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    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Helferich, Marvin; Preuß, Sabine; +1 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the initial round of survey data gathered in France in 2022, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. In the first round of the survey, we recruited a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country, taking into account both the individual and household perspectives. The survey includes a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in various domains of life, such as housing, mobility, and diet. In addition to this, the survey also measures socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    The abstract gives an overview over geographical, environmental and political changes in Tunisia from 2000 to 2018. The focus is on wildfire evolution and climate change processes in Tunisia. L' augmentation des incendies de forêts, la littoralisation, la californisation, risque de voir les espèces invasives se multiplier-telle fut le résultat de l'étude GTZ « Stratégie nationale d'adaptation de l'agriculture tunisienne et des écosystèmes aux changements climatiques» sottie en 2007 - et dont l'auteur fut le responsable du groupe d'analyse des écosystèmes. Le diagnostic concernant l'évolution de risques de feux de forêts fut assez alarmant : « Nous pensons que les changements climatiques vont accroître considérablement les risques de feux de végétation. Le Nord de la Tunisie serait particulièrement affecté par cette évolution car en plus de l'augmentation des températures le stock combustible pourrait considérablement augmenter ... La progression des incendies, surtout de grands incendies nécessitant des grands stocks de combustibles, dans le Nord tunisien, peut avoir des conséquences particulièrement négatives pour toute l'économie tunisienne car elle met en danger les systèmes des barrages et l'approvisionnement en eau d'une grande partie de la Tunisie. (Neff, C. 2007., p.37-38)».Dix ans après la sortie de l' étude l' auteur essai d'évaluerà quel point les scenarios dessinés dans l'étude de 2007 sont encore d'actualité en Tunisie contemporaine (2017/18). Est-ce que les changements politiques, la révolution tunisienne de 2011 et la phase transitoire vers une démocratielibérale qui suivait cette révolution, ont pesé sur l' état de l'environnement. Quel est la tendance des fréquences d'incendies de forêts des dernières années en Tunisie. Est-ce que les pouvoirs politiques actuelsprennent en considération les «risques» que les changements climatiques peuvent engendrer pour les écosystèmes& les paysages tunisiennes. Le tout sera complété, par une vue globale d'extérieure sur la Tunisie-l'auteur est bloggeur sur le Monde.fr depuis 2009, et il suit les évènements tunisiens avec attention. Quel est la vue d'un bloggeur franco-allemande sur une Tunisie changeante et confronté à des défis politiques considérable: la phase de transition démocratique, les changements climatiques, mais aussi le futur des terres intérieures tunisiennes, les paysages ruraux à l'abandonet dont la jeunesse cherche à fuir vers des destinations meilleurs ...

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Conference object . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Conference object . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Conference object . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Conference object . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Janßen, Hannah; Preuß, Sabine; +3 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the second round of survey data gathered in France in 2023, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. The first round of the survey, consisted of recruiting a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country. In this second survey round, we recruit around 500 respondents from the initial survey round, ensuring representativity is maintained. This survey is very similar to the survey in the first round and includes a lot of identical items, including a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in the housing, mobility, and diet sectors, socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort. New for this second round, we have incorporated questions regarding the measures respondents adopted in response to the 2022 energy crisis.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Adami, Salah-Eddine;

    Les progrès réalisés durant ces dernières années dans le domaine de la microélectronique et notamment vis-à-vis de l'augmentation exponentielle de la densité d'intégration des composants et des systèmes a participé activement à l'apparition et au développement de systèmes portables communicants de plus en plus performants et polyvalents. La R&D dans les technologies de stockage d'énergie n'a pas suivi cette tendance d'évolution très rapide ; ce qui constitue un handicap majeur dans les évolutions futures des systèmes portables. La transmission d'énergie sans fils sur des distances considérables (plusieurs dizaines de mètres) grâce aux microondes constitue une solution très prometteuse pour pallier aux problèmes d'autonomie dans le cas des systèmes sans fils communicants. De plus, du fait de l'omniprésence des ondes électromagnétiques dans notre environnement avec des niveaux plus ou moins importants, la récupération et l'exploitation de cette énergie libre est également possible. La rectenna (Rectifying Antenna) est le dispositif permettant de capter et de convertir une onde électromagnétique en une tension continue. Plusieurs travaux de thèse axés sur l'étude et l'optimisation de la rectenna ont été réalisés au sein du laboratoire. Ces travaux avaient montré que pour des faibles niveaux de champs les tensions délivrées par la rectenna sont généralement très faibles et inexploitables. Aussi, comme la majorité des micro-sources d'énergie et à cause de son impédance interne, les performances de la rectenna dépendent fortement de sa charge de sortie. Ainsi, le développement d'un système d'interfaçage de la rectenna est nécessaire afin de pallier ces manquements inhérents du convertisseur RF/DC. Ce genre de système d'interfaçage est généralement absent dans la littérature à cause des faibles niveaux de puissance exploités. Par conséquent, la rectenna est très souvent utilisée tel quelle ; ce qui limite fortement le champ applicatif. Dans ce projet de recherche, un système de gestion énergétique de la rectenna complètement autonome a été conçu, développé et optimisé afin de garantir les performances optimales de la rectenna quelques soient les fluctuations de la puissance d'entrée et celles de la charge de sortie. Le circuit d'interfaçage permet également de fournir à la charge des niveaux de tension utilisables. Le système réalisé est basé tout d'abord sur l'utilisation d'un convertisseur DC/DC résonant pouvant fonctionner d'une manière complètement autonome à partir de niveaux très bas de la tension et de la puissance de la source. Ce convertisseur permet donc de garantir l'autonomie du système en éliminant la nécessité d'une source d'énergie auxiliaire. A cause de ses faibles performances énergétiques, ce convertisseur ne sera utilisé que durant la phase de démarrage. L'efficacité du système en termes de rendement énergétique et d'adaptation d'impédance est garantie grâce à l'utilisation d'un convertisseur Flyback fonctionnant dans son régime de conduction discontinu. Ainsi, une adaptation d'impédance très efficace est réalisée entre la rectenna et la charge de sortie. Ce convertisseur principal fonctionnera durant le régime permanent. Les deux convertisseurs ont été optimisés pour des niveaux de tension et de puissance aussi bas que quelques centaines de mV et quelques μW respectivement. Des mesures expérimentales réalisées sur plusieurs prototypes ont démontré le bon fonctionnement et les excellentes performances prédites par la procédure de conception ; ce qui nous permet de valider notre approche. De plus, les performances obtenues se distinguent parfaitement vis-à-vis de l'état de l'art. Enfin, en fonction de l'application désirée, plusieurs synoptiques d'association des deux structures sont proposés. Ceci inclut également la gestion énergétique de la charge de sortie.

