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Project: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets - These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6). CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. Summary: These data include the subset used by IPCC AR6 WGI authors of the datasets originally published in ESGF for 'CMIP6.DAMIP.MPI-M.MPI-ESM1-2-LR' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The MPI-ESM1.2-LR climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components: aerosol: none, prescribed MACv2-SP, atmos: ECHAM6.3 (spectral T63; 192 x 96 longitude/latitude; 47 levels; top level 0.01 hPa), land: JSBACH3.20, landIce: none/prescribed, ocean: MPIOM1.63 (bipolar GR1.5, approximately 1.5deg; 256 x 220 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-12 m), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC6, seaIce: unnamed (thermodynamic (Semtner zero-layer) dynamic (Hibler 79) sea ice model). The model was run by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg 20146, Germany (MPI-M) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: none, ocean: 250 km, ocnBgchem: 250 km, seaIce: 250 km.

Data reported by companies on the production, import, export, destruction and feedstock use of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the European Union during the years 2007-2019. The primary data is synthesised and aggregated at EU level and used to assess the progress on HFC phase-down made under both EU legislation and the UN framework as part of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. The data also details the amount of F-gases supplied to various industrial applications.

Suitability maps (raster format: geotiff) of Fraxinus excelsior, computed using the ForestFocus European dataset of species presence/absence. The adopted suitability model estimates the optimal environmental conditions for European tree species under present and future climates. Available years: 2000, 2020, 2050, 2080. For year 2000 the observed (WorldClim) climate conditions have been used. For years 2020, 2050, 2080 the climate conditions simulated for the climate change scenarios A2 and B2 have been used (by means of the climate models CCCMA, CSIRO, HANDCM3 and of an ensemble model of them).

Image dataset used for a colour analysis of coral branches throughout a long-term marine heatwave emulation experiment using machine learning. Article: "Within population variability in coral heat tolerance indicates climate adaptation potential" by Humanes and Lachs et al. Code to analyse the dataset is found at 10.5281/zenodo.6256164. LL received funding from Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) ONE Planet Doctoral Training Partnership (NE/S007512/1).

Abstract With the rapid advancement in wearable electronics, energy harvesting devices based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been intensively investigated for providing sustainable power supply for them. However, the fabrication of wearable TENGs still remains great challenges, such as flexibility, breathability and washability. Here, a route to develop a new kind of woven-structured triboelectric nanogenerator (WS-TENG) with a facile, low-cost, and scalable electrospinning technique is reported. The WS-TENG is fabricated with commercial stainless-steel yarns wrapped by electrospun polyamide 66 nanofiber and poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) nanofiber, respectively. Triggered by diversified friction materials under a working principle of freestanding mode, the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and maximum instantaneous power density from the WS-TENG can reach up to 166 V, 8.5 µA and 93 mW/m2, respectively. By virtue of high flexibility, desirable breathability, washability and excellent durability, the fabricated WS-TENG is demonstrated to be a reliable power textile to light up 58 light-emitting diodes (LED) connected serially, charge commercial capacitors and drive portable electronics. A smart glove with stitched WS-TENGs is made to detect finger motion in different circumstances. The work presents a new approach for self-powered textiles with potential applications in biomechanical energy harvesting, wearable electronics and human motion monitoring.

Upwelling processes bring nutrient-rich waters from the deep ocean to the surface. Areas of upwelling are often associated with high productivity, offering great economic value in terms of fisheries. The sensitivity of spring/summer-time coastal upwelling systems to climate change has recently received a lot of attention. Several studies have suggested that their intensity may increase in the future while other authors have shown decreasing intensity in their equatorward portions. Yet, recent observations do not show robust evidence of this intensification. The Senegalo-Mauritanian upwelling system (SMUS) located at the southern edge of the north Atlantic system (12°N–20°N) and most active in winter/spring has been largely excluded from these studies. Here, the seasonal cycle of the SMUS and its response to climate change is investigated in the database of the Coupled Models Inter comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Upwelling magnitude and surface signature are characterized by several sea surface temperature and wind stress indices. We highlight the ability of the climate models to reproduce the system, as well as their biases. The simulations suggest that the intensity of the SMUS winter/spring upwelling will moderately decrease in the future, primarily because of a reduction of the wind forcing linked to a northward shift of Azores anticyclone and a more regional modulation of the low pressures found over Northwest Africa. The implications of such an upwelling reduction on the ecosystems and local communities exploiting them remains very uncertain.

Abstract Secondary concentrators are used in solar concentrating systems to redirect solar beams reflected by the primary concentrators to the focal point or line. These components allow to increase the concentrated solar flux density and hence to lower thermal radiation losses. Solar reflectors for secondary concentrators are permanently exposed to environmental conditions, high radiation fluxes and elevated temperatures that potentially cause stress and degradation throughout the time. Therefore, analyzing solar reflectors of secondary concentrators by simulating these conditions is crucial. No previous research works about the durability of solar reflector materials for secondary concentrators have been reported. The present work is focused on studying the degradation of the reflector materials by simulating accelerated aging, caused by several ambient parameters and the effect of concentrated radiation. Both cooled and uncooled systems for secondary concentrators are included in this study. According to results obtained, aluminum reflectors and thin silvered-glass reflectors glued to an aluminum structure showed minimum reflectance losses and structural degradation under the operation conditions of cooled 3D secondary concentrators (tower systems). Following critical aspects to avoid reflector degradation were identified: to select a suitable adhesive material to glue the thin silvered-glass reflector to the support aluminum structure, to properly protect reflectors edges, to design a suitable cooling system and to avoid the combination of high radiation fluxes with mechanical stress. In addition, laminated silvered-glass reflectors have shown to be suitable for uncooled 2D secondary concentrators (Fresnel collectors). Furthermore, a comparison with naturally aged secondary concentrators using silvered-glass reflectors glued to an aluminum structure revealed that the simulated degradation under accelerated conditions performed in this work did reproduce the most frequent degradation patterns suffered in real operating conditions.

This paper introduces a model predictive control (MPC) strategy for the purpose of fuel-optimal operation of a range-extender hybrid vehicle. The modern navigation system nowadays can provide abundant road information. Using this information, the proposed controller solves a global optimization problem offline in order to determine a preset trajectory of the state of charge (SoC). The online MPC uses the resulting SoC trajectory as set-points for the terminal state in every moving horizon. Repeating this process, the optimal energy management along the trip to be traveled can thus be calculated. This proposed control strategy is implemented in the commercial vehicle simulation environment IPG CarMaker. From the first simulation results, the proposed strategy shows a promising fuel saving potential with real-time capability.