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AbstractChina is facing severe challenge on CO2 reduction and will rely on coal as its main energy in the future. Under this circumstance, it is necessary for China to develop CCS technology. However, it may suffer serious risks for China to develop scaled CCS project. This paper aims to identify and evaluate risks for the development of scaled CCS project in China. Main research contents are summarized as follows: firstly, risk factors of CCS project are identified with the application of actor network theory analysis method. The results show that the development of CCS project in China could face risks from aspects of technology, HSE (health, safety and environment), market, energy and resources, as well as policy and regulations. Secondly, case study is conducted on China's first demonstration CCS project “Shenhua CCS demonstration project”. Results show that risks of case project is relatively lower which reflects the case project's characteristics in project scale, site selection and technologies applied. Thirdly, suggestions for risk preventing are proposed.

AbstractIndoor environmental control has been proved to be critical for long-term preservation for artifacts in archaeology museums. However, it is usually a very energy intensive process to sustain a steady condition continuously throughout the year for the whole exhibition hall. In this study, an energy efficient strategy that only controls the local environment for the preservation area is proposed. A laboratory room with a funerary pit was constructed to simulate a large open exhibition hall. Experimental investigations using the test pit, with radiant panels and air curtain system for control of the local environment for the funerary pit, validated this management strategy for the preservation of relics in archaeology museums. The results show that using both an air curtain and a radiant heating system provides a feasible and energy-saving strategy for controlling the preservation environment independently.

AbstractEnergy is the biggest crisis to humanity in the future. Nowadays, most of the energy used on earth comes from oil, gas and coal. According to the recent exploring and consuming rates, the energy will be exhausted in 50-100 years. Whether we can solve the crisis is closely related to the survival of humanity on the earth. The irradiation from the sun is the biggest energy source. Building PV power plant to utilize the energy from sun will be an only way to sustain the life cycle on the earth. However, the development of PV power plants require the huge supply of PV cell and the fabrication process may bring a quantity of pollution and waste, which is harmful to the environment. On the other hand, super large PV power plant will occupy huge land. If the land cannot be explored and used reasonably, this will not benefit the human life either. In this article, we address the discussions about the above problems and propose the initial suggestions about development trend of PV industry and the safety operation mode of super PV power plant.

Abstract The energy revolution will affect the development and utilization of energy, the production and distribution of electricity, and then has profound impacts on the function and form of the power grid. In this paper, to analyze the impacts of energy revolution in China, we generator of electric system planning (GESP) model to simulate energy structures and layouts that simulate different scenarios. Then we improve the calculation methods of the index scores and weights to improve the TOPSIS evaluation method, composing a comprehensive assessment system of TOPSIS-AHP-Entropy method. Furthermore, we construct a multi-dimensional evaluation index system that includes economics, technology, and environmental protection. The assessment results of two scenarios demonstrate, in the context of the energy revolution, that the Reinforcement scenario with large-scale renewable energy, has much better benefits, which requires the grid stronger, more efficient, cleaner. In the new energy revolution, there are four main changes of the morphological positioning and functional patterns of future power grid.

Abstract The state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health(SOH) are two critical indexes in battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles(EVs). To achieve accurate estimation of SOC and SOH, this paper establishes a battery equivalent circuit model and uses Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares (FFRLS) to realize online identification of model parameters. And based on the relationship between the ohmic internal resistance and the SOH, a joint estimator using Double extended Kalman filter(DEKF) algorithm is proposed for the estimation of both SOC and SOH. Then, an error model is established to analyze the influence of the battery OCV-SOC curve, battery capacity and battery parameters on the estimation of the SOC and SOH. The experiment results show that the maximum estimation error of SOC and SOH is 1.08% and 1.52% respectively, which have verified that accurate and robust SOC and SOH estimation results can be obtained by the proposed method. Besides, the OCV-SOC curve has the greatest influence on the estimation error of SOC and SOH among the three kinds of factors mentioned above.

AbstractGravity data was interpreted in Bohai Sea of China in order to study structural features and find out the distribution rules of oil and gas in this area. This paper, through data processing and synthetic interpretation of the gravity data in Bohai Sea, discusses characteristics of the gravity field and their geological significance, determines the fault system, divides structure unites and analyses the relationship between the features of local gravity anomaly and the distribution of oil and gas fields. The results show that Tanlu fault controlled the regional tectonic evolution and the boundary of the structure units of Bohai Sea in Bohai bay basin. Structurally, this area can be divided into seven units, including Huanghua sag, Chenning uplift, Bozhong sag, Jiyang sag, Liaohe sag, Yanshan fold belt and Jiaoliao uplift. In these sag, a lot of local structures and fault developed, and then many favorable traps and systems of migration and hydrocarbon reservoirs formed. There is a close relationship between the distribution of oil and gas fields and the local gravity highs. The relief areas surrounded by these petroleum generative depressions are the most favorable potential targets for the oil and gas exploration, and the intermediate zones between the depressions and the reliefs are also the significant areas in Bohai Sea.

Abstract Fracture morphology and permeability are key factors in enhanced gas recovery (EOR) and Carbon Geo-storage (CCS) in shale gas reservoirs as they determine production and injection rates. However, the exact effect of CO 2 -saturated (live) brine on shale fracture morphology, and how the permeability changes during live brine injection and exposure is only poorly understood. We thus imaged fractured shale samples before and after live brine injection in-situ at high resolution in 3D via X-ray micro-computed tomography. Clearly, the fractures’ aperture and connectivity increased after live brine injection.

Power generation from the renewable energy sources is usually intermittent and uncontrollable which challenges the grid frequency stability. The smart control of loads is an effective means to mitigate the challenge. A decentralized control of heating loads -- industrial melting pots (MPs), was developed which dynamically changes the power consumption of loads in response to grid frequency. A thermodynamic model of MPs was developed and validated based on site measurements by Open Energi. An aggregation of MP models with the control was integrated with a simplified Great Britain power system model. Results showed that MPs are able to provide frequency response in a way similar to generators, which provide a means for the system operator to quantify the benefits of demand response.