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  • Authors: Neff, Christophe;

    This blogpost is a personal retrospective on the participation at the « Deuxième Symposium International de l’AGT : « Territoires, Changements globaux et Développement Durable», 12-17 novembre 2018, Hammamet –Tunisie » and furthermore a reflection on the authors research experience in Tunisia.

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    Authors: Neff, Christophe;

    Im ersten Teil des Artikels wird ein wissenschaftlicher Überblick über die Dynamik der Waldbrände in Tunesien von 2000 bis 2019 gegeben. Er vergleicht die in der Studie "Stratégie nationale d'adaptation de l'agriculture tunisienne et des écosystèmes aux changements climatiques (Nationale Strategie zur Anpassung der tunesischen Landwirtschaft und der Ökosysteme an den Klimawandel)" entwickelten Szenarien mit der Entwicklung der Waldbrände in Tunesien zwischen 2010 und 2019. In diesem Abschnitt zeigt der Autor, dass die Zunahme der Anzahl der Waldbrände und der verbrannten Fläche als ein erstes Anzeichen des Klimawandels in Tunesien gedeutet werden kann. Im zweiten Teil bietet der Autor eine sehr viel subjektivere Sicht auf Tunesien, - die Sicht eines Bloggers, der den Aufbau der ersten echten liberalen Demokratie eines Landes in der arabischen Welt über seinen Blog "paysages" genau verfolgt hat. Der Autor kommt zu dem Schluss, dass "solange der Jebel hungrig ist und die tunesischen Wälder weiter brennen, die Zukunft der jungen tunesischen Demokratie eine "schwere Herausforderung" für Tunesien bleiben wird.

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    Authors: Eichhammer, W.;

    Belgium has an ambitious climate change target of -7.5% for all six geenhouse gases mentioned in the Kyoto Protocol (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6) to reach by 2008-2012. The target is ambitious given the current rising trends in greenhouse gas emissions in the country, though it is average compared to a global EU target of -8% for all greenhouse gases. The remaining 10 years up to 2012, however, leave little margin on action and an ambitious reduction of energy demand is necessary in combination with supply efficiency measures (both on fossil supply and renewables) and measures for non-CO2 greenhouse gases. In this context, the present study was commissioned by the Ministry for Economic Affairs with the aim to investigate in detail the role that energy efficiency at the demand side had been playing in Belgium energy policy so far and what elements of energy efficiency could be promoted to increase its role in the future, taking into account the particular federal structure of the Belgium state. Energy efficiency is not an isolated element of energy policy but embedded in a general context of energy policy.

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    Authors: Fumière, Quentin;

