of the energy structure of carriers enclosed in self-assembled InAs quantum dots. Capacitance-voltage-spectroscopy (CV) with perpendicular magnetic fields is used to identify the energy structure of holes in quantum dots. Applying a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator model, we demonstrate an irregular filling sequence where the d states are occupied with holes before the filling of the p shell is completed. This surprising behavior is explained by a shift in the energy structure in favor of the coulomb repulsion due to the strong interaction in the hole system. We have mapped out the wave functions of electron and hole carriers using CV-spectroscopy with parallel magnetic fields. This allows us to obtain two dimensional plots of the probability densities in k-space for the carriers. The wave functions are interpreted in a quasi particle picture. For the s electrons in quantum dots we obtain Gaussian like probability densities with certain deviations. The wave functions are elongated along [1-10] in direct space. This is caused by a morphological anisotropy of the quantum dots and due to the piezoelectric effect in these structures. The p states show nodal structures with orbitals that are oriented perpendicular to each other. The low energy p states are oriented along [1-10] in direct space. The hole wave functions show an elongation along the perpendicular direction [110] in direct space. This confirms the assumption that the probability distribution is mainly influenced by piezoelectric effects in the strained semiconductor system. Using polarization dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy we demonstrate an energy shift in the interband transitions which indicates an anisotropic confining potential.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2022Publisher:Zenodo Funded by:EC | FCH2RAILEC| FCH2RAILKonrad, Marcel; Pagenkopf, Johannes; J��ger, Victoria Carolin; Dittus, Holger; Dura, Georg; Garbar, Alexander; Maa��, Jan-Christoph;The project partners Duisport AG, the DLR Institute of Vehicle Concepts and the Center for Fuel Cell Technology (ZBT) have investigated the feasibility of locomotives with hydrogen fuel cell hybrid powertrains (FCH) for typical use by Duisport Rail (dpr) in the Duisburg port area and on the public rail network.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 94visibility views 94 download downloads 81 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 1998 GermanyAuthors: Schlenzig, Christoph;Strategische Energieplanung soll durch eine systematische und zukunftsbezogene Analyse Wege zu einer wirtschaftlichen und umweltfreundlichen Energieversorgung aufzeigen. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle entscheidungsunterstützende Planungsinstrumente und stellt das neue Instrument PlaNet für die strategische Energie- und Umweltplanung vor. Das Planungsinstrument PlaNet unterstützt das methodische Konzept der strukturierten Planung von der Definition der Problemstellung über die Modellierung bis hin zur Erfolgskontrolle. Die Daten stehen im Mittelpunkt des Planungsprozesses und werden in einer relationalen Datenbank zentral verwaltet. Energiesysteme werden in PlaNet mit dem Konzept des Referenzenergiesystems (RES) modelliert, einer Netzwerkdarstellung der Topologie der Energieflüsse. Durch die Trennung von Topologie des Energiesystems, Datenverwaltung und mathematischer Struktur des Modells konnte zum erstenmal ein standardisiertes Informationssystem für Energiesystemmodelle entwickelt werden. Simulationsmodule berechnen Energie-, Schadstoff- und Kapazitätzsbilanzen für beliebige Energiesysteme und ermitteln anhand der Investitionskosten, Brennstoffkosten, fixen und variablen Betriebskosten die über den Beobachtungszeitraum abdiskontierten Gesamtkosten des Energiesystems. Um Transparenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit der Planung zu erhöhen und eine regelmäßige Aktualisierung der Modellierung zu erleichtern, ermöglicht PlaNet die umfangreiche Dokumentation der Modellierungsarbeiten. PlaNet ist modular aufgebaut und integriert unter einer einheitlichen Bedienoberfläche ein Datenbanksystem, Simulationsmodule sowie entscheidungsunterstützende Werkzeuge für Szenariomanagement, Datenanalyse und multikriterielle Bewertung. PlaNet ist ein ideales Werkzeug für die strategische Analyse und die Erfolgskontrolle im Bereich der Energie- und Umweltplanung. ; Strategic energy planning supports decision making by offering a systematic way of analyzing, evaluating and shaping future energy systems. It consists of setting ...
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