    The Mediterranean region and more particularly the South-East of France are affected by intense rainfall episodes during the autumn. Determining the future evolution of these events is a major scientific and societal challenge. The objective of this PhD thesis is to study at very high resolution and at climate scales the past representation and future evolution of these intense rainfall events. The approach here is based on the analysis of simulations of a family of explicit deep convection regional climate models (cprcms, 2-3 km) and on the exploitation of a new database of kilometric and hourly precipitation observations : comephore. The evaluation of the cprcms revealed a high added-value of explicit convection models compared with parameterized convection models (12.5 km) for the representation of daily and especially sub-daily extreme precipitation. The robustness of this added value has been showed to changes in cnrm-arome configurations (version, domain and model driving).The added value was also verified in 4 other rcm/cprcm pairs from the cordex fps-convection program. The study of precipitation changes based on 10-year simulations of the four cprcms did not provide a significant response of change in extreme precipitation. It is very natural climate variability is likely to dominate the future response of extreme precipitation over periods of 10 years, which implies that even at the end of the 21st century and in a scenario with high green house-gases emissions, it is likely that some decades will be wetter and others less so than decades of the current climate. It is therefore necessary to extend the simulations to increase the robustness of multi-model results. In addition, the 10-year change results with cnrm-arome are not representative of the changes over 30 years. The 30-year scenario simulation with cnrm-arome according to the rcp8.5 projection for the end of the century suggests an increase in extreme daily and especially hourly precipitation in the Cévennes and more particularly in Roussillon (+15% per degree of warming). In scenario mode, it was possible to show that cprcms can significantly change the rain response to climate change simulated by standard resolution rcms. This work is the first intensive scientific exploitation of the arome model in climate mode. The results obtained open up many possibilities for its future use to study climate at very high resolution and in particular extreme events.; Le pourtour méditerranéen, plus particulièrement le Sud-Est de la France, est affecté par des épisodes de pluies intenses pendant l'automne. Déterminer l'évolution future de ces événements est un enjeu scientifique et de société majeur. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier, à très haute résolution spatiale et aux échelles climatiques, la représentation passée et l'évolution future de ces événements de pluies intenses. L'approche utilisée est basée sur l'analyse des simulations d'une famille de modèles de climat régionaux à convection profonde explicite (cprcms, 2-3 km) et sur l'exploitation d'une nouvelle base de données d'observations des précipitations kilométrique et horaire : comephore.L'évaluation des cprcms met en évidence une forte valeur ajoutée des cprcms par rapport aux rcms (Regional Climate Models) à convection paramétrée (12,5 km) pour la représentation des précipitations extrêmes quotidiennes et surtout horaires. Cette valeur ajoutée est robuste à des changements de configurations de cnrm-arome (version, domaine et modèle forceur). Il est également montré que cette valeur ajoutée est vérifiée dans 4 autres paires cprcm/rcm issues du programme cordex fps-convection. L'étude des effets du changement climatique à la fin du 21 ème siècle dans un scénario à forte émission de gaz à effet de serre à partir de simulations de 10 ans des quatre cprcms ne permet pas d'obtenir une évolution significative des précipitations extrêmes même sur le signe du changement attendu. Il est très probable que la variabilité naturelle du climat domine la réponse future des précipitations extrêmes sur des périodes de 10 ans. En revanche, une simulation de scénario de 30 ans avec cnrm-arome selon le scénario rcp8.5 pour la fin du siècle suggère une augmentation des précipitations extrêmes quotidiennes et surtout horaires sur les Cévennes et plus particulièrement sur le Roussillon où l'augmentation des précipitations horaires pourrait dépasser les 15% par degré de réchauffement. Par ailleurs, il a été montré que les cprcms peuvent nettement modifier la réponse des pluies au changement climatique simulées par les rcms à résolution standard. A l'avenir, des simulations d'au moins 30 ans semblent nécessaires pour obtenir des résultats robustes dans les exercices internationaux multi-modèles. Ce travail constitue la première exploitation scientifique intensive du modèle arome en mode climat. Les résultats obtenus ouvrent de nombreuses possibilités pour son usage futur pour étudier le climat à très haute résolution et en particulier les événements extrêmes.

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    Authors: boutaud, benoît;

    Energy transition finds itself high on the political agenda, with electricity occupying its own specific place. The aim of this thesis is to reflect on the emergence of a new electricity model, and to determine its features and whether it offers an alternative to the centralised model. Using three perspectives for analysis – institutional, technological and regional – this thesis demonstrate that this model has had its day. An accumulation of changes has transformed the electricity system, both materially and in relation to its organisation: liberalisation, rise of distributed generation, political decentralisation, and so on. The new configuration currently under production is the result of contradictory socio-technical pressures; these are creating a hybrid system between a general trend towards decentralisation on one side and mechanisms for political-administrative centralisation and technico-economic concentration on the other.The state has lost its monopoly but not its central position, even though the sector has diversified in terms of actors and technologies and become more open to society (access to production, legislative process, etc.). Neither the frustrated progression of EU operations, liberalisation, nor the greater presence of local authorities has thus far been able to entirely undermine the state's ability to position itself at the centre of operational control of the sector. It acts in different ways: withdrawal from operational matters, integration of renewables, finance, R&D, legislation, etc. On occasions it is also interventionist (shareholders, price structures, networks, etc.). In a liberal climate, the state is adapting by undertaking pragmatic reform of its activities and controlling the integration of socio-technical alternatives. This adaptation equates to a greater role for the regional authorities in public energy policy, as local areas continue to gain in importance. These regions and areas are currently defining themselves as indispensable partners of the state – largely on the basis of the bodies for intercommunal cooperation and the regional councils – for the management and implementation of a multitude of processes and technical measures at sub-national level. In parallel, they wish to assert their importance in the sector and can make use of their levers for operational control (planning, support for renewables, etc.) Today, they have still only appropriated the terrain partially and unevenly, but this strong trend means that local is the sector's new horizon, including for the state, which is adapting the organisation of its administration around the regions. And so a process, which is legal in nature and organised by the state is at work, whereby the administrations gain in autonomy to form an unhindered energy administration which cannot be reduced to a capacity to produce energy. The new boundary lines resulting from this growing autonomy are ultimately drawing up institutional territories which pose no challenge to the national scale or the role of the state.This hybrid character arises from technico-economic concentration mechanisms which are specific to the electricity network industry and its context and from rationales concerning space and territories which are connected to infrastructural factors. They result in particular from the counterintuitive deployment of distributed generation carried out in a mixed centralised/decentralised manner, highlighting the interaction between forms of control and socio-technical conditions (spatialisation conditions, concentration of actors, etc).With regard to regulation, the configuration currently emerging presents a balance between shortage/decentralisation and continuity/centralisation. Account taken of developments to come in the areas of storage and new information and communication technologies, it is nevertheless probable that this configuration will only be a long progression towards a new energy model La question de la transition énergétique se situe aujourd’hui en haut de l’agenda politique. L’objectif de cette thèse est de s’interroger sur l’émergence d’un nouveau modèle électrique, de déterminer quelles sont ses caractéristiques et s’il représente une alternative au modèle centralisé. En combinant trois perspectives d’analyse – institutionnelle, technologique et territoriale –, elle démontre que ce modèle centralisé a vécu. Un faisceau de changements a transformé en profondeur le système électrique dans sa matérialité et son organisation : libéralisation, production distribuée, décentralisation politique, etc. La nouvelle configuration qui s’élabore est hybride. Elle est le résultat de tensions entre d’un côté des innovations porteuses de changements sociotechniques importants et de l’autre des mécanismes de centralisation politico-administrative et de concentration technico-économique.L’État a perdu son hégémonie mais pas sa centralité, alors même que le secteur s’est diversifié (acteurs, technologies) et que l’électricité se diffuse dans toute la société (accession à la production, processus législatif, etc.). Ni la montée en compétence contrariée de l’UE, ni la libéralisation, ni l’émergence des collectivités n’ont totalement remis en cause sa capacité à se positionner au centre de la régulation du secteur. Son action est tout à la fois sélective (désengagement de l’opérationnel), intégratrice (EnR, collectivités), diffuse (financement, R&D, législation, etc.) et parfois interventionniste (actionnariat, tarification, réseaux de transport et de distribution, etc.). Dans un contexte libéral, l’État s’adapte par une réforme pragmatique de son action et par l’intégration contrôlée des alternatives. Ce « libéralisme apprivoisé » correspond à une territorialisation de la politique publique de l’énergie à l’intérieur de laquelle les collectivités s’imposent selon une logique à la fois ascendante et descendante.Celles-ci sont en train, d’une part, principalement autour des EPCI et des conseils régionaux, de s’imposer comme des partenaires obligés de l’État dans la mise en œuvre et la gestion d’une pluralité de processus et de dispositifs techniques infranationaux. D’autre part, elles souhaitent s’affirmer dans ce secteur et disposent pour cela de leviers opérationnels (concession, planification, soutien aux EnR, information, etc.). Cette appropriation reste encore aujourd’hui partielle et inégale mais représente une tendance forte qui fait du local le nouvel horizon du secteur, y compris pour l’État qui adapte son organisation administrative autour de l’échelle régionale. Un processus d’autonomisation des collectivités, de nature juridique, est donc à l’œuvre, organisé par l’État et relevant d’une libre administration énergétique qui ne peut être réduite au développement d’une capacité de production d’énergie. Les nouvelles délimitations issues de cette autonomisation aboutissent à un agencement de territoires institutionnels qui ne remettent pas fondamentalement en question l’échelle nationale et le rôle de l’État.Cette configuration hybride dépend des modalités de développement de la production soumis à des mécanismes de concentration technico-économiques propres à l’industrie de réseau électrique, à son contexte, ainsi qu’aux logiques spatiales et territoriales dépendants de paramètres infrastructurels. C’est ce que démontre le déploiement contre-intuitif de la production distribuée qui s’effectue sous une forme mixte centralisée/décentralisée, résultat de l’interaction entre des formes de contrôle et des conditions sociotechniques spécifiques (spatialisation, logiques d’échelle, concentration des acteurs, etc.).La configuration qui émerge combine des éléments de rupture/décentralisation et de continuité/centralisation. Compte tenu de l’importance des évolutions à venir – NTIC, stockage –, celle-ci ne représente cependant probablement qu’une étape d’un long cheminement vers un nouveau modèle énergétique

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    Authors: Jutteau, Paul;

    Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, die Auswirkungen der Energiegewinnung durch Biogas auf die Landwirtschaft und die ländlichen Räume anhand einer vergleichenden Studie in vier deutschen Untersuchungsgebieten zu untersuchen. Dafür wurden die Konzepte der landwirtschaftlichen Multifunktionalität und des territorial capital in Verbindung mit der multi-level perspective auf den soziotechnischen Wandel verwendet. Dabei wurde zunächst der Trend zu einer Hybridisierung dieses Wandels herausgearbeitet. Biogas kann die produktivistischen Praktiken der Betriebe verstärken, aber auchabschwächen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass diese gegenläufigen Entwicklungspfade gleichzeitig in den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben ablaufen können. Darüber hinaus belegt diese Arbeit, dass die Entwicklung der Gesetzgebung und auch die Art von Investoren (industrielle oder finanzielle Firmen, landwirtschaftliche Betriebsarten) ebenso wie die lokalen Merkmale (Peripherisierungsprozesse bzw. Bevölkerungsrückgang im ländlichen Raum, Formen des territorialen Erbes— „héritage territorial― — oder eine besondere lokale Geschichte in Bezug auf das Thema Energie) diese ambivalenten Entwicklungspfade beeinflussen können, sobald die Akteure die betreffenden Merkmaleund Ressourcen nutzen. Deshalb kann es zur Entstehung von umweltbezogenen sozialen Ungleichheiten kommen. ; This research aims at investigating the connections between energy transitions and agricultural transformations through a comparative research focused on four case studies in Germany. The starting point of this inquiry was the ambivalence of these changes. On the one hand, biogas generation tends to reinforce the socio-economic integration of farms intoagro-industrial value chains. On the other hand, this activity could also strengthen the connections with local stakeholders, for example through the implementation of localised heating networks in neighbouring villages or cities. The first aim of this research is to depict these ambivalent agricultural changes, to identify and evaluate ...

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    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Helferich, Marvin; Preuß, Sabine; +1 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the initial round of survey data gathered in France in 2022, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. In the first round of the survey, we recruited a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country, taking into account both the individual and household perspectives. The survey includes a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in various domains of life, such as housing, mobility, and diet. In addition to this, the survey also measures socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    The abstract gives an overview over geographical, environmental and political changes in Tunisia from 2000 to 2018. The focus is on wildfire evolution and climate change processes in Tunisia. L' augmentation des incendies de forêts, la littoralisation, la californisation, risque de voir les espèces invasives se multiplier-telle fut le résultat de l'étude GTZ « Stratégie nationale d'adaptation de l'agriculture tunisienne et des écosystèmes aux changements climatiques» sottie en 2007 - et dont l'auteur fut le responsable du groupe d'analyse des écosystèmes. Le diagnostic concernant l'évolution de risques de feux de forêts fut assez alarmant : « Nous pensons que les changements climatiques vont accroître considérablement les risques de feux de végétation. Le Nord de la Tunisie serait particulièrement affecté par cette évolution car en plus de l'augmentation des températures le stock combustible pourrait considérablement augmenter ... La progression des incendies, surtout de grands incendies nécessitant des grands stocks de combustibles, dans le Nord tunisien, peut avoir des conséquences particulièrement négatives pour toute l'économie tunisienne car elle met en danger les systèmes des barrages et l'approvisionnement en eau d'une grande partie de la Tunisie. (Neff, C. 2007., p.37-38)».Dix ans après la sortie de l' étude l' auteur essai d'évaluerà quel point les scenarios dessinés dans l'étude de 2007 sont encore d'actualité en Tunisie contemporaine (2017/18). Est-ce que les changements politiques, la révolution tunisienne de 2011 et la phase transitoire vers une démocratielibérale qui suivait cette révolution, ont pesé sur l' état de l'environnement. Quel est la tendance des fréquences d'incendies de forêts des dernières années en Tunisie. Est-ce que les pouvoirs politiques actuelsprennent en considération les «risques» que les changements climatiques peuvent engendrer pour les écosystèmes& les paysages tunisiennes. Le tout sera complété, par une vue globale d'extérieure sur la Tunisie-l'auteur est bloggeur sur le Monde.fr depuis 2009, et il suit les évènements tunisiens avec attention. Quel est la vue d'un bloggeur franco-allemande sur une Tunisie changeante et confronté à des défis politiques considérable: la phase de transition démocratique, les changements climatiques, mais aussi le futur des terres intérieures tunisiennes, les paysages ruraux à l'abandonet dont la jeunesse cherche à fuir vers des destinations meilleurs ...

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Conference object . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Conference object . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Conference object . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Conference object . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Janßen, Hannah; Preuß, Sabine; +3 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the second round of survey data gathered in France in 2023, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. The first round of the survey, consisted of recruiting a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country. In this second survey round, we recruit around 500 respondents from the initial survey round, ensuring representativity is maintained. This survey is very similar to the survey in the first round and includes a lot of identical items, including a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in the housing, mobility, and diet sectors, socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort. New for this second round, we have incorporated questions regarding the measures respondents adopted in response to the 2022 energy crisis.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Adami, Salah-Eddine;

    Les progrès réalisés durant ces dernières années dans le domaine de la microélectronique et notamment vis-à-vis de l'augmentation exponentielle de la densité d'intégration des composants et des systèmes a participé activement à l'apparition et au développement de systèmes portables communicants de plus en plus performants et polyvalents. La R&D dans les technologies de stockage d'énergie n'a pas suivi cette tendance d'évolution très rapide ; ce qui constitue un handicap majeur dans les évolutions futures des systèmes portables. La transmission d'énergie sans fils sur des distances considérables (plusieurs dizaines de mètres) grâce aux microondes constitue une solution très prometteuse pour pallier aux problèmes d'autonomie dans le cas des systèmes sans fils communicants. De plus, du fait de l'omniprésence des ondes électromagnétiques dans notre environnement avec des niveaux plus ou moins importants, la récupération et l'exploitation de cette énergie libre est également possible. La rectenna (Rectifying Antenna) est le dispositif permettant de capter et de convertir une onde électromagnétique en une tension continue. Plusieurs travaux de thèse axés sur l'étude et l'optimisation de la rectenna ont été réalisés au sein du laboratoire. Ces travaux avaient montré que pour des faibles niveaux de champs les tensions délivrées par la rectenna sont généralement très faibles et inexploitables. Aussi, comme la majorité des micro-sources d'énergie et à cause de son impédance interne, les performances de la rectenna dépendent fortement de sa charge de sortie. Ainsi, le développement d'un système d'interfaçage de la rectenna est nécessaire afin de pallier ces manquements inhérents du convertisseur RF/DC. Ce genre de système d'interfaçage est généralement absent dans la littérature à cause des faibles niveaux de puissance exploités. Par conséquent, la rectenna est très souvent utilisée tel quelle ; ce qui limite fortement le champ applicatif. Dans ce projet de recherche, un système de gestion énergétique de la rectenna complètement autonome a été conçu, développé et optimisé afin de garantir les performances optimales de la rectenna quelques soient les fluctuations de la puissance d'entrée et celles de la charge de sortie. Le circuit d'interfaçage permet également de fournir à la charge des niveaux de tension utilisables. Le système réalisé est basé tout d'abord sur l'utilisation d'un convertisseur DC/DC résonant pouvant fonctionner d'une manière complètement autonome à partir de niveaux très bas de la tension et de la puissance de la source. Ce convertisseur permet donc de garantir l'autonomie du système en éliminant la nécessité d'une source d'énergie auxiliaire. A cause de ses faibles performances énergétiques, ce convertisseur ne sera utilisé que durant la phase de démarrage. L'efficacité du système en termes de rendement énergétique et d'adaptation d'impédance est garantie grâce à l'utilisation d'un convertisseur Flyback fonctionnant dans son régime de conduction discontinu. Ainsi, une adaptation d'impédance très efficace est réalisée entre la rectenna et la charge de sortie. Ce convertisseur principal fonctionnera durant le régime permanent. Les deux convertisseurs ont été optimisés pour des niveaux de tension et de puissance aussi bas que quelques centaines de mV et quelques μW respectivement. Des mesures expérimentales réalisées sur plusieurs prototypes ont démontré le bon fonctionnement et les excellentes performances prédites par la procédure de conception ; ce qui nous permet de valider notre approche. De plus, les performances obtenues se distinguent parfaitement vis-à-vis de l'état de l'art. Enfin, en fonction de l'application désirée, plusieurs synoptiques d'association des deux structures sont proposés. Ceci inclut également la gestion énergétique de la charge de sortie.

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  • Authors: Neff, Christophe;

    This blogpost is a personal retrospective on the participation at the « Deuxième Symposium International de l’AGT : « Territoires, Changements globaux et Développement Durable», 12-17 novembre 2018, Hammamet –Tunisie » and furthermore a reflection on the authors research experience in Tunisia.

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    Authors: Neff, Christophe;

    Im ersten Teil des Artikels wird ein wissenschaftlicher Überblick über die Dynamik der Waldbrände in Tunesien von 2000 bis 2019 gegeben. Er vergleicht die in der Studie "Stratégie nationale d'adaptation de l'agriculture tunisienne et des écosystèmes aux changements climatiques (Nationale Strategie zur Anpassung der tunesischen Landwirtschaft und der Ökosysteme an den Klimawandel)" entwickelten Szenarien mit der Entwicklung der Waldbrände in Tunesien zwischen 2010 und 2019. In diesem Abschnitt zeigt der Autor, dass die Zunahme der Anzahl der Waldbrände und der verbrannten Fläche als ein erstes Anzeichen des Klimawandels in Tunesien gedeutet werden kann. Im zweiten Teil bietet der Autor eine sehr viel subjektivere Sicht auf Tunesien, - die Sicht eines Bloggers, der den Aufbau der ersten echten liberalen Demokratie eines Landes in der arabischen Welt über seinen Blog "paysages" genau verfolgt hat. Der Autor kommt zu dem Schluss, dass "solange der Jebel hungrig ist und die tunesischen Wälder weiter brennen, die Zukunft der jungen tunesischen Demokratie eine "schwere Herausforderung" für Tunesien bleiben wird.

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    Authors: Eichhammer, W.;

    Belgium has an ambitious climate change target of -7.5% for all six geenhouse gases mentioned in the Kyoto Protocol (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6) to reach by 2008-2012. The target is ambitious given the current rising trends in greenhouse gas emissions in the country, though it is average compared to a global EU target of -8% for all greenhouse gases. The remaining 10 years up to 2012, however, leave little margin on action and an ambitious reduction of energy demand is necessary in combination with supply efficiency measures (both on fossil supply and renewables) and measures for non-CO2 greenhouse gases. In this context, the present study was commissioned by the Ministry for Economic Affairs with the aim to investigate in detail the role that energy efficiency at the demand side had been playing in Belgium energy policy so far and what elements of energy efficiency could be promoted to increase its role in the future, taking into account the particular federal structure of the Belgium state. Energy efficiency is not an isolated element of energy policy but embedded in a general context of energy policy.

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    Authors: Fumière, Quentin;

    The Mediterranean region and more particularly the South-East of France are affected by intense rainfall episodes during the autumn. Determining the future evolution of these events is a major scientific and societal challenge. The objective of this PhD thesis is to study at very high resolution and at climate scales the past representation and future evolution of these intense rainfall events. The approach here is based on the analysis of simulations of a family of explicit deep convection regional climate models (cprcms, 2-3 km) and on the exploitation of a new database of kilometric and hourly precipitation observations : comephore. The evaluation of the cprcms revealed a high added-value of explicit convection models compared with parameterized convection models (12.5 km) for the representation of daily and especially sub-daily extreme precipitation. The robustness of this added value has been showed to changes in cnrm-arome configurations (version, domain and model driving).The added value was also verified in 4 other rcm/cprcm pairs from the cordex fps-convection program. The study of precipitation changes based on 10-year simulations of the four cprcms did not provide a significant response of change in extreme precipitation. It is very natural climate variability is likely to dominate the future response of extreme precipitation over periods of 10 years, which implies that even at the end of the 21st century and in a scenario with high green house-gases emissions, it is likely that some decades will be wetter and others less so than decades of the current climate. It is therefore necessary to extend the simulations to increase the robustness of multi-model results. In addition, the 10-year change results with cnrm-arome are not representative of the changes over 30 years. The 30-year scenario simulation with cnrm-arome according to the rcp8.5 projection for the end of the century suggests an increase in extreme daily and especially hourly precipitation in the Cévennes and more particularly in Roussillon (+15% per degree of warming). In scenario mode, it was possible to show that cprcms can significantly change the rain response to climate change simulated by standard resolution rcms. This work is the first intensive scientific exploitation of the arome model in climate mode. The results obtained open up many possibilities for its future use to study climate at very high resolution and in particular extreme events.; Le pourtour méditerranéen, plus particulièrement le Sud-Est de la France, est affecté par des épisodes de pluies intenses pendant l'automne. Déterminer l'évolution future de ces événements est un enjeu scientifique et de société majeur. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier, à très haute résolution spatiale et aux échelles climatiques, la représentation passée et l'évolution future de ces événements de pluies intenses. L'approche utilisée est basée sur l'analyse des simulations d'une famille de modèles de climat régionaux à convection profonde explicite (cprcms, 2-3 km) et sur l'exploitation d'une nouvelle base de données d'observations des précipitations kilométrique et horaire : comephore.L'évaluation des cprcms met en évidence une forte valeur ajoutée des cprcms par rapport aux rcms (Regional Climate Models) à convection paramétrée (12,5 km) pour la représentation des précipitations extrêmes quotidiennes et surtout horaires. Cette valeur ajoutée est robuste à des changements de configurations de cnrm-arome (version, domaine et modèle forceur). Il est également montré que cette valeur ajoutée est vérifiée dans 4 autres paires cprcm/rcm issues du programme cordex fps-convection. L'étude des effets du changement climatique à la fin du 21 ème siècle dans un scénario à forte émission de gaz à effet de serre à partir de simulations de 10 ans des quatre cprcms ne permet pas d'obtenir une évolution significative des précipitations extrêmes même sur le signe du changement attendu. Il est très probable que la variabilité naturelle du climat domine la réponse future des précipitations extrêmes sur des périodes de 10 ans. En revanche, une simulation de scénario de 30 ans avec cnrm-arome selon le scénario rcp8.5 pour la fin du siècle suggère une augmentation des précipitations extrêmes quotidiennes et surtout horaires sur les Cévennes et plus particulièrement sur le Roussillon où l'augmentation des précipitations horaires pourrait dépasser les 15% par degré de réchauffement. Par ailleurs, il a été montré que les cprcms peuvent nettement modifier la réponse des pluies au changement climatique simulées par les rcms à résolution standard. A l'avenir, des simulations d'au moins 30 ans semblent nécessaires pour obtenir des résultats robustes dans les exercices internationaux multi-modèles. Ce travail constitue la première exploitation scientifique intensive du modèle arome en mode climat. Les résultats obtenus ouvrent de nombreuses possibilités pour son usage futur pour étudier le climat à très haute résolution et en particulier les événements extrêmes.

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    Authors: boutaud, benoît;

    Energy transition finds itself high on the political agenda, with electricity occupying its own specific place. The aim of this thesis is to reflect on the emergence of a new electricity model, and to determine its features and whether it offers an alternative to the centralised model. Using three perspectives for analysis – institutional, technological and regional – this thesis demonstrate that this model has had its day. An accumulation of changes has transformed the electricity system, both materially and in relation to its organisation: liberalisation, rise of distributed generation, political decentralisation, and so on. The new configuration currently under production is the result of contradictory socio-technical pressures; these are creating a hybrid system between a general trend towards decentralisation on one side and mechanisms for political-administrative centralisation and technico-economic concentration on the other.The state has lost its monopoly but not its central position, even though the sector has diversified in terms of actors and technologies and become more open to society (access to production, legislative process, etc.). Neither the frustrated progression of EU operations, liberalisation, nor the greater presence of local authorities has thus far been able to entirely undermine the state's ability to position itself at the centre of operational control of the sector. It acts in different ways: withdrawal from operational matters, integration of renewables, finance, R&D, legislation, etc. On occasions it is also interventionist (shareholders, price structures, networks, etc.). In a liberal climate, the state is adapting by undertaking pragmatic reform of its activities and controlling the integration of socio-technical alternatives. This adaptation equates to a greater role for the regional authorities in public energy policy, as local areas continue to gain in importance. These regions and areas are currently defining themselves as indispensable partners of the state – largely on the basis of the bodies for intercommunal cooperation and the regional councils – for the management and implementation of a multitude of processes and technical measures at sub-national level. In parallel, they wish to assert their importance in the sector and can make use of their levers for operational control (planning, support for renewables, etc.) Today, they have still only appropriated the terrain partially and unevenly, but this strong trend means that local is the sector's new horizon, including for the state, which is adapting the organisation of its administration around the regions. And so a process, which is legal in nature and organised by the state is at work, whereby the administrations gain in autonomy to form an unhindered energy administration which cannot be reduced to a capacity to produce energy. The new boundary lines resulting from this growing autonomy are ultimately drawing up institutional territories which pose no challenge to the national scale or the role of the state.This hybrid character arises from technico-economic concentration mechanisms which are specific to the electricity network industry and its context and from rationales concerning space and territories which are connected to infrastructural factors. They result in particular from the counterintuitive deployment of distributed generation carried out in a mixed centralised/decentralised manner, highlighting the interaction between forms of control and socio-technical conditions (spatialisation conditions, concentration of actors, etc).With regard to regulation, the configuration currently emerging presents a balance between shortage/decentralisation and continuity/centralisation. Account taken of developments to come in the areas of storage and new information and communication technologies, it is nevertheless probable that this configuration will only be a long progression towards a new energy model La question de la transition énergétique se situe aujourd’hui en haut de l’agenda politique. L’objectif de cette thèse est de s’interroger sur l’émergence d’un nouveau modèle électrique, de déterminer quelles sont ses caractéristiques et s’il représente une alternative au modèle centralisé. En combinant trois perspectives d’analyse – institutionnelle, technologique et territoriale –, elle démontre que ce modèle centralisé a vécu. Un faisceau de changements a transformé en profondeur le système électrique dans sa matérialité et son organisation : libéralisation, production distribuée, décentralisation politique, etc. La nouvelle configuration qui s’élabore est hybride. Elle est le résultat de tensions entre d’un côté des innovations porteuses de changements sociotechniques importants et de l’autre des mécanismes de centralisation politico-administrative et de concentration technico-économique.L’État a perdu son hégémonie mais pas sa centralité, alors même que le secteur s’est diversifié (acteurs, technologies) et que l’électricité se diffuse dans toute la société (accession à la production, processus législatif, etc.). Ni la montée en compétence contrariée de l’UE, ni la libéralisation, ni l’émergence des collectivités n’ont totalement remis en cause sa capacité à se positionner au centre de la régulation du secteur. Son action est tout à la fois sélective (désengagement de l’opérationnel), intégratrice (EnR, collectivités), diffuse (financement, R&D, législation, etc.) et parfois interventionniste (actionnariat, tarification, réseaux de transport et de distribution, etc.). Dans un contexte libéral, l’État s’adapte par une réforme pragmatique de son action et par l’intégration contrôlée des alternatives. Ce « libéralisme apprivoisé » correspond à une territorialisation de la politique publique de l’énergie à l’intérieur de laquelle les collectivités s’imposent selon une logique à la fois ascendante et descendante.Celles-ci sont en train, d’une part, principalement autour des EPCI et des conseils régionaux, de s’imposer comme des partenaires obligés de l’État dans la mise en œuvre et la gestion d’une pluralité de processus et de dispositifs techniques infranationaux. D’autre part, elles souhaitent s’affirmer dans ce secteur et disposent pour cela de leviers opérationnels (concession, planification, soutien aux EnR, information, etc.). Cette appropriation reste encore aujourd’hui partielle et inégale mais représente une tendance forte qui fait du local le nouvel horizon du secteur, y compris pour l’État qui adapte son organisation administrative autour de l’échelle régionale. Un processus d’autonomisation des collectivités, de nature juridique, est donc à l’œuvre, organisé par l’État et relevant d’une libre administration énergétique qui ne peut être réduite au développement d’une capacité de production d’énergie. Les nouvelles délimitations issues de cette autonomisation aboutissent à un agencement de territoires institutionnels qui ne remettent pas fondamentalement en question l’échelle nationale et le rôle de l’État.Cette configuration hybride dépend des modalités de développement de la production soumis à des mécanismes de concentration technico-économiques propres à l’industrie de réseau électrique, à son contexte, ainsi qu’aux logiques spatiales et territoriales dépendants de paramètres infrastructurels. C’est ce que démontre le déploiement contre-intuitif de la production distribuée qui s’effectue sous une forme mixte centralisée/décentralisée, résultat de l’interaction entre des formes de contrôle et des conditions sociotechniques spécifiques (spatialisation, logiques d’échelle, concentration des acteurs, etc.).La configuration qui émerge combine des éléments de rupture/décentralisation et de continuité/centralisation. Compte tenu de l’importance des évolutions à venir – NTIC, stockage –, celle-ci ne représente cependant probablement qu’une étape d’un long cheminement vers un nouveau modèle énergétique

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    Authors: Jutteau, Paul;

    Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, die Auswirkungen der Energiegewinnung durch Biogas auf die Landwirtschaft und die ländlichen Räume anhand einer vergleichenden Studie in vier deutschen Untersuchungsgebieten zu untersuchen. Dafür wurden die Konzepte der landwirtschaftlichen Multifunktionalität und des territorial capital in Verbindung mit der multi-level perspective auf den soziotechnischen Wandel verwendet. Dabei wurde zunächst der Trend zu einer Hybridisierung dieses Wandels herausgearbeitet. Biogas kann die produktivistischen Praktiken der Betriebe verstärken, aber auchabschwächen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass diese gegenläufigen Entwicklungspfade gleichzeitig in den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben ablaufen können. Darüber hinaus belegt diese Arbeit, dass die Entwicklung der Gesetzgebung und auch die Art von Investoren (industrielle oder finanzielle Firmen, landwirtschaftliche Betriebsarten) ebenso wie die lokalen Merkmale (Peripherisierungsprozesse bzw. Bevölkerungsrückgang im ländlichen Raum, Formen des territorialen Erbes— „héritage territorial― — oder eine besondere lokale Geschichte in Bezug auf das Thema Energie) diese ambivalenten Entwicklungspfade beeinflussen können, sobald die Akteure die betreffenden Merkmaleund Ressourcen nutzen. Deshalb kann es zur Entstehung von umweltbezogenen sozialen Ungleichheiten kommen. ; This research aims at investigating the connections between energy transitions and agricultural transformations through a comparative research focused on four case studies in Germany. The starting point of this inquiry was the ambivalence of these changes. On the one hand, biogas generation tends to reinforce the socio-economic integration of farms intoagro-industrial value chains. On the other hand, this activity could also strengthen the connections with local stakeholders, for example through the implementation of localised heating networks in neighbouring villages or cities. The first aim of this research is to depict these ambivalent agricultural changes, to identify and evaluate ...

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of Freibu...arrow_drop_down
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